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Intelligent Technology

A STUDY OF INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY (IT)

IN THE HOTEL ENERGY SAVINGBy

Student Name: Kwong Kam Ho

Student No.: 169059475

A final year project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the

Regulations for the award of BEngg（Honours）In Electronic and Electrical Engineering

At the University of Sunderland

March 2018

I


Abstract

The speedy development in the economy of China leads to a rapid growth in travel and

tourism industry. In tourism industry, hospitality is a significant part and progressively

plays a vital role. Daily operation of hotel services consumes an enormous amount of

energy. Therefore it is important to update the facilities and equipment of the hotel by

least intelligent techniques to refine the services of hotel management and conserve

energy. In this report, we focus on the importance of energy utilization by application of

intelligent techniques in the hotel and review the requirement on the usage of intelligent

skills of hotel management in electricity saving, based on, an intelligent system designed

as corresponding to hotel construction with its service trait and function. This report

discusses the energy-saving guest room structure, HVAC system, drainage system,

intelligent control, and lighting system for customer room arrangement and management

in an intelligent hotel. The topology communication network and the connection of

parallel distributed matrix in each-room of system Room Control Unit (RCU) in customer

room controller, along structure-of the prime controller LPC11C14 with its energy supply

module, peripheral circuit, communication module, output and input module, etc..

Software of system can identify the communication into RCU computer and Host, and

configure for guest room system open network of communication module and -Real-time

communication control system.

II


AcknowledgementsI would like to express my deep appreciation to my final year project. I would like to

thank my supervisor Mr. Derek Kwok for providing regular meetings, advice, support and

excellent guidance for completion of this dissertation. I am grateful to my family for their

support and encouragement to over the years.

III


Table of ContentsContents

Abstract..............................................................................................................................II

Acknowledgements............................................................................................................III

Table of Contents...............................................................................................................IV

List of Figures....................................................................................................................VI

List of Tables...................................................................................................................VIII

Chapter 1: Introduction........................................................................................................1

1.1 Background......................................................................................................1

1.2 Aims and Objectives........................................................................................1

Chapter 2: Literature review.............................................................................................2-4

Chapter 3: Methodology...................................................................................................5-7

Chapter 4: Demand examination of IT in hotel................................................................8-9

Energy conservation

Chapter 5: Hotel’s rooms intelligent structure of power saving management..............10-40

5.1 Guest rooms intelligent business system hardware design.............................10-22

5.1.1 Functions of client room controller

5.1.2 Energy module

5.1.3 Initial Prototype

5.1.4 Output protocol

5.1.5 The Communication subsystem

5.1.6 Other circuits

5.1.7 Time intervals

5.1.8 Multistage watchdog

5.2 Guest room management systems software development..............................22-23

5.2.1 The Software development

5.2.2 The Input scan

5.2.3The Execute output

5.3 The Interface protocol.....................................................................................23-27

IV


5.3.1 The CAN communication protocol

5.4 Data storage....................................................................................................27-28

5.5 Debugging System..........................................................................................28-36

Debugging process.........................................................................................29-36

5.5.1 Hardware Debugging

5.5.2 Software Debugging

5.6 The Client Software (Client Computing)........................................................36-37

System structure and function.............................................................................37

5.7 Structure purpose............................................................................................37-40

5.7.1 Night light

5.7.2 Right and left bed light

5.7.3 Room card reading and room access

5.7.4 Air conditioner temperature controller

Chapter 6: Hotel power saving intelligent technology application....................................41

6.1 HVAC system’s power saving control...........................................................41-44

6.1.1 Refrigeration unit’s power saving control

6.1.2 Chilled water pump’s power saving control

6.1.3 Cooling tower’s power saving control

6.1.4 Air handling unit’s power saving control

6.1.5The Fan coil unit & fresh air handling unit’s power saving control

6.1.6 Guest room system power saving control

6.2 Lighting control..............................................................................................45-47

6.2.1 Window status inspection and room curtain control

6.2.2 Air conditioning control of room

6.2.3 Lighting system’s power saving control

6.4 Power saving control of drainage system and drainage system...........................47

Chapter 7: Results & Analysis.....................................................................................48-56

Energy Cost..................................................................................................48-52

Questions & Survey results............................................................................52-56

Chapter 8: Conclusion..................................................................................................56-58

V


References.....................................................................................................................59-62

List of FiguresFigure Description Page

3.1 MPM basic diagram 11

3.2 Power module circuit diagram 11

3.3 DC-DC power conversation modules 13

3.4 AC- DC power module 13

3.5 Input extended circuit diagram 14

3.6 Output expansion circuit 15

3.7 2803 drive relay circuit diagram 16

3.8 CAN Bus 17

3.9 RS485 bus interface 18

3.10 External Clock circuit 19

3.11 Power supply for external clock circuit 19

3.12 Watchdog and CPU share a common clock signals 20

3.13 External watchdog circuit 21

3.14 Hardware debugging 30

3.15 System circuit board 30

3.16 Lower circuit board 31

3.17 Power module circuit board 31

3.18 Power module structure 32

3.19 CAN bus communication indicator 33

3.20 System Debugging 34

3.21 Keil program burning interface 35

3.22 Air conditioning thermostat display 35

3.23 LCD display interface 36

3.24 Client Computing 36

3.25 HVAC System 41

3.26 Air Handling Unit 43

VI


3.27 Fan Coil Unit 44

3.27 Energy consumption by end-use for a standard hotel 49

3.28 Summary of Monitoring Period Energy Analysis at Hotel 51

3.29 Energy efficiency rating for different types of hotels 56

VII


List of TablesFigure Description Page

3.1 Address frame format 24

3.2 The online module query instruction format 24

3.3 Product sequence number instruction format 25

3.4 Mode of communication change of module communication 25

VIII


Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Background

Hotel is a commercial organization that provides accommodation, meals and others

services for tourists and travelers. The major focus of hotel management is to provide a

comfortable living space with minimal cost. In order to increase economic efficiency of a

hotel, hotel owners need to extend huge business projects, increase passengers flow and

subdivided categories, by other hand, daily services of the hotel shall be checked to

minimize costs (Wang et al., 2014). Moreover, energy disbursement and human cost

constitutes a significant-component of the operational cost of a hotel. In general, hotel

energy consumption is more than 1 million 300 thousand KH i.e. Kilowatt-hours with

minimum 1 million five hundred-kilowatt hours according to authoritative statistical data.

The power consumption of 5-star hotel is even more significant. Generally, air

conditioning systems consume the largest amount of energy in a hotel, followed by hot

water service and lighting consumption (Luo et al., 2012).

1.2 Aims and Objectives

This article focuses on the energy consumption of a hotel. It aims to provide the latest

view of the global status trend and to introduce environmentally friendly and renewable

measures to manage a hotel. Emphasizing the necessity for use of the renewable energy

or technologies, lighting and heating as well as passive cooling strategies are used to meet

the complicated energy needs of hotel buildings as well as other facilities (Lu et al.,

2014). Researches show that the progress and procedure of the sustainable hotels require

the nearby and regular cooperation of architects, space planners, construction and service

engineers, mechanical systems engineers and multidisciplinary experts such as

environment and engineers. Marketing experts, preferably in the design and forecasting

stage, are also required for a well-planned, considered and functioned hotel facility that

provide considerable environmental too socio-cultural benefits and sustainable business

opportunities (Liu and Huang, 2011).

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Chapter 2: Literature review

Accordingly, to the Global Tourism Advisory Committee, 11% of global GDP comes

from single of the largest tourism trades in world (Wang, 2012). 200 million occupations

have been created globally. According to the China Environment Project, tourism is an

important part of the tourism industry. According to the World Leisure industry, as an

important part of the tourism industry, the hotel commerce has its individual reasons for

environmental protection for the reason that it is unique from the main resources of the

industry. Most hotels are addicted to many environmental practices and cannot be

inspected by any particular organization (Hu, Guo and Wang, 2013). Therefore, this

industry must take self-regulatory apparatuses, such as internal environmental audits, the

implementation of environmental management scheme and some gentle of ecological

authorization. Supportable tourism is an attendant to using resources to meet the

economic, aesthetics well as social needs. It inspires the management of entirely

resources to meet the needs of the economy, society and aesthetics while promoting the

conservation of cultural, biological diversity, ecological along with life care systems. The

academic literature was extensively reviewed, highlighting the experience of hotel guests,

in particular identifying the facilities most valued by guests as well as the worth of

sustainability too the value of "going green" toward guests also hoteliers (Yang and

Zhang, 2011). It seems that to time, rare studies have attentive narrowly on the

establishing the connection between customer comfort and customer satisfaction, as well

as on the energy effectiveness as per hotel sustainability. Literature shows that in

assessing their stay, guests give priority to clean, quiet and welcoming service. Guests

will not be able to tell when staying in the room through an energy-proficient TV

otherwise lighting upgrade (Alidadi and Zadeh, 2016). In addition, in an exercise of

guests who prioritized green accommodation, the organization by the strongest green

stays believes that the main assistances of choosing green housing are savings besides

improved ecological quality. From a hotel management point of view, a sustainable

improvement is necessary.

Though, one study shows that management often does not understand the economic

assistances of sustainability procedures, which creates barriers to application. In this

examination, discovering the benefits of a national "green hotel" guarantee program

confirms that package like this would be also expensive too time consuming. Though,

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further enhancements and the awareness of hotel use of green practices will benefit the

country (Hananto, 2016).

Environmental managing in the lodging area started more than half a period ago because

many studies are focused on this matter. Studies of hotels in Sweden and Poland have

shown that most hotel operators (95%) have expressed a serious concern about the

environment, giving priority to the environmental issues on the national equable (Mi,

2013). In a study of the China hotel industry, 94% of the hotel executives were found

toward has taken closely forms of environmental action in the supervision and the

operation of hotels. However, although some hotels focus on environmental management

matters, it is recommended that hotel departments "show a difference in environmentally

sound willingness and action" then "the challenge is that enterprises adopt an

environmentally friendly approach." Although many hotels might show an attention in the

environment, only a rare hotel conduct the formal environmental inspections because

several managers possibly will still operate "in an old-world mindset" that does not

consider environmental values (Rosy and Ponnusamy, 2014). Therefore, the

worldwide trend is the encourage guesthouses to adopt a green approach and more and

more hotels are beginning to implement environmental practices in addition

environmental policies. The greatest common areas of action for sustainable

environmental practices include the energy conservation, waste management, and water

conservation. Considering that tourism accounts for 21% of the total carbon dioxide

emissions from tourism, the accommodation part has been recognized as a significant

sector for tourism to improve energy consumption (Shen, 2013). Research confirms

that guesthouses are related with the major energy consumption compared to wholly other

accommodations else those hotel sector CO2 emissions could grow 170% in 2035. As a

result, the huge growing in the hospitality industry has greatly exaggerated the

environment on the global level also the sector's particular impact on over-consumption

of the energy. The reduction in hotel energy consumption can significantly diminish

carbon emissions, thereby reducing the negative impact of greenhouse gas emissions on

the industry.

3


Chapter 3: Methodology

The report is studied through literature reviews as well as expert interviews. Literature

reviews include reports, articles and the case studies. Interviewed experts include utility

project managers, smart technology constructors and intelligent building experts. We

develop our conclusions and recommendations based on the reported data, statistics,

facts, as well as anecdotal evidence (Yang, 2013). Our research focuses on current

commercial buildings, together with offices, retail, education, laboratories, healthcare and

hotels. Do not emphasize new residential and commercial buildings. Multi-family

buildings are not clearly included in the space of this article, but numerous of energy-

saving advantages of intelligent buildings can be applied to the public areas of multi-

family homes. Our study examines a large number of occupied buildings, so does not

include data centres as well as warehouses. Although large-scale hotel buildings account

for only 2% of the commercial buildings in China, they account for closely 35 percent of

the total floor area of commercial buildings in China and are more possibly to be

equipped with intelligent building know-how components than small-scale buildings.

Nevertheless, we place more emphasis on the small as well as medium-sized buildings as

they signify nearly 98 percent of commercial buildings in China, often lacking intelligent

building technology; they consequently represent a great opportunity.

The scope of this article is for the entire hotels of China, including half of the buildings

over the age of 35 and the half of new hotel buildings (built since 1980). The age of the

building is closely related to the type of construction and the equipment installed, which

has an impact on the type of building information which can be gathered in addition on

the procedures, which can become smart. Every U.S. area is involved in our study

Control of Temperature Using PID Controller. (2015). International Journal of Science

and Research (IJSR), 5(5), pp.1203-1206. South has largest commercial buildings (about

40% of entire stock), although the western and central and western regions. The hotels

counted in the examination are selected based on the 1-star - 5-star hotel rating as

assessed by the China Tourism Rating Board (TGCC). The study identified an overall

142-star accommodation facility. The study included a survey of all-star hotels, so a

whole of 142 hotel managers. The study obtained the response rate of the 60 hotels.

Starting from this complex background, this study proposes a method that combines

energy efficiency post-occupancy assessment with the occupant's attitude assessment in

4


order to formulate energy-saving operating strategies for complex existing buildings. The

survey criteria include the belief that construction services and hotspot functions are often

far from predicting during the design phase, especially in complex multi-purpose

buildings where such buildings are highly subject to highly varying attitudes [27]. Only

equipment commissioning is not sufficient to guarantee the best energy efficiency

potential and residents' satisfaction. In addition, even if continuous commissioning is a

strategic procedure to maintain the correct functioning of HVAC equipment, only

technical monitoring is still insufficient to address the maximum potential for energy

savings while maintaining passenger satisfaction. Therefore, the needs of residents and

the schedule of their activities should be taken into account. Based on the effective

construction requirements during their useful life, the interactive post-residential control

procedures are elaborated.

The "Intelligent Building Design Standard" (GB / T50314-2006) defines intelligent

buildings as "building platforms, facilities and information systems, information

applications systems, construction equipment management systems, public security

system structures, systems, services, etc. The combination of management and

optimization is Integrate, provide safe, efficient, convenient, energy-saving,

environmental protection and healthy building environment. Through the comprehensive

application of advanced technologies such as computer technology, information

technology, communication technology, automatic control technology and construction

technology, automatic monitoring and efficient management of construction equipment

can be realized. , Reduce building energy consumption, improve building comfort, etc.

The formula for calculating the cooling load of energy saving system is:

6.3/tstrCQ

In the formula: Q for hourly energy saving system kW ; C for the specific heat

capacity of water CkgkJ o/ ; for the quality of frozen water flow; hkg / ’ trts、

,respectively, chilled water supply and backwater flow.

A survey is conducted to measure how application of Intelligent Technology used in the

Hotel Energy Saving. Conduct surveys to measure the application of smart technologies

in hotel energy conservation. By collecting all the data and organizing the main results,

this proposed survey enables us to understand: (i) a general understanding of the

5


characteristics of the thermoacoustic lighting in the space with the most visited hotels; (ii)

possible dissatisfaction and related causes; (iv) The main activities used by each

participant.

6


Chapter 4: Demand examination of IT in hotel

Energy conservation

The "Intelligent Building structure Standards" (GB - T50314-2006) promulgated by

China defines intelligent buildings as building platforms, and information system skills,

information utilization systems public security systems and building management

systems. It occluded structure, service, system, and management to capitalize efficient,

acceptable, secure, power saving, environment-friendly and healthy building atmosphere

for people (An Energy Efficient WSN through Watchdog Optimization, 2016). From the

beginning to the end the comprehensive usage of advanced technologies such as

computer techniques, information skills, automatic control techniques, communication

technology, and construction technology, it can realize effective management and

automatic monitoring of construction tools, cut down building power consumption and

enhance building comfort. The status of the hotel operations and the status quo analysis,

hotel business in the usage of intelligent techniques requires the following features.

Firstly, provide a guest with quality services are basic requirements of hotel (Rasool et

al., 2013). To assure customer satisfaction with the important services, the hotel must

have excellent personal, efficient and convenient services. Therefore, the use of

intelligent techniques can meet requirement of different levels of customers, improve

customer satisfaction with hotel services, and continuously improve the hotel's economic

benefits. Secondly, the use of intelligent skills in hotel business can notice the rational use

of human resource cost, which can reduce employment and improve service efficiency;

decrease human resources cost and reduce the operation of hotel. Thirdly, the uses of

intelligent skills can minimize power consumption and assure that the hotel business

system has energy-saving intelligence techniques to control humidity, brightness, time,

temperature and speed, which can successfully decrease useless power consumption in

hotel operation, which stay away from wasting reservoir. Fourth, use of intelligent skills

can improve the security of hotel business should be an intelligent system. The universal

intelligent system has a high-security system (Enhanced Retreat of Cloud Storage Data

users by Using Improved Data Access Control Scheme for Multi-Authority Cloud

Storage, 2015).

7


Current hotel energy demand

8


Chapter 5: Hotel’s rooms intelligent structure of power saving

management

5.1 Guest rooms intelligent business system hardware design

5.1.1 Functions of client room controller

Hardware system includes a main controller, the power module, the input module, the

output module, the communication module etc (Ma et al., 2008). It has a watchdog circuit

and external clock. Main controller structure uses NXP products& LPC11C14.

LPC11C14 is a32-bit of microcontroller based on ARMCortex-M0 designed for highly

integrated and less power; embedded applications have the following virtues: Highest

operating frequency;

Working range of the crystal oscillator is 1 to 25;

PLL does not need to use maximum frequency crystal, RC and internal oscillator

Enables CPU to run at maximum CPU speed;

Up to 8kB of 32kB on the chip static RAM and Flash the program memory.

5.1.2 Energy module

Circuit of room controller parted in three parts. First part controlled power and coil chip

relay for arranging DC power. Second part for the system output module and input chip,

peripherals & 3.3 step down the circuits to arrange DC power (Wang and Chen, 2004).

Third part has the primary controller 3.3 and the chip peripheral circuit, which supply DC

power. The energy module circuit depicted in figure 3.2 and in the figure; the basic figure

of the power module is represented:

9


Figure 3.1 MPM basic diagrams

Power module ICs integrate the PWM controller, inductor, power MOSFETs and passive

components into one small package for high-efficiency power conversion. With only a

few input and output caps needed to build a complete power supply, power module ICs

make the design of power supply simple and easy. By using power modules to power

various rails with less PCB area, system designers can develop compact electronic

products with small factors or add more features to the products with the same size.

Faster time to market for new product development can also achieve as system designers

free themselves from complex power, supply design and focus on implementing critical

features related to product value.

Figure 3.2 Circuit of Power module

This system shows, the 12V energy supply is supply directly from the 220-supply

switching energy, supply to 12 will be reduced 5V & 3.3 DC power supply regulated

energy supply through buck-down chip to provide the voltage to stabilize the entire

system. This series of series, 12-way power supply from the 220-way switching energy

10


supply directly to 12, 12-way power supply through the buck chip into 5 & 3.3 DC power

supply in order to provide stable system for the entire voltage. National Semiconductor

produces the chips. Highest output current to 3A, maximum initial voltage of 37V,

conversion efficiency of up to 75% -88%. Device has a 150 set frequency oscillator

and1.23 reference the regulator. This has current limit and thermal switching circuits, so it

protects circuit well. External circuit only needs four parts will not adjusted. Under

effective regulator circuit which clearly simplifies circuit design. Circuit connection

depicted in Figure 3.3 below.

11


Figure 3.3 DC-to-DC power conversation modules

12V to 5V is 5V energy supply, and output of power circuit combined. After module is

appended, function of different module can protect. If the instantaneous current of input

switch is large.

Figure 3.4 AC DC power modules

5.1.3 Initial Prototype

Each room lights control switch and magnetic induction, cleaning and electrical switches

etc. are through information input protocol into the main controller. As modern hotel and

more internal facilities, enter a large amount of information. Need to expand controller’s

input module. Design extends customer controller input via 74 Series 74HC373.

The 74HC373 is a 3-state in 8D transparent the latch that is highest speed COMS I / O

12


input & output device. There are eight identical D-type (three same states) latches

controlled by both ends: 3 states allow control end (OE) and the latch enable end the

control (LE).Input extension of the circuit depicted in Figure 3.5 below.

Figure 3.5 Input extended circuit diagram

5.1.4 Output protocol

Room controller output module by controlling the relay to control room lamps, motors,

sockets, curtains and other electrical tools working condition. The main controller's

output is fed to the opt coupler through the expansion port and to Darlington UNL2803

driver. In Darlington tube gain for the control drive relay, the relay coil pull, the display is

working properly external devices work. To ensure system is power on, complete the

relay control of coil has off. In design, 74HC273 is use as an output expansion. Output

expansion of circuit is depicting in Figure 3.6. 74HC273 is the 8-channel in D flip-flop

along 8-channels edge flip-flop and CMOS device along high speed with independent D-

input and Q-output. The 74HC273 Universal Clock (CP) & Master Reset terminals can

read & reset all triggers simultaneously. The input to each D remains in the state of clock

pulse during rising edge in period before it has ready for transmission to output of flip-

flop. Once MR input level is low. Entire outputs can forced back low, independent of

clock or input of data [12].

13


Figure 3.6 Circuit output expansion

ULN2803 is eight-channel NPN Darlington transistor array ideal for interacting with

voltage requirements, higher current and low-level circuit. Circuit design of relay is

present in the Figure 3.7.

14


Figure 3.7 2803 drive relay the circuit diagram

5.1.5 The Communication subsystem

Communication subsystems compelled for real-time communion amidst lower and upper

computer. An upper computer compiles information data of lower computer and sends the

control command indirectly to control function & equipment room of the passenger.

A. C A N Bus

CAN bus

The Controller area bus is also used as Fieldbus in general automation environment,

primarily due to the low cost of some CAN controller and processors. The key to this

system is choosing a suitable communications bus. The choice of bus communication not

only to meet system response time, data volume, reliability, stability and other factors but

also consider the product cost factors and user costs, so choose the CAN bus.

15


Figure 3.8 CAN Bus

In this theory, CAN bus connect with many nodes & number is not limited. In addition, at

the same time, it has a strong error correction ability to support differential receiver. This

is capable of wide interference environment, transmission distance. Differentiate with the

usual communication bus, CAN bus data communication with flexibility, real-time and

high reliability.

B. Interface design and Communication mode selection

As the hotel control system requires transmission distance, the connection also uses a star

connection. At same time, system also require to achieve stability & real-time. As part in

equipment maintenance, entire other equipment has maintain normal working operation.

(23) So, communication among upper computer &lower computer adopts CAN the bus

communication method. The LPC11C14 has a CAN 2.0 B controller above the chip,

eliminating the need for a separate design of the peripheral circuitry of the CAN interface.

The air-conditioning thermostat and room controller using RS485 communication

methods, the need to design RS485 interface and design electric circuit shown in figure

3.9

16


Figure 3.9 RS485 bus interface

RS485 interface choose PIO1-5 SP3485 figure as primary controller pins, RXD and TXD

of SP3485 simply connected to head controller LPC11C14

5.1.6 Other circuits

Further circuits on periphery of system involve an external watchdog circuit and external

clock circuit.

A. Circuit of Eternal clock

The main function of RTC i.e. clocking real time is verbal information and record time.

Clock function has to design to display time on control panel, let the client know current

time for arranging trip, as not delay work or journey. The External clock selects clock

chip to interface needs can reduce chip selection. The design uses DS1302, a drop-on the

clock chip introduced through Dallas Semiconductor.

17


Figure3.10 External Clock circuit

When the room control power system requires that the main power of the system is turn

off, system clock & port data information is still be hidden operation. According to

maintain the stability of clock oscillator, main energy supply, and auxiliary battery power

supply for clock circuit. The specific circuit is representing in figure:

Figure3.11 Power supply for external clock of circuit

18


B. Watchdog

The action of restarting the guard dog clock is for the most part alluded to "kicking pooch

"friendlier "pet canine" or "stroke puppy", and another comparative term; it is regularly

finished with keeping in touch with guard dog port (Wang and Chen, 2004). In

microcontrollers, which have a guard dog clock, the guard dog is few times kicked by

executing a machine dialect unique direction. (Clear clock) direction discovers in the

guideline set in PIC controller this CLRWDT. PCs that are working framework is for the

most part summoned through a gadget driver. The Linux working project framework will

kick guard dog by interfacing with guard dog driver, by composing zero characters to the

guard dog (Ma et al., 2008). Gadget driver, that serves dynamic guard dog equipment by

customer space programs, is utilized to figure time-out length, stop, and begin clock.

Guard dog clocks use in the numerous designs, and enable the setups to change.

Microcontrollers frequently alongside an incorporated, on-chip guard dog. Different PCs,

the guard dog can dwell in the adjacent chip, which associates straightforwardly from

CPU, and it can be put on an outer card of PC's skeleton. Guard dog and the CPU can

share normal clock flag, portrayed in square chart 3.12, or they would independent be

able to clock signals.

Figure3.12 The watchdog and CPU share a common clock signals

5.1.7 Time intervals

Watchdog clocks can have settled or the programmable time term. A couple of guard dog

clocks allow time interim program by choosing among couple of selectable esteems.

Others, the length can design by the self-assertive esteems (Ozgener, Hepbasli and

19


Dincer, 2007). The scope of Watchdog time interim is ten milliseconds n minute. In

multistage guard dog, the individual clock can have its own opportunity interim.

5.1.8 Multistage watchdog

Numerous clocks are fell to plan the multistage guard dog clock, and every clock is

alluded the clock organize and essentially the stage. In multistage watchdog, the

processor kicks the primary stage as it were. In the primary phase of the timeout, remedial

activity can start. The following phase of the course is started (Pojasek, 2008). Each

consequent advance circumstances out triggers restorative activity has begun following

stage. In the last phase of the timeout, restorative activity is started and no other stage is

started because the finish of course has reached. Circuit configuration is spoken to in

figure 3.13.

Figure 3.13 external watchdog circuits

Watchdog circuit selection US trusted product MAX706S. In addition, can monitor

energy supply voltage system and working status is main controller. Addition, design

shows, reset switch & widow terminal is connected to the MR terminal on same time

(97/03431 Survey of building and energy management systems user perceptions, 1997).

20


5.2 Guest room management systems software development

5.2.1 The Software development

Hotel room controller the software development method using Kiel uVision4.0 integrated

the development software. This KeiluVision4.0 supports 51 the single chip of

microcomputer &ARM chip. Interface with Microsoft VC ++ similar, easy in operate

&easy to read and easy to use. It combines editing, simulation and another function, Can

directly show program directly into chip (Lucas, 2009).

Software development

Software processes have a primary role in helping task teams in case of software

development management and they can use same sound practices. These processes can

combine requirement for rigor. Process improvement investment has various business

profits i.e. develop product quality, minimize time market, improve productivity, extend

organizational customer satisfaction and flexibility (Sun and Lee, 2018).

5.2.2 The Input scan

Scan input represents in Figure. After system initialization, execute scan input. If system

does not scan for any updated information (no switching input), the jitter delay cleared at

that time.

21


Scan process

5.2.3 The Execute output

The system has the capability to perform output, execute the flowchart. When last output

is not executed, system cannot execute new output. If last output executed, system cannot

able to execute output until last output is completed (Chen and Venkataramani, 2016).

5.3 The Interface protocol

This protocol has to main two parts: CAN communication and RS232 communication in

the RS232 communication module protocol andRS232 interface among the

communication module protocol is main interface among the system communication and

external in the communication (PC, empty), you should follow the actual use of the

protocol and module communication (Malburg, Finder and Fey, 2016).

22


Interface Protocol

PC instruction for RCU protocol includes following:

(a) Frame of address setting

Format setting of address frame is representing in the Table 3.1 below.

When we know protocol serial number, we can send the data and set command to

host on network by serial port, host should give reply to command.

Host has four feedback commands: module protocol has executing other

command/module command execution is successful / no module protocol module

response timeout (Nagarajan et al., 2011).

Byte 0 is command identification code, (same as the following table), users

identify the command. If instruction sets according to the instruction of address frame,

correct format is verified after command length packet is received, then the module

determines the module set according to production sequence. If yes, set node address of

the data carried (Sangat, Indrawan-Santiago and Taniar, 2017).

C. online protocol query instruction

Online protocol query command format represent in the table 3.2.

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Primary function of online module inquiry instruction is inquiring CAN bus shown in

table 3.2, which is connect to multiple modules at it the time to get serial number & the

node of online module address (Kanaga and Aung, 2015).

D. Module number trigger command

Module's serial number trigger command sends a serial number products to the module

connected to serial port. Every module can record the product of serial number. In

addition, Serial number primary used for query product details, such as device type and

configuration, etc., for facilitate service. Serial number instruction shown in the Table 3.3

The instruction contains 11 bytes. First byte is instruction identifier. Second byte is

indicated high instruction change & explains slave machine about desire bytes needs to

the handle. Third byte is tenth byte of serial number production (Enhanced Retreat of

Cloud Storage Data users by Using Improved Data Access Control Scheme for Multi-

Authority Cloud Storage, 2015).

24


E. Instruction of module changes

Table 3.4 Instruction of module changes

When PC Machine transmits instructions to RCU, RCU have to respond to command sent

by machine of PC.

5.3.1 The CAN communication protocol

Robert Bosch GmbH built up the Controller Area Network. The Bosch CAN turned into

an ISO standard in 1993 (CAN 2.0A), stretched out in 1995 permit longer identifiers

gadget (CAN 2.0B). CAN interface system of convention (or hubs) utilized by two wire,

match link. Diverse organizations apply CAN gadgets. In Free scale MPC arrangement

processors, CAN gadget likewise called Toucan module; In MPC 55xx arrangement,

known as Flex CAN. CAN is serial, multitasker, convention, that implies when transport

is free, singular hub sends message (multitasked), whole hubs can get and follow up on

multicast message. Hub that starts message is called transmitter; hub not communicates

something specific known a collector. The messages are allocated needs, a transmitting

module will remain transmitter until the point that transport ends up noticeably

reasonable or until a hub with higher need information through a procedure known as

assertion supersedes [24]. CAN message can contain 8 bytes information (Enhanced

Retreat of Cloud Storage Data users by Using Improved Data Access Control Scheme for

Multi-Authority Cloud Storage, 2015). Message portrays information content is

accustomed to getting hubs by decide goal on organize.

5.4 Data storage

The point of information stockpiling gadgets is to hold data notwithstanding when the PC

is off so data can utilize when required. Capacity includes composing information to the

25


medium and perusing from the medium. Composing information recording the

information on the surface of the circle where it is put away for later utilizes. Diskette

drives, hard drives, and tape drive all utilization a similar sort of medium utilize

comparable systems for perusing/composing information. Surfaces of diskettes and

attractive tape are cover with an attractively delicate material, for example, press oxide.

The chief use to store information is that of polarization – every one of the particles in the

attractive material adjust themselves one way (Wang and Chen, 2004). Similarly, as a

transistor can speak to paired "on" or "off", the introduction of the attractive field can use

to speak to information. A magnet has one imperative favorable position over a transistor

it can keep up its state without a persistent supply of power. Generally, the most essential

piece of an advanced PC is the focal handling unit (CPU or, basically, a processor), since

it really works on information, performs computations, and controls the various parts.

Without a memory, a PC would just have the capacity to perform settled operations and

promptly yield the outcome. It would need to be reconfigured to change its conduct

(Enhanced Retreat of Cloud Storage Data users by Using Improved Data Access Control

Scheme for Multi-Authority Cloud Storage, 2015).

This is satisfactory for gadgets, for example, work area number crunchers or basic

computerized flag processors. Von Neumann machines contrast in that they have a

memory in which they store their working guidelines and information (Kanaga and Aung,

2015). Such PCs are more flexible in that they don't need their equipment reconfigured

for each new program, yet can essentially be reconstructed with new in-memory

directions. Present day PCs are von Neumann machines. Practically speaking, all PCs

26


utilize an assortment of memory sorts, composed in a capacity progressive system around

the CPU, as an exchange off amongst execution and cost. For the most part, the lower a

capacity is in the order, the lesser its transmission capacity (the measure of exchanged

information per time unit) and the more noteworthy its dormancy (an opportunity to get

to a specific stockpiling area) is from the CPU. This customary division of capacity to

essential, auxiliary, tertiary and disconnected stockpiling is likewise guided by fetched

per bit (Sangat, Indrawan-Santiago and Taniar, 2017). Essential stockpiling (or principle

memory, or inner memory), frequently alluded to just as memory, is the just a single

specifically open to the CPU. The CPU ceaselessly peruses directions put away there and

executes them as required. Any information effectively worked on is additionally put

away there in uniform way.

5.5 Debugging System

Debugging, in the PC programming building, is the multistep procedure, which includes

recognizing the issue, confining the wellspring of the issue, and after that amending the

issue and deciding a path to the work around the errand (Nagarajan et al., 2011). The final

step in debugging is the test correction work around and makes fix it works. Debugging

parted in two parts: software and hardware debugging. Debugging part of the main

system energy supply module, input & output modules and CAN interface & RS232

interfacing debugging. Software debugging section has hardware part, with system

software, between controller room and A.C controller RS485 communication module

debugging.

Debugging process

In the product advancement, the investigating is finding, revising the code mistakes in a

PC program. This Debugging is the piece of programming testing process it is an

indispensable piece of entire programming improvement framework. Troubleshooting

process filling in as code composed and in progressive request organizes as the code is

added to another unit of the program to plan a product item. In the enormous program,

that is thousands and many lines code, troubleshooting procedure may make simpler with

utilization of systems. For instance, unit tests, combine programming, and code review.

27


5.5.1 Hardware Debugging

Mixed media utilizes trade high proportion of the messages, which are not deterministic

in nature. Along these lines, that is not anything but difficult to reproduce the entire

application use in the sensible and adequate measure of the time. The application may not

recreate, the rationale analyzer might be utilized to screen, on the chip, application.

Therefore, the rationale identifier works at the physical level of giving the colossal

volume of the data. A perfect arrangement implies is work at the more elevated amount in

the reflection and the record just conduct of utilization, not operation of hidden

framework. A following on-contribute the equipment debugger signified as a sniffer,

which is an answer one can adjust to giving the apparatus to the troubleshooting

equipment blame in an application (Malburg, Finder and Fey, 2016).

28


Figure 3.14 Hardware Debugging

. Figure 3.15 system circuit board

A sniffer is the system screen gear that catches data bundles and disentangles them by

utilizing the implicit the information of a module conventions. A sniffer grants us to see

and envision messages transmits over system inside a FPGA. That choice includes and

joined with whole equipment improvement instrument and gear. strategies would enough

be able to affectionate if the equipment forms are accepting and the sending parcels

anticipated. The one of a kind coherent identifier has alloted to each errand, its free of in

execution area (equipment or programming). At the point when An OS4RS plans the

errand in the equipment, the address interpretation proportion table is recharged and

refreshed. sensible address allows a working framework to the make an interpretation of

the coherent address into the physical address the other way around. Correspondence

between the product undertaking and the assignment running in FPGA is going by an

equipment reflection layer. this case is demonstrates the interpretation of a coherent

29


address and a physical address has performed by the working framework. At the point

when the equipment assignment transmits the message to another undertaking, the sender

makes an impression on a legitimate port, that is coherently associated with the

consumer.In each tile, the Destination Look upon Table (DLT) interprets that intelligent

goal with a physical goal which runs a beneficiary errand.

Figure 3.16 lower circuit board

Figure3.17 Power module circuit board

Each time the new undertaking is a place for expelled or the rescheduled, a working

framework is a charge that can change these DLTs to keeping up the rationality of the

correspondence. Equipment sniffer allows us to choose and pick a tile and the port to

sniff. Sniffer makes the reinforcement of an influenced DLT and changes to constrain an

30


errand to send the message to the working framework.

Figure 3.18 Power module structure

By compelling DLT with the uncommon assignment, perceive to send messages to the

working framework, so we can make a similar data by duplicate the messages in a cradle,

after this with data put away in reinforcement DLT, send t message to genuine goal

venture. Equipment sniffer is a piece of portion module this can control FPGA and

includes 237 (more than 1085) line C code and the 5 kb (more than 22 kb) at the module.

That execution cannot utilize equipment assets however it expands correspondence over

the system when changes Destination Look on the Table present in each switch and the

sending messages initially to interface tile OS. Here they are duplicated of the first goal.

The capacity of a debugger to control execution of process depends.

31


Figure 3.19 CAN bus communication indicator

Debugger through extraordinary the investigate schedule. The bit is the piece of processor

state so string and process can be single-ventured cannot cause another strings and

procedures) to single step when it chose to offer energy to another procedure not being

fixed. Along these lines, when single-venturing CPU executes a guideline. At that point, it

causes the trap back to OS and debugger reports that a solitary advance is finished. in the

move in bearing of limiting guideline set (RISC) CPUs in the cell phones, the tablets and

in some unrivaled PCs, the equipment bolster the single step has vanishing. It is not the

huge issue for the idea of the debuggers, this is actually single step has not required. The

debugger can reenact single step through interpreting much direction at current program

information counter and set the breakpoint on next guideline level, causing of a fixed

procedure to the stop at next guideline.

5.5.2 Software Debugging

In the Software debugging includes debugging with the hardware functions. It is a general

process of removing and establishing computer program errors and bugs, which are

managed by programmers of software.

32


Figure 3.20 System Debugging

In software development, the debugging is an inherently iterative. General development

is realizing in complex projects. The development can be iterative in general parted in

few main stages. Can that is not a section of debugging, but this is very important this is

included by I. You can get require detail from user possible: OS version, product version,

and entire conditions required in reproduce bug. Get the program depiction when bug

show up. Endeavour to produce bug and catch state (records as well as factors). At times

it is basic. The program accidents can change to the debugger to watch the issue. We can

come back to 1 of every couple of cases or you can return here to following stage.

Methods you can utilize incorporate a bug requiring a look for its source, starting point:

Methods are as following:

1. Tracing from last minutes

2. Tracing of where state segments can utilize and changed

3. Tracing with the not comparable info information

4. Your experience can demonstrate fundamental places in the program. Case begin

with customer introductory preparing

5. Another extra trouble, because of the trouble of undertaking circumstance in few

cases workaround would enough be able to choice

33


The Keil burner program interface shown in figure 3.21

Figure 3.21 Keil program burning interface

Generate smarter debugging techniques. As these tools can used in debugging all stages,

and it should be useful in “teach” them program and program’s help for debuggers.

Figure 3.22 The Air conditioning thermostat display

Design system/DB of main documentation about program which is important in

debugging, E.g. In case there is any problem in task A, then we have to look in important

places .

34


Figure 3.23 LCD display interface

5.6 The Client Software (Client Computing)

In client, computing software and hardware piece of system approach a service, which is

available by the server. Also called as a hotel room system. This is use with lower

computer &RCU module. Primary function of the host computer in hotel room control

management system has to collect status information data of each room collected by

lower computer &the display various information desktop computers in client software.

Figure 3.24Client Computing

The front-end client's client software needs the real-time display of hotel room related

status information. Host stated to actual requirement of hotel or customers, CAN bus can

be sent to the next bit crew the appropriate control commands, indirect control room

equipment. Data can be shared between computers in the housekeeping and engineering

departments.

35


System structure and function

Hotel energy management focused on hotel intelligent business system on the room

intelligent business system plan to achieve double-level management and power-saving

upgrade, the system with the management system and control system in two sections.

Control system is installing in each of the hotel's rooms in form of the lower level of the

system (Kanaga and Aung, 2015). In case the room has no pass card, still, the room

controller can work always, but the controlled external device controls door switch of the

room; the guest behind the admission card, the room controller in the room includes

within the running range of controlled tools. Same time to collect magnetic induction,

room temperature and other data from communication network to send these messages to

head hotel manager can manage customer’s room state to the data assembled by the main

computer to provide the excellent quality service for the customer. The entire system uses

a distributed secondary network structure (Sangat, Indrawan-Santiago and Taniar, 2017).

5.7 Structure purpose

Hotel rooms utilize many circuits load large, weak electricity and strong, a variety of

equipment, control and management is quite complex, on the lamp, interior lights,

mirrors, air conditioners, interior light, TVs and another control, like types of

Immediately clean (Nagarajan, 2011). Not disturb, 505 calls, check service information,

room temperature, air conditioning status, room is engaged, In case door is not open, such

as room status and other information accurately and quickly delivered to the room

service.

5.7.1 Night light

Indoor nightlights are mount on bedside embedded elastic, switch panel and the main

embedded elastic panel to open. Double-sided connection to the control panel use switch

for of night light activating and deactivating night light. Using the main switch to start the

"main" mode, all the lights are off to controlled outlet remains powered (Malburg, Finder

and Fey, 2016).

36


5.7.2 Right and left bed light

Mirror mounted automatically controlled bedside lamp on switch panel in the main bed.

About bedside lamp can step less dimming; into the card mode, bedside lamp brightness

of about 50% brightness, corridor lighting; Press and clutch the switch of bedside.

Dimming process, gives the bedside lamp-dimming switch, right head and left head

according to the current brightness Stop lighting; in the case of right bed lights and left

bed lights, press the "main switch", and then turn off the bedside lamp (Chen and

Venkataramani, 2016).

5.7.3 Room card reading and room access

All hotels are very careful selection of room locks, they are best for the security purpose.

The installation of electronic locks in the hotel is a status, the magnetic cards are the

mandatory choice in the hotel management system, and the business of magnetic card

includes many sections of the hotel, employees in different departments, hold several

cards, the hotel needs to go into the room statistics and staff identification (Sun and Lee,

2018). Room control intelligent system identification function we can access the staff

identification of all rooms. When guests enter the room, insert the electronic key card,

immediately shows display box outward the door, notify the ground service staff directly,

temporarily unable to go into room for scrubbing, for not disturb the customers which are

not want to allow anybody in the room (Lucas, 2009).

37


5.7.4 Air conditioner temperature controller

Air conditioner temperature controller

A.C (Air conditioning) can thermostat the automatic remote power control, the room

central control content can display the wind, summer transfer status, room temperature.

At the time of entering in the room, the guest inserts the card, operates in a mode that

allows the user to operate the buttons on digital air controller, including setting the

temperature, adjusting wind speed, turning off the air conditioner, setting the fan speed

and temperature to your liking.

A.C remote controller

38


Customers can adjust the temperature at 8:01 in the morning to recognize temperature of

main guest, set at 1 point of temperature; client card temporarily leave room, a house

insulation mode, A.C will automatically work on network set the temperature, fan speed

into the room (Pojasek, 2008). If you change network settings, you should reset network

temperature. Insulation operation, temperature reaches at start of fan and the electric

valve; the temperature diverge from 2 degree Celsius, open the electric valve or fan

speed is low room status divert to "rental room", room A.C automatic work; such

temperature change the network settings and temperature effects. Insert another room

card, A.C by manual work, current station changed in back rental, A.C automatic state"

deactivated. Can be inserted into different room card, A.C by manual working; Available

power-saving mode: the real estate into the vacant state, room A.C rental mode; in

absence of original card into state, you can freely specify adjustment of room

temperature, set the room temperature (Ozgener, Hepbasli and Dincer, 2007).

Before IT: From the analysis of the actual and current situation of hotel operation, hotel

management in the application of intelligent technology demands the following aspects.

First, to provide customers with high quality service is the basic requirement for the hotel.

To ensure the customer’s satisfaction to the service is necessary, and the hotel should have

outstanding personalized, convenient and efficient service.

After IT: Therefore, the application of intelligent technology can meet the needs of

customers at different levels, and to enhance customer satisfaction to hotel service, and

constantly improve the economic benefits of the hotel. Second, the application of

intelligent technology in hotel management can realize the rational utilization of human

resources cost, which not only can reduce the number of people with jobs, but also

improve effective service, and reduce the cost of human resources at the same time so as

to reduce the hotel operation. Third, the application of intelligent technology can reduce

the energy consumption and ensure hotel management system owns energy efficient

intelligent technology to control the time, temperature, humidity, speed and brightness,

which can effectively reduce the unnecessary energy consumption of hotel operation, and

avoid the waste of resources.

Chapter 6: Hotel power saving intelligent technology application

39


The technical Building figure Standard i.e. (GB - T50314-2006) defines the intelligent

building as a structure, system of building platform and information usage system,

construction. Another aspects of the comprehensive application of the formation of

efficient, safe, environmentally friendly, convenient, energy saving and good building

environment" another advanced techniques to apply the automatic monitoring of the

efficient management and construction equipment, decrease building power consumption

and better the Building comfort and so on.

6.1 HVAC system’s power saving control

Ventilation, heating and A.C HVAC is a system of environment comfort. Stated on

average, hotel power consumption ratio: HVAC, large central A.C system cooling source,

fan coil system-wide end of the system plus the fresh air of system) 40 to 50% of

consumption of lighting consumption.

Figure 3.25 Basic HVAC systems

HVAC system

Accounting for the 20-30% of drainage equipment and water supply accounted for 10 to

15%, another mechanical & the electrical equipment accounted for 15 to 20%. Obviously,

HVAC system energy consumption is entire building electricity consumption. Therefore,

40


power saving design of the A.C system is the reasonable whether the entire building must

achieve the key energy-saving goals.

6.1.1 Refrigeration unit’s power saving control

As the power consumption of heat and source tools occupies a huge proportion of A.C

system, minimize power consumption is among the important aspects of the power-

saving A.C system. Individual types of the projects load characteristics are different. The

big load carrying capacity of a hotel building usually occurs at the dusk or at night; chiller

configuration is not only meet the huge load requirements but also to match some loads.

Cold source of group control skill, efficiency of refrigeration unit that can maximize and

the energy waste caused by operation of redundant cold-water unit can avoid. Formula to

calculating cooling load of the air conditioning mentioned below:

6.3/tstrCQ

In the case of the full load of operation, total A.C system cooling capacity to meet the

cooling loads, to avoid energy waste, to save energy. Through adjusting the operating

status of the host, increasing the cooling efficiency and minimize the power consumption

of energy saving and cooling pump of water can achieve in a single unit.

6.1.2 Chilled water pump’s power saving control

If you use chilled pump water and a different pressure bypass system, adjust setting of the

different pressure bypass valve and number of chilled water pumps to minimize energy

consumption, according to the chiller operation. Meet current job stress &cool the water

flow.

6.1.3 Cooling tower’s power saving control

Number of the cooling towers use is depends on the cooler's cooling the water

temperature requirements. When cooling tower running temperature is more than set

temperature, open the cooling tower. The cooling tower can stop when cooling tower

running temperature can below-set temperature. If cooling of tower can uses 2-speed

motor, number of the running working cooling towers can also be determined in

conjunction along high-low speed transitions.

When outdoor temperature set on low, itself cooling of cooling water the circuit to meet

the chiller requirements of cooling water temperature, cooling tower fan not require to

41


open. By the running & minimum numbers of units to control cooling the water pump

cooling water’s flow & temperature requirements, thereby reducing energy consumption.

6.1.4 Air handling unit’s power saving control

According to "Structure Standard for Electricity Efficiency of Commercial sites"

(GB50189-2005), the A.C system must be adopted whole A.C system instead of the fan

disk in the huge rooms or spaces and in air-conditioned areas where many personnel or

centralized control of the temperature & humidity are required Tube system. So, hotel

building of the lobby and large conference room, banquet hall and another huge public

places often use the air handler to achieve the power-saving effect. Air processor system

mode will flexibly adjust proportion of updated return air; in transitional season has

achieved the supply of fresh, to save energy.

Fig 3.26: Air handling unit

The temperature is less than indoor air temperature. & outdoor fresh air will be use as the

natural indoor cooling source, rather than refrigerant coolant. Shorten the cooling of the

annual run time. Through the air handler air vents and buildings to set temperature &

humidity sensors, the use of command equipment monitoring skills &technology to detect

indoor and outdoor temperature & the humidity, indoor & outdoor ratio of air calculation,

automatic control of fresh air reflux ratio, and always maintain the efficient operation of

air handler State, reduce power consumption.

6.1.5The Fan coil unit & fresh air handling unit’s power saving control

42


In order to design running time of system more reasonable,& reduce energy

consumption of the buildings, schedule control of the fan coil of hotel elevator &another

public sites is necessary &corresponding timing opening & closing settings can be

performed according to functional area set by fan coil unit.

Fan coil unit

6.3 Guest room system power saving control

The hotel guest rooms are longest time guests stay, a direct impact on the guests stay

experience & evaluation of hotel rooms. Therefore, the power saving control room system

must base on comfort, both to meet the comfort requirements of customers, but also to

minimize energy consumption, reduce waste of resources, control the hotel's operating

costs. Room control system according to the status of the room decided to take what kind

of control strategy, that check-in, rental, availability, check-out, maintenance, cleaning,

room control service should be with hotel business system.

6.2 Lighting control

The room control system should control completely lighting circuits in room with a key

and set lighting circuit to open &close the automatic control. Brightness of light in many

scene modes, for example occupancy, rest, reading, entertainment& another different

protocol for guests' convenience Control the room and get the best light and energy

savings in different situations. In addition, with infrared sensors and luminance sensors,

the room control system determines the activity of guests and the intensity of natural

light. Automatically shut down the hotel non-activity area lights, indoor lighting

brightness adjustment, to achieve the purpose of comfort and energy saving.

43


6.2.1 Window status inspection and room curtain control

As mentioned above, when the air conditioner is lower by 1 ° C, the energy consumption

will increase by 5-8%. Similarly, in the case of cooling or heating, the indoor temperature

is higher or lower than 1 will produce more energy consumption of air conditioning.℃

The enclosed room can add insulation. In the absence of room curtains and without

curtains, the room curtains closed, the room control system is not closed, the remote

control room curtains closed, the room control system can be remote curtains to make the

room temperature in summer is lower, the winter is higher, lower Air conditioning energy

consumption.

6.2.2 Air conditioning control of room

(a) Occupancy of guest

Room air-conditioning room control skills can achieve network control. Moreover, check

the hotel front desk rooms open; wind speed, a transitional state, and room temperature

can be measured. The room air remote control through linkage with the hotel

management system. According to the state of the room is set the air conditioning project.

In order to ensure guests get the best experience, guests are mainly responsible for air

conditioning operation, in case guests from all over the country often do not understand

the most comfortable local temperature conditions will set the room temperature is too

high or too low, resulting in both Not comfortable, but also a waste of energy.

(b) Rental status waits

Because of the temperature, change has the characteristic of lag such as room temperature

comfort is low, the guest rooms at the set temperature after a certain period cannot

achieve a comfortable state. Air conditioning may be set to high or low temperature

reaches the set value will be because the temperature is not appropriate to adjust the air

conditioning in the indoor temperature setting value, so repeatedly the guests, cannot get

a comfortable temperature, but also a waste of energy.

(c) Retirement state

Room control system can be check-out 1-2 hours before or check-out time at the hotel

automatically updates, guests automatically updated without air-conditioning will be set

to the guest phone in the pattern because the temperature changes lag, the comfortable

44


room will not be affected anyway while saving energy.

(d) Cleaning and maintenance status

The room control system can determine the status of the room and the information

entered into the room based on information set by the network or card. In the

maintenance state, according to the hotel administrator or maintenance personnel access

time set time, automatically exit the insulation mode; turn off the room air conditioning.

In clean conditions, guest rooms are kept warm while the room temperature control panel

is not authorized to control the air conditioners. Room control system can be based on the

information granted to the different control authority, to achieve the purpose of energy-

saving air-conditioning.

6.2.3 Lighting system’s power saving control

According to the hotel interior time and the use of different regions intelligent lighting

method for intelligent control of lighting are used. Natural daylight is low; lighting is

turned on, allowing natural light to be fully coordinated with the summer shade. Through

lighting testing and personnel testing and a series of lighting modes control the opening

and closing of light and glaze. Illuminate when desired to change the misuse of constant

lighting for stairs, large spaces, sidewalks halls and another public place to take light

control, voice control, timing, sensing and another power-saving control skills. Set the

time with photoelectric control or natural lighting. Garden lighting and road lighting

brightness control or time program control.

6.4 Power saving control of drainage system and drainage system

The two important frequency transformation control of pump are drainage system and

water supply. Frequency conversion control technique can save power from four aspects:

Speed requirement to save power. Frequency conversion drainage system and water

supply can cardinally arrange power supply frequency as stated in the expanse of water

run out rate. The output of water is lessened, water pump speed is lowered, and therefore

it decreases the production power of the pump. Starting current of A.C Motor: inverter

can diminish starting current by lowering the starting voltage to realize the soft start of

45


the motor. Increase the power factor.

46


Chapter 7: Results & Analysis For the hotel management, preserving high standards of comfort and guest satisfaction is

the most important consideration. Energy plans that compromise visitant comfort are less

likely to be executed. However, there might be opportunities to increase guest luxury by

improving energy efficiency. E.g., room temperature, ventilation, lighting, and water

pressure in addition noise level improvements may all come from proficiency upgrades.

To analyse this potential association, the team was attracted to find out how a more

technology-efficient hotel was rated as comfortable by its guests rather than a less

technologically efficient hotel. In order to carry out this research, a contract to design as

well as investigate hotel guests is signed. In this study we analyse the statistical

significance of the results and compare them with a set of the technical data collected by

engineers at the site. According to features of the hotel building power, this paper

introduces several effective technologies for energy saving of hotel buildings, as well as a

project and actual effect in energy saving renovation. The tracking operation shows that

in the comparison and demonstration of energy-saving reform programs, the rapid rise of

government incentives and energy prices ought to be considered. This behaviour can help

enterprises to withdraw funds in advance to further enhance the passion of owners of

energy-saving and encourage the building an extensive range of energy-saving

construction technology.

All five original pilot hotels decided to investigate their guests as section of the study.

The investigation was done in breakfast room in morning. Guests completing the survey

receive a $ 5 gift card as a reward. In 1 hotel, survey was conducted on two mornings;

otherwise all the surveys were conducted at each hotel on the morning of each working

day. The Travel Centre team conducted a survey based upon previous industry research.

Guests are required to rate items from 1 to 7 (higher ratings indicate higher satisfaction)

to item ratings such as consistency and temperature control, noise level of cooling and

heating units, water temperature, ambient noise, and pressure, air quality and lighting.

Field engineers also provide a variety of technical data of various performances. These

data represent measurements of building in addition energy use, equipment efficiency,

and building performance (i.e., lumen output, CFM, water temperature, etc.). In order to

describe the specific comfort features, this field statistics is distributed as much as

possible.

47


In general, the satisfactions of all features of the rooms are high. The medium response

for entire categories was six or more, with the exception of a quiet environment and the

quietness of the cooling and heating units, which had a median rating of 5. When

questioned what factors influenced the hotel's selection, the most frequently identified

locations for guests, the comfort of the room Degree and price. When enquired what the

reasons for creating a relaxed stay, guests replied that bed comfort and cleanliness were

the most significant, followed by quiet. Most of the respondents (60%) defined travel as a

commercial purpose.

Fig 3.27: Energy consumption by end-use for a standard hotel

Energy Cost

Hotel the place that provides people with work, life, rest and entertainment, and the

quality of the living space is an important component of the hotel quality. In the hotel

management, in order to enhance economic efficiency, on the one hand, you need to

expand large business projects, subdivide categories, and enhance passenger flow. On the

other hand, you need to control the daily operation of the hotel's various operating costs.

In addition to human cost, energy expenditure increased an important part of the overall

operating costs during the operation of the hotel. According to authoritative statistical

data, the general hotel power consumption in our country is no less than 300 thousand

Kilowatt hours, and not higher than 1 million 500 thousand Kilowatt hours. High-star

hotel energy consumption is higher. In the hotel's electricity consumption, air

conditioning is major energy consumption. Hot water supply ranks second. Lighting

consumption ranks third. With the hotel industry competition, energy shortages and rising

48


prices cause the hotel operating costs to increase year by year. Therefore, how to ensure

that guests enjoy the comfortable, convenient and safe room on the basis of reasonable

and effective control of energy use is an imminent problem. In a sense, the maximum

energy saving and consumption reduction is to create the maximum profits for the hotel,

so that the hotel will be in a favorable position in the future market competition. So

saving energy costs and expenses, and enhances the level of hotel hardware, creating

more comfortable experience for guests. Energy efficiency measures are generally not

expected to have a negative impact on guests' health, safety or comfort. Therefore, the

implementation of specific energy-saving measures may depend to some extent on the

type of catering to guests. While lacking certain types of services/activities, or comfort

and pleasure related hotel facilities may be acceptable to a convincing ecotourism, it does

not matter for unaffected mass tourists or luxury items Say may be totally unacceptable to

the guests. Therefore, the goal of saving energy and other resources in the hospitality

sector is also a behavioral and educational task, as it is a matter of optimizing the energy

system and building structure. Therefore, educating all stakeholders, including customers,

is a basic requirement for pursuing more sustainable tourism. The same is true of

education related to environmentally sound practices and activities / services, as far as the

economy of sustainable tourism is concerned in the context of a healthy life cycle cost.

This clearly requires close cooperation between all interested groups.

49


Figure 3.28: Summary of Monitoring Period Energy Analysis at Hotel in China

The figure above clearly shows how this mode of cooling works: The test room consumes

less energy than the baseline room occupancy, but both rooms use less energy during their

free time, but the test-controlled room Reduce the amount of a lot more important. For

heating, the amount of energy used in the laboratory control room actually increased, but

to a much lesser extent, and less significant. When the system is in fan mode, the most

significant energy savings: in the occupation of time, energy consumption is almost

halved. In idle time, the fan's energy consumption is virtually eliminated. This seems to

be the most important impact of this technology.

Examples of Baseline and Test Rooms energy consumptions in different hotels before and

after (IT)

Before

Baseline Rooms Test Rooms

Hotel 1 52% 44%

Hotel 2 71% 60%

Hotel 3 53% 50%

50


Hotel 4 51% 48%

After

Baseline Rooms Test Rooms

Hotel 1 50% 45%

Hotel 2 70% 50%

Hotel 3 55% 45%

Hotel 4 60% 50%

Questions & Survey results

These are the results obtained from Questionnaires and interviews with respondents of this study.

Question 1: Are you completely familiar with energy saving IT systems?

72%

28%

YesNo

51


Question2: Which energy saving IT system applied in the property?

58%23%

10%

9%

Electricity SavingWate SavingRecyclingNone

Question 3: What is determinant in choice of the energy saving IT system for Hotel?

13%

35%

27%

25%

Efficiency of equipmentThe priceThe residueson theenvironmentThe rate of return

52


Question 4: How much operating costs have been reduced by the utilization of the

IT energy?

13%

8%

10%

35%

34%

FairlyNot at allToo muchMuchEnough

The hotel rooms use advanced occupancy control systems for energy analysis. Important

energy savings have been demonstrated. Energy use is at 4 hotels, two supporting the

terminal air-conditioning unit and two fan coil unit roughly equal Traditional thermostatic

control as well as advanced control of the number of rooms.

Most of energy savings happen while idle. This is probable because control over

occupancy is nominally the similar, with the main benefit occurring when the inhabitants

disappear. Maximum commercial buildings display a rather significant linear connection

amongst daily energy usage and daily maximum or minimum temperature, but it is not

the case in many studied hotels. Personal behaviour tends to promote energy usage in

hotel rooms. In many cases, there is a more consistent relationship amongst energy use as

well as temperature in the high-level control room, indicating that the influence of

behaviour is minimized.

53


Fig 3.29: Energy efficiency rating for different types of hotels

Chart : Breakdown of the energy consumption in a typical hotel

Heating and air conditioner Catering Domestic hot water Lighting Other0

5

10

15

20

25

54


Chapter 8: ConclusionImprove the economy by power saving and merging the technology and

management:

Intelligent skills should be naturally united under the administration of the hotel

management, so management and technology can be merged together to assure that

buildings attain effective energy efficiency. In hotel energy saving, evolution in intelligent

skills will make a greater support. The use of intelligent techniques can meet requirement

of different levels of customers, improve customer satisfaction with hotel services, and

continuously improve the hotel's economic benefits. From the analysis of the actual and

current situation of hotel operation, hotel management in the application of intelligent

technology demands the following aspects. To provide customers with high quality

service is the basic requirement for the hotel. To ensure the customer’s satisfaction to the

service is necessary, and the hotel should have outstanding personalized, convenient and

efficient service. Therefore, the application of intelligent technology can meet the needs

of customers at different levels, and to enhance customer satisfaction to hotel service, and

constantly improve the economic benefits of the hotel. Energy organization control

systems in hotel rooms are extensively used around the world, however, their getting in

China is limited at this time. The heightened market insertion of such schemes can

significantly reduce the hotel's energy consumption. This study concludes that under the

management of hotel operations, smart technologies should also be organically integrated,

combining technology and management to ensure building energy efficiency. I believe

that the development of smart technologies will make greater contributions to hotel

energy conservation.

Future Recommendation

The hotel energy consumption reduced by the use of intelligent skills the reduction in

maintenance costs hotel operation， improvement of hotel content, and enhancement of

guest’s experience. Intelligent skills in hotel business can notice the rational use of human

resource cost, which can reduce employment and improve service efficiency; decrease

human resources cost and reduce the operation of hotel the uses of intelligent skills can

minimize power consumption and assure that the hotel business system has energy-saving

intelligence techniques to control humidity, brightness, time, temperature and speed.

55


Intelligent techniques in the room’s Digital power module ICs provide benefits of power

and digital modules. Support developing industry toward high-efficiency energy

conversion because it is high integration, reliability, and flexibility. In addition, through

input and output power module we can easily supply the power. Debugging we can

remove the errors and bugs from the computer program and save the power. Using A.C,

HVAC for reduce the power consumption. In addition, updated switches reduce the power

consumption.

Project Management

From the below chart yellow highlighted part on each bar is running months of every

task. At the beginning of the project the tasks from selecting title to prepare project brief

were running fluently.

After submitting the project presentation and receive comments from the supervisor,

project directions as well as objective become clear. Then we start to prepare the interim

report. Searching the literature review and methodology from the Internet, and there is

much information or data is available on Intelligent Technology (IT) in the Hotel energy

saving. After submission of interim report, main process of the project starts.In the

beginning, referring to hotel ' s room intelligent structure, I spent a very long time dealing

with some data analysis and experimental systems. Eventually, it is also completed at the

scheduled time.

Fortunately, the data was easily analyzed to obtain final results to prepare a conclusion

and final report. All details and results were well prepared.

To summarize, the actual research and analysis of the project has been completed and

achieved good results.

56


Gantt chart for project management

57


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