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Research as Intellectual Competence for Sustainable Business Education in Digital
Economy
K.B.C. SaxenaFortune Institute of International Business,
New Delhi21 September 2012
Seminar presentation given to Jaipuria Institute of Management, NOIDA faculty
Do we know as ‘management faculty’, which economy our business environment is in?
• Agrarian economy• Industrial economy• Service economy• Information economy• Experience economy (Pine, 1986)
• Knowledge economy• Attention economy (Davenport, 1998)
• Digital economy (Aldrich, 1997)
Research as Intellectual Competence 2
Digital Economy
An economy based on electronic goods and services produced by an electronic business and
traded through electronic commerce; i.e. a business with electronic production and
management processes and that interacts with its partners and customers and conducts its
transactions through Information Technology.
In this new economy, digital networking and communications infrastructure provide a global platform over which people and organizations
devise strategies, interact, communicate, collaborate and search for information.
High velocity turbulent, hypercompetitive business environment
3Research as Intellectual Competence
Need for Research in Contemporary Environment
• In stable business environments, organisations could afford to respond slowly to changes.
• In today’s high velocity, hypercompetitive digital economy, the organisations need to be adaptive to remain competitive and persist as a business over time.
Research as Intellectual Competence 4
Dynamics of Managing Knowledge in Digital Economy
The faster the rate of change The faster the rate of knowledge obsolescence The faster must be the rate of knowledge creation
Research as Intellectual Competence 5
New knowledge is created by Research!
Research as Intellectual Competence 6
Research (as defined in the context of FIIB)
In FIIB, research is defined as a broad spectrum of intellectual work ranging from academic research (involving new knowledge creation), to applied (practice-oriented) research (involving improving management practices), to pedagogical research (involving creation of new learning methodologies and tools).
Research as Intellectual Competence 7
• Sustaining – it helps sustain people, communities and ecosystems.
• Tenable – it is ethically defensible, working with integrity, justice, respect and inclusiveness.
• Healthy – it is itself a viable system, embodying and nurturing healthy relationships and emergence at different system levels.
• Durable – it works well enough in practice to be able to keep doing it.
Sustainable Business Education
8Research as Intellectual Competence
FIIB as Adaptive Business School
`
Sense
Respond
Learn
9Research as Intellectual Competence
Research Environments
Business
Knowledge
Education
Sense
Sense Sense
Respond
Respond Respond
Learn
Learn Learn
10
Adaptive Research Environments
Research as Intellectual Competence
Research as Intellectual Competence 11
Knowledge Creation
Knowledge Dissemination
Knowledge Impact
Research Value Chain in a Business School
Research Value-adding Cycle
Research as Intellectual Competence 12
Knowledge Creation
Knowledge Dissemination
Knowledge Impact
Research Types, Audiences, Outputs & Impacts
Academic ResearchAudience: academic
peers, research students
Outputs: papers, conf. publications, monographs, dissertations
Impact: journal impact factor, citations, funding support/ awards
Applied ResearchAudience: management
practitioners, consulting clients, students
Outputs: papers/articles, reports/studies, books/monographs
Impact: industry adaptation/best practice, IP creation, consulting practice
Research as Intellectual Competence 13
Pedagogical ResearchAudience: trainers,
students, teachers, MDP participants
Outputs: management cases, business games/simulations, innovative courses
Impact: academic adaptation, IP creation
From Practice-oriented to Academic Research
Research as Intellectual Competence 14
Descriptive Research
(What is going on?)
Descriptive Research – Theory testing(Why is it going on whatever is going on?)
Prescriptive Research – Theory building
(Why is it going on whatever is going on?)
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Asian Management Research Quality
“…most of the research effort has simply scratched the surface, largely limited to simplistic comparisons that provide no insight into underlying processes. The result is a lack of theory development, which in turn leads to low levels of contribution to management research and practice. Questions of similarities and differences – comparative research using both replications and in-study comparisons – have clearly been the dominant concern of researchers focused in Asia. The comparisons, however, are normally benchmarked to US contexts, and they have been largely limited to understanding the differences as opposed to examining the processes that give rise to these differences.”
- White, S. “Skimming the Surface: Rigor and Relevance in Asian Management Research”, INSEAD Working Paper.
Key to Scholarship
Research as Intellectual Competence 16
Observe the phenomenon &
think
Towards Thought-leadershipO A A S
ObserveAnalyse
AnalogiseSynthesise
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Research Opportunity in the Digital Economy
Research as Intellectual Competence 18
Activity
Information
Knowledge
Informate activityInfer/ Learn
from Activity
Apply Knowledge/ Innovate
The LIKA Paradigm of Research at FIIB
Listen
Informate
Knowledgeate
Activate
`
Observe/ contextualise
Infer/ learn
Theorise/ solution design
Apply theory/ solution
19Research as Intellectual Competence
Research comes from Scholars, but where are they?
Research as Intellectual Competence 20
`
Knowledge Acquisition
Knowledge Dissemination
Knowledge Processing
Knowledge Development
Reader
Writer
Processor
Thinker Scholarship
Building FIIB as a Research-based Institution!
Research as Intellectual Competence 21
Depth of Research
Breadth of Research
Pedagogical
Applied
Academic
Few Faculty Members Most Faculty Members
FIIB
Research as Intellectual Competence 22
Engaged Scholarship Framework for Research Growth
Reality
Theory
Model
Solution
Problem Form
ulation
Theory BuildingResearch
Design
Problem SolutionEngage those who experience and know the problem.
Understand context and formulate the problem.
Engage knowledge experts in relevant disciplines.
Create, elaborate and justify a theory by abduction, deduction and induction.
Engage research experts for collaborative/ doctoral research project.
Develop research methodology to study theory.
Engage intended audience to understand and use solution through training/consulting.
Communicate, interpret findings with intended audience.
Using Students for Practice-oriented Research
• Organisational studies as student projects in electives
• Organisational study through Course of Independent Studies (CIS)
• Organisational studies through doctoral students’ supervision
• Use of FIIB as the organisation for study by students
Research as Intellectual Competence 23
Research as Intellectual Contribution• Research and scholarship of a business school faculty in the form of
intellectual contributions are essential to:– Contribute to the advancement of knowledge of management theory,
practice, and/or learning/pedagogy– Ensure intellectual vibrancy across and among faculty members
contributing to the currency and relevancy of management education programs
– Ensure the business school contributes and is an integral part of an academic community of scholars across all disciplines within an institution and in a larger context.
-“Accreditation Standards”, AACSB• Research excellence of a business school contributes to the brand
recognition of the school, to its capacity to attract high quality faculty and good students, to the quality of its programmes, to its capacity to attract funding, and to its ability to provide usable knowledge to its corporate clients.
-Standards & Criteria for Accreditation, EQUIS
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Categories of Intellectual Contributions• Type I activities: Significant intellectual contributions
1. Peer-reviewed international journal paper2. Editorially reviewed international journal article3. Scholarly or practitioner books, text books, or book revision4. Scholarly book chapters
• Type II activities: Major intellectual contributions1. Peer-reviewed national journal paper2. Cases in a refereed journal or published by an international case
clearing house3. Cases in scholarly, practitioner or text-books4. Externally funded (national or international) research grants with
funding of more than reuppes two lakhs5. Articles in proceedings of an academic or professional conference
Research as Intellectual Competence 25
Categories of Intellectual Contributions (cont.)
• Type II activities: Major intellectual contributions (cont.)
6. Instructional software/game, instructional materials such as instructor’s resource manual for text books
7. Paper presentation at an academic or professional conference8. Serving as editor or associate editor for an international peer
reviewed journal• Type III activities: Other intellectual contributions
1. Publicly available material describing the design and implementation of new curricula, new courses, or new teaching methods. Publicly available research working papers; book reviews; published reports on consulting projects
2. Other scholarship products that exist in written form, either electronic or hard copy, and are available for scrutiny by academic peers or practioners: Blogs/blog-posts; leading discussion forums; podcasts, etc.
Research as Intellectual Competence 26
Which topic/domain to study?
Research as Intellectual Competence 27
Start-up
High growth
Mature domain
[High risk, high gain
[Low risk, low gaine.g. Consumer Behaviour, Leadership, Supply Chain Management]
[e.g. digital marketing, crowdsourcing, cloud computing]
e.g. social media processes, business model innovation, business practices engineering]
Getting Funding for Research• Self-support: make it your PhD thesis project.• Seed project – FIIB funding• AICTE funding• International collaboration funding• International agency [EU, UN bodies, etc.] funding
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Seed Research Projects• Seed research projects can be proposed by FIIB
faculty to kick-start new research projects targeted at external research sponsorship.
• The seed research grant would be given on the basis of the merit of the proposal for projects of duration not more than 6 months.
• Seed research grants are mainly for the support of data collection, such as conducting surveys and research-based travelling expenses, research assistant hiring, etc.
Research as Intellectual Competence 29
Research through Centres of Excellence“Excellence is the result of caring more than others think is WISE, risking more than others think is SAFE, dreaming more than others think is PRACTICAL, and expecting more than others think is POSSIBLE.”
-Anonymous
There are two Centres of Excellence at FIIB:1. Sustainability Development Centre (SDC)2. Centre for Service Innovation and Business Agility
(CeSIBA)There is also a practitioner centre:
3. FIIB Case Research Centre (FCRC)
30Research as Intellectual Competence
Centres of Excellence Benefits• Individual Membership• Corporate Membership• Research Collaboration• Sponsored Research• Consulting Projects• Executive Training
31Research as Intellectual Competence
Environment Change(FCRC)
Agility(CeSIBA))
Sustainability(SDC)
Innovation(CeSIBA)
Managing Sustainability at FIIB: Research for Sensing and Design
32Research as Intellectual Competence
Current Key Research Themes
»Sustainability »Open Innovation»Social Media»Business Models»Business Practices
33Research as Intellectual Competence
Sustainability Development Centre (SDC)• Founded in 2011, with a mission to lead the study and
practice of sustainable development in the NCR, the India, and the world through complementary programs of research, education and community outreach.
• The SDC is unique in its integration of diverse interests to develop creative, balanced, achievable solutions to the environmental, economic and social challenges facing the organisations and communities.
• We see the interconnected nature of the ‘sustainability challenge’ as central to SDC’s work – through its projects, interdisciplinary teaching, training and research – to better understand the connection between environment, economic prosperity and social justice.
34Research as Intellectual Competence
SDC’s Key Focus Areas• Business sustainability• Green supply chain management• Green information technology• Green marketing
35Research as Intellectual Competence
Recent Research at SDC• Green supply chain practices in India (Dr Sadia Samar
Ali)• Developing a green IT maturity model (Prof Swanand
Deodhar and Dr KBC Saxena)• Strategic green marketing: Impact of green
marketing on overall corporate strategy in B2B industry (Prof Kalpana Chauhan)
36Research as Intellectual Competence
CeSIBA – A Profile• CeSIBA has been founded to pioneer the study of services
innovativeness and agility for competing globally.• It is established to ideate, design and nurture innovation in
services, often with a view to improve business agility in public, private as well as social sectors.
• With one foot firmly anchored in sound academic thinking and the other in business world practicality, CeSIBA combines the latest advances from the academic world with the best of business strategies.
37Research as Intellectual Competence
Key Focus of CeSIBA• Key focus of CeSIBA is leadership in service innovation. The
Centre adopts a multi-disciplinary perspective on the management of innovation.
• CeSIBA creates an academic environment and knowledge network that supports service innovation research.
• CeSIBA develops new opportunities for doctoral students to enhance their competencies in the process of analyzing, understanding and implementing service innovations in public, ptivate and social sector organizations.
• Through research and executive education CeSIBA fcilitates executives and managersn in service organisations in their ambitions to become more effective in their innovation processes and create new valuable services for their stakeholders.
Research as Intellectual Competence 38
CeSIBA’s Research & Consulting Themes
• Business and service process innovation• Sustainable/green business process management• Reinventing business practices• Co-creation and open innovation processes• Social media processes• Business model innovations
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CeSIBA’s Collaborating Institutions
• Center for Research on Information, Customer & Innovation Management, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
• INPAQT, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Research as Intellectual Competence 40
Publishing Research• Researchers are expected to publish the findings of their
research with full responsibility and with an awareness of the consequences of any such dissemination in the public realm.
• Researchers should make every effort to ensure their research findings are peer reviewed before it is published or disseminated. If research is placed in the public realm before any peer review has been undertaken, this must be made clear by the researcher.
• Researchers should acknowledge all fellow research collaborators and all sources of funding openly in any publication or publicity.
Research as Intellectual Competence 41
Best Researcher Award• Aim: The aim of the Best Researcher Award is to
facilitate the FIIB’s objective of building research capability among FIIB faculty and building FIIB’s reputation for quality research.
• Frequency and Number of Awards: The Best Researcher Award is an annual award. There is only one award at FIIB, New Delhi.
• Amount: Rupees 75,000 each award, subject to availability of funds.
Research as Intellectual Competence 42
Good luck for our research
Research as Intellectual Competence 43
Research output/ impact
Research as Intellectual Competence44
Questions?