Figure 9.7

ANTIBODYProteins that recognize and bind to antigens.

• A protein on a foreign object that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies.

• A virus, bacteria, toxin, ... that trigger the immune response.

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How can the immunity be acquired?

The injection of a weakened form of a pathogen, dead pathogens, or parts of pathogens to produce immunity is known as vaccination.

The immune system recognizes these pathogens as antigens, and creates millions of plasma cells ready to produce specific types of antibodies.

When the real virus or bacteria infect the body, the immune system responds rapidly creating enough amounts of antibodies to destroy the pathogens. That is why the body does not get sick.

8) Vaccinations play a major role in medicine today. Explain the role of vaccines in the prevention of disease. Your answer must include at least:

a) a description of the contents of a vaccine

b) a description of how a vaccine protects the body from disease

c) one specific reason certain vaccinations are required for students to attend public schools

A vaccine contains weakened , altered or dead microbes

A vaccine stimulates the immune system to react and produce antibodies and memory T cells. In the future, the immune system will “remember” how to make antibodiesagainst a specific antigen.

To keep school children protect from a diseaseTo prevent the spread of diseaseTo prevent an epidemic in school

Discuss the use of antibiotics and vaccines in the treatment and prevention of bacterial diseases. In your answer be sure to include: a) what is in a vaccine

b) how a vaccine promotes immunity

c) one advantage of the use of vaccinations to fight bacterial diseases

d) one disadvantage of the use of antibiotics to fight bacterial diseases

A vaccine contains dead, or weakened microbes or parts of microbes

Exposures to the microbes stimulates production of antibodies and memory cells

Usually, you will not get the diseaseOr vaccinations provide immunity that lasts a long time

Certain bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, antibiotics are useless in fighting off infectious diseases caused by these type of bacteria.Allergies can be caused by antibioticsAntibiotics may cause side effects in the body

Do Now: Complete the flowing chart below.

1. What is a vaccines made of?

2. How a vaccine protects the body from disease?

3. Why certain vaccinations are required for students to attend public schools?