Figure 1. Mechanism of migration of leucocytes from

peripheral blood into inflamed tissues.

SelectinsICAM-1

CD11a/CD18 CD11b/CD18

Chemokines:

MCP-1 Chemotaxins: C5a

chemokines

RollingActivation

Adhesion

Transmigration

Figure 2.Northern blot showing glomerular expression of MCP-1 mRNA correlated with monocyte infiltration

Figure 3. Schematic diagram showing regulation of the

effects of IL‑1.

IL-1 Rt I

IL-1 Rt II

Soluble IL-1 Rt II

signal transduction

IL-1ra

IL-1ra

IL-1

IL-1

IL-1

IL-1 IL-1

Biological effects of IL‑1 are tightly regulated, in part by its endogenous receptor antagonist (IL‑1ra), as well as by expression of IL‑1 type II receptor (IL‑1RtII). IL‑1RtII (68 kD) binds to IL‑1 with high affinity (lower affinity for IL‑1 and IL‑1ra) without signal transduction. The extracellular domain of IL‑1RtII can also be released as a soluble receptor selective for IL‑1b. Hence, IL‑1RtII is also know as a decoy receptor that may reduce the effect of IL‑1.

Figure 4.Northern blot showing synthesis of IL-1 decoy receptor in the glomeruli of IL-4 treated rats

Figure 5. Effect of IL-4 on glomerular macrophages (M)

all M activated M

0

2

4

6

8

Control

IL-4

Cel

ls/ g

lom

eru

lar

sect

ion

(gs

) p=0.02

p=0.002

Figure 6. Blocking TNF- prevented crescentic glomerulonephritis

Control sTNFR0

10

20

30

40

50C

resc

ents

(%

)

Figure 7. Delayed treatment with rolipramreduces urinary TNF-

vehicle rolipram0

100

200

300

400

500U

rin

ary

TN

F-

(p

g/1

7h)

p = 0.05

Figure 8. Delayed treatment with rolipram reduces glomerular crescents

vehicle rolipram0

10

20

30

40

Cre

scen

ts(q

uad

ran

ts/5

0 g

s)

p < 0.05

Figure 9. Short term treatment (day 0-7) with IL-4reduction of renal injury at day 28

Control IL-40

25

50

75

100

Cre

scen

ts (

%)

p<0.01

Control IL-40

1

2

3

4

Tu

bu

lar

dam

age

sco

re

p<0.01

Figure 10. IL-11 inactivated glomerular macrophages

Activated M

Control IL-110.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0 *P<0.05

ED

-3+

M/

gcs

All M

Control IL-110

10

20

30

40

50 NS

ED

-1+

M/

gs