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FINAL ADS AIR JOURNAL

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STUDIO [A]I R
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Page 1: FINAL ADS AIR JOURNAL

STUDIO [A]I R

Page 2: FINAL ADS AIR JOURNAL

ExprEssion of intErEst

personal project

new czech national library

haesley nine bridges golf club

CAsE for innoVAtion

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pErsonAL proJECt

Last semester’s architecture design studio water required us to place ourselves in the shoes of another architect’s shoes. I was assigned to study Frank Lloyd Wright throughout the whole semester. Naturally, I became very familiar with his works; particularly his organic designs. Organic architecture is primarily focused on nature and therefore growth, His Fallingwater design, pictured above, is the very epitome of organic architecture.

The result of placing myself in Frank Lloyd Wright’s shoes is the design pictured below. My design is based on his ideas of what organic architecture is, but instead of just using pen and paper to design, I used SketchUp to facilitate me in the design process. What really interested me when working with SketchUp was the ability to freely move planes around. This gave me a chance to play around with the geometry and manipulate it freely.

With the new era of technology, I believe the parametric design is a very fertile field. I would like to embrace this technology to take what I already know about modelling one step further. Parametric design is generative and computational based design and is responsible for opening new doors and rein-venting the limit that existed with the conventional way of paper and pen that architecture once was. I believe parametric design is advancing design to a new architectural discourse for this reason.

Fallingwater designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in Pennylvania, USA.

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nEW CZECH nAtionAL LiBrArY

The metaphor presented in this design is something that should be strived for to give designs more meaning, and therefore, more soul. In this respect, this design very much relates to the Wyndham which is looking for a design that celebrates its urban growth. This sort of analogy is some-thing that I would very much like to incorporate in my pro-posal. This reason, along with the use of parametric design makes this a worthy precedent for the design of the Wynd-ham City gateway. The success of this design can be meas-ured in its entry in the international New Czech National Library competition in which it obtained relative success in that it managed to progress to the second round of the com-petition where only 59 out of 355 were left. [1] Its success is another reason why it is a worthy precedent for our design proposal.

The New Czech National Library shows the great potential of parametric design. Para-metric design allows for the complexities in geometries to be formed which are exacted in the branches of this design. It is only through parametric design that such com-plexities can be formed, and this is where it overtakes the existing means of conven-tional design in terms of raw possibilities. Also neatly incorporated in this design is the metaphor; a lime tree, which in Czech, symbolises life. Likewise, the lime tree also symbolises growth, evolution and cultural progression.

1. http://www.nkp.cz/competition_library/docs/proceedingsStageI.pdf

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HAEsLEY ninE BriDGEs GoLf CLUB

Another difficulty within such a design project is that it is actually im-possible to reduce the building to a few standardized parts, as it is the wrong way to rationalise a freeform project or parametric design in general. A better approach is to find common rules for all individual parts and to program those into a parametric 3D CAD model. This is be-cause parametric programs allow the possiblity to generate hundreds of detailed components and drawings at the click of a button. Overall, this building allows us to understand the unique advantages that para-metric modelling offers to us because it teaches us how it is valuable when there is an abundance of individual parts which have common rules with one another.

The Haesley Nine Bridges Golf Club located in Seoul, South Korea. The building itself that shelters the Club House is comprised of a canopy of woven timber girders and slender columns that support 32 roof elements. Whilst this may seem relatively simple, the real challenge is to develop parametric details which are easy to fabricate and assemble while performing well in thousands of dif-ferent shapes, orientations and loading conditions.

1. http://www.nkp.cz/competition_library/docs/proceedingsStageI.pdf

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promise of computation

Computers, as their name implies, are made to compute, and unlike humans, their abil-ity to store and recall memories are not limited. They are also able to process thousands of sequences of information much more quickly and more efficiently than humans can and without error. They are able to represent the results of these manipulations in the form most suitable for human comprehension: in textual reports, tables of numbers, charts, graphical constructions. Computers are there for humans when our brains ca-pacities fall short when it comes to these tasks.

Although computers are spec-tacular at carrying out in-structions, they cannot form instructions for themselves; this is their only major flaw. However, humans on the other hand, although we cannot per-form complicated calculations like computers can, we pos-sss both rational and creative abilities that can come up with instructions for computers to carry out the complex algo-rithms to formulate our design. In other words, humans and computers can form very po-tent symbiotic design systems capable of amazing designs by complementing each others’ limitations.

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innovations of parametric modeling

One of the many contempoary innovations associated with parametric design was the ability to play with the parameters of the design to tightly control shape, form and size. An example where this innovation is used is in the Aviva Stadium located in Dublin, Ireland. There were many constraints associated with the boundary conditions of where the statdium could be placed. Parametric modeling allowed variations in constraints to be accommodated and then communicated between the architects and engineers. The parametric technology allowed for the building geometry to form a dynamic cross-disciplinary link between architectural and structural design at the detailed design phase of a complex project. This allowed for architects to retain a lot of geometrical control over the stadium through the use of these constrains in the parameters.[2] This innovation that parametric modeling provides will be a very neat addition when it comes to generating the proposal for the Wyndham City gateway compe-tition because there are boundaries that exist on the site that we must be mindful of.

Another contemporary innovation provided by new computa-tional design techniques is FEM (finite elemental method). The method involves the geometric model being divided into small, interconnected mesh elements which are then used to accurately perform structural, energy, and fluid dynamics analyses for de-signs.[3] An example of this innovation being put into use is for the ‘Kunsthaus in Graz’ by Peter Cook and Colin Fournier pictured below. The original blobby shape of the design was altered af-ter digital structural analysis revealed that the structure overall could be improved by making minor changes in the shape of the design. This kind of technology will go a long way in architecture because it isn’t just important for the architectural design stage of the project, but also potentially improves the design in the real world to make it more stable and more functional.

2. http://populous.com/project/aviva-stadium/3. Kolarevic, Branko, Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing (New York; London: Spon Press, 2003), pp. 25.

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contemporary design

The Brussels airport connector project is a design that was realised through contemporary scripting and programming means. It was designed by the architecture firm UNStudio and as its name implies, the project is an airport connector meaning that it connects to part of the existing airport.

The design philosophy of the group when it came to this design was to come up with a de-sign that fits in with the existing architectural style that was already present with the airport. Contemporary scripting and programming cre-ated the opportunity and satisfied the condi-tions for a design to be fit physically between the existing airport structure. It allows this through the allowance of setting parameters to deal with physical constraints when it comes to dimensions and space.

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+ scripting cultures

Another motive for the group to utilise scripting and programming techniques is that it allows for deeper engagement between computers and users by au-tomating routine aspects and repetitive activities and hasten the overall design process and thus lower production costs.

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cut definitions:

This first batch of matrices is made with the combination of at-tractor curves and data driven rotation. The result of these two combinations is something very interesting as observed in the following matrices. The already interesting effect of attractor curves when in a matrix is enhanced when I threw the data driven rotation output into the mix. It allowed for much more random geometries and forms to result from the experimenta-tion with these two definitions.

I have found this process of designing to be very experimental which, not to say is not a bad thing or anything, but it is quite a different approach to me. The task given to us was to generate at least 30 definitions, and quite frankly, I thought this to be ridiculous at first. However, after consideration of Kalay’s design principle, it did not seem to be too much to ask of us. According to Kalay, search processes involve two steps: firstly, producing lots of candidate solutions for consideration; and secondly, choosing the right solution for further consideration and develop-ment. [4] The requirement to produce lots of possible designs means that there is a great amount of experimentation which means the eventual mastery of the cut definitions. Moreover, it means that there are more possible designs to choose from to eventually further develop the chosen few designs.

rEsEArCH proJECt

attractor curves + data driven rotation

4. Yehuda E. Kalay, Architecture’s New Media : Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 18.

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cut definitions: matrices

What I did here with this batch of matrices was use the simple attractor points/curves definition. Instead of us-ing a combination of definitions, I played around with the parameters and shapes of the original circles. The reason why I played around with these definitions was because I believe that although they were simple, they produce interesting patterns and were easy to manipu-late.

These matrices were the result of using the im-age sampler definition and the streaming text files definition. Both definitions produce interesting forms, especially when it comes to the streaming text files definition. The streaming text files defini-tion effectively pulls data from a text file and inter-prets it in defining the radii of circles or whatever other shape that is used. This is potentially a very powerful definition since there are so many ways of generating these streams.

attractor curves + data driven rotation

attractor curves

image sampler and streaming text files

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cut definitions:

The following set of matrices was cre-ated by using the overlapping patterns definition. With it, I was able to gener-ate interesting patterns. The alteration of parameters is also used here to show the effect of increasing/decreas-ing the shapes sizes and its effect on the overlapping pattern of the matrix. I also played with colours as seen in the bottom two matrices to further dem-onstrate the result of the overlapping patterns. .

overlapping patterns + changes in parameters

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cut definitions: matrices

With the multiple maths functions definition, I found that I was able to create many interesting matrices. The thing with this definition is that there are many different things that I could do to affect the form of the matrix.

An important thing to note is that because there are many possibilities of forms that can be achieved with this definition, the resultant matrices from changing the maths function within this definition is very much random and very different each time. This allows for a chance to experiment heavily with this definition.

This was why I spent so much time on this definition to come up with these intriguing shapes. I found that there were no limitations on what could be done with this definition in terms of what forms could be created; I was surprised by the forms I created ev-erytime.

multiple maths functions

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case study: banq restaurant

The BanQ restaurant situated in Boston utilises a parametric modeling system on the interior that integrates a wooded-slat-ted system pattern that hides the ceiling whilst also not inter-rupting any air circulation which is essential to any restaurant. It was one of the more important precedents in our design be-cause it deploys angles and perspectives as the ceiling height increases and decreases. Hence, such wave elements created by the wood in a parametric design model can be likened to a puzzle; only one possible location for each unit, formulating the continuous member.

We chose this design as our case study because of the inter-esting angles that result of the vertical timber planes. We have decided that our main primary focus would be on interesting angles and perspectives so this case study just made sense.

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case study: banq restaurant reverse engineering

Using the case study project: the BanQ Restaurant, we reverse engineered the physical design back to the grasshopper form shown below.

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fabrication

This is the grasshopper defi nition that we came up for the prototype of our design. Note that the image used in the image sampler will not be used in the fi nal design. The image of the tree is used only to demonstrate progress, and to show that an image can in fact be seen when you view the model from certain angles. The image of the tree was chosen as a metaphor for the ever development state of cultural growth that the city of Wyndham is currently undertaking.

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physical model

As with our focus on interesting angles and per-spectives, our physical model holds true to that. Nothing can be seen from this orthogonal angle, whereas;

from this angle, the image of the tree is clear. This shows potential for our final design and this is something we would like to further experiment with and develop.

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physical model:

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pictures

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CoMpEtitiVE ADVAntAGE

At the start of the semester, we had no idea what parametric design was and were taken aback by the very idea of it upon our first introduction. However, these last 8 weeks have been very enlightening for us and I feel that we have come a long way. Our research about grasshopper has taught us the great potential of grasshopper in the field of parametric design and we would like to use this new-found knowledge to help advance the city of Wyndham’s iconic monumental collection by designing an interesting and eye-catching installation. Our brief time with Grasshopper as a design tool should not be seen as a lack of experience on our part, but should be seen as a new starting point and per-spective that will lead to innovative ideas that will give rise to concepts that surpass contemporary design ideas.

Our focus is also is to display the recent influx of cultural growth within in the council of Wyndham. To display such growth, the imagery of the tree is utilised to illustrate this. The thriving nature of the tree is therefore one of the main concepts within our design phase to highlight the cultural growth of Wyndham council. Hence, we are not only are we aiming to create a proposal that is interesting and eyecatching, but also to provide an impression that lasts long after the first experience.

For the city of Wyndham, we want to design a gateway that is not only eye catching from the outside, but also from the inside. We have come up with this idea after considering both the driver and the passengers. Our logic is that the driver can only see what is ahead of them, whereas passengers are more drawn towards the sides of the vehicle. Keeping this in mind, we coincided with the idea that we can design a parametric model that is specifically aimed at the driver who looks ahead, and in doing so, sees a visual pattern that. The passengers on the other hand, will be able to see through the slits as the car passes travels through the gateway and see the surrounding landscape and other interesting displays caused by the patterns in the parametric model. Essentially, what we want to do is to create an experience for both the driver and the passengers.

As it is evident, we have played around with, in one respect, endless possibilities in parameters and matrices. Our experimentation with matrices along with support by strong precedents and unique ideas will ensure that the proposal for the gateway will bring success to Wyndham City. In the end we are not only designing something exciting and eye-catching, we are also focusing on the context of the gateway in terms of the social and cultural growth of Wyndham city.

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LEArninG oBJECtiVEs

The individual learning objectives that I have been referring to are as follows:

• familiarising myself with parametric design and realising its potential• being able to formulate a design that fits in with the design brief• being able to come up with a design that is not typical, one that dares to try

something different and unique• be able to persist through problems• being able fabricate in the face of complexity

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progression of ideas:

Our original idea for using our concept model follows that the grasshopper definition projecting the planes that resemble an image will be projected on a curved surface instead of a flat surface. We had the initial idea of projecting it on the inner side of a tunnel-like form. That way, we get to utilise our idea whereby the driver gets to see an image formed by the planes, whereas the pas-sengers get to see through the slits of the planes and therefore see the existing landscape and greenery.

However, we quickly realised that projecting the planes on a curved surface would be very different to projecting it on a flat surface. The huge difference between a flat and curved sur-face was that there is a difference on dip heights of the planes that we would have to account for. These dip heights would obviously be the greatest at the top part of the tunnel. This limitation would mean that if we projected an image through planes onto the curved surface, the differences in height and shape that originally define the image would be lost.

The work around to this would be man-ually compensate for this difference in height towards the top of the tunnel. however, we quickly realised that this would not work that well because when we do compensate for this difference in height, we are effectively making the surface flat in form anyway.

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problems

Another source of limitation for this design is perception. Perception is a funny thing, what we can see on a computer screen and what we see in real life are vrey different. Part of our design is to allow for the passengers inside cars to see through the slits and be able to see the landscape and greenery beyond it. However, as the diagram below illustrates, the limtation of perception is that sight originates from a single point and then converges outwards; contrary to seeing things on a computer screen which does not consider perception in the convergent sense.

With these limitations discovered, we realised that we couldn’t go along this path anymore.

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inspiration:

Having discovered that our latest idea will not work, we turned to other things that still relate to optical illusions. We happened to stumble upon a very simple but effective illusion called scanimations. The illusion consists of the scanimation image and the striped image. The picture below is an example of one and it can be seen in action by visiting:http://www.blogoscoped.com/files/stripes.html

How this illusion works is by using a sim-ple concept: by hiding and showing certain frames of an animation. The frames that do not want to be seen at certain times is hid-den by the black stripes. And the frames that want to be seen are shown through the slits of the stripe pattern. This logic is ap-plied throughout the scanimation image to reflect what should be seen at certain posi-tions of the stripe pattern and what should not be seen.

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ideas

Understanding this simple concept, I went on to make my own scanimation illusion. I accomplished this effect in Photoshop, and the frames of the ani-mation can be seen below.

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realising

Keeping this optical illusion in mind, our next step was to develop a para-metric model based on it. This step took much consideration and careful thought into the form of the design. The concept of this illusion is a very heavy constraint in terms of what we can do with the form.

consideration in both form and function as intertwined entities is what true design

is

However, we, like successful designers, welcomed this problem and went ahead and came up with the design solution with both the function and form in mind. We realised that we could not treat function and form as separate entities, as they have to be considered as one in order to design on a successful level.

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realising the illusion

Our first idea for the design was very literal. We would have a long section of the scanimation that stretches along site B to the right of the road to Wyndham, followed by another long section of the stripper pattern. This was the simplest way to go about animat-ing something in our design. However, we concluded that the form would not be up to our standards.

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next problem:

Our next endeavour was much more ambitious in comparison when it came to the form. Our idea was to find another way of getting the same illusion by using the same concept in the scanimations. The simple and most basic overall idea of the scanimation illusion consists of two parts. The exposure of frames, and the hiding of frames. The hiding of frames is accomplished by the black stripes, and the exposing of the frames is shown in the slits. Basically for this illusion to work, we needed something else to expose and hide the frames.

?

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form

We eventually came up with another system to emulate this hiding and exposing of frames. Our idea was to cut holes in a structure at a specifi c angle to show an image. We accom-plished this parametrically in Grasshopper by composing a defi nition that can project holes through a surface at a certain angle.

The beauty of this system was that it also makes it possible for more than one animation to be projected onto the planes at a different angle. We decided to be ambitious and include two animations. One projected at intervals of 30 degrees and the other at intervals of 60 degrees. The reasoning behind this was to allow both the driver (at 30 degrees) and the pas-sengers (at 60 degrees).

?

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next problem:

Our first idea for the form was to having column-like planes placed all over the place to from a straight plane when viewed from a certain per-spective. These columns then have holes punched through at the certain angles by using the definition we formulated.

The problem with this form was that it was a little too complicated, so we opted for a simpler form.

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form

Our next idea was simplify this form. The form we came up involved finding another form which we can punch the holes into that will retain the illusion. In the end, we opted for punching the holes into two planes placed in parallel to each other. This form both looked good and provided the conditions for the illusion to work.

bird’s eye view

perspective view

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next problem:

Having decided on this basic form, we felt the need to fur-ther work on the details of it. We wanted the design to have a connection to the city of Wynd-ham.

We drew inspiration mainly from the logo of Wyndham City which features sine and cosine waves as tide waves. Using this as a source of in-spiration, we drew up the form in Rhino.

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form

We then made a grasshopper defi nition and applied it to the surface of the waves. This made the form a lot more interesting.

We also decided on two animations: a growing tree and a boomerang in mid-fl ight. The growing tree would be used to symbolise Wyndham City’s strong urban growth, whereas the boomerang would be used to show the cul-tural roots of the city. Both animations will consist of 150 frames that will be projected on the planes.

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limitations of

Next up was the fabrication process. It is important to note that we are only fabricat-ing a section of our design because our de-sign is too long. We already had our sights set on getting out model laser cut for us to put everything together. However, there is one major limitation when it comes to the laser cutter that is detrimental to our de-sign. Our illusion requires the images to be projected and cut through at an angle, how-ever, the limitation of the laser cutter is that it is only done at an angle perpendicular to the surface. This meant that showing our il-lusion in the physical model would be very difficult.

Because of this, we sought out other ways of showing the ability to see the images at different angles. These methods will be discussed in the coming pages.

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fabrication

This is the result of our fabrication:

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physical

One way of getting around the limitation posed by the laser cutter was to show that images could be seen at different angles. One way of doing this was to facilitate it by having two different colours of images. In this case, we used red for the boomerang and blue for the tree. Looking through the first plane at an angle of 30 degrees shows the red boomerangs. Whereas seeing through the first plane at an angle of 60 degrees shows a blue tree.

red boomerangs seen at 30 degrees

blue trees seen at 60 degrees

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physical model

Another way of showing this illusion would to make a model to show that the concept of showing and hiding things are different angles actually works. So we then put together a simple model to show the idea behind our illusion.

model seen through at 60 degrees

model seen through at 30 degrees

model seen from bird’s eye view

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proJECt proposAL

Our innovative idea for the project was built upon one of the clear objectives that must be completed in the brief which outlined that the gateway should be “eye-catching” and “exciting”. Our personal endeavour was to encourage thought beyond the first encounter – something that would create a lasting impression on the people who visit Wyndham.

Therefore, we soon came up with the concept of using parametric design to create illusions for the perception of passengers visit-ing Wyndham. The projected image of a tree came to symbolise Wyndham and its growing community. As the car travels towards Wyndham, passengers will be able to see a moving image of a small seedling growing into a large tree through optical illusion on the wall of the structure.

Furthermore, while it seems that this only caters for the passen-gers of the car, the driver also sees another illusion of an animation of a boomerang from afar – thereby also considering the cultural and historical significance of Wyndham. The design will also be complemented by a parametric curve on the top and bottom of the structure with a parametric design pattern, thus giving the struc-ture its form.

Overwhelmingly, the gateway project will provide visitors of Wynd-ham with a lasting impression for years to come through this unique with exhilarating illusion.

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proJECt proposAL LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OUTCOMES

This semester has been very challenging for me because there was so much asked of me. Firstly, the require-ment of Rhinoceros 4.0 usage was new to me as I had never used it before. Secondly, also new to me was the scripting interface known as Grasshopper, which would be the graphical algorithm editor to realise complex geometries and forms. Basically, I started this semester with no knowledge of how to use these programs nor do anything with it. However, coming towards the end of the semester now, I can honestly say that I have managed to achieve a lot.

I have done a lot of research into parametric design which is evident in the expression of interest section of my journal. Through this research, I have been successful in realising the potential of parametric design in the future of architecture. Parametric design would seem like a very fertile piece of area for the future of architecture because of its undeniable advantages and conveniences over more conventional means of desig, such as allowing tight integration between engineers and architects (a problem plaguing design and construc-tion since the very beginning of each profession), and having tight control over the parameters that control geometry, form and size.

Something that has also resulted from this semester’s hard work was my ability to formulate a design that fits in with a design brief. This is evident in my design proposal that firstly aspires to make my design exciting and eye-catching. However, more significantly is its fitting in with the contextual aspect of the design brief. I focused on both the present rapid communal growth and the cultural roots of Wyndham Ciy, and ultimately what I hope to have achieved is create a long-lasting impression for the users of the freeway.

Another aspect over the course of the semester I pride myself on is the fact that I dared to do something dif-ferent and unique. I was not scared of coming up with ideas that were atypical. Where most students applied parametric definitions to surfaces to create form, I applied parametry towards function, not just form. This caused me to spend hours upon hours engaged in experimentation, which often, lead to frustration. However, knowing that I tried my best to experiment and come up with unique ideas, it was worth it because of the satisfaction I have achieve from my own work.

Also relating to frustation was my surprising ability to persist with problems and find ways around it. Through-out the semester, I ran into countless potentially stand-still problems that treatened my project. However, I persisted through these challenging obstacles time after time to achieve what I have here now. Being able to persist through problems was a very valuable thing when objectives need to be met.

Learning to fabricate models was another surprising feat that I was able to achieve during this semester. This is evident in the many models that I had made over the last few weeks. Complexity was something that did not scare me and because of this, I managed to achieve the successful completion of the models.

Overall, although this semester has been a long and arduous, it has also proven to be very rewarding evident in the objectives I have managed to achieve. I believe that it is through the circumstances of pressure that has helped me achieve what I have achieved today and to have met my goals and outcomes.

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