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Figure 25.3b

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Figure 25.3b. Renal Vascular Pathway. Figure 25.3c. The Nephron. ________________________ are the structural and functional units that form urine, consisting of: Glomerulus a tuft of ________________________________ associated with a _ Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Figure 25.3b
Transcript
Page 1: Figure 25.3b

Figure 25.3b

Page 2: Figure 25.3b

Renal Vascular Pathway

Figure 25.3c

Page 3: Figure 25.3b

The Nephron

• ________________________ are the structural and functional units that form urine, consisting of:– Glomerulus• a tuft of ________________________________

associated with a _

– Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule • blind, ___________________________________ that

completely surrounds the glomerulus

Page 4: Figure 25.3b

The Nephron

–Renal _• the glomerulus and its Bowman’s capsule

– • ______________________ epithelium that

allows solute-rich, _________________________________ to pass from the blood into the glomerular capsule

Page 5: Figure 25.3b

Renal Tubule

• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) –– composed of cuboidal cells with numerous

_

–____________________________ and solutes from filtrate and secretes substances into it

Page 6: Figure 25.3b

Renal Tubule

• – a hairpin-shaped loop of the renal tubule

• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)– cuboidal cells without microvilli that _

Page 7: Figure 25.3b

Nephrons

• – 85% of nephrons; located in the cortex

• Juxtamedullary nephrons:– Are located at the cortex-medulla junction– Have loops of Henle that _

– Are involved in the production of _

Page 8: Figure 25.3b

Figure 25.5a

Page 9: Figure 25.3b

Capillary Beds of the Nephron

• Every nephron has _________ capillary beds– –

• Each glomerulus is: – Fed by an _ – Drained by an _

Page 10: Figure 25.3b

Capillary Beds of the Nephron

• Blood pressure in the glomerulus is high because:– Arterioles are high-resistance vessels– Afferent arterioles _____________________ than

efferent arterioles

• Fluids and solutes are forced out of the blood throughout the entire length of the glomerulus

Page 11: Figure 25.3b

Capillary Beds

• Peritubular beds are _____________________, porous capillaries ____________________ that: – Arise from efferent arterioles– Cling to adjacent renal tubules– Empty into the renal venous system

• Vasa recta – long, straight _

Page 12: Figure 25.3b

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)

• Where the distal tubule lies against the afferent (sometimes efferent) arteriole

• Arteriole walls have juxtaglomerular (JG) cells– Enlarged, _

– Have _

– Act as _

Page 13: Figure 25.3b

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)

• – Tall, closely packed distal tubule cells – Lie adjacent to _– Function as chemoreceptors or osmoreceptors

• Mesanglial cells: – Have ______________________________

properties– Influence capillary _

Page 14: Figure 25.3b

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)

Figure 25.6

Page 15: Figure 25.3b

Mechanisms of Urine Formation

• The kidneys filter the body’s _

• The filtrate:– Contains all plasma components _– Loses water, nutrients, and essential ions to

become urine• The urine contains _

Page 16: Figure 25.3b

Mechanisms of Urine Formation

• Urine formation and adjustment of blood composition involves three major processes –

–

– Figure 25.8

Page 17: Figure 25.3b

Glomerular Filtration• The _________________________ is more

efficient than other capillary beds because:– Its filtration membrane is _

– Glomerular _

– It has a higher _

Page 18: Figure 25.3b

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

• The total amount of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys

• Factors governing filtration rate at the capillary bed are:– Total _________________________ available for

filtration– Filtration membrane _–

Page 19: Figure 25.3b

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

• GFR is ___________________________ to the NFP

• Changes in GFR normally result from changes in _

Page 20: Figure 25.3b

Regulation of Glomerular Filtration

• If the GFR is too high:– Needed substances _

• If the GFR is too low:– ____________________________________,

including wastes that are normally disposed of

Page 21: Figure 25.3b

Regulation of Glomerular Filtration

• Three mechanisms control the GFR

– Renal autoregulation _

– Neural controls

– Hormonal mechanism (the __________________________________ system)

Page 22: Figure 25.3b

Intrinsic Controls

• Under normal conditions, renal autoregulation maintains a _____________________________ glomerular filtration rate

Page 23: Figure 25.3b

Extrinsic Controls

• When the _________________________ nervous system is at ________________:

– Renal blood vessels are _

– Autoregulation mechanisms prevail

Page 24: Figure 25.3b

Extrinsic Controls• Under stress:– _______________________ is released by the

sympathetic nervous system– _______________________ is released by the _ – ___________________________________ and

filtration is inhibited • The sympathetic nervous system also

stimulates the renin-angiotensin mechanism

Page 25: Figure 25.3b

Renin-Angiotensin Mechanism

• Is triggered when the JG cells release renin• Renin acts on ___________________________ to

release _• Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin_• Angiotensin II: – Causes mean _ – Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release _

• As a result, both systemic and glomerular hydrostatic pressure rise

Page 26: Figure 25.3b

Renin Release

• Renin release is triggered by:– ___________________________ of the granular

JG cells

– Stimulation of the JG cells by _

– Direct stimulation of the JG cells by _

– Angiotensin _


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