Filtri Passabanda Miniaturizzati in Guidad’Onda per Applicazioni Satellitari
19 gennaio 2016
R. Sorrentino (1)(2), L. Pelliccia (2)
(1) RF Microtech Srl, Perugia, Italy(2) Dept. of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
1° Workshop Nazionale“La Componentistica Nazionale per lo Spazio: Stato dell’arte, Sviluppi e
Prospettive” ASI Roma, 18 – 20 Gennaio 2016
A service company operating in the area of RF and microwave technologiesFounded in 2007 as a spin-off of the University of Perugia
We offer: Simulation and Technical Consultancy System and Sub-system Design Prototyping and Low-volume Manufacturing RF Testing and Characterization
(Perugia, Italy)
Who we areCustom products for industries and system integrators in all areas of RF and microwave technology
Mission
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13 Employees (Jan. 2016)1,2 M€ Turnover (2015)
Custom Products
and Smart Solutions
Our products: Antennas and Phased Arrays Microwave Filters and Passive Components RF MEMS and Tunable Circuits Microwave Systems and Sensors
Applications:Telecommunication, Aerospace, Defense and Security, Safety, Manufacturing Industry, Logistics and Localization
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Example of developments:Antennas and Phased Arrays
Compact solution Satellite Applications
Micro-SAT Ka Designed for S.O.T.M applications Small 30x18cm, Light <3kg Low Power Consumption <20w Hi Performance thin panel antenna Modem Agnostic, Built-In tracking
receiver Fully Autonomous, All-In-One
Approach (Gyro, IMU, Compass Etc…)
Ka-band Flat Panel Antenna
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Introduction and motivation
Ridge Resonator Filters
TM Dual-Mode Filters
TM Dielectric-loaded Filters
Micromachined Filters
Spurious-free Filters
Conclusions
Outline
Outline
Introduction and motivation
Ridge Resonator Filters
TM Dual-Mode Filters
TM Dielectric-loaded Filters
Micromachined Filters
Spurious-free Filters
Conclusions
Waveguide Technology
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Waveguide is a key technology for on-
board RF satellite systems,
thanks to its low-loss and power
handling capabilities
Pseudo-elliptic functions( high selectivity:
transmission zeros in the response)
Waveguide technology( low loss, high power)
High Performance Bandpass Filters
Drawbacks: size and mass of waveguide technology (size ~ λ)
OBJECTIVE: minimize size and mass (thus cost) of next generation satellite waveguide bandpass filters
Elliptic Filters
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Outline
Introduction and motivation
Ridge Resonator Filters
TM Dual-Mode Filters
TM Dielectric-loaded Filters
Micromachined Filters
Spurious-free Filters
Conclusions
A Ridge section within a rectangular waveguide
behaves as an open-ended TEM resonator embedded in the waveguide
more compact than a conventional TE101 mode cavity
lcfl ridgeg
222 00_
a
b
a
b
l+ -
quasi-TEM mode
(1) S. Bastioli, L. Marcaccioli, R. Sorrentino, “Novel waveguide pseudo-elliptic filters using slant ridgeresonators,” 2008 MTT-S IMS, Atlanta, USA, June 2008
Metal ridge
Q~4000-5000
The Ridge Resonator (1)
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The resonator is both excited and by-passed by the TE10 mode 2 signal paths
TE10 TE10
+
- J1LS LJS1 1
JSL
GS GL
JS1 J1L
JSL
C L
The Ridge Resonator
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The ridge provides 1 transmission pole + 1 transmission zero
+
-
wg axis
ridge axis
slantingangle
slant ridge:zero above the pole
S11
S21
wg axis
ridge centreoffset
S21
S11
transverse ridge:zero below the pole
Ridge resonator position Transmission zero location
Controlling the transmission zero
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+
Rectangular ridges are cascaded through half-wave sectionsHalf-wave sections are additional resonators
N ridges = 2N-1 transm. poles + N transm. zeros
π
π
π
π
S 1 2 3 L4 5
ex: 3 ridgeresonators
Filter length is reduced (~40%)
Band-Pass Filters
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5th order filter with 3 ridges
10.60 – 11.00 GHz (FBW = 4%)20 dB return loss0.3 dB insertion lossS21 < -50 dB (f > 11.25 GHz)S21 < -25 dB (f < 10.45 GHz)WR-90 (a = 22.86 mm, b = 10.16 mm)
2 slant ridges 2 TZs above the pass-band1 transverse offset ridge 1 TZ below the pass-band
S 1 2 3 L4 5
Example
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Measurement Simulation
9 10 11 12
0
-20
-40
-80
-60
frequency (GHz)
S p
aram
eter
s (d
B)
10.5 11.110.8
0-0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8
S21
S11
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
Example
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Outline
Introduction and motivation
Ridge Resonator Filters
TM Dual-Mode Filters
TM Dielectric-loaded Filters
Micromachined Filters
Spurious-free Filters
Conclusions
Conventional rectangular waveguide dual-mode filters: TE101 & TE011 all cavity dimensions are half-wave
Idea 1 employ two TM modes: TM210 & TM120third index is null for both modes
cavity length does not affect the resonant frequencies
Ultra-Compact Solution: very short length cavity
EH
The TM Dual-Mode Cavity
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Resonant TM120 and TM210 modes: two-pole filterIdea 2 exploit nonresonating modes to create an
additional input-to-output path 2 Transm. Zeros (TZs)
Highly-Selective Solution: pseudo-elliptic response
H
1 2TM120 TM210
S L
TM11 , TE11
Nonresonating modes: TM11 , TE11
The TM Dual-Mode Cavity
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2 cavities: 4 poles + 4 TZs
9.4 9.6 9.8 10 10.2 10.4 10.6-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency (GHz)
S P
aram
eter
s (d
B)
S11 MM S21 MM S11 HFSS S21 HFSS
each cavity controls a transmission zero pair
Cavity length = 4 mm Q = 5000 IL = 0.2 dB (FBW=2%)
Multiple TM Dual-Mode Cavities
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8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
Frequency (GHz)
S Pa
ram
eter
s (d
B)
S11 meas. S21 meas. S11 HFSS S21 HFSS
Q ~ 5000
9.95 10 10.05-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
00
8-pole filter with 8 symmetric TZs
(2) S. Bastioli, C. Tomassoni, R. Sorrentino, “A New Class of Waveguide Dual-Mode Filters Using TM andNonresonating Modes”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 58, No. , pp. 3909,Dec. 2010 [Microwave Prize 2012]
Example (2)
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9 9.5 10 10.5 11-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
Freq. (GHz)
Sca
tterin
g pa
ram
eter
s (d
B)
6 pole filter with 6 asymmetric TZs
(3) C. Tomassoni, S. Bastioli, R. Sorrentino "TM dual-mode filters with asymmetric filtering functions" 2011MTT-S IMS Digest, Baltimore, USA, June 2011
Example (3)
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6 pole dual-band filter with 6 asymmetric TZs
(4) V. Nocella, L. Pelliccia, F. Cacciamani, C. Tomassoni, R. Sorrentino “Dual-Band Filters Based On TMDual-Mode Cavities" EuMW 2014, Rome, Italy, October 2014
Example (4)
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Outline
Introduction and motivation
Ridge Resonator Filters
TM Dual-Mode Filters
TM Dielectric-loaded Filters
Micromachined Filters
Spurious-free Filters
Conclusions
The PETIT & OMNIFIT Projects (A)(B)
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ESA Projects:(A) “compact high-PErformance filters for space applicaTIon based on dielectric resonator Technology” (ESTEC/Contr. No. 4000100898/10/NL/GLC, Artes 5.1)
(B) “On-board MiNIaturized Filters In dielectric waveguide Technology for satellite mobile communications” (ESTEC/Contr. No. 4000115495/15/NL/US, Artes 5.2)
TEM filters are the standard technology for L/S band filters in satellite communications
MAIN GOAL:Minimize mass and size of L/S band input
filters using dielectric resonator technologyreplacing conventional TEM / combline filters
Thales Alenia Space Italy is partner and potential end-user
Dielectric Resonators
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Dielectric resonator type
Size [mm3] Unloaded Q
Metal Combline 35x35x30 4500TE01δ 43x43x35 12370HE11 52x52x35 11170
Half Cut 28x28x35 8925Dielectric Combline 28x28x40 7760Conductor Loaded 32x32x25 5140
TM010 21x21x20 4200
Several types of dielectric resonators have been evaluated @ 2GHz (*)
(*) εr=45; tanδ=5·10-5; σsilver=6.1·107S/m
Metal Combline
TE01δ
HE11
Dielectric Combline
Conductor Loaded
TM010
Half Cut
TM010 Mode Dielectric Resonator (5)
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TM010 mode EM Field
shielding cavity
height
dielectric cylinder
E-fieldH-field
dielectric-to-metal contact
This type of DR has been used in the past for ground applications
(5) Y. Kobayashi, S. Yoshida, “Bandpass Filters using TM010 Dielectric Rod Resonators”, 1978 MTT-S IMS, Ottawa, Canada, June 1978
4th Order Filter: prototype
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The filter cavities are closed by a lid
41mm
Opened filter
Filter prototype
Metallized dielectric faces to improve dielectric-to-case contact
Dielectric material used: E43 from NTK/NGK
Measured Response
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Upper-band spurious spikes are at 3.5 GHz
Measured Response
TM dual-modecavity
TM dual-modedielectric-loaded cavity
TM dielectric-loadedcavity
Useful mainly at L/S- and C- bands (waveguide filters are bulky),but even at higher frequencies
TM Dual-Mode Loaded Cavity
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Volume saving > 90% QUL decrease ~ 15% (QUL > 3500)
@ l = 5mm, f0 = 4GHz (C-band), εr > 30, tanδ < 5·10-5
l
high-permittivity dielectric cylinder
dielectric-to-metal contact
TM120 and TM210 modes are used (as in the case of an empty cavity) as resonant modes
TM Dual-Mode Loaded Cavity
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11mm
4th order filter at C-band with 4
symmetric TZs (FBW = 4%)
15mm
25mmσmetal = 3.8·107 S/m (aluminium), εr = 34, tanδ = 5·10-5
(6) L. Pelliccia, F. Cacciamani, C. Tomassoni, R. Sorrentino, “Ultra-compact Pseudoelliptic Waveguide Filters Using Dual-Mode Dielectric Resonators”, APMC 2011, Melbourne, Australia, December 2011
Example (6)
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Outline
Introduction and motivation
Ridge Resonator Filters
TM Dual-Mode Filters
TM Dielectric-loaded Filters
Micromachined Filters
Spurious-free Filters
Conclusions
Manufacturing tolerances of conventional processes (milling or die-cast) determine the frequency limitations
Alternative manufacturing technologies may extend the frequency limits up to 80 GHz and even above
For instance:micro-machining technology
( low sensitivity to tolerances, low-cost in mass production)can be used to realize waveguide filters at high frequencies with
very high performances
Low-cost robust and compact high-performance bandpass filters
Possible Improvements
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Simulated Model Fabricated Device
Project sponsored by Huawei. Huawei is gratefully acknowledged for allowing the authors to disclose the experimental results
E-band (71-86 GHz) Diplexer in micro-machining technology
Example (7)
(7) V. Nocella, L. Pelliccia, P. Farinelli, R. Sorrentino, M. Costa, D. Yufeng, Z. Yanzhao, “E-band cavity diplexer based on micromachined technology”, International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, published on-line on 12th January 2015 35
RF Measurements (dotted lines) vs. full-wave simulations (solid lines)
Example
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The MIGNON Project (C)
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(C) “MIcro-machined filters in multi-layer technoloGy for satellite ON-board communicatiONsystems” (ESTEC/Contr. No. 22706/09/NL/GLC, , Artes 5.1)
MAIN GOAL:Development of low-cost and tuneless miniaturized
filters for Ka-band space application
Fondazione Bruno Kessler (Trento) is the manufacturer
Ka-band Micromachined Filter
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Filters in Micromachining technology on SiliconMultilayer structuresLow-loss and very compact solutionsHigh-yield and tuneless devicesLow-cost technology for mass productionFeasible at different frequency bands
Outline
Introduction and motivation
Ridge Resonator Filters
TM Dual-Mode Filters
TM Dielectric-loaded Filters
Micromachined Filters
Spurious-free Filters
Conclusions
Compact Spurious-free Filters (D)
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(D) ESA AO/1-8418/15/NL/NR “COMpact C-/Ku-Band Broadband Waveguide FILters” (under negotiation ESA Artes 5.1 project)
MAIN GOAL:Development and validation of compact waveguide
filters at C/Ku-band with spurious-free response
Pasquali Microwave Systems (Florence) is the manufacturer
4 6 8 10 12 14-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
Frequency (GHz)
S-p
aram
eter
Am
plitu
de (
dB)
non‐matchedspecifications
iris spurious
TM210 spurious
Compact Spurious-free Filters
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Waveguide filters at C/Ku-band with spurious-free response TM mode cavities are used to reduce the filter length No low-pass filter to clean-up the stop-bandFilter geometries and couplings optimized to avoid spurious resonances in the stop-bandLow-loss is ensured Up to 80-90% volume saving with respect to standard technology
Outline
Introduction and motivation
Ridge Resonator Filters
TM Dual-Mode Filters
TM Dielectric-loaded Filters
Micromachined Filters
Spurious-free Filters
Conclusions
New classes of waveguide filters have been introduced to minimize size, mass and so cost of future generations of telecommunication apparatuses
Compactness and high-selectivity are obtained by combining various approaches: Ridge resonators rather than TE mode cavities TM dual-mode cavities rather than TE dual-mode cavities High dielectric-loaded waveguide TM single-mode and dual-
mode cavities to widely minimize volume occupation at lower frequency
Micromachining technology to realized tuneless and compact low-cost filters at high-frequency
Optimization of filter geometries and couplings to minimize spurious-resonances in out-of-band filter responses
Conclusions
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The work presented have been done thanks to the contributions of:
Dr. Simone Bastioli 1
Fabrizio Cacciamani 2
Valeria Nocella 3Dr. Cristiano Tomassoni 3
Dr. Paola Farinelli 2
1 RS Microwave, New Jersey, USA, previously with RF Microtech, 2 RF Microtech Srl, Perugia, Italy3 University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
ACKNOWLEDMENTS
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Thank you(www.rfmicrotech.com)
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