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File System Hierarchy Srikant Ritolia +91-9886579971 [email protected] Linux Users Group, Manipal October 17, 2010
File System Hierarchy
Srikant Ritolia+91-9886579971
Linux Users Group, Manipal
October 17, 2010
Index1 Origin2 File System Definition3 File System Hierarchy Definition4 Flow Chart5 /bin6 /boot7 /dev8 /etc9 /home10 /media11 /mnt12 /opt13 /root14 /proc15 /sbin16 /tmp17 /usr18 /var
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 2 / 20
What is File System
Method of storing and organizing computer files and their data.
Essentially, it organizes these files into a database for the storage,organization, manipulation, and retrieval by the computer’s operatingsystem.
Eg:- fat, ntfs, ext4, ext3.......
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 3 / 20
What is File System
Method of storing and organizing computer files and their data.
Essentially, it organizes these files into a database for the storage,organization, manipulation, and retrieval by the computer’s operatingsystem.
Eg:- fat, ntfs, ext4, ext3.......
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 3 / 20
What is File System
Method of storing and organizing computer files and their data.
Essentially, it organizes these files into a database for the storage,organization, manipulation, and retrieval by the computer’s operatingsystem.
Eg:- fat, ntfs, ext4, ext3.......
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 3 / 20
What is file system hierarchy
To put it simply, it can be visualized as a tree with its roots and all.
At the top of the hierarchy is invariably the root path which isrepresented by ’/’.
All other directories are created beneath this root path in linux.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 4 / 20
What is file system hierarchy
To put it simply, it can be visualized as a tree with its roots and all.
At the top of the hierarchy is invariably the root path which isrepresented by ’/’.
All other directories are created beneath this root path in linux.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 4 / 20
What is file system hierarchy
To put it simply, it can be visualized as a tree with its roots and all.
At the top of the hierarchy is invariably the root path which isrepresented by ’/’.
All other directories are created beneath this root path in linux.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 4 / 20
Flow Chart
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 5 / 20
/bin
Bin stands for binary.
Contains the useful command which are used by everyone in terminal.
Contains shells like bash, csh etc as well as much used commands likecp, mv, rm, cat, ls.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 6 / 20
/bin
Bin stands for binary.
Contains the useful command which are used by everyone in terminal.
Contains shells like bash, csh etc as well as much used commands likecp, mv, rm, cat, ls.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 6 / 20
/bin
Bin stands for binary.
Contains the useful command which are used by everyone in terminal.
Contains shells like bash, csh etc as well as much used commands likecp, mv, rm, cat, ls.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 6 / 20
/boot
Contains the boot loader files.
Grub and linux kernel.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 7 / 20
/boot
Contains the boot loader files.
Grub and linux kernel.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 7 / 20
/dev
Stands for devices.
Highlights one important characteristic of the Linux filesystem -everything is a file or a directory.
No real subfolder.
When you first boot up ur computer it detects your hardware andplace folder and files representing your hardware in the dev directory.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 8 / 20
/dev
Stands for devices.
Highlights one important characteristic of the Linux filesystem -everything is a file or a directory.
No real subfolder.
When you first boot up ur computer it detects your hardware andplace folder and files representing your hardware in the dev directory.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 8 / 20
/dev
Stands for devices.
Highlights one important characteristic of the Linux filesystem -everything is a file or a directory.
No real subfolder.
When you first boot up ur computer it detects your hardware andplace folder and files representing your hardware in the dev directory.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 8 / 20
/dev
Stands for devices.
Highlights one important characteristic of the Linux filesystem -everything is a file or a directory.
No real subfolder.
When you first boot up ur computer it detects your hardware andplace folder and files representing your hardware in the dev directory.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 8 / 20
/etc
Configuration files get stored.
More importantly, the /etc/rc.d directory contains the system startupscripts.
This is a good directory to backup often. Saves lot of re-configurationlater if you re-install or lose your current installation.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 9 / 20
/etc
Configuration files get stored.
More importantly, the /etc/rc.d directory contains the system startupscripts.
This is a good directory to backup often. Saves lot of re-configurationlater if you re-install or lose your current installation.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 9 / 20
/etc
Configuration files get stored.
More importantly, the /etc/rc.d directory contains the system startupscripts.
This is a good directory to backup often. Saves lot of re-configurationlater if you re-install or lose your current installation.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 9 / 20
/home
Linux is a multi-user environment so each user is also assigned aspecific directory which is accessible only to them and the systemadministrator.
containing saved files, personal settings, etc.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 10 / 20
/home
Linux is a multi-user environment so each user is also assigned aspecific directory which is accessible only to them and the systemadministrator.
containing saved files, personal settings, etc.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 10 / 20
/media
Mount point for removable disk like CDROM, pendrive.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 11 / 20
/mnt
Mount point for temporary mounted file system.
Mounting is the process by which you make a filesystem available tothe system.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 12 / 20
/mnt
Mount point for temporary mounted file system.
Mounting is the process by which you make a filesystem available tothe system.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 12 / 20
/opt
This directory contains all the software and add-on packages that arenot part of the default installation.
Again, this directory is not used very often as it’s mostly a standard inUnix installations.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 13 / 20
/opt
This directory contains all the software and add-on packages that arenot part of the default installation.
Again, this directory is not used very often as it’s mostly a standard inUnix installations.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 13 / 20
/root
We talked about user home directories earlier and well this one is thehome directory of the user root.
Not to be confused with the system root.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 14 / 20
/root
We talked about user home directories earlier and well this one is thehome directory of the user root.
Not to be confused with the system root.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 14 / 20
/proc
pseudo file system residing in the virtual memory.
maintains highly dynamic data on the state of your operating system.
a new /proc file system is created every time your Linux machinereboots.
Everything regarding your hardware like bluetooth, different slots, busetc. is stored in it.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 15 / 20
/proc
pseudo file system residing in the virtual memory.
maintains highly dynamic data on the state of your operating system.
a new /proc file system is created every time your Linux machinereboots.
Everything regarding your hardware like bluetooth, different slots, busetc. is stored in it.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 15 / 20
/proc
pseudo file system residing in the virtual memory.
maintains highly dynamic data on the state of your operating system.
a new /proc file system is created every time your Linux machinereboots.
Everything regarding your hardware like bluetooth, different slots, busetc. is stored in it.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 15 / 20
/proc
pseudo file system residing in the virtual memory.
maintains highly dynamic data on the state of your operating system.
a new /proc file system is created every time your Linux machinereboots.
Everything regarding your hardware like bluetooth, different slots, busetc. is stored in it.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 15 / 20
/sbin
Contains binary (executable) files, usually for system administration.
This directory contains all the binaries that are essential to theworking of the system.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 16 / 20
/sbin
Contains binary (executable) files, usually for system administration.
This directory contains all the binaries that are essential to theworking of the system.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 16 / 20
/tmp
This directory contains mostly files that are required temporarily.
This directory is cleared out at boot or at shutdown.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 17 / 20
/tmp
This directory contains mostly files that are required temporarily.
This directory is cleared out at boot or at shutdown.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 17 / 20
/usr
Unix System Resources
Lot of subdirectories
Shared data, library, binary, application will be located.
Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data; contains the majority of(multi-)user utilities and applications.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 18 / 20
/usr
Unix System Resources
Lot of subdirectories
Shared data, library, binary, application will be located.
Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data; contains the majority of(multi-)user utilities and applications.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 18 / 20
/usr
Unix System Resources
Lot of subdirectories
Shared data, library, binary, application will be located.
Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data; contains the majority of(multi-)user utilities and applications.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 18 / 20
/usr
Unix System Resources
Lot of subdirectories
Shared data, library, binary, application will be located.
Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data; contains the majority of(multi-)user utilities and applications.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 18 / 20
/var
Variable files whose content is expected to continually change duringnormal operation of the systemsuch as logs, spool files, andtemporary e-mail files. Sometimes a separate partition.
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 19 / 20
Thank You!!!
Srikant Ritolia (LUG Manipal) File System Hierarchy October 17, 2010 20 / 20
