IPS1- Fall 2012 Manmeet Rattu FILIPINO AND FILIPINO-AMERICAN OPPRESSION
Transcript
1. FILIPINO ANDFILIPINO-AMERICANOPPRESSIONIPS1- Fall
2012Manmeet Rattu
2. http://youtu.be/ODoDJpODazs
3. Philippine Islands 7,100 islands with land area of 115,707
square miles 92 million Filipinos in the Philippines 7th most
populated Asian country 12th most populated country in the world 12
million Filipinos overseas Multiple ethnicities are found
throughout the islandFilipinos in the United States 1.1% of US
population 3.4 million people second-largest self-reported Asian
ancestry group
4. List of U.S. Metropolitan Areas with large FilipinoAmerican
populations (from 2010 Census): Filipino American % Filipino Rank
City Population American Los Angeles-Long Beach- 1 Riverside,
California CSA 606,657 2.8 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, 2
California CSA 463,458 5.1 3 New York, New York CSA 232,980 0.9 San
Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, 4 California MSA 182,248 4.7 5 Honolulu,
Hawaii MSA 158,624 14.9 6 Chicago, Illinois CSA 131,388 1.1 7
Seattle, Washington MSA 118,538 1.9 8 Las Vegas, Nevada CSA 108,668
4.4 Washington, District of Columbia 9 (DC-MD-VA) CSA 99,901 0.9 10
Sacramento, California CSA 77,262 2.2
5. Brief History In 1521, arrival of Ferdinand Magellan marked
the era of Spanish interest and eventual colonization In 1543,
Spanish explorer Ruy Lopz de Villalobos named the archipelago Las
Islas Filipinas in honor of Phillip II of Spain In 1565, Miguel
Lpez de Legazpi arrived in Philippines and consolidated Spanish
rule in the islands, which remained a colony of Spain for more than
300 years 1898-The islands were ceded by Spain to the United States
for US$20 million in the 1898 Treaty of Paris 1942-1945-Japan
occupied Philippines On July 4, 1946, the Philippines finally
attained its independence
6. Four official waves The FIRST Wave: Galleon Era
(1565-1905)of Filipino migration Manila Acapulco Galleon Trade
(1565-1815)to the United States From Open Borders to 50-Per Year
The Second Wave: Soldiers and War Brides (1906-1934) Filipinos Call
For Action Filipinas Call to Duty Open borders to 100-Per Year The
Third Wave: Professional and Their Families (Naval Era-1965) Open
borders to 2000/yr The Fourth Wave: Immigration Act of
1965-present) Open borders to 20,000/year
7. Immigration to US -First Wave 1565 to 1815, during the
Manila- Acapulco Galleon Trade, Filipinos were forced to work as
sailors and navigators on board Spanish Galleons. 1587- First
documented Filipino arrives to Morro Bay, CA, fifty years before
the first English settlement of Jamestown was established. 1763-
Filipinos made their first permanent settlement in the bayous and
marshes of Louisiana. 1781-Antonio Miranda Rodriguez Poblador, a
Filipino, along with 44 other individuals was sent by the Spanish
government from Mexico to establish what is now known as the city
of Los Angeles.
8. Manila Bayou of Louisiana clip
http://filipinoamericanlibrary.org/timeline.html
9. The White Mans Burden-1899
10. 1904 St. Louis World Fair
11. Second Wave- 1906-19342 types of immigrants1. Laborers
Hawaiian Sugar Plant Association recruits young men to work in
sugar cane fields in Hawaii Alaskan fishing men Alaskeros Domestic
workers in big cities, including San Francisco Shipyards (Mare
Island, Vallejo and Hunters Point, San Francisco)2. Pensionados
Students sponsored under 1903 Pensionado Act
12. Historical Oppression
13. Third Wave: Naval Era-1965 Join Navy War Brides Act
Professionals (nurses, medical professionals) Strikes at SFSU
International Hotel, San FranciscoFourth Wave: The 4th wave of
Filipino Immigration began after the passing of the Immigration Act
of 1965 and continues to the present day. This allowed the entry of
as many as 20,000 immigrants annually
14. Continued Immigration Journey The Visa Priority Date
Evading the Three-and Ten-Year Bar The Continuing Push for
Immigration Reforms The Guest Worker Program or its Equivalent The
Different Perspective A Century of Service
15. Current OppressionDiscriminationRacismInternalized
OppressionStereotypesTerminology
18. Filipinos are lazy, dumb, unnationalist Filipinos eat
dogsStereotypes All Filipinos do karaoke Filipinos are all sellouts
and will do anything to become part of the elite The women are
promiscuous A lot of Filipino men are gay or transvestites
19. Psychological Impact Suicide Depression Alcohol Abuse
Substance Abuse Race related stress Work related stress
20. Psychological and Filipino American adolescents have one
ofMental Health the highest rates of suicidal ideations
andPrevalence attempts in the United States (Presidents Advisory
Commision on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, 2001) Filipina
American adolescents have highest rate of suicide ideations among
all racial and ethnic groups (Wolf, 1997) Filipina American
adolescents have a higher depression rate than other Asian American
female adolescents (Kim & Chun, 1993) Filipino American adults
have higher depression rates than White Americans (Kuo, 1984)
98-99% of Filipino Americans reported experiencing daily and
lifetime racism (Alvarez, Juang, & Liang, 2006)
21. Psychological Impact of Oppression-Geriatric population
Veterans of World War II denied benefits until 2009- Obama signs
The American Recovery Act and Reinvestment of 2009
22. Psychological Impact of Oppression:Within group diversity
Gay and Lesbian community Tomboys and Baklas (Nadal & Corpus,
2012)Domains and Themes from collective focus groups 1. Religious
influence on sexual and gender identity 2. Family influence on
gender and sexual identity 3. Experiences with race 4. Process of
negotiating multiple identities 5. Variant experiences between
Filipino subgroups Distinct from other Asian-Americans
23. 3 primary cultural characteristics thatdecipher
Filipino-Americans from otherAsian-Americans1. Stronger affiliation
with Latino values over Eastern Asian values2. Equally patriarchal
and matriarchal society3. Phenotypic appearances
24. Median Household Income Educational Attainment: 2004The
American Community (Percent of Population 25 and
Older)AsiansHousehold Income Ethnicity High SchoolEthnicity 2004
2009 BachelorsIndians $60,600 $88,538 Grad Rate or moreFilipinos
$39,700 $75,146 Asian Indians 90.2% 67.9% Filipinos 90.8%Chinese
$52,000 $69,037 47.9%Japanese $48,400 $64,197 Chinese 80.8%
50.2%Koreans $42,000 $53,025 Japanese 93.4%Total US Population
43.7% Koreans 90.2% $34,100 $50,221 50.8% Total US Population 83.9%
27.0%
25. Cultural Mistrust and Mental Health Help-Seeking Attitudes
Rates are perplexing given that FilipinoCurrent trend in MH
help-seeking Americans have Utilize only about 1/3 of what the
lowest poverty rate among might be expected compared to Asian
Americans (Tewari, 2009) population Have a median household income
True across a variety of settings that is higher than White
American (inpatient, outpatient, emergency population and ranks
second room and case management, child among Asian Americans
welfare and juvenile services, and Have second highest English
general community proficiency rate of Asian Low rates not
attributable to racial Americans differences in rates of Are the
only Asian American ethnic psychopathology group with a history of
being colonized by the US, and therefore highly familiar with
American cultural values
26. Adaptive Accepting responsibilityCoping Strategies
Religious copingAdaptive Problem solving with community
membersMaladaptive Rituals (Cotillion, Filipino Heritage Month)
Performance and graphic art Maladaptive Alcohol Abuse Substance
Abuse Distancing Escape Avoidance
27. Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology)Filipino
Psychology locates the identity of the individual in terms of the
web of his social relations.For instance, the experience may be a
response to colonial oppression (Philippines was a colony ofSpain
for 300 years, USA for 30 years and Japan for 3 years during the
occupation). In terms of areasof protest, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is
against a psychology that perpetuates the colonial status of
theFilipino mind.
28. Culturally sensitive approach to treatmentof Filipino
Americans Pay attention to immigration history and regional
orientation Determine the underlying reason for treatment Ensure
adequate understanding of the diagnosis and treatment plan, bearing
in mind that social inhibitions and nonverbal cues can mislead the
practitioner Use visual cues and communicate in a collaborative
manner Facilitate dialogue, inquiring about physical as well as
mental health complaints Utilize the family and identify the
patients power hierarchy Allow the patient time to process any
information given Respect personal space Note mannerisms without
making assumptions about their meaning Do not be misled by the
presenting affect Maintain judicious use of medications Engage the
client by actively focusing on the individuals symptoms
29. Filipinos in the Media
30. Filipino Scholars and Inventors
31. Additional books/resources
32. New insights, self reflection Impact of this racism on your
own racial/ethnic group Impact on your own consciousness Impact on
target and non-target groups Previously held biases