Final CDP Berhampur Dec 08

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Content

1. Introduction .....................................................................................................1

1.1. Background ..............................................................................................................1

1.2. Urban Infrastrucutre development scheme for small and medium towns (uidssmt)

and Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) ...................................1

1.3. City Development Plan.............................................................................................2

1.3.1. Objectives.........................................................................................................3

1.3.2. Scope of the work.............................................................................................3

1.4. Approach and Methodology......................................................................................5

1.5. Spatial coverage of the Berhampur City Development Plan ...................................12

1.6. Timeframe for CDP ................................................................................................12

1.7 The relationship between master plan and CDP ..........................................................13

2. City Profile and Economy.............................................................................14

2.1. Location and Linkage .............................................................................................14

2.2. Regional Setting .....................................................................................................14

2.3. Physical Characteristics: ........................................................................................15

2.3.1. Geography:.....................................................................................................15

2.3.2. Topography and Drainage Channel:...............................................................16

2.3.3. Climate: ..........................................................................................................16

2.3.4. Geology: .........................................................................................................16

2.4. Historical Importance and Growth: .........................................................................16

2.5. Area and Population: ..............................................................................................17

2.6. Culture and Heritage: .............................................................................................19

2.7. Socio Economic Characteristics: ............................................................................21

2.7.1. Trade and Commerce:....................................................................................24

2.7.2. Tourism ..........................................................................................................24

2.7.3. Industrial Activity.............................................................................................27

3. Land use and Environment ..........................................................................29

3.1. Land Use................................................................................................................29

3.1.1. Master Plan/ Land Use Plan ...........................................................................29

3.1.2. Future growth prospects .................................................................................32

3.1.3. Key Issues – Development Planning ..............................................................32

3.2. Urban Environment System : Overview..................................................................33

3.2.1. Conservation of Water Bodies ........................................................................34

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3.2.2. Key issues - Environment ...............................................................................36

4. Disaster Management ...................................................................................37

4.1. Introduction: ...........................................................................................................37

4.2. Disaster in Orissa: ..................................................................................................37

4.3. Patterns of Disasters: .............................................................................................38

4.3.1. Floods:............................................................................................................38

4.3.2. Cyclone: .........................................................................................................38

4.4. City’s Experience:...................................................................................................40

4.4.1. Seasonality of Disaster ...................................................................................40

4.4.2. Vulnerability of the city....................................................................................41

4.5. Policies:..................................................................................................................42

4.6. Strategies: ..............................................................................................................43

4.6.1. List of Stakeholders: .......................................................................................45

4.6.2. Institutional Framework:..................................................................................45

4.6.3. Vulnerable Factors Of Damage And The Risks ..............................................46

4.6.4. Strategies for Response .................................................................................46

4.6.5. Evacuation and Temporary Shelter ................................................................46

4.6.6. Search & Rescue............................................................................................47

4.6.7. First Aid ..........................................................................................................47

5. Urban Management and Governance..........................................................48

5.1. Urban Local Bodies – New Context of Local Government ......................................48

5.2. City Management ...................................................................................................48

5.3. Berhampur Municipality ..........................................................................................52

5.3.1. Overview ........................................................................................................52

5.3.2. Political wing:..................................................................................................54

5.3.3. Administrative wing:........................................................................................55

5.4. Employee Strength of Berhampur Municipality .......................................................56

5.5. Major constraints and difficulties faced by the Municipality are:..............................58

5.6. Key issues:.............................................................................................................63

6. Urban Infrastructure Status..........................................................................64

6.1. Overview ................................................................................................................64

6.2. Water supply: .........................................................................................................64

6.2.1. Source, Availability, Transmission and Treatment ..........................................64

6.2.2. Service Reservoir/Storage and Distribution System .......................................67

6.2.3. System Coverage ...........................................................................................68

6.2.4. Financial Analysis and Performance Indicator ................................................69

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6.2.5. Institutional Aspect .........................................................................................71

6.2.6. Key Issues:.....................................................................................................72

6.3. Sewerage: ..............................................................................................................73

6.3.1. Existing situation.............................................................................................73

6.3.2. Key Issues......................................................................................................74

6.4. Storm water Drain: .................................................................................................74

6.4.1. Existing situation.............................................................................................74

6.4.2. Demand Gap Assesment and Institutional Aspects ........................................75

6.4.3. Key Issues......................................................................................................76

6.5. Solid Waste Management ......................................................................................76

6.5.1. Existing Situation: ...........................................................................................76

6.5.2. Waste Generation...........................................................................................77

6.5.3. Storage and Segregation................................................................................77

6.5.4. Collection, Transportation, Treatment and Disposal ......................................78

6.5.5. Performance Indicator ....................................................................................80

6.5.6. Key Issues......................................................................................................80

6.6. Road Traffic and Transportation .............................................................................81

6.6.1. Eisiting Situation .............................................................................................81

6.6.2. Performance Indicator and Institutional Aspects.............................................83

6.6.3. Key Issues......................................................................................................84

6.7. Street Lighting ........................................................................................................84

6.7.1. System Description.........................................................................................84

6.7.2. Performance Indicator ....................................................................................85

6.7.3. Key issues: .....................................................................................................86

7. Urban Poverty and Social Development .....................................................87

7.1. Existing Situtation...................................................................................................87

7.1.1. Socio Economic characteristics: .....................................................................90

7.1.2. Current status of services in slums: ................................................................91

7.2. Slum Improvement Programme:.............................................................................93

7.2.1. Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (S J S R Y):......................................93

7.2.2. National Slum Development Programme (NSDP):..........................................95

7.2.3. Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY):..................................................95

7.2.4. Antodaya Anna Yojana: ..................................................................................95

7.2.5. Annapurna Scheme:.......................................................................................96

7.3. Key Issues:.............................................................................................................96

8. Gender Mainstreaming .................................................................................97

8.1. Introduction: ...........................................................................................................97

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8.2. Why Mainstreaming Gender: ..................................................................................97

8.3. Current situation: ....................................................................................................98

8.4. Strategies for Integrating Gender Concern: ............................................................99

8.4.1. Water Supply: .................................................................................................99

8.4.2. Sanitation: ......................................................................................................99

8.4.3. Solid Waste Management:..............................................................................99

8.4.4. Traffic and transportation................................................................................99

8.4.5. Slum Improvement .........................................................................................99

8.4.6. Local Economic Development ......................................................................100

8.4.7. Other Gender Related Strategies .................................................................100

8.5. Gender checklist...................................................................................................100

8.5.1. Planning and Design of Projects:..................................................................100

8.5.2. Project Implementation: ................................................................................101

8.5.3. Project Evaluation:........................................................................................102

9. Urban Finance .............................................................................................103

9.1. General ................................................................................................................103

9.2. Financial Performance of Berhampur Municipality................................................103

9.3. Revenue account .................................................................................................104

9.3.1. Revenue Receipt ..........................................................................................105

9.3.2. Property Tax.................................................................................................110

9.3.3. Revenue Expenditure ...................................................................................111

9.3.4. Key issues ....................................................................................................116

10. Vision and Strategic Action Plan ...............................................................118

10.1. SWOT Analysis: ...............................................................................................118

10.2. Vision Statement ..............................................................................................118

10.3. Projection of Future Population ........................................................................119

10.4. Strategic Action Plan ........................................................................................119

10.4.1. Strategies for Water Supply: .....................................................................119

10.4.2. Strategies for Sewerage and Sanitation:...................................................123

10.4.3. Strategies for Storm Water Drains: ...........................................................125

10.4.4. Strategies for Solid Waste Management:..................................................127

10.4.5. Strategies for Traffic and transportation....................................................131

10.4.6. Strategies for Slum Improvement .............................................................134

10.4.7. Strategies for Urban Environment:............................................................136

10.4.8. Strategies for Local Economic Development ............................................138

10.4.9. Strategies for Municipal Finance Improvement .........................................140

10.4.10. Strategies for Social Infrastructure............................................................142

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11. City Investment Plan and FOP ...................................................................144

11.1. City Investment Plan.........................................................................................144

11.2. Financing Arrangement for Berhampur.............................................................144

11.3. Implementation mechanism for CDP ................................................................145

11.4. Identified projects in each sectors and Roles of responsibilities of institutions for

implementing the projects proposed:................................................................................146

11.5. Year wise investment plan................................................................................152

11.6. Financial Operating Plan: .................................................................................157

Lists of Tables

Table 1: Master plan area, development area and city area...................................................13

Table 2: Salient features of Berhampur city ...........................................................................14

Table 3: Berhampur Development Area.................................................................................17

Table 4: Growth of population of Berhampur Municipality since 1961 ....................................18

Table 5: Key socio economic features ...................................................................................22

Table 6: Occupational Pattern................................................................................................23

Table 7: Details of Occupational Pattern of main worker........................................................24

Table 8: Other facilities (in numbers) .....................................................................................24

Table 9: Number of Tourist Inflow ..........................................................................................25

Table 10: Land Use Pattern ...................................................................................................29

Table 11: Proposed land use under Master Plan for 1986 (Developed Area).........................31

Table 12: Proposed land use under Master Plan for 1986 (Berhampur Urban Area) .............31

Table 13: Seasonality of disaster ...........................................................................................40

Table 14: Legislative Basis of Governing Institutions .............................................................49

Table 15: State and City level Institutional Framework..........................................................50

Table 16: Institutions for Urban Infrastructure ........................................................................52

Table 17: Sanctioned and existing strength of Employees of BM as on 31.03.2007 ..............57

Table 18: Performance of 12th Schedule Functions – Municipal Corporation ........................59

Table 19: Timeline for reform of the function listed under the 12th schedule..........................60

Table 20: Time line for Reforms.............................................................................................61

Table 21: Sources of water ....................................................................................................65

Table 22: No. of Storage Reservoirs with capacity.................................................................68

Table 23: Connection Details .................................................................................................68

Table 24: Deficit in Water Supply for Different Horizon ..........................................................69

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Table 25: Tariff Structure Water Supply ................................................................................70

Table 26: Connection Costs....................................................................................................70

Table 27: Financial aspect of water supply ............................................................................70

Table 28: Water supply –Performance Indicators/Benchmark................................................71

Table 29: Existing situation ....................................................................................................75

Table 30: Details of Waste Generation ..................................................................................77

Table 31: Frequency of garbage collection ............................................................................79

Table 32: Machinery status for collection and transportation of solid waste ...........................80

Table 33: Performance indicator ............................................................................................80

Table 34: Type of paved surface and corresponding length maintained by the BM ...............82

Table 35:Length maintained by the Works Department (R&B Division) 2005-2006 ...............82

Table 36: Mode mix ...............................................................................................................82

Table 37: Number of Road Accidents ....................................................................................83

Table 38: Performance Indicator ............................................................................................83

Table 39: Street Lighting Coverage........................................................................................85

Table 40: Details of Street Lights ...........................................................................................85

Table 41: Performance Indicator ............................................................................................86

Table 42: City vs Slum ...........................................................................................................88

Table 43: Slum Details - 1997-98 Slums Survey....................................................................89

Table 44: Slum Details - Census 2001...................................................................................90

Table 45: Socio Economic characteristics..............................................................................90

Table 46: % of HH living in squatter settlement without access to the services......................92

Table 47: Poverty Alleviation Programs .................................................................................93

Table 48: Revenue receipt of Berhampur Municipality from various sources .......................105

Table 49: Population forecast .............................................................................................119

Table 50: Basic Assumptions of Berhampur Municipality .....................................................158

Table 51: Financial Operating Plan ......................................................................................159

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Lists of Figures

Figure 1: Location map ..........................................................................................................15

Figure 2: Ward population......................................................................................................19

Figure 3: Ward Density ..........................................................................................................19

Figure 4: Wind and Cyclone Zones in Orissa .........................................................................39

Figure 5: Map showing the disaster affected areas in Orissa .................................................39

Figure 6: Structure of the municipality – Political wing ...........................................................54

Figure 7: Structure of the municipality –Administrative Wing..................................................55

Figure 8: Total income vs expenditure 2001-06 ...................................................................104

Figure 9: Growth rate of income and expenditure ................................................................104

Figure 10: Year wise percentage share of the income .........................................................106

Figure 11: Growth rate of revenue receipt............................................................................108

Figure 12: Municipal Revenue Expenditure..........................................................................111

Figure 13: Percentage share of expenditures ......................................................................112

Figure 14: Growth rate of revenue expenditure....................................................................113

Lists of Maps

Map 1:Map showing the Municipal boundary .........................................................................17

Map 2: Master plan ................................................................................................................30

Map 3: Growth pattern ...........................................................................................................32

Map 4: Public water bodies ....................................................................................................34

Map 5: Map of Berhampur showing the streets to be provided with lighting arrangement......85

Map 6: Map showing the spatial distribution of slum ..............................................................89

Lists of Plates

Plates 1: Water bodies ...........................................................................................................35

Plates 2: Drainage .................................................................................................................75

Plates 3: Solid Waste Management .......................................................................................78

Plates 4: Slums in Berhampur................................................................................................93

City Developemnt Plan, Berhampur

Administrtive Staff College of India, Hyderabad

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND

Orissa is a prominent state of India with a long coastline and is a storehouse of

mineral wealth. Because of its mineral wealth and strategic location it attracts

significant investment in steel, aluminum, power, refineries, and infrastructure. Orissa

is also emerging as a player in the outsourcing of IT (Information Technology) and IT

services. Contemporary Orissa has a rich cultural heritage that is an outcome of the

intermingling of three great religious traditions - Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

The state has a population of 36.8 million (2001 Census). About 85% of the

population lives in the villages. Orissa is one of the 5th least urbanized states in India

with only 15% of its population (5.5 million) living in towns and cities. The state

comprises of 103 urban local bodies (ULB’s) comprising of two municipal

corporations and 101 municipalities.

The urban areas in the state have huge potential for promoting economic growth and

reducing poverty but are constrained by various factors such as lack of financial

resources, poor level of services, and weak capability of ULB’s. Government of India,

state government and multi lateral agencies such as DFID, UNDP etc are playing a

significant role in enabling the ULB’s to overcome these challenges. In this context,

GoI has launched fiscal incentive programmes viz., JnNURM, UIDSSMT, IHSDP that

provide significant grant support linked to reforms implementation. These

programmes offer huge opportunities to ULB’s for promoting economic growth and

service delivery in an equitable manner.

1.2. URBAN INFRASTRUCUTRE DEVELOPMENT SCHEME FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM

TOWNS (UIDSSMT) AND JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN RENEWAL MISSION

(JNNURM)

Considering the growing role of cities as engines of economic growth and for

reducing poverty in the country, the Government of India (GOI) has launched the

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Urban

Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT), with

the aim to create economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities.

Under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, 63 cities are eligible



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for accessing funds. These 63 cities comprise of mega cities, metropolitan cities,

capital cities and cities of architectural and cultural importance. To access funds

under JNNURM, these 63 cities are required to prepare a City Development Plan

(CDP) and implement a set of reforms at the State and the City level by entering into

a tripartite agreement. Under JNNURM it is mandatory to prepare the City

Development Plan through consultative process. The remaining cities and towns are

covered under the UIDSSMT programme, which also provides grant support by

linking investments to reforms implementation. Under UIDSSMT towns and cities are

encouraged to formulate City Development Plans for holistic and planned

development.

1.3. CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The City Development Plan under JNNURM and UIDSSMT focuses on the

development of economic and social infrastructure, strategies that deal specifically

with issues affecting the urban poor, strengthening of municipal governments and

their financial accounting and budgeting systems and procedures, creation of

structures for bringing in accountability and transparency, and elimination of legal

and other bottlenecks that have stifled the land and housing markets. It provides a

basis for cities to undertake urban sector reforms that help direct investment into city-

based infrastructure.

The CDP of a city is a reflection of the city’s stakeholders aspirations and comprises

of vision for the city, a strategic action plan and city assistance programme.

In this context State Urban Development Agency SUDA (a state level nodal agency),

Government of Orissa has appointed Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI),

Hyderabad as Consultant for the preparation of city development plans (CDP) for

three cities i.e. Cuttack, Berhampur & Sambalpur of Orissa. These three cities i.e.

Cuttack, Berhampur and Sambalpur have been covered under UIDSSMT as well as

Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) and the preparation

of CDPs by ASCI assumes importance in this context.

The study entrusted to ASCI also assumes importance in the context of recently

launched UNDP project titled “Capacity Building for Decentralized Urban

Governance” for four Urban Local Bodies namely Cuttack, Puri, Berharmpur,



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Sambalpur, to improve their infrastructure and quality of life that falls far short of

global benchmarks. The UNDP project also envisages preparation of City

Development Plans (CDPs) for the project cities.

The Administrative Staff College of India has prepared the CDP reports for the cities

of Cuttack, Berhampur and Sambalpur separately. This report presents the City

Development Plan for Berhampur city.

1.3.1. OBJECTIVES

The purpose of CDP is to present and analyze the current status of city development,

identify priorities and future requirements and provide a framework and vision for

effective implementation of development projects. It emphasizes on issues of priority

local concerns for livability, and the implied requirements in terms of:

- Enhancing Service delivery and productivity

- Reducing poverty

- Specific emphasis to gender

- Improving urban governance and

- Enhancing financial sustainability

- Preparing the cities for effective disaster management.

1.3.2. SCOPE OF THE WORK

The CDP is prepared keeping in view the tool kits, guidelines and instructions

provided by SUDA, and also JnNURM guidelines for preparation of CDP. The scope

of work included the following:

1. A situation analysis, focusing on demographic trends, land use pattern,

economic growth, city governance and status on access and coverage of services

(i.e. water supply, sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management, road network,

urban transport, street lighting, redevelopment of inner (old) city area, basic services

to urban poor and other social infrastructure).

2. Study of existing setup of departments, issues of inter departmental

coordination and review of various projects being executed or proposed.

3. A future perspective for the city clearly showing the direction of change as

well as a vision and framework for economic growth and increased access to



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services. (sectoral agenda, reform agenda, quality of life, urban services, social and

gender inclusion etc.)

4. Formulating development strategies in the areas of economic development,

governance, land use, urban poor, core municipal infrastructure, urban environment

and cultural heritage etc., prioritization and linkage with reform agendas.

5. City Investment Plan (CIP) with clear estimates of investments and financing

options, referring to the order of investment needed to implement the perspective and

alternative financing strategies.

6. To identify key institutional stakeholders, their financial status report with

service provision including an analysis of their creditworthiness and efficiency of the

institutional framework.

7. To prepare population forecast for next 20 Years i.e. year 2027 by standard

methods and to incorporate the proposed population with approval of the concerned

Urban Local Bodies.

8. To consult relevant parastatal department like Sambalpur Development

Authority (SDA), Berhampur Development Authority (BDA), Cuttack Development

Authority (CDA), Housing Board, Slum Clearance Board, NH, NHAI, Railway, State

Electricity Company, Irrigation Department. OSRTC, State R & B, Environment &

Forest, Bureau of Economics and Statistics etc. before preparation of CDP so that

projects concerned with them are included in the CDP for the advantage of the ULB.

9. To organize meetings and workshops with various stakeholders and to

consider the outcomes and issues that arises in such meetings. These outcomes

and issues shall be considered while framing the CDP.

10. To give special attention and consideration for the works to be taken up for

cities that have pertinent potential for developing as tourism center, city of historical

and heritage importance, coastal town or tribal town in the over all regional context.



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11. To undertake a review of the existing situation with regard to disaster and

environmental threats along with the current framework to address these threats and

the strategy / options needed to mitigate such threats.

1.4. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

The overall approach and methodology for the implementation of the assignment

involves collection and analysis of primary and secondary data and discussions and

consultations with key stakeholders.

The process of developing a CDP has been presented below:

The city assessment

Opportunities, strengths, risks

and weaknesses unmet

demand / gap

Future perspective and vision

Direction of change and

expectations

Future perspective and vision

Multi – stakeholder

Consultations

Strategies for development

Options and strategies link with

reform agenda criteria for

prioritization

City investment plan &

financial alternatives

Parameters

Demography

Economic base

Financial aspect

Physical & environment

Infrastructure

Institutions

Sectors / components

Environmental services

Social infrastructure

Urban renewal. Slum

improvement and

housing for EWS.

Transport and roads

Services to the urban

poor Institutions



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The study has involved four key phases for

the CDP Preparation. Phase 1, focused on

current state assessment with assistance

from State Urban Development Agency

(SUDA) Bhubaneswar. This phase has laid

the foundation for planning and undertaking

the CDP process and consisted of the

following steps:

Initial Meetings: ASCI team has met the key officials of SUDA, the officials of urban local body and

other key institutions including the parastatals to initiate the exercise.

STEP 1: Stakeholder Identification and Analysis

ASCI, in consultation with SUDA and local ULB officials has identified the key

stakeholders, analyzed the importance of each of them in the CDP process and their

potential in influencing the process. The stakeholders’ were extensively involved in

the CDP process.

STEP 2: Initial Stakeholders’ Consultations

ASCI with support from SUDA and ULB has organized a city level consultation

meeting to obtain the inputs of the key stakeholders. The objective of the consultation

meeting was to brief the stakeholders about the CDP initiative, obtain their inputs for

Phase 1 Preparatory Phase

Phase 2 Envisioning Phase

Phase 3 Strategizing Phase

Phase 4 Documentation Phase

Initial Stakeholders’

Consultations

STEP 2

Phase 1

Initial

Meetings

STEP 1

Stakeholder

Identification and

Analysis

Current State

Assessment

STEP 3



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the same and inform the progress of activities. The consultations focused on the

following:

Inputs on identification of critical focus areas of city development

Discussions on key issues, concerns and challenges of the city

Suggestions and recommendations with respect to proposed exercise

STEP 3: Current State Assessment

ASCI has undertaken a study of the current situation in the areas of economy, land

use, services and poverty with the stakeholders’ participation and involvement. The

objective of this step was to obtain comprehensive information and consequently, an

in-depth understanding of the existing state of affairs in terms of information

necessary for preparation of the city development plan. This helped to identify the

critical sectors of development and focus areas.



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City Assessment

Study the past and existing development plans/ policies/ initiatives with respect to infrastructure, poverty, disaster, gender, economy, environment, etc. and their impact on the city

Demographic and socio economic status of the city, spatial spread and growth direction; associated issues, strategy options to address key issues

Institutional arrangements: key stakeholder agencies, their functional and territorial jurisdictions, organizational capacities and associated issues like coordination, overlapping of functions etc.

Current level of housing and urban basic services in the city – in terms of quantity, coverage, quality and reliability – current demand supply gaps and future requirement based on appropriate norms of service delivery/ stakeholder expectation; project identification and description, CIP

Assessment of the financial status of the ULB and other parastatal agencies; bringing out key financial indicators and an assessment or credit worthiness of the stakeholder agency in terms of financial performance and operating surpluses

Identification of the key issues, challenges and focus areas of growth and development which may include urban poor, areas of inner city for urban renewal, commercial and industrial establishments, heritage areas, etc.

Forecasting the trends in population growth, infrastructure needs and resource requirements in the short, medium and long term



9

Phase 2 Envisioning Phase

Phase 2 of the study involved envisioning exercise with various key stakeholder

organizations. The objective of this phase was to draw up a City Strategic Vision and

City Investment Planning for the thrust areas identified, in discussion with SUDA and

ULB.

STEP 1: Theme Development

The vision for the city was evolved around specific themes for development. ASCI

has assisted stakeholders in identifying one central or core theme on the basis of

defined criteria for economic development of each city, driving the future planning

and economic initiatives. The core theme was supported by other themes built

around it as sub-themes for growth/ development.

Theme Identification Criteria:

1. Potential Economic Impact

2. Multiplier Effect on Other Sectors

3. Uniqueness of Positioning

STEP 2: Thrust Area Identification

Subsequently, ASCI has identified the thrust areas taking into consideration the

stakeholders aspirations and expectations of key officials of SUDA. Within each

thrust area, the development enablers, that require focused attention for the

development of each city, were identified.

Theme Development

Thrust Area Identification

STEP 1

Phase 2: Envisioning Phase

Future State Definition

Visioning Workshop

Preparation & Refinement of CIP

STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5



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STEP 3: Future State Definition

Based on the above activities and inputs from the previous exercises, a draft vision

was formulated to present and share with the key stakeholders for their inputs and

approval.

STEP 4: Visioning Workshop

A visioning workshop was conducted with the key stakeholders to present and

discuss the draft vision and the sectoral strategies for the city.

STEP 5: Preparation and Refinement of CCP/ CIP

Subsequent to formulation of the City Strategic Vision, a City Investment Plan was

formulated for various key areas of development identified as part of sectoral

strategies for achieving the defined vision. The specific programs and projects for

realization of the vision and sectoral strategies were identified.

Phase 3:Stratigizing Phase

This phase has involved identification of specific program and projects in each

development area and a brief description of them covering an overview of the

proposed program/project including the program/ project goal, objectives, broad

financial implications and contribution to the vision actualization.

Thrust Areas For Each City

Industry Governance Social Development

Economic goals growth

engines

Stakeholder accountability and

participation streamlining

administration transparency

equitable service delivery

Poverty reduction and slum

improvement


Gender perspective



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STEP 1: Implementation Action Plan

This step involved preparation of an implementation plan with clear milestones for the

identified projects to ensure timely implementation and sustainable stakeholder

participation.

Implementation Plan

Phase 4: Documentation Phase

This phase has involved sharing of all the reports and outputs with SUDA, ULB and

key stakeholders and finalizing the same after incorporating their feedback. These

outputs are documented for the purpose of wider dissemination.

Integrating gender concerns in all the process:

A key thrust of the CDP is to bring gender focus in the preparation of CDP. This has

been ensured in the following ways:

1. In the stakeholder consultation and FGD, concerns, needs and priorities are

identified separately for women and men

2. Wherever possible, gender disaggregated data was colleted, analyzed and

presented.

3. Strategies and City investment plan are prepared incorporating the gender

development.

Programs/ Project

Identified

Responsible

agency/Stakeholder

Estimated Duration

Programs

Program 1

Program n

Project

Project 1

Project n



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1.5. SPATIAL COVERAGE OF THE BERHAMPUR CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The spatial coverage of the proposed Berhampur City Development Plan was

determined based on the following:

1. Mapping of the present development area (317.68 sq. kms) and its comparison

with the municipal area (37.09 sq. km.) and the potential areas of growth between

development area and the municipal area

2 City reconnaissance to understand the growth potential, growth directions and

extend of growth on the periphery/city outskirts beyond the municipal area.

3. Consultation with the stakeholders on the city’s future growth potential and

direction of growth.

A review of the growth potential within the development area and around the

municipal limits indicates that the areas which have been registered rapid growth in

the recent past do not form part of municipal or city jurisdiction. These areas mainly

constitute the Gopalpur area, Chatrapur area and the 18 revenue villages

surrounding the municpal limits. Discussions also revealed that these areas have the

potential to form a larger municipal area leading to constitution of Berhampur

Municipal Corporation.

Based on the above, Berhampur CDP is porposed to cover an area of 150 sq.km.

covering the present municipal limits, Gopalpur area, Chatrapur area and 18 revenue

villages. The CDP also recommends to consider constituting Berhampur Municipal

Corporation covering these areas. The envisaged CDP area of 150 sq. kms. includes

the Berhampur master plan area of 85 sq. kms. (Berhampur municipal area+18

nearby revenue villages), Gopalpur master plan area of 18 sq. kms. and Chtrapur

master plan area of 47 sq. kms.

1.6. TIMEFRAME FOR CDP

Based on the discussions with stakeholders, following timeframe for CDP is

suggested:

Start date – 2008

Mid period – 2011 and 2021

End date – 2028; However, the end date is rounded off to the closest census

year of 2031.



13

1.7 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASTER PLAN AND CDP

Master Plan is a spatial document. CDP is a far more comprehensive vision

document and would subsume the master plan. CDP should indicate the direction in

which the city would like to move on. The municipal area, master plan area and

development area is given below: Table 1: Master plan area, development area and city area

Population as per Census 2001 Area in sq km

1 Berhampur Municipal Area 307792 37.09 2 Berhampur Master Plan Area 351692 84.97 3 Berhampur Development Area 513760 317.68



14

2. CITY PROFILE AND ECONOMY

2.1. LOCATION AND LINKAGE

Berhampur city is the fourth most populous urban area in the state of Orissa and

113th overall in India. It is mainly a trading centre for Southern Orissa having its

influence over eight districts. It is the oldest city of Ganjam District. Now-a-days

Berhampur city is famous for its widespread contribution to human resources in

extremely important and decision-making positions all over the globe. Table 2: Salient features of Berhampur city

The trading volume is growing

day by day. But the city of

Berhampur has ever been and

probably will continue to be

intricate with the Takurani

Yatra, being a religious festival,

celebrated every alternate year

and attracting thousands of

devotees from across the

country. Its proximity to

Bhubaneswar and Gopalpur

makes it a special place on the

tourism map of Orissa.

2.2. REGIONAL SETTING

The regional setting of any city not only forms the basis for its future development but

also influences the socio economic activities and standards of the region. The city is

well connected by road and rail network. It is an important railhead on the East

Coast railway line. All express and super-fast trains have their stoppage at

City Berhampur District Ganjam

Area Berhampur Municipality Area: 37.09 Sq. Km.

Geographic Location

Situated at 19o 20’ N latitude 84o 50’ E longitude. It is located at an altitude of 24.000 M above MSL

Connectivity Air: nearest airport is Bhubaneshwar. A helipad has been constructed in the outskirt of the city

Road: N.H.5 runs close to the city providing direct linkage to Kolkata & Chennai. N.H. 217 also runs through this city. The city is well connected with districts through S.H.No.7, 17 & 65

Rail: The Howrah-Chennai Railway line of South-Eastern Railway passes through the city

Climate

High humidity prevails. Maximum summer temperature is 40o C whereas minimum winter temperature is 22o C. The average annual rainfall is 1250 mm

City Administrator Berhampur Municipality



15

Berhampur station. The Howrah-Chennai Railway line of South-Eastern Railway

passes through the city making Berhampur as the busiest station in this region.

Berhampur falls on the National Highway No.5 that has recently been developed to a

four lane express highway. There is a frequent bus service from Bhubaneswar,

Cuttack and other parts of the state as well as from nearby state of Andhra Pradesh.

It takes nearly four hours from Bhubaneswar to reach Berhampur. N.H.5 runs close

to the city providing direct linkage to Kolkata & Chennai. N.H. 217 also runs through

this city. The city is well connected with districts through S.H.No.7, 17 & 65. These

roads originate from the city. The State Capital Bhubaneswar is situated at a

distance of 180 kms from the city along N.H. 5. The nearest seaport is situated at

Gopalpur at a distance of 15 kms from the city and the Port of Visakhapatnam is

located at a distance of 250 kms. A helipad has been constructed on the outskirt of

the city where small aircrafts and helicopters can land & take off safely. It is situated

at a distance of 10 kms. from the city.

Figure 1: Location map

2.3. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:

2.3.1. GEOGRAPHY:

Berhampur city is situated at 19o 20’ N latitude 84o 50’ E longitude. Vast cultivable

plains surround it. The entire plain is bounded in the West & North by a range of

hillocks containing Granite rocks. These Granite rock belts are also another major

source of employment and revenue. The plains have mild slope towards Bay of

Bengal.

Berhampur



16

2.3.2. TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE CHANNEL:

Berhampur is located at an altitude of 24.000 M above mean sea level. The

topography, geo-physical features and climate of the city offer huge potential for

indefinite expansion and development.

2.3.3. CLIMATE:

High humidity prevails in the atmosphere both in summer & rainy seasons. The

climate of the city is pleasant and soothing due to its close proximity to the Bay of

Bengal. Maximum summer temperature is 40o C whereas minimum winter

temperature is 22o C. The mean daily temperature remains at 33o C to 38o C. May

is the hottest month in the year whereas December is the coldest. The period from

June to September marks the South West Monsoon and 70% of annual precipitation

is received during this period. The average annual rainfall is 1250 mm and the region

receives monsoon and torrential rainfall for four months in a year from July to

October.

2.3.4. GEOLOGY:

The general soil condition is clayey except in some places where hard soil & rocky

beds are also present.

2.4. HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE AND GROWTH:

The name Berhampur is an anglicized form of ‘Brahmapur’, which etymologically

means “The Abode of Brahma, the Creator”.

By virtue of its close proximity to Andhra Pradesh, Coastline of Bay of Bengal &

Gopalpur Port, Visakhapatnam Port and City, Berhampur has become a centre of

attraction for multiethnic people in pursuit of better residential zones, education and

to some extent for employment in unorganized sectors delivering various services

and goods.

Berhampur Municipality was established in the year 1867. It is the third largest city of

Orissa with population of 210418 in 1991 & 307792 in 2001. The present population

(2006) is estimated to be around 0.35 million. It has been declared as a Class-I

Town as per 2001 census.



17

2.5. AREA AND POPULATION:

According to Census 2001, the total population of Berhampur Municipality is 307792

with an area of 37.09 sq. kms. Berhampur Master Plan area covers a total of 52

revenue villages, which include the Berhampur Municipality Area, and 18 nearby

revenue villages. Berhampur Development Area (BDA) consists of Berhampur

Master Plan area, Chatrapur Master Plan area, Gopalapur Master Plan area and

intervening villages reaching to a population of 472368 with an area of 266.19 sq.

kms. There is also a proposal of additional 15 revenue villages in the BDA. Table 3: Berhampur Development Area

Population as per Census 2001

Area in sq km

a Berhampur Municipal Area 307792 37.09 b 18 nearby revenue villages 43900 47.89 1 Berhampur Master Plan Area (a+b) 351692 84.97 2 Gopalpur Master Plan Area 19241 17.64 3 Chatrapur Master Plan Area 40074 47.02 4 Interviening villages 61361 116.55 BDA (1+2+3+4) 472368 266.19 5 Proposed additional area to be included in the BDA 41392 51.49

Total BDA (1+2+3+4+5) 513760 317.68 Source: Berhampur Development Authority Map 1:Map showing the Municipal boundary

Source: Berhampur Municipality



18

Being the oldest city and the main trading centre on Southern Orissa, the city has

experienced rapid population growth in the recent years. The jurisdiction of the

Municipality has increased from 29.27 sq. kms in 1971 to 37.09 sq. kms in 2001.

The population density of the city works out to about 8299 persons per sq. km inside

the municipal area of 37.09 as per the 2001 Census. The table below presents the

trend in density. It may be noted that the density has been increasing from 2627

persons per sq. km in 1961 to 8299 persons per sq. km in 2001 as per the respective

census figures. Table 4: Growth of population of Berhampur Municipality since 1961 Year Area of Municipality

(in sq.kms) Population Density per Sq.km

(Popl’n/ Unit Area)Population Growth Rate

1961 29.27 76931 2627 23.4 1971 29.27 117662 4017 52.91 1981 37.09 162550 5550 38.15 1991 37.09 210418 5673 29.45 2001 37.09 307792 8299 46.28 Source: District Statistical Handbook Graph: 1 Decadal growth rate

The decadal growth in population

was the highest in 1971 at around

53% which has declined over the

following decades of 1981 and 1991

to 38% and 30% respectively. There

was a significant increase in the

growth rate of population during

1991-2001, which is much higher

than the state urban decadal growth rate of 30.28%. It is reported that the town

receives a sizable floating population throughout the year but there is no data on it.

Ward 7 and 15 have the highest density of 20885 and 21780 persons per square

kilometer. Ward no. 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 18 and 20 are having high population density,

in the range of 15000 to 20000 persons per square kilometer. Ward no. 3, 11, 12, 14,

16, 18, 21, 22 and 23 are moderately dense with the densities ranging from 10000 to

15000 persons per square kilometer. As per actual trend of growth and area

available for future expansion, 8 wards (ward no. 1, 2, 9, 19, 24, 25, 26, & 27)

Decadal Growth Rate

0102030405060

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001



19

possess huge opportunity. Hence, the growth of density and population will be very

high in these wards compared to other wards.

Figure 2: Ward population

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Ward number

Popu

latio

n

As per Census 2001 For 2006 (forecasted)

Figure 3: Ward Density

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Ward number

Den

sity

-Per

sons

per

sq.

Km

.


2.6. CULTURE AND HERITAGE:

Berhampur city is known as silk city and is famous for manufacturing of Patto Saries

with craft designs. Many festivals are celebrated by people on different occasions like

Durga Puja, Siva Ratri, Janmasthami, Ratha Yatra, Makkar Sankranti, Kartika

Purnima etc.



20

The city has enough open space for conducting exhibition, art and craft fare at

Berhampur Stadium and Khallikote College ground. Recreation facilities like parks &

Kalyan Mandaps are available in the town.

It is a city of passionate cine-goers, famous for huge cinema theater complexes.

Some of the most famous movie theaters include Gautam, Rukmini, Shiva, Shakti,

Payal and Paramjyoti. SSVT Picture Palace is one of the oldest cinemas in entire

India, set up in the year 1923 (Unfortunately, due to family troubles, this has been

closed down). Jyoti Pandal and Vijaya Cinema are as old as any other old theatres in

India. The city being multilingual, features cinemas in various languages including

Oriya,Telugu, and Hindi. The Bramhapurites are very broad-minded and sometimes

feel proud to be residing in a multi-lingual city. Theatre has been very prominent in

the early days of 1930 and were the main source of entertainment till the advent of

motion pictures. Since then, theatre and drama have become cultural events and

Ganjam Parishad, Prakasam Hall are the oldest drama-halls in India. Education,

literature, etc., used to be the main strength of this town.

One very important festival which attracts a lot of people in and around the city is the

Bi-Annual Thakurani Jaatara - The Festival of the Goddess. The city is agog with

activities to welcome goddess Budhi Thakurani to her temporary abode for the

biennial Thakurani Jatra festival at late night . The hereditary head of the festival,

who is also regarded as the head of the weaver Dera community of the city,

Desibehera dressed in his traditional attire reached the Budhi Thakurani temple to

invite the goddess to her parental abode at his home on Saturday afternoon. His wife

also accompanied him as per the tradition. They also offered ritualistic offerings at

the Kalika temple. Changudi puja Rituals to welcome the deity for the festival started

at the temporary temple built at Desibehera street from evening with the `Changudi

Puja'. After rituals, flowers would be carried from Desibehera's house to the Budhi

Thakurani temple in this special basket called `Changudi'. After offering these flowers

to the deity, special rituals would be conducted at the temple that would continue till

some of these offered flowers fall down from the deity. These fallen flowers would be

carried as representative of the deity to Desibehera street in a large decorated

procession at late night. A special police outpost for Thakurani Jatra was opened up

at Desibehera street



21

2.7. SOCIO ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:

The sex ratio of Berhampur is 919 in 2001. Between 1971 and 1981, the ratio has

recorded a decline from 931 to 924. However, Berhampur sex ratio is higher than the

state urban sex ratio of 895 and national urban sex ratio of 901. But it is also worth

mentioning that the sex ratio of below 6 years of age is 893, which is very low as

compared to the overall sex ratio of 919. A cause of concern is the decline in the sex

ratio over the years.

Graphs: 2 Sex ratio

912

916

920

924

928

932

1971 1981 1991 2001

Year

The literacy rate of Berhampur city is 82.25 %, which is the highest in Southern

Orissa and is also higher than the literacy rate for urban Orissa. The female literacy

rate is 68%, which is much lower than the male literacy rate with 81%. The female

literacy rate of Berhampur is higher than that of national figure of 54.2% and that of

state figure of 51%. The male literacy figure is also higher than that of national figure

of 75.9% and that of state figure of 76.1%. There are 20 major Colleges / Institutions

in the city.

The oldest Municipal School, separate Girls High School, City School were probably

among the oldest schools in India. Prominent lawyers like G L Narasimham,

Rajaguru, GL Jagannadham, etc., are still considered prominent legal experts by the

lawyers in and around Orissa, AP, etc.,



22

Table 5: Key socio economic features Particulars Urban Orissa Berhampur Sex Ratio 895 919 Literacy 81 82.25 Work participation rate 30.62 30.21 Proportion of main worker to total worker 89.8 93.17 Source: Census 2001

With regard to social indicators it is found that there is a significant difference

between women and men in social indicators- nutritional intake; literacy rate, work

participation rate are all areas where women have yet to progress. Women’s

participation and decision-making role in community, ward and municipality affairs

are also limited.

The health care system of the city maintained by Government constitutes of one

Medical College and 2 hospitals with outdoor and indoor facilities. There are a

number of private health care nursing homes available in Berhampur city. One

Ayurvedic Hospital and one Operative homeopathic medical college and hospital are

also located in the city. The health care facilities of the Govt. provides service in the

field of family welfare and maternity and child health performances including

immunization programmes. Special health care facilities are also available in the

Govt. hospitals and also in private sector to provide specialized treatment to

complicated ailments. There are 15 major hospitals/nursing homes in the city. The

number of live births has been increasing over the years, which shows a good sign of

health situation in the city. There was drastic increase in the death rate in the year

1999 which may be due to the cyclone.



23

Graphs: 3 Social Statistics

8655864581477806741676067580

3162309635933062244324132359

464429477432478 480443

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

10000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Live births registered Death registered Infant death registered

Source: Municipal statistical year book 2000-01

Around 28.82% of population of the city are workers and the rest 71.18% are non-

workers. The percentage of women workers has gone up from 13.13% in 1991 to

14.54% in 2001. Women contribute a huge percentage to the marginal worker. This

may be due to their lack of skill and low literacy level. The details are given in the

table below. Table 6: Occupational Pattern

Percentage of worker 1991 2001 male female male female total workers 86.87 13.13 85.46 14.54 main worker 88.15 11.85 87.53 12.47 marginal worker 33.38 66.62 57.09 42.91 non worker 39.10 60.90 38.59 61.41

The workers consist of 3.01% cultivators, 3% agricultural workers and 2.92%

household workers and the balance 91.07% belong to the non-primary sector. The

main occupation among them is service, either in govt. or private sector. Trade and

commerce and services sector together contribute to more than 60 percent of the

workforce.



24

Table 7: Details of Occupational Pattern of main worker

Nos. Percentage to total main worker

Cultivators 1673 3.01 Agriculture Labours 1667 3.00 Livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting and plantation and allied activities 1622 2.92 Mining and quarrying 116 0.21 Manufacturing processing, servicing and repairs in Household industry 2545 4.58 Manufacturing processing, servicing and repairs in other than Household industry 6360 11.44 Construction 1746 3.14 Trade and commerce 16287 29.30 Transport storages and communication 5704 10.26 Other services 17861 32.14 Source: Census 1991

2.7.1. TRADE AND COMMERCE:

Berhampur city is the head quarter of the Southern Revenue Division of the State.

Many offices of State Government and Central Government, many public sector and

private sector offices/ co-operative offices are located in the city.

The trade and commerce of the city can be mainly divided into two categories namely

organized and unorganized markets. There are ten major markets in the city. The

main shopping area is the Annapurna market. There are separate vegetables and

wholesale markets.

There are many market places for commercial activities and also a number of cinema

halls at different places of the city, for recreation purposes. Table 8: Other facilities (in numbers)

Children’s Parks

General Parks

Guest House with Conference Hall

Kalyan Mandap

Press Club

Senior Citizen Recreation Centre

Modern Dhobighat

3 5 1 4 1 1 1 Source: Berhampur Municipality

2.7.2. TOURISM

Presently the city is gaining momentum and prominence as tourism oriented city due

to its closeness to many important tourist places. The city is located close to

Gopalpur Port and Chilika Lake and has good communication linkages with rest of

India through roads and railways. Its proximity to Bhubaneswar makes it a preferred



25

destination for domestic as well as foreign tourists. The major tourist places are

Gopalpur, Chatrapur, Chilka, Thakurani Temple, Jaganath Temple at

Gosaninuagaon, Neela-kantheshwar Temple, etc. It is estimated that around 288,984

tourists visited the place in the year 2006. Berhampur city has a number of standard

hotels. There are a number of restaurants as well. Table 9: Number of Tourist Inflow 2004 2005 2006 Domestic Foreign Total Domestic Foreign Total Domestic Foreign Total 222907 145 223052 240119 177 240296 288830 154 288984 Source: State tourism office

The tourists generally visit the city by train or bus. There is no air connectivity to the

city. Hence there is a need to augment connectivity to the city.

The following are the key tourist attractions in and around the city:

Gopalpur: Gopalpur is a unique beach and was discovered as a perfect winter

resortmany decades ago. Located at a distance of 16-km from Berhampur in Orissa,

Gopalpur on Sea is one of the appealing beach along side the eastern coastline of

India having a wide range of recreational facilities. Far from the maddening crowd,

the sea side resort makes every moment a cherished experience. At one time this

place was a busy seaport, but today it offers its visitorsa peaceful atmosphere that is

most favourable for a relaxing break.The beach still displays the crumbling walls and

pillars of the jetty,reminding to its past glory of commercial activity. The beach

continues to draw the beach worshipers for its delightful surf and excellent sailing

options. The sea shore town of Gopalpur with her blue beach attracts visitors round

the globe and offers 'Sun - Sand - Surf' to them. The back waters of the Blue Bay

enhances the beauty of the quiet beach. Gopalpur is frequented by regular bus

service from Berhampur.

Aryapalli: 30 km from Berhampur and 6 km from Chhatrapur, the district

headquarters of Ganjam, the beach at Aryapalli is quiet and charming where the

waves talk. Its bracing and invigorating climate adds freshness to the soul. A nature

loving tourist can enjoy the sun-sand-surf among the green casuarina plantations.

Taptapani: 50 km from Berhampur, amidst lush green forests is Taptapani where

there is a hot water spring. The hot water is channelised to a pond nearby to facilitate



26

fascinating baths. Regular bus service operates to this place from Berhampur.

A Panthanivas of the OTDC provides accommodation to the tourists. A pipeline

drawn from the hot spring provides the natural hot water inside the bath rooms of this

Panthanivas.

Mahendragir: Amidst rich scenic beauty of the evergreen forests, Mahendragiri,

5,000 feet high, stands in its unrivalled glory in the Parlakhemundi subdivision of the

district of Gajapati. The hill is associated with mythological stories from the

Ramayana and the Mahabharata. It finds mention in the works of poets Kalidas and

Radhanath Ray. The rivulet Mahendra Tanaya flows down the hill with her usual

trickling note. Archaeological remains at Mahendragiri make an interesting study for

the scholars. Sivaratri is the main festival here which draws a large crowd.

Mahendragiri can be approached from Parlakhemundi which is frequented with bus

service from Berhampur (125 km) via N.H. No. 5 or via Taptapani and R.Udayagiri

(176 km). One can go from Parlakhemundi to Kainpur (46 km) by bus and then to

Burkhat pass (5 km) by jeep and finally proceed to the Mahendragiri hill (10 km) on

foot.

Narayani: It is situated at a distance of 80 kms from Berhampur. The temple of

goddess Narayani surrounded by captivating natural scenary is situated on a hilltop.

Nirmaljhar: It is situated at a distance of 65 kms from Berhampur i.e. in Khallikote

near Kairashi. It is a beautiful place comprising a complex of temples dedicated to

Lord Shiva, Radhakrishna, Vimala, Dadhibamana and a perennial stream forming a

pool of crystal clear water.

Tara-Tarini: The temple of Taratarini, the twin Goddesses, is situated on the top of

Taratarini hill near Purushottampur, which is at a distance of 32 kms from Berhampur

town. Goddess Tara and Tarini are worshipped in the temple on the top of the hill.

River Rushikulya flows at the foot of the hill. The beauty of the place is enhanced by

the encircling river Rushikulya. The shrine draws huge crowd throughout the year

especially on every Tuesday in the month of Chaitra. The place is well connected by

regular bus service from Berhampur. There is a Revenue Inspection Bungalow here

for accommodation whose reservation authority is Tahasildar, Chhatrapur.



27

Jaugarh: It is situated at distance of 35 kms from Berhampur. It is famous for the

Ashokan Rock Edicts and other archaeological remains.

Panchama: It is famous for its stone image of Lord Ganesha.

Matridi: It is a small village in Ganjam District famous for temple dedicated to

Goddess Siddha Vairabi.

Budhakhol: The picturesque hill is situated at a distance of 3 kms from Buguda

Tahasil. The temple of Lord Shiva and a natural spring attracts the pilgrims.

Byghra Devi: It is situated near Kullad of Bhanjanagar town. It is a picturesque spot

and is famous for the temple of Goddess Byghra Devi.

2.7.3. INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY

The industrial estate located at Berhampur covers an area of 30 acres having 54

industrial sheds. The major industries located in the industrial estate are - general

engineering and fabrication, pharmaceuticals, electrical equipments, tarpaulin,

polythene, wire nail, flourmill, ice plants, etc. Besides the above, another industrial

estate is also located at Sri Ramchandrapur near Chhatrapur over an area of 34

acres. This industrial estate has been set up to promote chemical industries and

ancillary industry of IRE. Two industrial growth centres have already come up in the

periphery of Berhampur town, i.e. at Haladiapadar and Aska Road, for development

and growth of automobile related industries.

The status of existing small-scale industrial sector in and around the municipal areas

are as follows:

Number of industrial units: 750

Investments in Rs. : 15 crores

Employment generated: 3750

These industries have been established under different categories namely food and

allied sector, electrical and electronics, engineering works, pharmaceuticals, plastic,

repairing and servicing, cement based industries (cement products) etc. There is one

big industry namely Indian Rare Earth Ltd. situated at 20 Km away from the city.



28

There are many small-scale industries in manufacturing, electronics and equipments

sector etc., located in the Industrial Estate Area of the city.

Many state level software companies set up their centres here, as Berhampur offers

opportunities associated with Grade II & Grade III cities for BPO and software

companies. The Delhi-based IT company Perfect Infotech has operations here. The

third Software park (STPI) of the state is being built at Berhampur at Ambapua over

an area of 10 acres for development of IT and ITES service sector industries. Due to

its moderate climate and technical education infrastructure base it may become a

leading IT and ITES destination of Eastern India. Berhampur University and NIST

(National Institute of Science and Technology) offer courses to meet the growing

software industry's requirements.

Future prospects of industries in Berhampur Since there are large-scale industries (Indian Rare Earth Ltd.) located at Matikhal, a

number of anciliary and downstream industries are likely to be set up in the periphery

of the Municipal area. One big Titanium Dioxide project with an investment of Rs.

1200 crores is being set up at Chattrapur. A multi product Special Economic Zone

(SEZ) of Tata Steels has been cleared by Government of India, which is likely to

come up within next three to four years over an area of 3000 acres at Gopalpur.

Since Government of Orissa in its Industrial Policy has decided to develop the

corridor from Rayagada to Gopalpur as an industrial area, there is wide scope for

industrialization. Government has taken up steps for development of granite

industries in three adjacent blocks, namely, Kukudakhandi, Digapahandi and

Rangailunda. There is scope and potential for establishment of at least 100 industries

in next three to four years in the periphery of Berhampur Municipal area.



29

3. LAND USE AND ENVIRONMENT

3.1. LAND USE

At present there is no comprehensive development plan for the Berhampur City. The

preparation of master plan is in the process by Berhampur Development Authority

(BDA). The Revenue Department is also preparing a master plan for revenue lands.

A lot of government lands are available but due to encroachment no developments

are able to take place. The encroachment of the government land is the main hurdle

for the preparation of the new master plan. Hence there is an urgent need to address

this problem. There is a need to integrate the City master plan and the revenue

master plan.

3.1.1. MASTER PLAN/ LAND USE PLAN

The Master plan area of Berhampur town comprises of Berhampur Municipality area

(37.09 sq.km) and 18 nearby revenue villages (47.89 sq km). Thus the total area

over which the Master Plan operates is 84.97 sq km. Government has approved it

under section 32 of the Orissa Town Planning and Improvement Trust Act 1956. The

master plan was prepared way back in the year 1968. According to the master plan

1968, 35% of the land is residential 15% are roads and 14 % for public and semi

public space and another 14% for tanks. The details are given in the table below. Table 10: Land Use Pattern Land use as per the master plan 1969

Area in Ac. Percentage to total developed land

Percentage to total Municipal area(7057 acre)

Residential Zone 982 34.94 13.91 Commercial Zone 113.2 4.03 1.44 Industrial Zone 101.6 3.62 1.6 Public and Semi Public Zone 383 13.63 5.41 Play ground and recreational 38 1.36 0.55 Tanks 384 13.64 5.45 Open ground 248.4 8.84 3.52 Railway land 92 3.27 1.3 Roads 439.13 15.63 6.22 Drains 4.2 0.16 0.06 Burial ground 24.8 0.88 0.35 Total Developed Land 2810.33 100 39.18 Under Developed Area 4246.67 60.19

Total 7057 100 100

Source: Town Planning Organisation, Orissa



30

The town is of great commercial importance being the center of business for the

districts like Boudh, Phulhbani, Koraput, Rayagada, Nawarangpur, Malkangiri

Ganjam & Gajapati. A large number of small-scale industries have come up in the

town. The industrial complex such as Indian Rare Earth Ltd is located near the Town

and there is a proposal to set up Titanium Dioxide plant nearby. One Mega steel

plant is likely to come up at Gopalpur about 15 Kms from Berhampur town, which will

certainly be the cause of migration of rural population to Berhampur in search of job

and livelihood. The Gopalpur port is a small port till date but is going to become a

major port in the near future catering to the needs of the proposed steel plant and

other industries. Map 2: Master plan

Source: Master plan 1969

The town has many educational institutions like Berhampur University, Khallikote

College, Medical College, Law College, Poly Technique, U.C.P Engineering School,

Nursing Training School and Schools of all categories. The city has got recreation

centers, stadiums, cinema halls, libraries and other cultural centers.

The city also has many hospitals including MKCG Medical College Hospital and

dispensaries for providing health care services to the people in Berhampur



31

Municipality. 26 post offices and one telegraph office are also functioning within the

Municipal area.

According to the future proposal of the master plan, 54.8% of urban area and 43.7%

of urban developed area are for residential purpose, which is far higher as per the

UDPFI guidelines (35-40%). The proportion of residential land ahs been

considerably enhanced to relieve the congestion.

The proposed commercial use cover 194 acres and are located entirely in the urban

sector. They constitute 2.4% of the developed Master Plan Area and in urban area it

constitute 3%.

The future proposals have allocated only 542 acres constituting 6.8 % of developed

Master Plan Area and 8.5% of Urban area for public and semi public purposes while

the UDPFI guidelines suggest a norm of 12-14%.

The proposed land uses for various purposes as per the old master plan are given in

the tables below. Table 11: Proposed land use under Master Plan for 1986 (Developed Area) Proposed

SL.No Land Uses Area in Acre (developed area)

Percentage to total developed land

As per the UDPFI Guidelines

1 Residential Zone 4006 50.1 35 to 40 2 Commercial Zone 195 2.4 4 to 5 3 Industrial Zone 505 6.3 10 to 12 4 Public and Semi Public

Zone 561 7.1 12 to 14

5 Traffic and Transport 1168 14.6 12to 14 6 Organized open space 1557 19.5 18 to 20

Total Developed Land 7992 100% Source: Town Planning Organisation, Orissa Table 12: Proposed land use under Master Plan for 1986 (Berhampur Urban Area) S.No Land Uses Area in Ac. Percentage

to total urban area

Percentage to total developed area(7992)

As per the UDPFI Guidelines

1 Residential Zone 3492 54.8 43.7 35 to 40 2 Commercial Zone 194 3.1 2.4 4 to 5 3 Industrial Zone 505 7.9 6.3 10 to 12 4 Public and Semi Public

Zone 542 8.5 6.8

12 to 14 5 Traffic and Transport 577 9.1 7.2 12to 14 6 Organized open space 1058 16.6 13.2 18 to 20 Total Developed Land 6368 100% 79.6% Source: Town Planning Organisation, Orissa



32

3.1.2. FUTURE GROWTH PROSPECTS

The city is currently growing in the northeast direction along the NH217 and NH5.

There is new area development in the name of new Berhampur. Due to the strong

linkage with the national highways there is scope for growth in the northeast and also

towards the southwest direction.

Map 3: Growth pattern

There is also possibility of Berhampur Municipality becoming a Corporation in the

near future, which will comprise of the Gopalpur and Chatrapur area as well. So

considering the above, the CDP of Berhampur comprises an area of 150 sq. kms.

3.1.3. KEY ISSUES – DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

Some of the key issues and observations pertaining to land use planning and

development are highlighted below:

1. There is a very haphazard growth. Unplanned mixed land uses are seen in almost

all parts of the city. The functions such as commerce, open space, schools,

recreational areas, etc has encroached over the areas meant for residential

purposes.

2. Several slum pockets have come up and a large part of the city population resides

in slums.



33

3. The development of the city is based on the master plan, which was prepared way

back in 1969. For any development work this master plan is referred as the basis

though it is outdated and has no relevance to the existing situation.

4. Lack of institutional coordination

5. The Infrastructure is not properly planned. Open spaces are inadequate and not

properly organized. The city is likely to grow at a very high rate due to its proximity to

Bhubaneshwar, presence of educational centres, and the upcoming SEZ in the

surrounding areas but absence of planning is a big hurdle.

6. There is an urgent need for preparing revenue master plans, which will enable

identification of government lands. The revenue master plans are not prepared

because the encroachments issue is not addressed. Hence encroachments on

government lands should be removed, revenue master plan should be prepared and

it should be integrated with the city master plan.

3.2. URBAN ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM : OVERVIEW

Due to the rapid growth of population and urbanization, environment of the city has

got subjected to changes that could have adverse and irreparable effect on it. Any

city planning without due importance to the environment component is unlikely to be

sustainable. Studies and researches conducted worldwide have revealed the

undesirable implications that an unplanned and haphazard growth of a city could

have on its environment. Furthermore, there is an inherent positive relationship

between physical environment and human health.

Berhampur, like any other growing city, is experiencing environmental challenges

particularly due to lack of infrastructure and services. For instance, depletion and

pollution of groundwater is attributed to inadequate water supply and lack of proper

drainage and sanitation facilities. In addition, the environment is getting impacted

adversely due to increased growth in residential areas, hospitals, educational

institutions, hotels and vehicular traffic.



34

3.2.1. CONSERVATION OF WATER BODIES

Considering the present and future demands and availability of drinking water facility

with respect to quality and quantity, the role of existing water bodies is assuming

prominence. At present there are 48 water bodies (ponds/tanks) spread out at

various locations in the City. The locations of these tanks are given in the city map

below.

The water bodies have been a part of the day to day life of the city and its people

particularly those who could not afford to pay for the treated piped water supply

system. They constitute about 25 – 30% of the total city population. These people

depend on the water bodies for bathing and washing.

The city municipality has prepared a DPR on Purification, Preservation and Optimum

Utilization of Existing Public Water Bodies within Berhampur Municipality. The lists of

the water bodies selected for development is given in Annexure 1. Map 4: Public water bodies

Source: UIDSSMT Report

It is learnt that the tanks were constructed/developed over naturally existing water

bodies during the regime of Kings in 19th Century A.D. It is also learnt that there



35

were interconnecting underground passages for each tank for filling. But, those

passages are no more existing or traceable.

Originally, the public water bodies in Berhampur City were constructed mainly for

irrigation purposes. When canal and groundwater (bore well) irrigation system were

not existing or not predominant, these tanks were considered to be ample source of

water for crops for nearby/surrounding cultivable lands. Basically, the farmers

depended on the tanks for water during Rabi crops and during the dry intervals

between rains. But due to urbanization and growth of non-agricultural activities such

as residential, commercial and industrial, the agricultural activity has been reduced

significantly. As a result the tanks were used more for potable and non-potable

purposes and not for irrigation. The water bodies have been supplementing the gap

between demands and supply and will continue to do so provided they are developed

and maintained properly. They are also the cheapest source of water for all the

purposes excluding drinking and cooking.

Plates 1: Water bodies

All the tanks have been invaded by water borne plants and weeds due to excess

organic contents in the water. Storm water from the nearby catchments areas and

city drains carrying highly toxic and organic pollutants discharge into the tanks.

Rainwater is the only source of recharge/filling of these tanks. No outlets and no

gradient are available for natural discharge from or emptying of the tanks. Out of the

48 tanks 6 of them are under civil disputes and public accessibility to those tanks is

no more available. These issues are emerging as a matter of serious concern.



36

3.2.2. KEY ISSUES - ENVIRONMENT

Some of the key issues and observations pertaining to environment are highlighted

below:

1. The existing water bodies are in deteriorating conditions.

2. The water bodies are heavily silted due to lack of maintenance.

3. All tanks are invaded by water plants due to lack of cleaning of the tanks.

4. During rainy seasons the city suffers from flooding due to the blockage of the

water bodies.

5. Berhampur city had adequate tree plantation and greenery prior to 1999 floods

but this was washed away during the floods. Hence there is an urgent need to

develop tree plantations and urban forestry



37

4. DISASTER MANAGEMENT

4.1. INTRODUCTION:

There has been an increase in the incidence of natural disasters worldwide with

increasing loss of life and damage to property. The risk of disasters can also be

expected to rise in the future, particularly for developing countries populations. There

are two reasons for this trend:

• An increase in extreme natural events, primarily due to climatic change

• Increased vulnerability of populations to these natural events

Natural disasters are closely bound up with the development status of a region: they

disrupt or impair development and, at the same time, a low level of development

increases the chances of occurring. Supported in part by bilateral and multilateral

donors, many countries are stepping up their efforts to prevent disaster. The idea is

that effective precautions will avert future disasters or at least mitigate them. This in

turn will help stabilize development in partner countries. Containing the hazards and

reducing vulnerability can lower disaster risk.

Significance of this chapter is to elevate the importance of disaster mitigation plan at

city level and its function in city development plan.

4.2. DISASTER IN ORISSA:

Orissa is vulnerable to multiple disasters. Due to its sub-tropical littoral location, the

state is prone to tropical cyclones, storm surges and tsunamis. Its densely populated

coastal plains are the alluvial deposits of its river systems. The rivers in these areas

with heavy load of silt have very little carrying capacity, resulting in frequent floods,

only to be compounded by breached embankments. Though a large part of the state

comes under Earthquake Risk Zone-II (Low Damage Risk Zone), the Brahmani

Mahanadi graben and their deltaic areas come under Earthquake Risk Zone-III

(Moderate Damage Risk Zone) covering 43 out of the 103 urban local bodies of the

state.



38

4.3. PATTERNS OF DISASTERS:

4.3.1. FLOODS:

The 482 km long of coastline of Orissa exposes the State to flood, cyclones and

storm surges. Heavy rainfall during monsoon causes floods in the rivers. Flow of

water from neighbouring States of Jharkhand and Chattisgarh also contributes to

flooding. The flat coastal belts with poor drainage, high degree of siltation of the

rivers, soil erosion, breaching of the embankments and spilling of floodwaters over

them, cause severe floods in the river basin and delta areas. In Orissa, rivers such as

the Mahanadi, Subarnarekha, Brahmani, Baitarani, Rushikulya, Vansadhara and

their many tributaries and branches flowing through the State expose vast areas to

floods.

In Orissa, damages are caused due to floods mainly in the Mahanadi, the Brahmani,

and the Baitarani. These rivers have a common delta where flood waters intermingle,

and when in spate simultaneously, wreak considerable havoc. This problem

becomes even more acute when floods coincide with high tide. The water level rises

due to deposits of silt on the river-bed. Rivers often overflow their banks or water

rushes through new channels causing heavy damages. Floods and drainage

congestion also affect the lower reaches along the Subarnarekha. The rivers

Rusikulya, Vansadhara and Budhabalanga

also cause occasional floods.

The entire coastal belt is prone to storm surges. The storms that produce tidal surges

are usually accompanied by heavy rain fall making the coastal belt vulnerable to both

floods and storm surges. People die, livestock perish, houses are washed away,

paddy and other crops are lost and roads and bridges are damaged. The floods of

1980, 1982, 2001 and 2003 in the State were particularly severe, property worth

crores of rupees was destroyed in the floods.

4.3.2. CYCLONE:

Cuttack district is in a very high damage risk zone, Berhampur and Sambalpur

districts are in moderate damage risk zones from wind and cyclones. But the cyclone

of 1999 affected Berhampur the most out of the three.



39

Figure 4: Wind and Cyclone Zones in Orissa

Figure 5: Map showing the disaster affected areas in Orissa

The super cyclonic storm has weakened into a well marked low pressure over south-

coastal Orissa, north-coastal Andhra Pradesh and adjoining sea areas of west-

central and north-west Bay. Many of the areas in the affected districts are still under

water. The inability to bury the dead bodies (human and cattle) is causing a serious



40

threat to health. The two cyclones that hit India’s state of Orissa in October killed well

over 10,000 people and made 8 million homeless. The second cyclone devastated

the state’s administrative capital, Bhubaneswar, the commercial capital, Cuttack, and

the port town of Paradip before moving on to smaller towns and villages.

In response to a super cyclone that struck Orissa in1999, UNDP and other UN

organizations provided a coordinated support mechanism during the crisis and

facilitated interventions in the following sectors: shelter, agriculture, health,

education, women and children, and water and sanitation. In the rehabilitation phase,

UNDP supported the state government in specific rehabilitation efforts promoting

community participation in shelter and livelihood sectors with the objective of

reducing vulnerability. Subsequently, community preparedness plans were

formulated. These plans were used by the communities and the government to take

precautionary action during the cyclone threat of 2000. The generation of awareness

in the state also helped the communities to be better prepared during the 2001

floods.

4.4. CITY’S EXPERIENCE:

4.4.1. SEASONALITY OF DISASTER

The area, as per seismic records available, is less prone to natural hazards like

Earthquake, Volcano eruption and Tsunami. But, it is very vulnerable to cyclones

which generally occur during June to October. One Super-cyclone that occurred

during October 1999 has disturbed the total infrastructure setup in the area and the

city is still working hard to recover from its devastating impact. The seasonality of

disaster is given in the table below.

Table 13: Seasonality of disaster Disaster/ Month

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Cyclone - - - √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ - Fire √ √ √ √ √ √ - - - - - √ Flood & water logging

- - - - - √ √ √ √ √ √ -

Heat Wave - - √ √ √ √ - - - - - - Epidemics √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √



41

4.4.2. VULNERABILITY OF THE CITY

The city of Berhampur is vulnerable to a few disasters due to its location, linkages,

geo-hydrological features, regional setting, etc. And also due to the socio economic

cultural activities in this areas. The possible areas of disaster to which the city is

prone to are given below:

1. Possible natural disasters:

Cyclones: the super cyclone of 1999

Heavy incessant rain causing water logging and flood – occurring every year.

Lightening – casualties are occurring throughout the year but yet to cause a disaster

Prolonged heat wave - occurring almost every summer and lasts for three months

(April, May and June) but yet to cause a disaster

2. Possible man made disasters:

Radiation of radioactive materials: the source may be IREL, Château which is about

20 kms away from the city. But no such disaster is yet happened.

Discharge of untreated/partially treated hazardous solid and liquid wastes over soil

and water as well as formation of genetically complex organisms in the atmosphere-

no such organized research and monitoring is presently being done. But considering

the overall scenario and sanitation systems with waste management practices

available in the city the possibility of disaster cannot be ruled out.

Breaking out of fire and its spreading is very likely due to the cluster of commercial

and residential areas offering narrow and zig zag passages.

Adequate space in the high-density areas are not available for storage of water for

firefighting purpose and also for proper movement of firefighting vehicles.

Spreading of human carrier disease Epidemics – Possibilities are very high due to

high population density, low per capita income, huge unemployment problem, poor

sanitation and waste management system in the city.

3. Possible disasters, which can be both natural and manmade:

Flood due to blockage of watercourses, encroachments in the city.

Drought due to depletion of ground water caused by extensive boring of shallow and

deep wells and excess drawl of water from them. Depletion of ground water is also

happening due to rapid reduction of natural recharge areas and increase of

impermeable built up areas.



42

Coastal storms affect the city very much often due to destruction of natural forest

between the city and the coastline by ever spreading human activities.

4.5. POLICIES:

In the context of proclamation of International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction

(IDNDR), National initiatives and State’s own experience, the State Govt. felt it

necessary to have a specific policy for disaster management and to provide

necessary guidelines on all aspects of emergency management. Features of the disaster management policy Take a proactive approach to disaster management and promote a culture of

prevention and preparedness among individuals and institutions.

Follow a multi-hazard approach to disaster management

Shift from a relief and welfare approach to a rights and entitlement-based approach

to humanitarian assistance.

Since sustainable development will not be possible without the active involvement of

the communities, make the vulnerability reduction programmes community driven.

Integrate Disaster Management into Development Policy and Planning.

Institutionalise efficient, well-coordinated and participatory disaster management

initiatives as one of the basic ingredients of good governance.

Ensure quality at all stages of emergency management including prevention,

mitigation, relief and reconstruction and make their adoption mandatory. For doing

so, universally accepted minimum standards should be adopted. If necessary, the

standards should be modified taking into account local conditions and customs.

Attempt harmonious blending of all disaster management interventions with local

cultural ethos.

Focus on protection of the environment.

Promote inter-agency coordination and cooperation for disaster management.

Involve all stakeholders in disaster management and define their roles in different

stages of disasters.

Create an enabling environment for ensuring higher participation of all stakeholders

Work on legislation(s) to provide statutory backing to essential disaster management

functions and agencies.

Establish a trigger mechanism for emergency operations.



43

View people as valuable partners and strengthen community-based coping

mechanisms for dealing with disasters.

Promote a spirit of volunteerism, develop a cadre of well-trained volunteers whose

services will be utilised during emergencies.

Document and use people’s indigenous knowledge, whenever possible.

Share information and knowledge about disasters and their management with all

stakeholders.

Develop a network amongst various disaster management entities using OSDMA as

the main hub.

Establish an Institute dedicated to conducting research, development and training on

disaster management related activities.

Make Disaster Management a part of the educational system and curricula.

Decentralise management of disasters to the Block, Gram Panchayat / Municipality

levels and strengthen their institutional and functional capacities to be effective as the

first responders to disaster events.

Ensure that humanitarian assistance is provided in an equitable, consistent and

predictable manner.

Emphasize participation of women in all stages of disaster management and

recognize their special problems in disaster situation.

Recognize the higher vulnerability of children, elders, physically and mentally

challenged, during and after emergencies and design interventions accordingly.

4.6. STRATEGIES:

Disaster Management will have an integrated approach covering the 3 phases of

disaster:

• The pre-disaster phase

• The response phase and

• The recovery and Rehabilitation phase.

Disaster Management can be made effective in any city/town in phases, in short

interim periods or even on regular basis, through the following measures:

Keep the disaster management plans updated and upgraded, especially the

research, communication and information.

Mock drill should be arranged twice a year.



44

Refresher training should be imparted to key stakeholders associated with the

Disaster Management.

An atmosphere should be created where in all the officers/employees of

departments/officers connected with disaster management including Liaison Officers

of the city/town may take initiative to render their services spontaneously during

calamities.

Task forces should be trained for the tasks to be undertaken during calamities.

Arrangement should be made to enhance the infrastructure researches by picking

the tasks required to accomplish the disaster management from amongst the works

to be undertaken for development schemes implemented from the funds of various

state schemes.

The control-room of the city/town may be invariably kept functioning for 24 hours.

Missing facilities – amenities may be set up for disaster management by upgrading

the city/town control room and updated information may be maintained.

Systematic planning should be made by the department to pay serious attention to

the warning given in advance by the district control room as well as by the irrigation

department. Care should be taken to provide such information/warning to every

citizen even in the remote areas.

Steps should be taken to make available the search & rescue equipments by keeping

a live communication with district network. With regard to activities such as

evacuation/shifting etc; co-ordination may be made with the govt. network, fire-

brigade industrial houses, voluntary organization etc. to reduce the damage/loss.

Result-oriented actions may be taken for timely distribution of relief-materials to the

affected people after making co-ordination with the local bodies, donors, industrials

houses, NGOs and district level network as well.

A systematic work should be undertaken to restore the normalcy in day to day life

and for timely repairing of damaged roads, bridges etc.



45

4.6.1. LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS:

Coordinated efforts of some or all the following stakeholders would be required for

effective disaster management:

• The community affected/ vulnerable to disasters

• Volunteer based organisations such as NSS, NCC, Indian Red Cross, Civil

Defence, Scouts and Guides, Nehru Yuva Kendra, etc.

• Civil Society Organizations including Community-based Organizations

• Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies

• Police, Home Guards, paramilitary forces

• District Administration

• Orissa Disaster Rapid Action Force (ODRAF)

• Special Relief Organisation

• Orissa State Disaster Mitigation Authority (OSDMA)

• State Govt. Departments

• Govt. of India organisations, agencies in the State

• Public Sector Organisations

• Private Sector Organisations

• United Nations Agencies

• Bilateral and multi-lateral agencies

4.6.2. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK:

Revenue Department of the State is the administrative department for disaster

management under the general guidance and supervision of the Government. The

OSDMA is designated to play the role of coordinating agency in the pre-disaster and

post-disaster phases, while Special Relief Organisation is expected to take a lead

role during the response phase. OSDMA will assist the Special Relief Organization

during the response phase and also point out to SRC and the Collectors gaps in

relief administration if any. The other stakeholders would play their assigned roles

during any or all the three phases. The State Government could also designate

specific departments to be the nodal departments in respect of specific disasters (For

example, if there is an outbreak of an epidemic, the Health Department would be the

nodal department). The District Collector would be the nodal agency (officer) for

prevention, response and recovery in the event of all types of disasters in the district.



46

4.6.3. VULNERABLE FACTORS OF DAMAGE AND THE RISKS

The extent of impact of disasters is not uniform on all socio-economic groups. It is

mostly the poor and disadvantaged who do not have any coping mechanisms who

are the worst hit. Even among the poor households with assets and savings are likely

to be less vulnerable than those who do not have the same. The community

networks and support systems also play a crucial role. Poor communities with better

community bonding and support system are likely to be less vulnerable. Hence there

is a need to identify vulnerable groups through systematic survey and mapping and

develop appropriate response strategies.

4.6.4. STRATEGIES FOR RESPONSE

Acquiring information about materials and resources, their classification and analysis

during the disaster and before the disaster helps in facing such severe calamities.

Need for various resources are felt immediately after the disaster. Ample care should

be taken about pre-cautionary measures and safety against the earthquake. Other

rules of safety against the disaster pertaining to retrofitting of houses should also be

followed.

Safe places where immediate shelter may be taken during flood, earthquake or

cyclone should necessarily be protected against such calamities. As per the details of

the City Disaster Management Plan, Community hall, Primary school or temple and

other public buildings, etc should be used as safe shelter places during such

calamities. Therefore, it is essential that every city/town should have retrofitting of

such safe places and care is taken ensure that such places are protected from

various disasters and are as per construction regulations.

4.6.5. EVACUATION AND TEMPORARY SHELTER

The safe places available at every ward may be used for evacuation and temporary

shelter during the calamities needs to be identified. Warning for each ward and

warning communication for city/town level will help in shifting the affected people to

such safe places during the calamities with the help of workforce (task-force)



47

The city/town task force can play an important role in shifting the people during

calamities, in taking immediate actions, in spreading true in formation and in

preventing the grapevines and rumors.

The action required to be taken in case of the safe accommodation is equally

important. An open ground is the ideal safe place during earthquake. While in flood,

shifting towards elevated area will be safe.

4.6.6. SEARCH & RESCUE

The immediate task after a disaster is to search and rescue the victims. Various tools

& equipments are required for this purpose. These materials might not be available at

one place; but having information about their location is very essential. If such

information is available, this material can be brought immediately to the required

place and causalities can be reduced.

4.6.7. FIRST AID

The most important issue after warning and communication and search & rescue

during any calamity is to provide first aid to the victims. The demand of first aid and

health facilities can be more than their availability, especially facilities such as

P.H.centers / C.T.Centres and medical staff such as doctors/nurses. Therefore, it is

important to learn about the ratio between requirement and availability. Moreover, the

police department could play an important role in spreading right information, in

issuing warnings and shifting the people immediately.

The disaster management action plan is given in the table below:

Disaster Management Sector- Strategic Action Plan Project name Project components 2008-

09 2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13 2013-14

Disaster preparedness

Equipment and machinery √ √ √ √

Relief and rehabilitation

Control rooms, shelters, consumables etc..

√ √ √

Training and capacity building

Officials, NGOs, CBOs √ √ √ √



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5. URBAN MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE

5.1. URBAN LOCAL BODIES – NEW CONTEXT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Governance in the context of rapidly growing cities is gaining unprecedented

significance. The concept of good governance with its principles of inclusiveness,

transparency, accountability, responsiveness, equity and efficiency is increasingly

being considered worldwide as the key to transform the city. Cities are dotted with

the presence of multiple institutions providing various services to the citizens. The

effectiveness of these institutions is critical to economic growth, poverty reduction

and overall quality of life in the city. The institutions governing a city broadly include

state government departments, urban local bodies and parastatal agencies. The

urban local bodies and parastatal agencies are created through Acts of legislature.

The 74th CAA, 1992, of the GOI has imparted constitutional status to the ULBs and

has assigned appropriate functions to them. A constitutional basis is given to the

relationship of the ULBs with the state Government with respect to their functions and

powers, timely and regular elections, arrangements for revenue sharing etc. ULBs

are given additional powers including preparation of local development plans,

programmes for ensuring social justice, and environmental management there by

making them more responsive to the local needs. Section 243 (W) of the 74th CAA,

1992, facilitates this. In conformity with the 74th CAA, various state governments

have taken initiative to amend their respective municipal corporation/ municipalities’

act and the ULBs have been entrusted with the functions listed in the twelfth

schedule of the constitution or section 243 (W) of the 74th CAA, 1992.

5.2. CITY MANAGEMENT

The city administration is vested with the Berhampur Municipality. Berhampur is the

oldest municipal body in the state. Berhampur Development Authority (BDA) was

constituted on 26th July 1993 to regulate and monitor the development of the city.

BDA functions under the Orissa Development Authorities Act. BDA undertakes the

preparation of the development Plans, Zonal Plans and regulates development in its

area including matters related to Building Plans.



49

Table 14: Legislative Basis of Governing Institutions Names of Institution Governing Institutions

Berhampur Municipality Orissa Municipal Act –1950

Berhampur Urban Development Authority BDA Orissa Development Authorities Act, 1982

Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Board Section 67 of OWSSB 1991

Public Health and Engineering Department Formed by Government of Orissa

Orissa Pollution Control Board Section 4 of the (water prevention and control of pollution) amendment act 1975

Salient features of Orissa Development Authority Act and Town Planning Act:

The review of roles and responsibilities of line agencies are given in the table below:

Orissa Development Authority Act Extension of the provisions of the Act over the identified area and declaring such area as a development area. Constitution of Development Authority. Preparation of interim, comprehensive and zonal development plans. Publication of development plans for inviting objections and suggestions. Finalizing the development plan in the light of objections and suggestions. Approval of the development plan by the State Government. Enforcement of the provisions of the development plan, zoning regulations and planning and building standards by the Development Authorities by way of issuing permissions for construction of buildings. Preparation of development schemes and its implementation. Preparation of town planning scheme (Land Pooling Scheme) and its implementation.. Town Planning Act Extension of the Orissa Town Planning Act over the identified areas. Conducting detailed physical and socio-economic surveys, analyzing the data collected, drawing conclusion, assessing the gaps and forecasting the future requirements. Preparing the draft master plan. Constitution of Planning Authorities. There can be three types of Planning Authorities, namely the local body having jurisdiction over the area or an Improvement Trust or a Special Planning Authority. Publication of the draft master plans by the Planning Authority, inviting objections and suggestions from the public. Finalization of the master plans by the Directorate of Town Planning in the light of the suggestions received. Approval of the master plan by the Competent Authority. Enforcement of the provisions of the master plan and zoning regulations by the Planning Authority by way of issuing permissions for constructions of buildings. Implementation of the provisions of the master plan by the Planning Authority by way of execution of a series of schemes and projects.



50

Table 15: State and City level Institutional Framework Sl. No

Name of the Institution

Responsibilities and Functions Remarks (Intended roles as per 74th CAA)

1 Berhampur Development Authority

Berhampur Development Authority BDA was constituted under Orissa Development Authorities Act, 1982. Preparation and implementation of Area Development plans and projects for ensuring scientific land use pattern. Working as coordinating agency between various Government Departments and other agencies involved in development activities. Land acquisition and development for various purposes in suitable locations based on an assessment of future needs, control of land subdivision and reconstruction of plots wherever necessary. Determining and phasing land use development.

All functions pertaining to master plan and development plan preparation, preparation of development schemes and its implementation, all city planning functions development controls and building sanctions with in the BM limits, to be dealt by BM as per the 74th CAA.

2 Public Health Engineering Organisation (PHEO), GoO

Also responsible for planning, designing, construction, operation and maintenance of water supply system and management of wastewater schemes including their transportation and distribution. PHEO is also responsible for construction and maintenance of external and internal water supply, sewerage and sanitary installation for state government buildings (both residential and non residential) in the city.

All functions pertaining to designing and construction, operation and maintenance of water supply system and management of wastewater schemes including their transportation and distribution with the BM limits to be dealt by BM as per the 74th CAA The PHEO can continue to deliver it assigned responsibilities and functions outside the administrative jurisdiction of the BM.

3 Works Department (R&B Division), GoO

Responsible for construction, repair and maintenance of buildings, roads, bridges and other related structures financed from the state and capital budget allocations of the GoO. All major arterial roads in the city are under the control of the WD. Also responsible for ensuring that no encroachment or structure, whether temporary or permanent is erected on the land and property under the control of WD. It is also responsible for removal of such encroachments as per the GoO rules. Maintaining a registrar of land, buildings and properties

All functions pertaining to construction, repair and maintenance of all major arterial roads, city roads, bridges and other related road infrastructure within the BM limits to be dealt by the BM as per the 74th CAA. The Works Department can continue to deliver its assigned responsibilities and functions outside the administrative jurisdiction of the BM.



51

belonging to the GoO and under the administration of WD.

4 Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Board (OWSSB), GoO

Responsible for construction and maintenance of major storm water drains (10 nos.) within BM limits.

As per the 74th CAA, the BM, at its own discretion, can decide to hire the services for the works within the BM limits.

5 State Pollution Control Board, Orissa

Responsible for pollution control and environmental protection. Dealing with environmental monitoring and pollution control in the state Also undertakes environmental planning studies for the entire State

State Pollution Control Board should continue to act as a monitoring agency for environmental aspects of the city

6 Directorate of Town Planning, GoO

Advises the GoO on matters pertaining to urban planning

Directorate of Town Planning should provide advisory services on matters pertaining to urban planning.

7 Industries Department, GoO Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation of Orissa (IIDCO)

Responsible for planning and establishment of industries in the State. Also, responsible for development of industrial estates and industrial areas, creation of industrial infrastructure and amenities

These Departments/Institutions should undertake development activities in close consultation/cooperation with the BM.

8 Orissa Tourism Development Corporation State Tourism Department, GoO

Responsible for identification and development of tourist interest sites, publicity and development of infrastructure for tourism in the form of lodging and boarding, transportation facilities. Arrangement of different tourism packages covering different tourist sites.

These Departments/Institutions should undertake development activities in close consultation/cooperation with the BM

9 Forest (City Afforestation) Social Forestry

Responsible for development and maintenance of greenbelts roadside plantation development of parks and social forestry.

All functions within the BM limits to be dealt by theses institutions in association with BM as per the 74th CAA. These agencies can continue to deliver assigned responsibilities and functions outside the administrative jurisdiction of the BM

10 Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), GoI State Archaeological Department, GoO

Responsible for identification, protection and preservation of ancient monuments of national and state importance

These Departments/Institutions should undertake development activities in close consultation/cooperation with the BM.



52

It can be seen in the table below that most of the functions under the 74th CAA are

not yet transferred to the Berhampur Municipality. Berhampur Municipality is at

present responsible only for the solid waste management, minor storm water drains,

street lighting and municipal roads. Other functions like water supply, sewerage,

major storm water drains and major roads are handled by other departments.

Moreover the multiple agencies are required for delivering various functions leading

to lack of co-ordination and accountability as given in the table below.

Table 16: Institutions for Urban Infrastructure

Urban Infrastructure

Planning and Design

Constructions Operation and Maintenance

Role of Private Sector

Water supply PHEO/OWSSB PHEO PHEO - Sewerage PHEO/OWSSB OWSSB OWSSB - Storm Water Drainage Major Drains

Water Resources Department and Works Department

Water Resources Department and Works Department

Water Resources Department

-

Storm Water Drainage Minor Drains

BM BM BM -

Solid Waste Management

BM BM BM with Private Sector Participation

Involved in waste collection from market areas and also in some residential colonies

Roads (including Flyovers) Major Roads

Works Department (R&B Division)



-

Municipal Roads (including Flyovers) Minor/Internal Roads

BM BM BM -

Street Lighting BM BM BM - Source: Berhampur Municipality

5.3. BERHAMPUR MUNICIPALITY

5.3.1. OVERVIEW

Berhampur Municipality discharges various obligatory and discretionary functions as

per the provisions of the OM Act, 1950 and provides various specified civic

services/infrastructure facilities to citizens of the city.

Following are the main obligatory and discretionary functions of Berhampur

Municipality:

1. Conservancy services and solid waste management;



53

2. Birth and death registration;

3. Prevention of food adulteration;

4. Preventive health care;

5. Construction and maintenance of roads, drains and markets;

6. Storm water drainage;

7. Parks & Plantation;

8. Slum improvement and urban community development; and

9. Street lighting and removal of encroachments.

10. Poverty alleviation (BPL families, Distribution of disability pension, Anapurna

card, SJSRY, )

As per the provisions of the OM Act, 1950 the apex body is the ‘General Body’ of

Berhampur Municipality headed by the honorable Chair Person. The Act provides for

State Election Commission to conduct and monitor election to the Municipality. The

Act also empowers the elected persons by assigning the functions of the

Municipality. The Act provides for four authorities in a Municipality as indicated

below:

-Municipality;

-Chair Person;

-Council committees; and

-Executive Officer.

Berhampur Municipality is well structured to frame policies, strategies, their

implementation, supervision and then monitoring with respect to the guidelines and

ethics of various activities of the institution. The municipality is responsible for

monitoring of the functioning of the assets/infrastructures proposed to be created /

developed under the head Operation and Maintenance (O & M) by collecting

reasonably user charges/taxes/fees.

The entire Municipality has 670 employees. The employees can be classified as

regular employees consisting of LFS and NLFS staff and temporary employees

consisting of Daily Labor Roaster (DLR) staff.

The organizational setup of Berhampur Municipality comprises of a political wing and

an executive wing. The political wing is an elected body of corporators’ from different



54

wards in the city and is headed by the Chairperson. The executive wing, headed by

Municipal Executive Officer looks after the day-to-day functioning of Berhampur

Municipality and supports the political wing in the decision-making process.

5.3.2. POLITICAL WING:

The General Body of the Council headed by the Chairperson has various Council

Committees to assist in the decision-making:

1. Public Health, Hospital & Dispensary Committee

2. Public Works Committee

3. Finance Committee

4. Education Committee

5. Any other special subject relating to purpose of the Act.

Berhampur Municipality constitutes of twenty-seven election wards. The general

election of the present Municipal Council was held on 30-08-03, with a tenure period

of five years. The structure of the present council is given below. Figure 6: Structure of the municipality – Political wing

We can see that 36% of the elected members are women representatives. The

chairperson is also a woman, which is a sign of women’s participation.

Chairperson (w)

Vice-Chairman

Councilors Statutory Members

Men (Unreserved) – 10

Women (Unreserved) – 4

Men (OBC) – 4

Women (OBC) – 3

Men (SC) – 2

Women (SC) – 1

Women (ST) – 1

M.P., Berhampur

MLA, Berhampur

MLA, Gopalpur

Nominee of State Govt.



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5.3.3. ADMINISTRATIVE WING:

Under the Municipal Executive Officer, the wing is assisted by an Additional

Executive Officer, Municipal Engineers, and Health officer, and is organized into

various sections: Section Name Branch Officer-in-charge Accounts & Cash Section Executive Officer General Establishment section Executive Officer Law Section Executive Officer Community Organizer Section Executive Officer Diary & Dispatch Section Executive Officer Revenue Section Executive Officer Vehicle Section Executive Officer Public Works Section Municipal Engineer Stores Executive Officer Health Section Executive Officer Survey Section Executive Officer Figure 7: Structure of the municipality –Administrative Wing

Berhampur Municipal Council

Executive Officer

Municipal Engineer Health Officer

Asst.Engin

Junior Engineers – 4

Workers, Sample collectors

and technicians Asst.Engin Asst.Engin

Work Sarkars.

Road Coolie Execution of the project

through agencies /

contractors Civil Maintenance

Work

Testing Of Water Samples,

Adding Required Chemicals

And Biomass For

Purification And

Upgradation Of Water



56

5.4. EMPLOYEE STRENGTH OF BERHAMPUR MUNICIPALITY

The entire Municipality has 674 employees. The employees can be classified as

regular employees consisting of LFS and NLFS staff and temporary employees

consisting of Daily Labor Roaster (DLR) staff. A total of 850 staffs are sanctioned and

hence 182 posts lay vacant. The details of the strength of employees in the

municipality are given in the table below.



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Table 17: Sanctioned and existing strength of Employees of BM as on 31.03.2007

SL NO Name of the post Sanctioned strength

Men in position Vacant

1 2 3 4 5 1 Head Assistants 7 7 2 Senior Assistants 21 6 15 3 Junior Assistants 55 29 26 4 Asst Engineers 3 3 0 5 Junior Engineers 8 6 2 6 Community Origanisers 3 3 0 7 Medical Officers 4 4 8 P A to C P 1 1 0 9 Steno 3 2 1 10 Peons 12 12 0 11 Watcher 6 6 0 12 khalasi 2 2 0 13 Driver(pwd) 9 7 2 14 Cleaner 4 4 0 15 Mechanic 1 1 16 Addl Mechanic 1 1 0 17 Helper to mechanic 1 1 0 18 Helper to J E 1 1 19 Pump Driver 1 1 20 Road Coolic 27 20 7 21 Work sarkar 3 2 1 22 Draftsman 1 1 0 23 Fireman 1 1 0 24 Turn cock 2 2 0 25 Pipe Mistry 1 1 0 26 Work Mistry 1 1 0 27 Electric Mistry 1 1 0 28 Pipe Fitter 1 1 0 29 Light Checkar 3 3 0 30 Gardener 2 2 0 31 Town Surveyor 1 1 32 Amin 4 4 0 33 Chainman 2 2 0 34 Pharmacist 3 1 2 35 Addl Pharmacist 1 1 36 Helper to Homoco Doctor 2 1 1 37 Mid wife 2 2 38 M N O 2 1 1 39 FNO 2 2 40 Medical Sweeper 2 2 0 41 Graduate Librarian 2 2 0 42 Asst Librarian 1 1 0 43 Library Attender 1 1 44 Libaray watecher 1 1 0



58

45 Medical watcher 1 1 46 primary Conductress 7 5 2 47 primary peon 1 1 0 48 spinning Teacher 1 1 0 49 Tax sarkar 27 27 0 50 Mohrior 3 3 0 51 octroi collector 18 9 9 52 Jr Oetroi Collector 17 14 3 53 Octroi peon 22 16 6 54 Fees Supervisor 3 2 1 55 Fees Collector 12 12 0 56 Fees peon 8 6 2 57 Driver (Health) 6 6 0 58 Cleaner 1 1 0 59 Carpenter 1 1 0 60 Helper to Carpenter 1 1 0 61 Attender 1 1 0 62 Zamadar 25 15 10 63 Sweeper(ph) 480 416 64 Total 850 674 182 Source: Berhampur Municipality

5.5. MAJOR CONSTRAINTS AND DIFFICULTIES FACED BY THE MUNICIPALITY ARE:

STAFF SHORTAGE- This Municipality is experiencing acute shortage of staff. At

present around 176 posts are lying vacant. As a result day-to-day official work is

being hampered, as most of the fields as well as clerical staff are over- burdened with

work.

Financial- This Municipality is over burdened with different loans and payment of

provident Fund & gratuity etc. to the retired employees. The holding tax is not yet

revised since long due to certain difficulties. Overall the development work has been

affected due to lack of adequate funds.

Traffic & Encroachment- The traffic is being congested due to encroachment of

roads and pavements. Removal of encroachments is being taken up every year. In

spite of this, encroachments are coming up. Besides this the stray cattle of the town

are not impended as the previous cattle pond has been transferred to PHD Dept, for

establishment of water sump near Municipal office.



59

Devolution of Functions under 74th CAA The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act stipulates transfer of 18 functions to the

ULBs. The status of transfer of these 18 functions to Berhampur municipality is as

follows: Table 18: Performance of 12th Schedule Functions – Municipal Corporation

No. Functions listed in 12th Schedule Incorporated in the Act

Transferred to ULBs

1 Urban Planning including town planning Yes, partly No 2 Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings No No 3 Planning for economic and social development Yes Yes 4 Roads and bridges Yes, partly Yes, partly 5 Water supply- domestic, industrial and commercial No No 6 Public health, sanitation, conservancy and SWM Yes Yes 7 Fire services No No 8 Urban forestry, protection of environment and ecology No No 9 Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections society

including the handicapped and mentally retarded No No

10 Slum improvement and up gradation Yes Yes 11 Urban poverty alleviation Yes Yes 12 Provision of urban amenities and facilities- parks,

gardens and playgrounds Yes Yes

13 Promotion of cultural, educational, and aesthetic aspects Yes Yes 14 Burials and burial grounds, cremations, cremation

grounds and electric crematoriums Yes Yes

15 Cattle pounds, prevention of cruelty to animals Yes Yes 16 Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths Yes Yes 17 Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots,

bus stops and public conveniences Yes Yes

18 Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries Yes Yes Source: MoA For UIDSSMT Project Thus it can be seen from the table above that function such as water supply, town

planning and fire services are not yet devolved to the municipality and are performed

by the state level agencies. However, the state government is now committed to

transferring these functions during the next seven years as part of UIDSSMT and

JNNURM programmes as given in table below. The state government is also

committed to implementation of several other reforms in addition to transfer of

functions.

The reform framework of the city is given below:



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Table 19: Timeline for reform of the function listed under the 12th schedule Functions listed in 12th Schedule Gov.

Resolution Cabinet Approval

Implementation

Urban Planning including town planning Partly, complete transfer - 4th year.

Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings

4th year

Planning for economic and social development - - Exist with ULBs

Roads and bridges Partly, complete transfer – 6th year

Water supply- domestic, industrial & commercial 5th year

Public health, sanitation, conservancy and SWM Exist with ULBs

Fire services 3rd year

Urban forestry, protection of environment and ecology

3rd year

Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections society including the handicapped and mentally retarded

Partly, complete transfer – 2nd year

Slum improvement and upgradation - - Functions exist with ULBs

Urban poverty alleviation - - -do-

Provision of urban amenities and facilities- parks, gardens and playgrounds

- - -do-

Promotion of cultural, educational, and aesthetic aspects

- - -do-

Burials and burial grounds, cremations, cremation grounds and electric crematoriums

- - -do-

Cattle pounds, prevention of cruelty to animals - - -do- Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths

- - -do-

Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveniences

-

- -do-

Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries - - -do-

Source: MoA For UIDSSMT Project



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Table 20: Time line for Reforms

Sl.No. Reform Committed Berhampur

1 Stamp Duty rationalization to 5% Year 3

2 Repeal of ULCRA Done

3 Enactment of Community Participation Law Year 3 4 Enactment of Public Disclosure Law Year 3

5 Introduction of Property Title Certification System in ULBs Year 4

6 Revision of Building Bye laws – streamlining the Approval Process Year 3 7 Revision of Building Bye laws – To make rain water harvesting mandatory Year 2

8 Earmarking 25% developed land in all housing projects for EWS/LIG Year 4

9 Simplification of Legal and Procedural framework for conversion of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes

Year 2

10 Introduction of computerized process of Registration of land and Property Year 4

11 Byelaws on Reuse of Recycled Water Year 7

12 Administrative Reforms Year 5

13 Structural Reforms Year 5

14 Encouraging Public Private Partnership Year 2

ULB LEVEL REFORMS E-Governance

A Appointment of State-level Technology Consultant as State Technology Advisor

Year 5

B Preparation of Municipal E-Governance Design Document (MEDD) on the basis of National Design Document as per NMMP

Year 7

C Assessment of MEDD against National E-Governance Standards Year 7

D Finalization of Municipal E-Governance implementation action plan Year 7

E Undertaking Business Process Reengineering (BPR) Year 6

F Appointment of Software consultant(s) Year 5

G Exploring PPP option for different E-Governance services Year 7

H Implementation of E governance initiatives Year 7

Municipal Accounting

A Resolution by Government expressing commitment to establish modern municipal accounting system. (Note: This resolution should be passed within 6 months of signing of MOA under UIDSSMT and a copy submitted to MOUD.)

Yes

B Go/ Legislation/ Modification of rules for migration to double entry accounting system

Year 4

C Appointment of consultants for preparing statewide municipal financial accounting manual

Year 4

D Completion and adoption of accounting manual (either based on NMAM or independently)

Year 4

E Commence training of personnel Year 2

F Appointment of field level consultant for implementation at city level Year 2

G Notification of cut off date for migrating to double entry A/C system Year 4



62

H Undertaking of Business process re-engineering (if required) Year 4

I Valuation of assets and liabilities Year 4

J Drawing up of opening balance sheet (OBS) Year 4

Provisional OBS Year 4

Adoption of provisional OBS Year 4

Finalization of OBS Year 4

K Full migration to double entry accounting system Year 5

L Production of financial statements Year 5

M Commencement of external Audits of financial statements Year 6

N Adoption of accounts internal audit Year 5

O Complete Revamp of public finance management Year 5

P Undertaking of Credit rating of ULB/parastatal (if required)

Property Tax A Enhancing coverage of property tax regime to all properties liable to tax Year 5

B Elimination of exemptions -

C Migration to Self-Assessment System of Property Taxation Year 4

D Setting up a non-discretionary method for determination of property tax Year 4

E Use of GIS based property tax system Year 3

F Next scheduled revision of guidance values Year 3

G Periodicity for the revision of guidance values Year 3

H Establishment of tax payer education programme Year 5

I Establishment of dispute resolution system Year 5

J Rewarding and acknowledging honest tax payers Year 3

K Achievement of 85% Coverage Ratio - target Coverage ratio for current year

Year 2

L Achievement of 90% Collection Ratio for current demand - target Collection ratio for current year

Year 6

M Improvement in collection arrears Year 5

Levy of User Charges

A Formulation and adoption of policy on user charges (resolution to be passed)

-

B Establishing of proper accounting system to determine O&M separately Year 4

C State/ULB should define service standards and timelines for achieving those

Year 4

D State/ULB should define user charge structure and timelines for achieving those

Year 7

E State/ULB should set up a body for recommending a user charge structure Year 7

F State/ULB should quantify / study the impact of subsidies for each services on a period basis

Year 6

G Time table to achieve full recovery of O?&M costs for user charges Year 7

Internal earmarking of funds for BSUP



63

A Adoption of policy for BSUP Yes

B Defining criteria for identification of the urban poor Year 4

C Define threshold service level for the urban poor for all services Year 5

D Document outlining physical and financial timeframe, source of fund and implementation strategies

Year 5

E Periodic impact evaluation by independent agencies Year 5

Source: MoA For UIDSSMT Project

5.6. KEY ISSUES:

Following are the key issues identified:

1. There is a need to decentralize the local administration as per the 74th CAA for the

effective functioning of the BM.

2. In the event of transferring of functions to the BM according to the 74th CAA there

is a need for capacity building and training of the Municipal staff.

3. Lack of accountability, transparency and coordination between different

departments.

4. The Municipality is likely to become a Municipal corporation in the near future.

Hence there is need for taking into consideration the neighbouring areas while

planning for the city. A cluster approach which considers the neighboring

municipalities need to be formulated. Connectivity to be increased to far off villages

so that they can be well connected.



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Rationale and methodology adopted for situation analysis: The details on the existing system, service levels and issues have been assimilated and documented in this section based on teh following factors: - Preliminary discussion with teh stakeholders - Review of available informaton provided by the departments/entities involved in O&M of the existing systems - Suggestions and issues put forward by the participating stakeholders during the consultative workshop and - Field visits and specific detailed discussions with teh entities responsible for system implementation and O&M

6. URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE STATUS

6.1. OVERVIEW

Urban growth results in heavy

pressure on infrastructure,

particularly water supply, sewerage,

solid waste management, sanitation,

road network, traffic and

transportation etc. Unless

infrastructure is improved, quality of

life suffers. Most importantly it

impacts economic development of

the city and investment climate. It is

important for Berhampur to have a

long-term vision of achieving world-

class standards of service delivery.

However, the current reality is far from encouraging with huge service delivery gaps,

which can only be addressed through a sound strategy and investment program. This

section outlines the prevailing status of urban infrastructure, service levels and key

issues that require to be addressed.

6.2. WATER SUPPLY:

At present Berhampur needs around 57 MLD of water but the current supply is of

only 33MLD. The supply falls in summer due to the drying of the Rushikulya River,

which is one of the major sources of water. During the summers the water supply is

only 27MLD. Every summer drinking water has to be supplied to water scarcity areas

of the city by tankers. A few years ago drinking water had to be transported to the city

by railway tankers.

6.2.1. SOURCE, AVAILABILITY, TRANSMISSION AND TREATMENT

Piped water supply facility to Berhampur town was first provided in 1905 A.D. with a

capacity of 2.72 MLD for a design population of 30,000 and then augmented in 1961



65

to supply 9.08 MLD of water. Subsequently during early eighties, the Rushikulya

Joint water supply project was commissioned, from which 12 MLD water is being

supplied to Berhampur town. The water supply from Dakhinapur is further augmented

to 15 MLD in 2007. The water supply of Berhampur town has been taken over by

P.H.E.O. from Berhampur Municipality on 01.08.1986.

Present water supply in the city is 33 MLD of which 27 MLD is from river source and

6 MLD is from tube well. The ground water source (cheapest source) in the city and

its periphery do not have the potential with respect to quality and quantity. The

present demand for water supply is about 57 MLD against which the production is

just 33 MLD.

Renovation work of the reservoir is in the progress, which will in turn increase the

supply by 15MLD. The main problem of the water supply of Berhampur is that the

source is very far from the city. Water comes to the city through open canals and due

to a lot of tapping on the way there is about 80% loss of water. There is a proposal

for closed water pipes and an amount of Rs 215 crores has been sanctioned for the

purpose.

Presently, Berhampur city is being fed from three sources as given in the table

below:

Table 21: Sources of water Sources 1) Dakhinpur Impounding Reservoir 15 MLD ( 3.31 Mgd) 2) Rushikulya joint W/s Project 12 MLD ( 2.64 Mgd) 3) Production of Wells. 6 MLD ( 1.32 Mgd) Total 33 MLD Source: Improvement of Water Supply to Greater Berhampur town , UIDSSMT Report

1) Dakhinpur Water Supply:

There are 2 Impounding Reservoirs at Dakhinpur covering an area of 40 & 70 acres

respectively at a distance of about 8 Kms from Berhampur town. These Reservoirs

are fed by one open canal from Rushikulya Irrigation system. The capacity of both

the reservoirs is about 1100 acre-feet.



66

The surface water of the above two reservoirs are being treated through three

Treatment Plants. One is conventional slow sand Filtration Plant consisting of 10 filter

beds having capacity of 1.00 MGD, and the other two are conventional rapid gravity

filters having a capacity of 0.5 MGD.& 1.0 MGD respectively. Thus the total capacity

of the three units is 2.50 MGD. But being compelled by the excessive demand, these

three units are being over loaded to produce 3.3 MGD (15.00 MLD) of water, which is

supplied to the town.

There are 3 U.G.Rs at Dakhinpur, one having a capacity of 55,000 Gallons, and the

remaining a capacity of 50,000 Gallons respectively. These three U.G.R are inter

connected. The filtered water from the 1.00 MGD SSF Plant and from 1.50 MGD.

R.G.F. Plant are stored in the above UG Reservoirs. The clear water from 1.00 MGD

SSF Plant is transmitted to the 2.50 lakhs gallons capacity storage reservoir at Aska

Road by gravity main through 14" dia A.C. pressure pipeline and Clear Water from

1.5 MGD RGF Plant is transmitted to 1.5 lakhs Gallons capacity OGR at U.A. Tower

by pumping through 16" dia C.I. pipeline.

From the 2.5 lakhs glns capacity reservoir at Aska Road water is being supplied

directly by pumping to the areas like Haridakhandi, Old Berhampur, Balunkeswar

temple, Ainabandha Road, Bada Bazaar, Sana Bazaar, Prem Nagar, and Giri market

area.

From the 1.50 lakhs gallons capacity Reservoir at Utkal Ashram water is being

pumped to the 1.00 lakhs glns capacity O.H. Reservoir with 33.00 mtr staging

situated near the sump. Then water is being supplied either by pumping or by gravity

to the areas like Hill Patna, Giri Road, Bijipur, Gandhinagar, Barracks, Bhapur Bazar,

Dalua street, Church Road, Babaji tota, Chandrprabha street, Hati Bandha sahi and

other near by areas of Gate Bazar to meet the water supply demand of the

inhabitants.

2) Rushikulya Joint Water Supply Project:

The Joint W/s project was constructed during 1980s with three collector wells of

which two are located on the bank of river Rushikulya at Badamadhapur and the 3rd

Collector well is located at Potlampur. Each Collector well is designed to supply 3



67

MGD of water. Two V.T. pumps having a rated discharge of 3 MGD at 120m head

along with 350 H.P H.T. motors have been installed in each Collector Well. The

present yield is 4.5 MGD (20.43 MLD) from these three collector wells. During

summer season the yield of Collector Wells gets reduced.

Water from the 3 Collector Wells is pumped to 4.5 Mg (20.43 Ml) capacity storage

reservoir at Kalibali through 11 Kms length of 36 " (900 mm dia) P.S.C. pipe line.

About 0.5 MGD of un-chlorinated water is supplied to I.R.E. and about 1.0 Mg of

Chlorinated water is supplied to Chatrapur, Military cantonment and Berhampur

University areas daily.

About 3 Million gallons (approx) chlorinated water is supplied to Berhampur town by

gravity, to the areas like Khodasingi, Engineering School, I.T.I. Industrial Estate,

R.D.C. colony, Ankoli, Courtpeta, Komapalli , Jail Road, Bhabanagar, Brahamnagar,

main Road from Settlement office Junction to Khallikote College Junction, Bijipur,

Nehru Nagar, Railway Station area, Gosaninuagaon area etc. It also feeds to one

U.G. Sump of 50,000 glns capacity inside M.K.C.G. Medical College from where

water is pumped to 1.00 lakhs glns capacity O.H. Reservoir and then distributed by

gravity to the MKCG Medical College and Hospital and Campus.

3) Production wells:

There are 48 large dia production wells located at different water scarcity zones of

Berhampur town. Around 6 ML of water is being supplied daily to Berhampur town

from these spot sources.

There is lack of purification plant. The small treatment plant is not sufficient. An

amount of 5 crores has been sanctioned under the UIDSSMT for this project.

6.2.2. SERVICE RESERVOIR/STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

The total storage capacity available with Berhampur Municipality is about 8.869 MLD

comprising of ground level service reservoirs and elevated reservoirs. There are 32

reservoirs in total supplying water to all the localities in the city.



68

Table 22: No. of Storage Reservoirs with capacity a) GSR 27 Total Capacity = 7.302 ML b) ESR 5 Total Capacity =1.567 ML Source: Improvement of Water Supply to Greater Berhampur town , UIDSSMT Report

There are two water tankers of truck type and four water tankers of tractor type to

support the supply of water during the summer season.

6.2.3. SYSTEM COVERAGE

About 70% of the population is covered by piped water supply. The connection

details are given in the table below where 84% of the connections are domestic.

There are 1755 stand posts and 918654 numbers of hand pumps which is located

mostly in the slum areas where access to piped water is limited. Table 23: Connection Details Category Connections % to Total Domestic: Government 903 4.88 Domestic: Private 15500 83.75 Commercial 142 0.77 Institutional 188 1.02 Industrial 19 0.10 No. of Stand Posts 1755 9.48 Total 18507 100 Source: Improvement of Water Supply to Greater Berhampur town , UIDSSMT Report

The network coverage is 70% but due to dilapidating condition of the pipes the

access to piped supply is only 36%.

The quantity of treated water supplied including transmission and distribution losses

is 33MLD. A population of 1.26 lakhs belongs to the economically weaker sections

(36%) or urban poor who cannot afford to have treated water from city supply system

for various purposes. 1700 public stand posts & 800 deep bore wells fitted with hand

pumps are the source of drinking and cooking water for them.

The water demand considering the projected population of 421936 in 2008 is 57MLD

but the water availability is only 33 MLD. Hence the deficit comes to 24 MLD, which

increases to 150 MLD by the year 2031. It is important to note that the yield of water

during summer is much lower and hence this issue needs to be addressed

appropriately.



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Table 24: Deficit in Water Supply for Different Horizon

Year Projected Population (in Lakhs)

Water Demand (in MLD)

Water Availability (in MLD)

Deficit (in MLD)

2008 421936 57 33 24 2011 469353 63 33 30 2021 819723 110 33 77 2031 1358904 183 33 150

6.2.4. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE INDICATOR

The PHEO levies fees and user charges for the services as the cost recovery

mechanism towards sustaining service provision and delivery. About 46 % of

operation and maintenance cost of Berhampur City’s water supply is being realised

from the consumers through water charges. The State Government has revised the

water tariff recently for commercial, institutional and industrial consumers with a view

to reduce the gap between expenditure and revenue receipts. The Domestic tariff

rate is also increased at the rate of 5% per year in order to achieve self-sustainability. The current flat rate for domestic, non-domestic and commercial consumers is Rs. 48

for provision of two taps and each additional tap costs Rs. 16.5. The tariff structure

and connection costs for water supply in Berhampur city are given in tables below:



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Table 25: Tariff Structure Water Supply Category Flat Rate (per month) Tariff (in Rs/KL)

i. Domestic flat rate per month 48 (2Taps) each additional tap cost Rs. 16.5

ii. Public stand post per month - iii. Metered Volumetric rates Domestic 2.42 Institutional 5.64 Commercial 5.64 Industrial 7.83 iv. Temporary water supply for construction of houses for residential purpose

50 per tap per month

v. Temporary water supply for building construction by contractors 5.64 per 1000 litres

vi. Temporary water supply for non residential purpose 5.64 per 1000 litres

Source: Integrated sewerage and drainage system for Berhampur town Table 26: Connection Costs S. No Cost per connection Domestic 3000 Institutional 4000 Commercial 5000 Industrial 5000 Source: Integrated sewerage and drainage system for Berhampur town

A positive feature of O&M finances is that the O&M cost is declining over the years

while the O&M revenues are increasing. The O&M cost recovery was 28% in the

year 2004-2005 which has gone up to 46% in the year 2006-2007. Although it has

increased over the years, it is still far from achieving the norms for fully O&M cost

recovery. Table 27: Financial aspect of water supply

Year Annual O&M cost (in. lakhs.)

Revenue Collection from water supply (in. lakhs) % of O&M cost (in. lakhs.)

2004-05 736.62 207.96 28.23 2005-06 688.38 273.55 39.73 2006-07 543.51 249.16 45.84

The network coverage in the city is only 70% which is very low as per the standard of

100%. The per capital water supply is 72 LPCD which need to be increased to the

standard of 135 LPCD. There is no metered connection in the city which is also a

cause of high loss of water. O&M Recovery is also only 46%. The performance

indicators/benchmark is given in the following table:



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Table 28: Water supply –Performance Indicators/Benchmark Indicators Municipality Bench Mark Remark

Total Population 307792

Total Number of Households 57796

Network Coverage (%) 70% 100% Low

Access to Piped Supply (%) 36% 100% Very low

Per Capita Supply (lpcd) 72.38 lpcd 135 lpcd Inadequate

Hours of Supply (hrs/day) 2 hrs / day 24 Ineffecient Unserved area 30% 0% Very high. Need to

increase the service

Non-revenue Water (%) 30% 15% Ineffecient. It is almost double the standard

% Metered connections Nil 100% Inefficient

No. Of PSPs 1755 Zero Inefficient

O&M Recovery 46% 100% Inefficient Management Information System (Yes/No)

Partially fully Need to improve

6.2.5. INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT

The Municipality was looking after the city water supply system till 1986 after which it

was handed over to the State Public Health Engineering Organization (P.H.E.O).

Presently, P.H.E.O. is responsible for construction and maintainence of city water

supply and sanitation installation owned by the GoO. In addition, the PHEO is also

responsible for planning, designing, construction, operation and maintenance of

water supply system and management of wastewater schemes including their

transportation and distribution.

The P.H.E.O. and Orissa Water Supply & Sewerage Board (OWSSB) are under the

administrative control of Housing and Urban Development Department (H&UD) of

Govt. of Orissa. Since the PHEO is a state level organization, the office of the Chief

Engineer (PH Urban) coordinates all the activities of the department. The Chief

Engineer is assisted by the Superintending Engineers and other technical and

administrative staff. For ease of administration, the entire state is divided into four

circles, viz. Bhubaneshwar, Cuttack, Sambalpur and Berhampur. These PH Circles

are headed by Superintending Engineers, who reports to the Chief Engineer. In

addition the Chief Engineer is assisted by two Superintending Engineers, who are

individually responsible for Projects and Management and Design. The



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Superintending Engineers are assisted by Executive Engineers and other technical

and administrative staff.

Design and project management for provision of water supply component is jointly

done by the PHEO and OWSSB. of GoO. However responsibility of the OWSSB is

limited to the design and construction of water supply and sanitary sewerage

schemes on behalf of PHEO and local bodies at their cost and on payment of

centage charges. The O.W.S.S.B executes major/ Mega Water Supply and

Sewerage Projects and after completion of the projects, hands over the same to

P.H.E.O. for Operation and Maintenance.

6.2.6. KEY ISSUES:

Below are some of the key issues of water supply:

1. As per the standard norms of CPHEEO and UDPFI guidelines the per capita

supply of water should be 135 lpcd. The per capita supply of water in Berhampur is

73 lpcd. Many people depend on hand pumps as well. The present water bodies

have also dried up and are encroached. This calls for programs for augmentation of

source, reducing NRW, Ground water regulation and recharging and rainwater

harvesting.

2. Berhampur depends on three sources for its water supply: the Rushikulya Joint (12

mld), water supply from Dakhinapur (15 mld) and Production wells (48 Nos, 6 mld).

The present demand for water supply is about 57 MLD against which the production

is just 33 mld. The quantity is very low. The water supply system is inadequate and

poor. The coverage of water supply is only 70 percent.

3. In order to regulate uncontrolled exploitation of underground water sources there is

a need for initiatives viz., licensing, registering and taxing the private bore wells

under a well-organized regulatory mechanism, recharging of groundwater, programs

for rain water harvesting etc.



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4. The billing and collection system is poor and hence there is low cost recovery.

There is no metered connection. Tariff is charged on a flat rate basis. O&M recovery

is also only 46%.

5. The supply of water is sporadic and the frequency of supply varies from 2 hours

daily and in some places every alternate day.

6. The water pipes are very old and hence there is a need for replacement.

7. The Berhampur municipality does not play a role in the water supply but as per

the 74th CAA this function needs to be performed by the municipality. Hence there is

a need for a mechanism for institutional accountability, which can be by means of an

agreement between the different institutions.

8. Strategies such as reuse and recycle of treated water for non-potable purposes by

designing two separate pipeline systems should be explored.

6.3. SEWERAGE:

6.3.1. EXISTING SITUATION

At present there is no sewerage system in the town. People mostly use their

individual septic tanks. Besides, open defecation is prevalent in many areas of the

town. Present water supply in the city is 33 MLD. As per estimate about 80% of this

water i.e. 26.4 million liters is getting converted into wastewater and is finding its way

into open drains without any treatment and ultimately discharging into the sea

through Sapau and Bahana Nullah thereby polluting the water bodies. Non-existence

of full-fledged sewerage collection, treatment and disposal system in the town is

therefore posing threat to public health.

The effluent from septic tank and the open defecation is contributing to pollution of

surface and ground water bodies and affecting the general health and hygiene of the

people. There is a proposal for implementation of integrated sewerage system for

Berhampur town.



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6.3.2. KEY ISSUES

1. There is no sewerage system in the town. In the absence of the sewer network

most of the household sullage is disposed in the open drains and open fields. Due to

open defecation, there is a threat to the health of the citizens.

2. No comprehensive sewerage study and master plan.

3. There is no proper communication strategy leading to poor awareness among the

households

4. Increasing need to address the issues for providing better environment and living

conditions to citizens.

5. In case of poor settlements, the households defecate in open fields due to lack of

public toilets. The condition is far from satisfactory. There is a need for public toilets.

This inturn leads to ground water and surface water contamination.

6. There is a need to promote recycle and reuse of treated wastewater.

6.4. STORM WATER DRAIN:

6.4.1. EXISTING SITUATION

Storm Water Drainage is an important infrastructure often not paid adequate

attention in planning and development of cities. It is very much necessary to promote

orderly growth of towns and cities. Berhampur city is located close to sea and Chilka

Lake. The city is gifted with natural drainage system. The natural drainage pattern of

the town is having gradient from West to South and West to North, which ultimately

grades towards Bahanna Nallah and Sapua Nallah flowing towards Bay of Bengal.

Owing to rapid urbanization and encroachment of existing drainage and nallahs,

overflow of storm water and flooding takes place during heavy rainfall periods.

Besides, during dry weather seasons these storm water drainage channels and

nallahs carry sewage and waste materials leading to environmental problems. There

is a proposal for implementation of a comprehensive drainage project for Berhampur

town.



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Presently there are around 450 kms lengths of drainage in the municipality out of

which 30% is pucca and the remaining 70% is kutcha drains.

Table 29: Existing situation S.No Type Length in Km 1 Pucca 130.6 2 Kutcha 316.228 Total 446.828 Source: Berhampur Municipality Plates 2: Drainage

6.4.2. DEMAND GAP ASSESMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS

The existing length of the storm water drain has been reported to be approximately

446 kms. Considering the total road length of 552 kms in Berhampur, the demand for

optimal coverage at 1.3 times the road length (i.e. about one third of the total roads

would have drains on both sides). Based on this standard, it can be observed that a

gap of nearly 271 kms of drain and this may need to be provided to ensure efficient

storm water management.

The Water Resources Department (WRD) and Works Department are jointly

responsible for the planning design and construction and operation and maintenance

of all major drains located within the city and in the region. Since both the WRD and

Works Department are state level organizations, the office of the Chief Engineers co

ordinates all the activities of these departments. The Chief Engineer is assisted by

Superintending Engineers and other technical and administrative staff.



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The Berhampur Muniipality is responsible for planning and design, construction and

operation& maintainance of allthe minor drains located within the municipal limits.

The office of the Municipal Engineer co ordinates all the activities pertaining to the

provision and operation & maintainance of the storm water drainage system.

6.4.3. KEY ISSUES

1. The SWD system suffers from service inadequacy. Majority of the drains are open

and are encroached. Clogging of drains due to dumping of solid waste and inflow of

household sullage makes the system partially inefficient and also causes frequent

flooding in rainy season.

2. Dumping of construction debris has aggravated the problem. The drains are also

heavily silted. Improvements to the SWD system coupled with effective solid waste

management will improve the situation.

3. Lack of storm water drains in the remaining road length adds to the existing

problems.

4. Toilets are also connected to drains, which poses a great health hazards.

5. Awareness among people is also lacking. There is a need for awareness

programme at the city level covering all sections of the society.

6.5. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

6.5.1. EXISTING SITUATION:

Berhampur Municipality (BM) is providing solid waste management services to the

inhabitants of the town. The BM is responsible for planning & design, construction

and operation & maintainance of the municipal solid waste management within the

municipal limits. The total solid waste generated in the city is estimated to be 160

tons per day. Out of the total quantity of solid waste generated per day about 60% is

collected and disposed off and 40% remains uncollected. The method of disposal is

dumping in open grounds as well as in open channels thereby creating chokage and

stagnation problems. There is a proposal for improvement of solid waste



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management system which is under active consideration for implementation in near

future.

6.5.2. WASTE GENERATION

The source wise generation of solid waste is given below. Table 30: Details of Waste Generation

Municipality S.No. Source of generation (SWM)

Waste in Tons/day % to total

1 House hold waste 43 26.88 2 Institution 2 1.25 3 Market waste 30 18.75 4 Hospital Waste 6 3.75 5 Street sweeping/ Drain cleanings 34 21.25 6 Construction and others 45 28.125

Total 160 100.00 Source: DPR Solid Waste Management, Berhampur

6.5.3. STORAGE AND SEGREGATION

Storage:

The general attitude of people towards waste appears to be very casual probably due

to lack of public awareness. This is evident from the fact that very few people (about

3%) have good closed dustbins in their houses. About 10% to 12% households use

open type waste paper baskets to store household garbage, which is often very

unsafe. The municipality on its part basically uses two types of storage containers

viz. the cylindrical concrete containers each having an internal volume of about 0.5 to

0.75 cubic meters and the masonry cubicles each having an internal volumes of

about 4 to 5 cubic meters.

As far as the numbers are concerned roughly 100 cylinder bins and cubicle garbage

points are found in the town. The capacity of the garbage collection points (masonry

cubicles) do not match with the volume of the waste generated in practice and the

cubicle have less than one third of waste storing capacity. Thus the waste

receptacles maintained in the town are highly inadequate. No special effort seems to

have been made by the municipalities for storage of waste generated in the market

areas, slums, etc.

Segregation:



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No segregation of waste at source is observed in the town. Usually the population

throws the mixed waste on to the roads, drains, open spaces, street corners and any

other convenient places.

Plates 3: Solid Waste Management

About 100 rag pickers collect recyclables like wood, glass, plastics, polythene,

metals, cardboard cartons, bottles, human hair coming from salons and parlors, etc.

as well as from main dumps located at Chandania.

The rag pickers usually sell their picks to about 15 kabariwallas located in the city for

some meager price depending upon the quantity and quality of the pick. The rag

pickers earn about Rs. 30 to Rs. 50 per day.

6.5.4. COLLECTION, TRANSPORTATION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

The responsibility for the primary collection of the waste lies with the Municipality. It

was observed that in most parts of Berhampur, people throw their waste on the

roadside or in the open drains. Very often unused open spaces in street corners,

besides houses, institutions, drain, etc. are also used to throw the garbage.

Eventually this becomes the waste collection point for the municipality. Normally the

waste lying in the above collection points is collected by sweepers and carried to

concrete bins in street corners or to some convenient places by the sweepers with

the help of wheel burrows. If the collected waste is more than the capacity of the bins

the same is dumped around the bins. From these garbage points the garbage is

carried to dumping yard at Chandania Hills by means of tractors, dumper placer,

refuses collector and mini trucks, etc. Only 60% of the waste is collected and



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transported to the dumping yard with available human resources and transportation

system. Construction and demolition waste is also dumped at the same location.

Normally the street is swept once a day. The usual time of sweeping is between 8 am

to 12 pm. Cleaning and collection of garbage from the collection point is not done on

a daily basis. It usually follows a given schedule. Mostly it depends on the availability

of collection vehicle, collection crew and convenience.

Table 31: Frequency of garbage collection Garbage generation point Collection frequency 1 Street sweeping Daily 2 Commercial and market waste Daily 3 Hospitals, clinics, nursing homes Every four days 4 Schools, colleges and other institutions Weekly Source: Berhampur Municipality

There are no facilities available for treatment and disposal of the municipal waste

except dumping the same in open field in Chandania Hill. The dump yard measures

about 10 acres. In course of time this dumping site may be used for developing a

landfill site.

Biomedical waste is treated separately. In the market areas the Solid Waste

Management is leased out to private operators. In one of the residential area the

collection is on door-to-door basis, which is carried out by an NGO by charging a fee

to households. There are no source segregation or treatment facilities in the city.

The solid waste management department of the municipality consists of 9 sanitary

inspector, 40 supervisors, 4 drivers, 431 sweepers and 100 coolies. The overall

responsibility of the Solid Waste Management with the sanitary inspector.

Supervisors and drivers are allotted ward wise on a rotation basis. The beat

sweepers are also engaged on rotation basis in different wards. Usually 10-15

sweepers are engaged per ward. Sometimes if required more sweepers are engaged

particularly in festival and rainy seasons.



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Table 32: Machinery status for collection and transportation of solid waste

Vehicles Available Further requirement

Wheel barrow 400 900 Tractor 16 20 Truck / refuse collector 1 1 Tempo 1 Cess poll emptier 2 1 Dumper placer 1 3 Mini truck 2 6 Dresser 1 4 Loader 2 3 Mini excavator (Hitachi) 1 1 Bins 10 40 Source: Berhampur Municipality

Due to the heavy vacancy of posts and highly inadequate number of persons

available for collection and transportation of solid waste from municipality the

hygienic scenario of Berhampur Municipality is not up to the desired standard.

6.5.5. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR

Table 33: Performance indicator S.No. Indicator Municipality Benchmark Remark

1 Collection efficiency % 62.5% 100% Inadequate 2 Door to door collection

% Partial 100% Inadequate

3 Treatment and disposal %

No 100% Highly inadequate

4 Private sector participation

Partial Fully Very low


6.5.6. KEY ISSUES

1. Absence of effective mechanism for 100 percent coverage and collecting of waste

is causing unhygienic conditions in the city. It also leads to disposal of waste into

streets, storm water drains, etc. causing multiple effects.

2. Solid waste management is in primitive stage – no door-to-door collection, no bins

in the streets, manual lifting and transportation, lack of treatment of waste, and

though adequate land for disposal is available no scientific disposal is taking place.



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3. The city requires an integrated approach to MSW covering door-to-door collection,

street sweeping and collection, lifting and transportation, treatment and processing

and scientific disposal.

4. There is an inadequacy of conservancy staff for street cleaning. This needs to be

addressed through outsourcing and private sector participation.

5. There is lack of capacity for solid waste management in the municipality.

6.6. ROAD TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

6.6.1. EISITING SITUATION

Berhampur city is well connected by road and rail network. The Howrah-Chennai

Railway line of South-Eastern Railway passes through the city making Berhampur as

the busiest station in this region.

Similarly N.H.5 runs close to the city providing direct linkage to Kolkata & Chennai.

N.H. 217 also runs through this city. The city is well connected with districts through

S.H.No.7, 17 & 65. There are 20 major roads in the city covering a distance of 45

kms.

Details of the type of paved surface and corresponding length maintained by the BM

are given in the table below. From the table it can be observed that nearly 45.4% of

the BM maintained roads are black topped while cement concrete and earthen roads

are at 17 percent each. The WBM and moorum roads constitute 10% each.



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Table 34: Type of paved surface and corresponding length maintained by the BM 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006

Length in Kms

% To the Total

Length in Kms

% To the Total

Length in Kms

% To the Total

Length in Kms

% To the Total

B.T.Road 170.36 53.32 172.76 45.95 176.17 46.67 172.69 45.44 C.C Road 31.99 10.01 35.40 9.41 48.35 12.81 61.39 16.16 WBM Road 57.38 17.96 55.93 14.87 44.65 11.83 38.34 10.09 Moorum Road 64.81 17.24 42.12 11.16 40.37 10.62 Earthern Road 59.78 18.71 47.11 12.53 66.22 17.54 67.22 17.69 Total 319.52 100.00 376.00 100.00 377.51 100.00 380.00 100.00 Source: Berhampur Municipality The total length of road in Berhampur city is 550 kms out of which about 30% is

maintained by the Works Department (R&B Division). The details of the length of

roads maintained by the Works Department (R&B Division) is given in table below.

Table 35:Length maintained by the Works Department (R&B Division) 2005-2006 NH 5 NH217 R&B No. I R&B No. II Total Length in Kms. 10.2 13 62 84.5 169.7 Source: R&B Division, Berhampur Municipality Traffic in Berhampur can be termed as heterogeneous with two-wheeler forming a

substantial proportion (92%) of the traffic. There is a large usage of bicycle in the city,

which can be promoted in the future so as to make the city environmentally clean and

also safer. Details of the mode mix is given in the table below: Table 36: Mode mix S.No Mode of Transport Nos % of total 1 2-Wheelers 113780 92.05 2 3-Wheelers (Autos) 1681 1.36 3 4-Wheelers (Jeeps, Cars) 2706 2.19 4 Buses 685 0.55 5 Heavy vehicles 4758 3.85 total 123609 100.00 Source: Regional Transport Office, Ganjam The details on the road accidents are given in the table below. Maximum cases of

road accidents were reported in Big Bazaar area i.e. from NH 217 within Aska road to

corporation road and from first gate-to-gate bazaar, near Khallikote college road, City

hospital road and Bijipur road of Berhampur town P.S. area. In B.N. Pur PS area

accident prone junction were Tata Benz Square, Court petta junction to engineering

school Chakka, Lanjipalli road, NH-5, New bus stand to court Petta junction and

Gosaninuaguam PS road.



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Table 37: Number of Road Accidents

Cases reported

No. of persons killed

No. of persons injured

2001 37 6 31 2002 70 13 61 2003 53 7 46 2004 92 15 77 2005 106 22 84 2006 82.00 21.00 61.00 2007 60.00 20.00 40.00 Sources: Police Department, SP Office

The primary reason for the road accidents are:

1. Significant mix of fast and slow moving traffic

2. Lack of effective traffic management and road safety measures.

3. Encroachments that reduce the effective right of way.

6.6.2. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR AND INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS

Only 73% of the roads are fully paved which is very inadequate. The existing roads

need to be paved. The per capita road length is also 1.24 m only. Hence there is a

need to construct more roads. Table 38: Performance Indicator

S.No. Indicator Municipality Benchmark Remark

1 Fully paved – Road lengths 73.2% 95% Inadequate

2 Per capita road length 1.24 m 1.5-2 m Inadequate 3 Number of accident cases 60 zero Ineffecient traffic

management

The Works Department (R&B Division) looks after the planning and design,

construction and operation and maintenance of the major roads located within the

city and in the region. Since the Works Department is a state level organization the

office of the Chief Engineer coordinates all the activities of the department. The Chief

Engineer is assisted by Superintending Engineers and other technical and

administrative staff. As functions and responsibilities are centralized, city specific

institutional information is not available.

Berhampur Municipality maintains the minor roads and internal roads within the

Berhampur Municipality. The office of the Municipal Engineer coordinates all the

activities related to the provision and operation and maintenance of municipal roads.



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6.6.3. KEY ISSUES

The following are the key issues and concerns with regard to traffic and

transportation in Berhampur:

1. NH 217 passes through the city causing a lot of traffic problems.

2. The roads in the city are in poor condition. The traffic management is not efficient.

There is inadequate and disorganized road furniture- signage, streetlights, signals,

medians, etc.

3. Lack of adequate parking space has been identified as a major problem in the

city. Lack of proper parking facility in the city is leading to congestion as the vehicles

are parked on the roadside haphazardly and there by reducing the width of the road.

4. Inadequate landscaping and greeneries along the roads.

5. Presence of cattle on the roads creates a nuisance and obstructs traffic

movement.

6.7. STREET LIGHTING

Provision and maintenance of streetlights is an obligatory function of the urban local

bodies. Berhampur Municipality handles material procurement, installation and

maintenance of the streetlights. There are 7574 streetlights in the city, spaced at an

average distance of 33 m, which indicates good illumination. Out of the total number

of streetlights 20% are out of order.

6.7.1. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Only 60% of the street is covered by streetlights. There is a current deficit of 10642

streetlights in the city. Conventional Sodium Vapour Lamps (SVL) account for 30 %

of the total lights, Mercury Vapour Lamps for less than 1% and tube lights account for

66% of total lamps.



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Table 39: Street Lighting Coverage 1 Roads Length (in Km) 552 2 No. of Streetlights existing 7574 3 Road coverage (in Km) 230 4 Area Uncovered by Street lights (%) 41.6% 5 Streetlights as per norms (in No. @ 33 no.s in 1 Km) yes Current Deficit (in No.) 10642 Source: Berhampur Municipality Table 40: Details of Street Lights S.No Type of Street lights Numbers % 1 Sodium Vapour Lamps 2283 30.14 2 Mercury vapour lamps 25 0.33 3 Tube lights 5000 66.02 4 Ordinary Bulbs 250 3.30 5 Minimount Lights 14 0.18 6 Highmount Lights 2 0.03 Total 7574 100.00 Source: Berhampur Municipality Map 5: Map of Berhampur showing the streets to be provided with lighting arrangement

Source: UIDSSMT report

6.7.2. PERFORMANCE INDICATOR

The street light coverage in Berhampur is very inadequate as only 60% of the streets

are covered by streetlights. But wherever the streetlights are present, the spacing is

adequate as per the norms.



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Table 41: Performance Indicator S.No. Indicator Municipality Benchmark Remarks

1 Spacing between lamp posts 33 m < 30m Satiafactory

2 Proportion of fluorescent tubelight 66.2% 70-80% Almost adequate

3 Proportion of sodium vapour lamp 30.14% 20-30% Adequate 4 Street light coverage 60% 100% Inadequate Source: Berhampur Municipality

6.7.3. KEY ISSUES:

1. There is a need to provide 10642 streetlights to achieve 100% coverage.

2. There is a need to increase the proportion of fluorescent tube lights



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7. URBAN POVERTY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

7.1. EXISTING SITUTATION

One of the key objectives of the City Development Strategy is to create pro-poor and

inclusive cities. Articulation of strategies to address the problems of poverty and

slums therefore becomes imperative. The urban poor in cities contribute to the

economy of the city by providing various services but often lack access to basic

services and livelihoods. Addressing the needs of the poor would enhance the

productivity of cities and contribute to sustainable development.

Slums represent the areas inhabited by the poor and lack in basic services such as

water and sanitation. Slums are formed due to non-availability of developed land and

housing at affordable prices and also due to the inadequate policies to address their

needs comprehensively. For any city to become inclusive and developed it is

necessary to identify all the slums in the city and provide basic services through

comprehensive slum upgrading approaches. It is also necessary to formulate

appropriate strategies for providing livelihoods. Developing a database on slums and

squatter settlements along with the infrastructure requirements is critical to urban

poverty alleviation.

The lives of people are inextricably related and dependent upon the environment in

which they live. Slum dwellers live in an environment, generally an out come of rapid

and unplanned urbanization, with high health risks caused by poor sanitation,

inadequate refuse or garbage disposal and drainage, heavy indoor air pollution and

overcrowding. It is estimated that, in India, about 40-50% of its urban population live

in slums. Slums are noticed in almost all cities of India and the World. Berhampur

City in the District of Ganjam, Orissa is not an exception. A detailed Slum Population

Survey was conducted for this city in 1997-98 to formulate the requirement of various

services for the people residing there. It is observed that there were 109 identified

slums in the city having population of 88411 in 1997-98, which increased to 91018 as

per 2001 census. Taking into account a growth rate of 31.50% per decade, the

present slum population of the city is expected to be about 1,03,000.



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Since Berhampur city is the head quarter of the Southern Revenue Division of the

State it has a significant presence of trade and commerce activity. In addition to this

there are a number of small-scale industries in the city. All these activities are

growing and possibilities of employment absorption in industrial, allied as well as

service sectors, in trade and business activities, hawking, retailing, etc, have

attracted the rural poor to the city. There are a total of 109 slums pockets in

Berhampur City with a population of 91018 persons, growing at a decadal rate of

31.5%.

Table 42: City vs Slum Total City population

Decadal Growth Rate in %

Total Slum population

Decadal Growth Rate of slums in %

Slum population as % of Total Population

307792 46.28 91018 31.5 29.57 Source: Census 2001

The government of India in Dec-05 has launched the UIDSSMT program in which

Berhampur city is included by government of Orissa and under this program the

municipality has taken up the responsibility to implement various infrastructure

development works.

Along with the UIDSSMT, parallel innovative scheme titled as “Integrated Housing

and Slum Development Programme” (IHSDP) was also launched by Govt. of India,

Ministry of Housing and Poverty Alleviation. The IHSDP has covered 49 slums for

development during the phase 1.

The locations of the slums are indicated in the map below. About 30% of the total city

population lives in slums.



89

Map 6: Map showing the spatial distribution of slum

Source: IHSDP report Table 43: Slum Details - 1997-98 Slums Survey Total Ownership % Unauthorised % Households Population Area in sq. mtrs Families Population Area Families Population Area 19649 88411 211508 89.2 89.86 89.55 10.8 10.14 10.45 Source: 1997-98 Slums Survey

As per the slums survey, which was conducted in 1997-98, the total population of the

slums is 88411 with 19649 households and covering an area of 211508 sq. mtrs. Out

of the total 211508 sq. mtrs of slum area, 89.55% of the area is authorised and the

remaining 10.45% is unauthorised.

According to the report of integrated housing and slum development programme for

Berhampur city, about 80% of the population are permanent residents of the slums

residing there since last fifteen years. Whereas about 15% of population have

migrated from other areas in last five years and 5% have migrated in 5 – 10 years.

The sex ratio is 860. Majority of the population belong to 18 to 60 years of age group

and this shows that working population in the settlement is higher. Women are

engaged as mostly house servant maids and daily wage labourers.



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7.1.1. SOCIO ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS:

The slum population at large lacks skill in any particular trade, but contributes

significantly to the economy of the city by engaging in various economic activities at

low wages. Comfort and environment suitable for human settlements are beyond

their reach. So the slum dwellers in general need to be trained and motivated for

enhancement of their skill, understanding and for meeting their basic needs and

responsibility for a better environment.

Table 44: Slum Details - Census 2001 Population SC

ST

OBC General Total % to the total city population

Households

27% .36% 48.10% 24.54% 91018 29.57 22191 Source: Census 2001

As per the Census 2001, the total slum pockets are 109 and the number of

households and population living in these slums stood at 22191 and 91018

respectively. The total slum population is 29.57% of the total city population and the

number of household is 38.46% of the total city households. Of them, male

population is 42289 and female population is 48729. Out of this, the SC population is

24574 (27%), ST population is 327 (0.36%), 43779(48.10%) is OBC and

22335(24.54%) is general population.

Table 45: Socio Economic characteristics Particulars City Slums Population 307792 91018 Households 57696 22191 Annual Growth rate in % 46.28 31.5 Average household size 5.33 4.1 Sex Ratio 919 860 Proportion of SC/St SC: 8.82% and ST 0.54% SC: 27% and ST 0.36% Literacy rate 82.25 67

Presently the literacy rate is about 67%, which is far lower than the city literacy rate

of 82%. Majority of population are educated up to middle school. Almost 20% are

educated to higher school. The low rate of literacy reflects their low socio economic

status. There is also wide difference in the literacy levels of male and females in the

city and slums. This clearly brings out the need to articulate appropriate strategies to

promote female literacy in the city particularly in the slums and poorer settlements.



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7.1.2. CURRENT STATUS OF SERVICES IN SLUMS:

The IHSDP initially attempted to cover all the slums of Berhampur municipality for

integrated development. Accordingly socio economic and topographic survey was

conducted. During the survey it was observed that there are many unauthorized

jhuggis and there was little scope to evict and relocate them. After a discussion in the

council meeting it was decided to identify the beneficiaries of this scheme as per

guidelines of IHSDP. According to the guidelines 49 slums were selected for

development.

City drinking water supply lines owned by State P.H.E.O. are available in a few

slums. The city does not have sewerage system and the drainage system is quite

bad. Access to toilets is also low as a result majority of the slums experience open

defecation. Some slums have streetlights, which need to be upgraded to bring the

illumination to the desired level. A few slums do not have street light system at all

which are to be provided with new economical street light system

The following statistics are observed according to the survey:

1. 13.72% of the total surveyed population are BPL / Annapurna / Antodaya

cardholders.

2. 14.31% of the total surveyed population have own land measuring about 300 Sqft.

3. Out of the total 6553 number of existing houses as per 2001 census (Authorized),

27% are in good condition which need no upgradation or new construction and 75%

are in bad condition requiring upgradation / new construction.

4. The survey of 49 slum pockets showed that there are only 22 community toilets,

27 primary health centers & schools and 20 community centres. The survey also

showed that 29 slums have community bath facilities, 38 slums have piped water

supply, 27 slums have access to drains, 40 slums have roads network, 43 slums

have streetlights facility and 23 have solid waste management system.



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Table 46: % of HH living in squatter settlement without access to the services Municipal water supply 35% Sanitation Sewer 50% Drainange 50% Community

Toilet 35%

SWM 35% Primary education 35% Primary Health nil Source: IHSDP report

There is lack of toilets in the slums. Hence open defecation is prevalent. They have

to go to nearby open ground to answer their nature’s call. It was shocking to know

that some of the grounds are about one to two kilometers away from the slums. This

is a big issue mainly for the women due to security reasons. The women face a lot of

harassment as well. One of the women told that due to insecurity at night they have

to stop themselves and sometimes end up defecating in the open drains. Water

supply is very poor in terms of access and also quantity. The slum dwellers depend

on the public stand posts. Very few slums have access to tube wells and the quality

of the tube well water is low. On an average the supply is two hours daily but in some

slums it comes only for one hour on every alternate day. Due to this, tension and

quarrel among the slum dwellers are common and frequent. They have to depend on

the local medical college. In terms of transportation, it is very poor in some of the

slums. In one of the slums, people have to walk down a distance of four kilometers to

get access to public transport system. Very few slums have schools, most of them up

to fifth standard and a few up to seventh standard. All the schools have a maximum

of two rooms where all the classes are conducted batch wise and children of different

standards are accommodated in different corners of the room. Solid waste

management is very poor throughout the city. All the waste lies along the roadside.



93

Plates 4: Slums in Berhampur

7.2. SLUM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME:

Since a large chunk of socially and educationally backward class people reside in

slums of cities/towns, their upliftment with better living conditions are essential to

ensure a safe and clean city/town/locality. To alleviate the problems of slum dwellers

and to reduce urban poverty, a number of programmes have been launched by Govt.

of Orissa and Govt. of India, which are being implemented by Berhampur

Municipality. Brief features of the welfare programmes are given below. Table 47: Poverty Alleviation Programs

Nature

Swarna Jayanti Sahari Rozgar Yozana Antodaya Anna Yojana

Annapurna Scheme

Central sponsored

National Family Benefit Scheme

Old Age Pension State Sponsored - Externally Funded - Others - Source: Community Organiser, Berhampur Municipality

7.2.1. Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (S J S R Y):

Swarna Jayanti Sahari Rozgar Yozana (SJSRY) is a centrally sponsored scheme to

enable the BPL families to rise above the poverty line. This scheme has various

components, which are given below in detail.

i) Community Structure:



94

Under this component, various training programmes are conducted for the slum

dwellers which includes awareness programme, RCV (Residential Community

Volunteers) training. During the year 2006-07 an amount of Rs.6,40,692/- has been

received from Govt. of which an amount of Rs.2,00,000/- have been utilized by

organizing training on various aspects.

ii) U.S.E.P. (Subsidy):

In this component, Financial Assistance is given to the beneficiaries with a subsidy of

15% and the rest is loan from Bank and 5% is margin money of the project cost.

During the period 2006-07 an amount of Rs.38,66,648/- have been received from

Govt. and 2256 beneficiaries were covered under the scheme with an expenditure of

Rs.33,37,056/-.

iii) Development of Woman and Children in Urban Areas (DWCUA):

This scheme is distinguished by the special incentive extended to urban poor women

who decide to set up self-employment ventures as a group. Groups of poor women

shall take up an economic activity suited to their skill, training, aptitude and local

conditions. Besides generation of income, their group shall strive to empower the

urban poor women by making them independent as also providing a conducive

atmosphere for self-employment.

The DWCUA group sets itself up as a Thrift and Credit Society, in addition to its other

entrepreneurial activity. The group is entitled to a lump-sum grant of Rs. 25,000/- as

revolving fund at a maximum rate of Rs. 1,000/- per individual. 20 Thrift and Credit

Societies (self-help groups) comprising women members are assisted with revolving

fund. They are engaged in income generation activities like household articles, food

items, etc.

iv) Thrift and Credit Society:

In this scheme, a maximum amount of Rs.1,000/- is given to each member of a group

with 10 to 25 members as revolving fund. During the year 2006-2007 an amount of

Rs.3,62,500/- have been received from Government.

v) U.W.E.P. (Urban Wage Employment Programme):

Under this scheme grants received from Government are utilized for the construction

of road, drain etc. in slum areas. The work is being taken up with a ratio of 60: 40 of

Labour and Material. During the year 2006-07 an amount of Rs.19,45,492/- has

been received by this Municipality for utilization in the slum areas.

vi) Skill Up-Gradation Training:



95

Training in various trades like Tailoring, Applique, Soft Toys making, Computer,

Driving, Food Processing etc. are given to the beneficiaries between the age group of

18 to 35 who are under below poverty line for development of skill. During the year

2006-07 an amount of Rs.23,74,560/- have been received from Govt. and out of

which an amount of Rs.17,82,652/- have been utilized by giving training to 862

beneficiaries.

7.2.2. National Slum Development Programme (NSDP):

Under this scheme, roads, drains, street lighting, community toilet/bath for the slum

people have been constructed. The allotment under the scheme involved 70 percent

as loan and 30 percent as grant. The loan part carried a grace period of 5 years for

repayment with 10 percent interest per annum, in 15 (fifteen) equated installments

per annum and with a penal interest of 2.75 percent if not paid in time. Special

Priority was given to the following:

- Improvement of drinking water supply system.

- Laying/relaying of roads.

- Drainage facilities.

- Construction of Community Halls.

- The programme period is over and successful results have been achieved.

7.2.3. Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY):

Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY) was introduced in the year 2001. The

primary objective of this scheme was to provide shelter or upgrade the existing

shelter of people living below the poverty line in the urban slums. The upper financial

limit for construction of VAMBAY units under normal circumstances was Rs.

40,000/- including provision for toilet for an area of not less than 15 (Fifteen) sq.m.

with a subsidy of 50 percent i.e. Rs. 20,000/- by HUDCO.

Under this program, Berhampur Municipality had identified 300 beneficiaries from 73

families and successfully completed the project.

7.2.4. ANTODAYA ANNA YOJANA:

Under the above scheme a total no. of 3777 beneficiaries have been covered by

getting 35 kg. of Rice per month at Rs. 3/- per Kg for each beneficiary.



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7.2.5. ANNAPURNA SCHEME:

This scheme covers the beneficiaries above the age of 65 years and each

beneficiary is entitled to get 10 kg rice per month at free of cost. About 400

beneficiaries have been covered under this scheme.

7.3. KEY ISSUES:

Following are some of the key issues identified based on the data and also

discussion with the slum dwellers:

1. Lack of Basic Services: The main concern in all the slums is sanitation. Due to lack

of toilets there is high rate of open defecation. Water supply is very poor in terms of

access and also quantity. Solid waste management is very poor throughout the city.

All the wastes lie on the roadside. There is very poor transportation linkage. Lack of

health and education facility is also a main issue. Where present, it is in a very

dilapidated condition. Lack of access to storm water drains leads to flooding.

2. The key to a successful implementation of Slum Improvement Program is

community participation. In Berhampur the community are not involved in the

programmes.

3. Other issues include tenure security and improving living condition in the slums.



97

8. GENDER MAINSTREAMING

8.1. INTRODUCTION:

City Development Plan must be gender-sensitive if it is to be equitable, sustainable

and effective. Gender based urban development is about promoting cities that

respond equally to men and women. Gender mainstreaming is an accepted

worldwide strategy to promote gender equality. Mainstreaming is about incorporating

gender into all aspects of development programming – policy, dialogue, legislation,

structure and institutions, resource allocations and use, planning, implementation and

monitoring. In the CDP, gender mainstreaming will be about gender-neutral

infrastructure development.

A better understanding of the urban gender concerns, especially related to provision

of basic services and policy reforms, a roadmap and approach to integrated gender

issues within the urban renewal and reform agenda are very much required.

8.2. WHY MAINSTREAMING GENDER:

Women and men, rich and poor use urban spaces and contribute to city economic

development as producers and providers of goods and services. However each has

different service requirements, which needs to be taken into consideration while

planning for service provision. All the infrastructure projects have different impacts on

men and women.

Women experience and use the urban environment in different ways from men, they

have different priorities in terms of services and infrastructure, such as transport,

housing, water, sanitation, etc.. Such priorities rarely feature in urban policy or

investments. There has been insufficient recognition of how women and men use

and contribute to the city in different ways; how this is influenced by their different

responsibilities in the home and in society and how this in turn affects their ability to

engage in public life. Too little has been done to plan and manage cities with a focus

on women. A fresh perspective is needed, which recognizes women as integral

players in urban governance and facilitates their participation in urban partnerships.



98

Infrastructure planning in India has been traditionally done by and for men. Women

have little control over use of resources. Some infrastructure performs efficiently only

when gender specific interventions are planned, budgeted, implemented and

monitored. For example community based water supply services that increases time

spent by women in water collection, reduce frequency of buses in non peak hours

increase traveling time for women and roads designed without women’s safety needs

or streetlights are not gender neutral infrastructure services.

Gender blending at a city level will require a thorough and comprehensive gender

based inequalities in local context together with their cause and effects and the

designing of strategic interventions, estimation of costs and benefits, development of

monitoring frameworks to ensure accountability, and the creation of capacity and

commitment for urban development.

8.3. CURRENT SITUATION:

A lot of effort has been made to collect gender-disaggregated data- both from

secondary and primary sources. It is observed that the sex ratio of Berhampur was

919 in 2001 and the ratio has recorded a continuous decline in the past four

decades. The sex ratio of below 6years of age is 893, which is also very low. Women

especially poor women are vulnerable to crime/ violence such as rape, murder and

domestic violence. With regard to social indicators it is also found that there is a

significant difference between women and men in social indicators such as literacy

rate and work participation rate. The female literacy rate is 68%, which is much lower

than the male literacy rate of 81%. The percentage of female workers has gone up

from13.13% in 1991 to 14.54% in 2001 however there was also an increase in the

percentage of female non-workers. Female workers contribute a huge portion of

marginal workers. This may be due to lack of skill and low literacy level. Women’s

participation and decision-making role are also limited but in recent years in

Berhampur the condition has improved. We can see that 36% of the elected wing

members are women representatives. The chairperson is also a woman, which is a

sign of women participation.



99

8.4. STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATING GENDER CONCERN:

The CDP has undertaken gender analysis and formulated strategies for integrating

gender concerns as follows:

8.4.1. WATER SUPPLY:

1. Increase in the water supply coverage and quality so as to reduce burden and

social tensions for women in collecting and fetching water to enhance productive use

of their time and prevent loosing their daily incomes.

2. Water points in suitable location, which will be convenient for the women.

3. Women and men are consulted in design, operation and maintenance, tariff setting

etc

8.4.2. SANITATION:

There is a need to construct women and girl friendly public and institutional toilets.

This will reduce the girl drop out rate from the schools and also address women’s

problem in the work environment. On the whole it will also help in addressing the

health issue faced by women to a certain extent.

8.4.3. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:

Women spend more time in home/ settlement so improper waste management

causes higher risk to them and hence they become more vulnerable. Hence there is

a need for creation of public awareness for 100% door-to-door collection.

8.4.4. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

1. Proper street lighting- city becomes more safe and specially women.

2. Road signs with graphic so that it is understandable by women with low literacy

3. Developing cheap and efficient public transport system- Men are owner of

personal transport and hence women depend more on public transport or walk.

4. In development of terminals, ensure provision of waiting room and toilets.

8.4.5. SLUM IMPROVEMENT

1. Active engagement of women and men in community managed facilities

2. Poverty reduction budget to incorporate gender concerns and prioritize women

headed poor households



100

8.4.6. LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1. Employment in project execution activities and equal wages for equal work for both

men and women.

2. In development of market facility special care to be taken for women vendors and

customer

3. Encouragement of NGO and CBOs through provision of micro credit

8.4.7. OTHER GENDER RELATED STRATEGIES

1. Earmark budget for capacity building in gender planning, auditing and budgeting

2. Guidelines for Citizens Charter preparation to include women friendly services

3. Information system to include gender disaggregated data

4. Budgetary allocation for capacity building support to prepare Gender Action Plans.

Gender Committee to be constituted to ensure implementation and monitoring

Gender Development Sector- Strategic Action Plan Project name Project components 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14Developing tools and guidelines

Gender planning and budgeting √ √ √ √ √ √



8.5. GENDER CHECKLIST

In the formulation of projects there is a need for gender specific data for planning,

monitoring and determining beneficiaries and for gender impact assessment. There

is a need to examine how men and women access, use and get affected by different

urban infrastructure development projects. This can be done by using a gender

checklist given below:

8.5.1. PLANNING AND DESIGN OF PROJECTS:

Collection of gender disaggregated data- both in secondary and primary information

gathering.

Ensure women representative in the stakeholder identification

Integration of gender concerns in all sectors.



101

8.5.2. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION:

In the formation of projects ensure to assess the benefits to women, involve women

and men in planning & design, operation and maintenance.

For every sector ensure the following:

Water:

Women are generally responsible for water collection. Time spent?

Poor quality affect health?

Girl child leave school for water collection?

Sanitation, SWM, Drainage and sewerage:

Time devoted in SW management?

Who and how : manage?

Where disposed the waste?

Who collects and how and when?

People’s health risk- women spend more time in home/ settlement so improper

sanitation cause higher risk to them

Ensure toilet in workplace

At what interval is the community toilet

Pay and use

Covered drains

Private toilet (provision of toilet to the slums)

Sewerage needs to be connected to notified slum.

Access to livelihood and employment

Women earn less than men

Economic contribution is unacknowledged, unmeasured and unsupported.- need

to organize

Work in informal sector and hence exclused from safety nets(maternity

leave, health care, pension)

Equal opportunity?

Right to social services;

Household industry

Safety and security



102

Urban space and safety: streetlight, distance of public transport system

Violence against women.

Urban transport

How many roads planned are motorized and how many are smaller roads within

the neighbourhood.

What mode of transport do women use in such motorized road? (Men are owner

of personal transport and hence women depend more on public transport or

walk)

How many women use pedestrian walkways

How easy, difficult, safe are these pavements for the women to walk

Are walkways planned with soft landscape that is friendly for children?

Are the walkway low and comfortable to get on and off? Is the O and M

high priority?

How is the lighting planned? - road safety

Are road signs with graphic so that it is understandable by women with low

literacy?

Distance of public transport

Public transport to cater to women working late night.

Rehabilitation due to road widening- tenure and security

Being counted:

Women in governance: most women being proxy candidate

Awareness program taken up or not?

Provision of platform? Is there any women community based organization at

the city level to address the need and discuss issues.

Women a part of decision making?

8.5.3. PROJECT EVALUATION:

Monitor whether the money is spent as planned and an assessment of impact of the

programmes; projects and schemes will be conducted so as to ensure gender

mainstreaming.

Also one can look into capacity building for participation through awareness

porgrammes, trainings, etc.



103

9. URBAN FINANCE

9.1. GENERAL

Urban Local Bodies do not have a sound financial base. Many of them are relatively

weak reflecting their increased dependence on the state government and external

sources like the grants received from the Finance Commissions. At the same time

they are found reluctant to take serious steps to improve their weak fiscal position.

9.2. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BERHAMPUR MUNICIPALITY

Berhampur Municipality is following single entry (cash-based) accounting system for

maintaining the municipal accounts. For the purposes of analysis, all the account

items are broadly categorized under the following major heads of Income and

Expenditure:

Income: All recurring and non-recurring items of income and expenditure are

included under this head. Income includes the receipt of the municipality under rates

and taxes, license and other fees, receipt under special Act, revenue derived from

municipal property and power apart from taxation, grants and contribution for general

and special purposes, miscellaneous and extraordinary and debt.

Expenditure: All expenditure of Berhampur Municipality can be categorized under

general administration and collection charges, collection of taxes and fees, public

safety, public health, medical, public convenience, public instruction, miscellaneous

and extraordinary and debt.

The overall financial performance of Berhampur municipality is satisfactory. The

budget is running on a surplus. The income of BM has gone up to Rs. 22.9 crores in

FY 2006-07 from Rs. 10 crores in FY 2000-01 at a compounded annual growth rate

of 14.76 %. The expenditure has gone up to Rs. 19.24 crores in FY 2006-07 from Rs.

10.7 crores in FY 2000-01 at a compounded annual growth rate of 10.23 %. The

growth rate of income and expenditure has stabilized since 2005-06. The figures on

the municipal finance along with charts are given below for reference.



104

Figure 8: Total income vs expenditure 2001-06

0

50000000

100000000

150000000

200000000

250000000

Total income 100374102 128167780 121683469 151663400 117783406 174528785 229271994

Total Expenditure 107303683 116976899 133047326 140488747 118665232 162134333 192490946

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Source: Berhampur Municipality Figure 9: Growth rate of income and expenditure

27.72

-5.07

24.67

-22.36

48.26

31.35

8.9513.77

5.56

-15.53

36.68

18.69

-30.00

-20.00

-10.00

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Growth rate of receipt Growth rate of expenditure


9.3. REVENUE ACCOUNT

All recurring items of income and expenditure are included under this head. The

break up of this head includes taxes and non taxes levied by the Municipality,

Municipality share of taxes levied by the Government, fees collected by the

Municipality and miscellaneous receipts on the income side, and salaries,

maintenance expenditure, etc. on the expenditure side.



105

9.3.1. REVENUE RECEIPT

The data on the municipal receipt are given below in the table: Table 48: Revenue receipt of Berhampur Municipality from various sources

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 1. Municipal Rates and Taxes 5526817.00 6262047.00 6473942.00 7215477.00 8749111.00 12168160 13345601 2. License and other fees 2278205.00 2796879.00 2550640.00 2570260.00 2172299.00 1501495.00 1292774 3. Receipt under special Act - 10210.00 197.00 - - - 4300 4. Revenue derived from municipal property and power apart from taxation 3583250.00 4253778.00 5414179.00 4933673.00 9633397.00 5514291.00 5501096 5. Grants and contribution for general and special purposes

71673276.00

94068500.00

97055000.00

115478289.00 82880715.00

141952383.00 144585933

6. Miscellaneous 1379383.52 1669422.15 1620975.23 1731167.22 2717027.00 6700894.00 6944633.82 7. Extraordinary and debt 15933170 19106944 8568536 19734534 11630857 6691562 57597656

Total income 100374101.52

128167780.15

121683469.23

151663400.22 117783406.00

174528785.00

229271993.82


The municipality is dependent on grants. As can be seen the contribution from grants

is the highest which is 74% (average of 2000-2007) and this is followed by

contribution from extraordinary and debts. There is negligible share of receipt under

special act and the receipt from license is only 1.6%. Receipt from rates and taxes

form about 6% of the total receipt.



106

Figure 10: Year wise percentage share of the income 1. Municipal Rates and Taxes 2. License and other fees 3. Receipt under special Act

4. Revenue derived from municipal property and power apart from taxation

5. Grants and contribution for general and special purposes

6. Miscellaneous 7. Extraordinary and debt

Percentage share to total incomeAverage of 2000-2007

5.811.640.004.052.05

12.81

73.64

Percentage share to the total income- 2000-01

71.41

1.37

15.875.512.273.57


74%

1%15%5%2%3%


5%

81%

1%7%4% 2%


5%

76%

1%

13%3%2%

Percentage share to the total income-2004-05

7%8%

71%

2%

10%2%


7%

81%

4%4%3%1%



107


6%

63%

3%

25%2% 1%

Municipal Rates and Taxes: The income under the head municipal rates and taxes

is increasing each year. It has increased from Rs. 55.27 lakh in 2000-01 to Rs.

133.46 in 2006-07 at a CAGR of 15.83 percent. The growth rate of municipal rates

and taxes is 16.36 perecnt on an average during the period from 2000-01 to 2006-07.

This can be more clearly observed from chart given below. The analysis is made by

taking the figures of 2001-02 to 2006-07. As it can be seen that municipal rates and

taxes have shown a growth rate of 13.30 percent in 2001-02 to39.08 percent in 2005-

06 in comparison to last year figures. However it has shown a very low growth rate in

2002-03 and also in 2006-07 in comparison to last year figure. So the Municipality

has to take some major initiatives in this regard. On an average collection under this

head is contributing upto 5.81 percent of the total income of the municipality.

The main source of collection under this head is from House Tax. These taxes are

levied on any immobile land and buildings as per the current use. These are indirect

user charges for the services provided by the Municipality whose benefits are

collective and not confined to any particular or identified property.

Current System of Tax Assessment: The present assessment is done based on the

provisions of Orissa Municipality Act of 1950. The current tax system encompasses

within its ambit- the Holding Tax (5% of AV), Latrine tax (6% of AV), Water Tax (6%

of AV), Light tax (4% of AV) and Drainage Tax (4% of AV). All the holdings are

charged at equal rate of 25%. No distinction is made between residential /

commercial building.



108

Figure 11: Growth rate of revenue receipt

Growth rate of revenue from municipal rates and taxes

13.30 3.38 11.45 21.25

39.08

9.680.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Years

Gro

wth

rate

Growth rate of revenue from license and other fees

22.77

-8.80 -13.90-30.88

0.77

-15.48-40.00

-20.00

0.00

20.00

40.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Years

Gro

wth

ra

te

License and other fees: The collection under licence and other fees is showing a

decreasing trend. It has reduced from Rs. 22.78 lakh in 2001-02 to Rs. 12.93 lakhs in

2006-07. This can be seen from the graph given below. License and other fees are

contributing only upto 1.64 percent of total income.

The various sources under which the collection under this head of income is made

are from Stall license, DO trade, vehicle and animal license, etc.

Charge for licence on vehicle & animals –w.e.f 01-04-07 is:

1. Each Cycle: Rs 1000

2. Each Rickshaw: Rs 2000

3. Every Bullock Cart: Rs 3000

Receipt under special Act: Berhampur Municipality has collected only Rs. 0.10 lakh

in 2001-02 and Rs. 0.04 lakhs in 2006-07 under this source of income.

Revenue derived from municipal property and power apart from taxation: The

collection under this head is showing an increasing trend. It has shown a steady

growth in each year except the year 2004-05, in which it is unusually high in

comparison to other years. It contributes upto 4.05 percent of total income of the

municipality.

From the chart given above it can be observed that the growth rate under this source

of income has reached top most level in the year 2004-05 and also has fall down in

the next year itself. The collection under this head is Rs. 35.83 lakhs in 2000-01 and

it reached Rs. 96.33 lakhs in 2004-05. However it fall down to Rs. 55.14 lakhs in

2005-06, which level it also maintaining for the next year, i.e., Rs. 55.01 lakhs.



109

Growth rate of revenue from municipal property and power apart from taxation

-8.87

-42.76

-0.24

95.26

27.2818.71

-50.00

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Y ears

Gro

wth

rate

Growth rate of revenue from grants and contribution for general and special

purposes

31.2571.27

18.98

-28.23

3.17 1.86

-50.00

0.00

50.00

100.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Grants and contribution for general and special purposes: Berhampur

Municipality is getting various grants from Central and State Govt. It is the major

source of income of the municipality. This is not a good sign, as the municipality has

to depend on the Govt. grants for its sustenance. The grant has almost doubled in

the seven-year period. It has increased from Rs. 716.73 lakh in 2000-01 to Rs.

1445.86 lakhs in 2006-07. It has increased from Rs. 828.81 lakhs in 2004-05 to Rs.

1419.52 lakhs in 2005-06. It contributes upto three fourth of the total collection. It has

contributed upto 73.64 percent of the total income.

Miscellaneous: Revenue under the head miscellaneous has maintained steady

growth in the first four years of our analysis period. In the year 2005-06, it has got a

swift increase. It has increased from Rs. 27.17 lakhs in 2004-05 to Rs. 67.01 lakhs in

2005-06. It has an average growth rate of 38.69 percent in the last seven years. It

contributes upto 2.05 percent of the total income of the municipality.

Growth rate of revenue from miscellaneous

146.63

3.6456.95

6.8021.03 -2.90

-50.00

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Years

Gro

wth

rate

Growth rate of revenue from extraordinary and debt

760.75

-42.47-41.06130.31

-55.1519.92

-400.00

0.00

400.00

800.00

1200.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Years

Gro

wth

rate

Extraordinary and debt: The collection under extraordinary and debts is steady in

the first four years of our analysis period. However in the year 2005-06 it has reduced

from Rs. 116.31 lakhs in 2004-05 to Rs. 66.92 lakhs in 2005-06, and has increased



110

to Rs. 575.98 lakhs in 2006-07. The average growth rate is 128.72 percent and

percentage of share to total income is Rs. 12.81 percent.

9.3.2. PROPERTY TAX

There is a need to improve the coverage, assessment mechanism and collection

efficiency for Property Tax for improved resource mobilization. The current system of

assessment, i.e., based on Annual Rental Value (ARV) should be revised.

Berhampur Municipality cannot assess new properties or increase tax rates without

converting to the new system. Therefore, the Municipality should start the process of

implementing assessment on Unit Area Basis as early as possible. This would

require drafting of byelaws, which will lay down the guidelines for a more rational

assessment based on zoning of the Municipal area, property values and level of

infrastructure available. The byelaws will need to spell out clearly the enforcement

rules and penalty clauses for non-compliance. For the purpose of the reforms in this

area, the following short- to medium-term interventions need to be taken up.

The interventions required are:

Filing of returns by the property owners/occupiers;

Conducting a detailed house-to-house survey of properties within the municipal area,

giving property identification code to each property and Zoning of city on the basis of

rates;

Computerizations of holding tax, rentals from municipal markets, and license records;

Strengthening grievance redressal and dispute resolution mechanism at the ULB

level

Organizing tax payers’ education program and organizing area camps /awareness

camps for citizens

Computerizing demand/collection register and preparation of reconciliation

statement.

Developing an effective MIS for monitoring property tax at various administrative

levels.

Organizing training programmes for municipal personnel on property tax reforms.

Switchover to Unit Area Method;

Tax mapping and GIS; and

Development of municipal assets on a Public Private Partnership (PPP) model



111

9.3.3. REVENUE EXPENDITURE

The municipal expenditure is shown in the table below: Figure 12: Municipal Revenue Expenditure

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 1. General administration and collection charges 5347800 5528699 6435694 7314460 8089198 7637103 7737096 2. Collection of taxes and fees 6550889 5865586 6473822 6250707 3666168 3802798 5698089 3. Public safety 9140404 8760864 11777142 10101611.74 9575633 11074954 10774616 4. Public health 1097662 37132566 43835493 36435468 24149079 49489935 43214646 5. Medical 18775750 1389027 1512345 1274451 262224 2573280 1844743 6. Public convenience 26770970 24593327 37287160 41563435 41677720 38358207 64654545 7. Public instruction 12635783 13736267 15702324 12482241 6905611 5105466 1589124 8. Miscellaneous 1459930 1049014 909655 992240 453564 2716406 1459510 9. Extraordinary and debt 25524495 18921549 9113691 24074133 23886035 41376184 55518577 Total 107303683 116976899 133047326 140488746.7 118665232 162134333 192490946Source: Berhampur Municipality

The expenditure of the municipality goes mostly on the public convenience and

public health which contributes to 28% and 26% of the total expenditure respectively.

Only 5% is spent on general administration and collection charges.

The percentage share of expenditure on general administration and collection

charges has gone up from 5% in 2000-01 to 7% in 2004-04, which again has

reduced to 4% in 2006-07. The expenditure on public health has gone up from 25 %

in 2000-01 to 33% in 2006-07 whereas the expenditure on public safety has reduced

form 9 % in 2000-01 to 6% in 2005-06.



112

Figure 13: Percentage share of expenditures

1. General administration and collection charges

2. Collection of taxes and fees 3. Public safety 4. Public health 5. Medical 6. Public convenience 7. Public instruction 8. Miscellaneous 9. Extraordinary and debt

Average percentage share to total expenditure- 2000-07

5% 4% 7%

26%

1%28%

8%

1%20%

Percentage share to total expenditure- 2000-01

5% 6%9%

17%1%25%

12%

1%

24%


5% 5% 7%

32%1%21%

12%

1% 16%


5% 5%9%

32%1%

28%

12%1% 7%


5% 4% 7%

26%

1%30%

9%

1% 17%



113


7% 3%8%

20%

0%36%

6%

0%20%


5% 2% 7%

30%

2%24%3%

2%

25%


4% 3% 6%

22%

1%33%

1%

1%

29%

General Administration and Collection charges: The general administration and

collection charges have been increasing each year. It has increased from Rs. 55.48

lakhs in 2000-01 to Rs. 133.46 lakhs in 2006-07. It is on an average 5.04 percent of

total expenditure and is increasing at an average growth rate of 6.63 percent per

annum. Figure 14: Growth rate of revenue expenditure

Growth rate of expenditure on genereal administration and collecton

4.024.71

6.825.214.84

4.73

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Growth rate of expenditure on collection of taxes and fees

3.73-10.4610.37

-3.45

-41.35

49.84

-50.00

0.00

50.00

100.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07



114

Collection of taxes and fees: The expenditure under this head is showing an

oscillating trend. It was Rs. 65.51 lakhs in 2000-01 and has reduced to Rs. 38.03

lakhs in 2005-06 and again has increased to Rs. 56.98 lakhs in 2006-07. Its

percentage of share to total expenditure on an average is 4.12 percent.

Public safety: Expenditure under this head is also showing an oscillating trend.

Berhampur Municipality is spending 7.51 percent on an average of total expenditure

in public safety.

Growth rate of expenditure on public safety

34.43

-4.15

-5.21

-14.23

-2.71

15.66

-20.00

0.00

20.00

40.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Growth rate of expenditure on public health

18.05

-16.88 -33.72

-12.68

104.9497.77

-50.00

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Public health: Twenty-five percent of the total expenditure is spent towards public

health. Berhampur Municipality is spending average 25.92 percent of total

expenditure in public health. Expenditure under this head has increased from Rs.

187.76 lakhs in 2000-01 to Rs. 432.15 lakhs in 2006-07. It is increasing at a growth

rate of 26.25 percent per average during the seven years of our analysis.

Medical: Expenditure under this head is in increasing trend during the seven years

period except the year 2004-05. Average percentage of expenditure made under this

head is 1.17 percent of total expenditure.

Growth rate of expenditure on medicine

881.33

26.54 8.88 -15.73 -79.42 -28.31

-200.00

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Growth rate of expenditure on public convenience

-8.13

51.61

11.47

68.55

-7.96

0.27

-20.000.00

20.00

40.0060.0080.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07



115

Public convenience: Berhampur Municipality is spending on an average 28 percent

of total expenditure for public convenience. It has increased from Rs. 267.71 lakhs in

2000-01 to Rs. 245.93 lakhs in 2001-02, Rs. 372.87 lakhs in 2002-03, Rs. 415.63

lakhs in 2003-04, Rs. 416.78 lakhs in 2004-05 to Rs. 646.55 lakhs in 2006-07 except

the year 2005-06 in which it was Rs. 383.58 lakhs. Though it is increasing in

monetary term, but the growth rate is not increasing, it is oscillating.

Public instruction: Expenditure under public instruction is decreasing since 2002-

03. It has decreased from Rs. 157.02 lakhs to Rs. 15.89 lakhs in 2006-07.

Expenditure made under this head by the municipality is on an average about 7.71

percent of total expenditure.

Growth rate of expenditure on public instruction

8.71 14.31

-44.68-26.07

-68.87

-20.51

-80.00-60.00-40.00-20.00

0.0020.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Growth rate of expenditutre on miscellaneous

498.90

-13.28-28.15 9.08

-54.29

-46.27

-200.00

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Miscellaneous: Expenditure under this head is about 0.92 percent of the total

expenditure. It has been more or less same during the seven years of our analysis

except in the year 2005-06 in which it is unusually high.

Extraordinary and debt: The expenditure

under this head is growing at an average

rate of 32.18 percent and percentage of this

expenditure to total expenditure is 19.78

percent. During the year 2000-01 it is Rs.

255.24 lakhs. It has reduced to Rs. 189.22

lakhs in 2001-02, and to Rs. 91.14 lakhs in

2002-03. After that it has been increasing.

During the year 2006-07 it is Rs. 555.19

lakhs.

Growth rate of expenditure

164.15

-0.78

73.2234.18

-51.83

-25.87

-100.00

-50.00

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07



116

9.3.4. KEY ISSUES

1. Presently, Berhampur Municipality is following cash-based single entry system of

accounting for maintaining its daily transactions using registers and formats

prescribed under the Orissa Municipal Rules, 1953.

2. Municipal accounts are maintained manually.

3. Revenue and capital items are not distinguished. Receivables, payables, non-cash

items of expenditure are never considered.

4. The Act is yet to adopt the double entry system of accounting as a part of the

reforms required under the JNNURM.

5. The pay-roll accounting and the stores/inventory are managed by different

sections.

The BM is not preparing any Annual Statement of Accounts.

6. Revenues are recorded only when cash or cheques are received;

7. Expenditures are recorded only when payments are made in respect thereof;

8. Receivables arising due to demand raised are not recorded in the accounting

system;

9. Liabilities are not recognized on receiving of the service and/or goods;

10. The classification between capital and revenue items of receipts and

expenditures is not maintained;

11. The accounting system is not computerized.

12. The Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003 is yet to be supported by a complete

set of municipal finance rules, thus the BM is following the old sets of registers and

forms, prescribed under the Orissa Municipal Rules, 1953.



117

13. No fixed asset registers is maintained.

14. Though there is a staff advance register available in the Municipality, but it is not

maintained properly by the Municipality.

15. The BM is not conducting any physical verification of stocks and fixed assets.

Information in regard to various assets is scattered, and also in regard to some

assets

16. BM has no proper records available. However, these assets need to be verified

and valued before they are considered in the assets register.

17. Local Fund Audit is carried out within the Municipality by the LF officers.

18. No analysis of variance between the budget estimates and the actual are carried

out.

19. There is no system of maintaining depreciation fund for any assets, which may

create a liquidity crunch situation in case of any major asset breakdown.

20. There is no cash management, receivable management, inventory management

and expenditure management system for the Municipality for better financial

management.

21. Though there is a proper internal control system is in place but some changes

required for a transparent and better financial management.

22. There is no Management Information System (MIS) is running in the ULB though

different departments prepares different reports as and when necessary.

23. Lack of trained manpower in the Municipality.



118

10. VISION AND STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN

10.1. SWOT ANALYSIS:

Based on the analysis in previous chapters, a SWOT analysis of the city is conducted

and presented as below:

Strength Main centre for business Strategic location A regional hub for education and trade Good connectivity by Roads and Railways Educational centre - high literacy rate Presence of large number of educational institutions Silk city image- famous for manufacturing Patto Sarees Presence of number of NGOs Many government Programmes Presence of a lot of small industries such as food processing industries Weakness Weak municipal finance position Lack of co ordination and transparency Absence of recent master plan. Haphazard development - unplanned growth Lack of awareness towards heritage conservation and others Inadequate infrastructure – particularly water supply and sewerage No air connectivity Opportunity Tourism - many tourist attraction sites in the surrounding areas. Expanding state economy particularly IT sector – scope for exploiting the growth potential Natural regional hub in services, trade and commerce Main trading Centre for south Orissa - influence in eight districts Flexible growth in the sub regions. Administrative importance - headquarter of Southern Orissa Threats Less prone to natural hazards as per seismic records but very vulnerable to Cyclones (June to October) High population growth High poverty and slum population Non conforming land use Inadequate capacities

10.2. VISION STATEMENT

Berhampur to become a regional centre for sustainable economic growth, prosperity

and culture in Southern Orissa by promoting tourism, trade and commerce and IT

enabled modern service activities and by making the city a clean and green and slum

free city with high quality of services to all its citizens.



119

10.3. PROJECTION OF FUTURE POPULATION

The population projection is very important for estimating the future requirement of

urban services. This has been done by employing Geometric Progression Method,

Arithmetic Progression Method and Incremental Increase Method, which are given in

the table below.

Table 49: Population forecast

Year Population

Arithmetic Progression Method

Geometric Progression Method

Incremental Increase Method

Berhampur Municipality Area (37.09 sq. kms) 1961 76931 1971 117662 1981 162550 1991 210418 2001 307792 2008 401361 450207 421936 2011 424753 658518 469353 2021 541714 963215 819723 2031 658675 1408894 1358904

It is recommended to consider the projection by means of Incremental Increase

Method, which comes to around 13.5 lakhs population in 2031 for the Berhampur

Municipal Area. This figure is considered for future requirements of services.

10.4. STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN

Overall there is lack of basic infrastructure. Considering the Challenges and identified

goals, a robust strategy needs to be adopted to create Berhampur as a regional hub

of economic activities. Strategic Action Plan needs to be articulated which covers

policy level planning, reforms, institutional strengthening, source augmentation and

service delivery aspects.

10.4.1. STRATEGIES FOR WATER SUPPLY:

For a supply of 135 lpcd and for a projected population for the year 2031 which

comes to 6.55 lakhs the projected water demand is expected to be about 88 MLD.

The following are the strategies for improving water supply to meet the future

requirements:



120

Upgrading the source Since the supply from the river is not sufficient there is a need for source

augmentation. The present deficit is 24 MLD which is projected to increase to a

deficit of 150 MLD by 2031.

Conservation of Lakes and natural water bodies. Berhampur has a lot of water

bodies which are main source of water for those who cannot afford the piped water.

The water bodies are encroached by plants and garbage dumped into it. There is an

urgent need to conserve the water bodies

Reducing NRW

It is reported that the non-revenue of water, which includes physical losses, is about

30 percent. However, the estimated losses can be higher between 35 to 40 percent.

There is no metering which adds up to the loss. The water connections are not

metered which leads to wastage. This calls for addressing issues such as non-

revenue water, metering, improving collection system etc.

Replacement of old pipes There is a requirement to replace the old pipes, as the usage of dilapidated pipes will

have an ill effect on health of the people causing water borne diseases. There was

an incidence of viral fever in old Berhampur where 20-30 people died and this was

caused by the poor condition of the water supply pipes. There is a need for replacing

and rehabilitating old pipes.

Treatment plant and distribution system The treatment plant at Dakhinpur water supply is overloaded. Hence there is a need

for a new treatment plant and improvement in the distribution network.

A treatment plant is required which can convert the wastewater to usable water. This

calls for separate pipe like for supply of drinking water and water for other purposes.

Targeting subsidies to the poor (important) Attention also needs to be paid to enhancing access to the poor. The coverage and

access of basic services to the deprived communities when compared to others is

low and needs to be improved.



121

Realistic pricing and cost recovery There should be a full (100%) O&M cost recovery and this calls for the following

measures

- Improving billing, collection efficiencies

- IT enablement

- Rationalization of tariff structure

- Targeted subsidies

Protection of water bodies including rain water harvesting As an initial step towards the rainwater harvesting measures, it is necessary to

ensure that required provisions are made while issuing building permissions to make

rainwater harvesting mandatory. This may be later scaled up to the existing

structures as well.

Regulatory measures for ground water use There is a need to establish a suitable regulatory mechanism to protect the ground

water sources from being exploited with measures like issue of permissions,

controlled use, and levy of appropriate taxes for commercial use etc.

Ground water sources are expected to get further depleted in the years to come if

such measures are not taken affecting the society at large. Moreover, such

regulatory measures would contribute towards the augmentation of underground

aquifers.

Institutional accountability Currently water supply and sewerage in Berhampur Municipality is completely

managed by the State Public Health Engineering Organization (PHEO) and Orissa

Water Supply & Sewerage Board (OWSSB). According to the 74th Constitutional

Amendment Act these functions are entrusted to the urban local bodies and it is

mandatory to comply with the same under the UIDSSMT program. Hence the city

should formulate a strategy and mechanisms to make the water supply delivery

accountable to the Berhampur Municipality.



122

The strategic action plan for water supply is given below: Water Supply Sector- Strategic Action Plan Project name Project components 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Water sector reforms

Simplification of procedures, communication strategy, grievance redressal system, 100% metering, Policy on services to poor, O&M cost recovery, etc.

√ √

Master plan preparation

Preparation of a comprehensive master plan √ √ √

NRW reduction Study (leak Detection) and measures, equipment √ √ √ √ √ √

Energy audit Study and measures √ √ √

Short term improvement plan

For distribution and treatment √ √ √

Long term improvement plan

For source upgradation √ √ √ √ √ √

Institutional Strengthening

Training and Capacity building √ √ √

RWH Implementation of Rain Water harvesting √ √ √ √

Strategies for water supply: 1. Upgrading the source

2. Reducing NRW

3. Replacement of old pipes

4. Treatment plant and distribution system

5. Targeting subsidies to the poor

6. Realistic pricing and cost recovery

- Improving billing, collection efficiencies

- IT enablement

- Rationalization of tariff structure

- Targeted subsidies

7. Protection of water bodies including Rain

water harvesting

8. Regulatory measures for ground water use

9. Institutional accountability



123

10.4.2. STRATEGIES FOR SEWERAGE AND SANITATION:

At present there is no sewerage system in the town and is served by septic tanks.

The slum population and the poor lack safe sanitation facilities and are prone to

health related diseases.

The following are the strategies for sewerage and sanitation

Preparation of comprehensive sewerage master plan To prepare a of comprehensive sewerage master plan so as to meet the present gap

and future requirement. Implementation of this plan would ensure enhanced quality

of life to the citizens of the city. Complete topographical survey of the city is to be

carried out. To undertake this task, there is a need for effective coordination among

various departments involved in the development activities and service delivery.

Achieving 100 percent under ground drainage Berhampur city should aim to provide 100 percent UGD in the long run. To achieve

this, a master plan should be first prepared and based on the master plan proposals

and schemes should be formulated for 100 percent coverage. Provision of UGD lines

needs to be mandated for developing new layouts. This will lead to fast expansion of

UGD and passing on part of the capital costs to the beneficiaries who would in any

case have invested in individual septic tank systems.

Design and Implementation of Communication Strategy

For successful implementation of any change management process, effective

communication strategy among key stakeholders is important. The communication

strategy will articulate a range of communication channels including interpersonal

and group communication to mass media and electronic forms. For example, in

areas where there is existing network it needs to be ensured that every household

gets connected to the sewerage network to dispose the sewage and sullage.

Construction of Sewerage Treatment Plant Setting up of decentralized and mini sewerage treatment plants either primary and

secondary or primary, secondary and tertiary along the sewerage line at reasonable

distances should be considered. Such recycled water can be used locally for public



124

gardens and green areas, irrigation, industrial application or it can be let into the

storm water drains or natural water covers

Sanitation The city suffers from high open defecation problem due to lack of proper sanitation

facilities. There is a need to construct public toilets at appropriate places and special

attention to be given to the slum areas.

The existing public toilets are not used properly due to lack of operation and

maintenance and awareness or attitude among the citizen. They prefer to use the

open fields and roadside. There is a need for proper O&M of the toilets and

awareness to the poor by involving NGO’s.

The strategic action plan for Sewerage and Sanitation is given below:

Strategies for sewerage and sanitation: 1.To prepare a comprehensive sewerage master plan

2. Achieving 100 percent under ground drainage

3. Design and Implementation of Communication Strategy 4. Construction of Sewerage Treatment Plant - setting up of

decentralized and mini sewerage treatment plants

5. Open defecation free - need to construct individual and public

toilets in slums.



125

Sewerage and Sanitation Sector- Strategic Action Plan Project name Project components 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Master plan preparation

Preparation of a comprehensive master plan √ √

Public awareness and communication

Designing and implementing strategies and campaigns

√ √ √

Comprehensive sewerage system

100% coverage of sewerage network √ √ √ √ √ √

Sewerage Treatment Plan

Design and construction √ √ √ √

Recycle and reuse of water

Treatment plant and distribution system

√ √ √ √

Making city open defecation free (100% coverage of Sanitation)

Improvement of condition of existing toilets and Construction of new public toilets

√ √ √ √ √ √

10.4.3. STRATEGIES FOR STORM WATER DRAINS:

The city is gifted with natural drainage system. But owing to rapid urbanization and

encroachment of existing drainage and nallahs, overflow of storm water and flooding

takes place during heavy rainfall periods. There is a proposal for implementation of a

comprehensive drainage project for Berhampur town.

The following are the strategies for Storm Water Drains

Preparation of Comprehensive Master Plan There is a need to prepare a comprehensive storm water drains master plan so as to

meet the present gap and future requirement. Implementation of this plan would

ensure enhanced quality of life to the citizens of the city.

Upgradation and renovation of existing drains

The existing drains are in very poor condition and need attention at the earliest.

Proper steps such as desilting, widening, removing encroachments, closing and



126

making pucca are needed. Identification of flood prone areas and designing and

implementing flood mitigation strategies with a focus on the poor

Public awareness to prevent throwing of garbage into the drains A mechanism needs to be formulated to create awareness among the people to

avoid the practice of dumping garbage in the drains.

New construction There is a present gap of 271 kms of drains, which needs to be constructed.

The strategic action plan for Storm Water Drainage is given below:

Strategies for Storm Water Drainage: 1. Preparation of Comprehensive Master Plan

2. Up gradation and renovation of existing drains

3. The existing drains are in very poor condition and need attention

at the earliest. Proper steps such as desilting, widening, removing

encroachments, closing and making pucca are needed.

4. Public awareness to prevent throwing of garbage into the drains

Identification of flood prone areas and designing and implementing

flood mitigation strategies with a focus on the poor

5. New construction

6. There is a present gap of 271 kms of drains which needs to be

constructed



127

Storm Water Drainage Sector- Strategic Action Plan Project name Project components 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14Master plan preparation

Preparation of a comprehensive master plan √ √



√ √ √ √ √ √

De-silting and removal of weeds

In all the drains √ √ √ √

Upgradation and rehabilitation of all primary drains

Construction of side walls, closing/covering, lining etc.

√ √ √ √

Construction of pucca drains

Along all roads where no drainage system or kutcha √ √ √ √ √ √

10.4.4. STRATEGIES FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:

The present scenario of solid waste management in the city is very poor with only

60% collection efficiency. There is heavy vacancy of staff for collection and

transportation of solid waste from municipality. Even the present staff lacks capacity

to handle the waste.

There is no concept of segregation of wastes. A project on “Solid Waste

Management under 12th FC for the city of Berhampur” is already in the process which

is likely to be completed by 2009-10.

The following are the strategies for Solid Waste Management

Segregation at source Highest priority needs to be accorded to segregation and storage at source

irrespective of the area of generation so as to facilitate an organized and

environmentally acceptable waste collection, processing and disposal. Source

segregation of recyclables and bio degradable (organic waste) will not only provides

an efficient way for resource recovery, but will also substantially reduce the pressure

and pollution in landfill sites. The source segregation can be outsourced to the

following groups:

- Resident welfare associations

- Rag Pickers cooperatives



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Door-to-Door Collection (100 %) At present there is no door-to-door collection. There is a need for phased

implementation of door-to-door collection system by mobilizing, facilitating,

organizing and supporting community activities and with the help of NGOs.

Collections and Transportation

To increase the collection and transportation efficiency, mechanization is very

necessary. Other requirements are setting up of transfer stations and Vehicle Depot.

The municipality lacks storage bins, vehicles and equipment and hence this needs to

be acquired immediately.

Treatments and Disposal and Sale of Recyclable/ Processed Waste

Development of scientific disposal facilities according to the Solid waste

management rules. Part of the cost recovery should be from the sale of

recyclable/processed waste. The prospective private partner should establish market

linkages for the sale of recyclable waste viz. plastics, polythene, pet bottles, etc. The

bio degradable waste should be processed either to make compost using viable

technology like vermi composting, windrow composting or waste to energy as may be

feasible.

Development of existing landfill site The existing landfill site should be developed considering the technical requirement.

User Charge Collection Part of the costs incurred toward the investments and expenditure should be

recovered through user fee from all the properties including households and

commercial establishments. The interests of the low-income groups, the poor and the

vulnerable shall be protected while deciding on the user charges.

Human Resource Management Adequate number of conservancy staff should be employed so as to cover all the

households through door-to-door collection on a day-to-day basis. This would be

based on the logistics arrangements as finalized by Berhampur Municipality. It

should be ensured that adequate women’s participation is there.



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Capacity building and training programs to the staff should be undertaken to adopt

safe and healthy practices during handling solid wastes. This should include training

on de-alcoholism, adhering to time schedules, use of equipment, hand gloves, shoe,

etc. for handling wastes and should address needs of both women and men.

Governance Aspects

Identification of a suitable and potential private partner to treat and safely dispose the

waste under Public Private Partnership.

Build capacities of health section of BM over a period of time to implement complete

SWM practices on their own.

Enhance capacities of the private partner and BM to adhere to Solid Waste (Handling

and Management) rules 2000.

Undertake awareness campaigns and capacity building initiatives to elicit the support

of the stakeholders and communities in achieving complete source segregation and

collection of waste

Strengthen the ‘Emergency Response Centre’ to provide accountable, transparent

and responsive solid waste management services.

Development and Implementation of Communication Strategy

Robust communication strategies, capacity building and awareness campaigns are

needed to be designed and implemented to orient all the stakeholders involved in the

process of waste management. All the commercial establishments including hotels

and hospitals and public places like institutions, temples, etc. have the potential to

initiate source segregation immediately. Pilot approaches are needed in few select

residential areas for source segregation to demonstrate methodology, process and

impact. The experiences of the pilot areas could provide valuable inputs in scaling up

the concept of source segregation in a phased manner, resulting in complete source

segregation by 2021 or before.



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The strategic action plan for Solid Waste Management is given below:

Solid Waste Management Sector- Strategic Action Plan Project name Project components 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Improving collection system

Designing and implementing strategy for door-to-door collection, source segregation, collection bins

√ √ √ √ √ √


Designing and implementing strategies and campaigns √ √ √ √ √ √

Secondary Collection & Transportation

Vehicle Tracking System, Vehicle Fleet, Transfer Station

√ √ √ √

Setting up waste processing facility

Vermi-composting

√ √ √ √

Sanitary landfill facility

Construction and land development

√ √ √

Institutional Strengthening and Reforms

Training and Capacity building, Levy of user charges, creation of separate units

√ √ √ √ √ √

Strategies for Solid Waste Management: 1. Human Resource Management

2. Source Segregation - Highest priority needs to

be accorded to segregation and storage at source.

3. Door-to-Door Collection (100 %)

4. Lifting and Transportation – Storage bins,

vehicles and equipment need to be acquired

immediately.

Public Private Partnership could be employed.

5. Treatments and Disposal and Sale of

Recyclable/ Processed Waste

6. Dumping site as land fill facility.

7. User Charge Collection

8. Governance Aspects



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10.4.5. STRATEGIES FOR TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

Berhampur is well connected by roads and rail networks. The main issue of the city is

that the condition of the roads in the city are not good and also the NH 217 passes

through the city causing a lot of traffic problems. There is no parking space identified

in the city and hence the vehicles are parked on the roadside or in the middle of the

road, which in turn reduces the road width.

The following are the strategies for traffic and transportation

Making Berhampur a bicycle friendly city Separate lanes for bicycle and pedestrian need to be provided. Roads or paths,

which are not suitable for motorized traffic, can benefit cyclists by providing more

pleasant and efficient ways on which to travel than the main road network.

Secure parking is argued to be a key factor influencing the decision to cycle. To be

considered secure, the parking must be of a suitable design: allowing the bicycle to

be locked via the frame.

Strategies to Promote Bicycling are: 1. Spread the word: marketing campaigns. Campaigns get people thinking about

bicycling.

2. Provide guides: Bicyclists appreciate being able to share routes. These maps can

also include local attractions, connections to mass transit, as well as locations of

practical amenities such as restrooms.

3. Seek group rides: Bicycle clubs sponsor weekly group rides that are a good way to

increase comfort for less experienced riders and provide a reason to try out cycling.

4. Conduct classes: Sponsor classes on bicycle commuting or bicycle handling skills.

5. For a cause: Large bicycle riding events raise money for charities and provide

motivation and an opportunity for cyclists to meet other cyclists and for novice riders

to try out cycling in a supportive environment.

6. Involve children and families

Junctions Improvements

Junctions are transit points for traffic. If they are designed and managed well there

will be smooth transfer of traffic at the junctions. Otherwise, the junctions themselves



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could cause hindrance to the traffic and become a traffic hazard both to the motorists

and vulnerable road users.

Parking development Parking facilities are better operated privately even when they are publicly owned. At

present, there are no proper parking facilities anywhere in the city. With increasing

vehicular population there is a positive risk that capacity of many urban roads may be

restricted by parked vehicles which will further lead to congestion. Therefore, parking

lots have to be created at all major points of vehicle congregation like markets,

places of entertainment, etc. The aim ought to be to convert main consumer goods

market areas into pedestrian plazas during peak hours by banning entry of vehicles.

Parking on the streets at night by car owners who do not have their own parking

faiclities (garages) needs to be regulated now itself before it becomes an “accepted

practice”. Other wise streets will become parking lots at night. Neighborhood parking

lots need to be mandated for all new layouts as common facilties. Industrial areas

need to be provided with common parking areas.

Developing cheap and efficient public transport system By a regulatory mechanism, terminus facilities - either separately for the private

service or jointly for the government and private service need to be provided. A new

bus stand to be proposed in the periphery of the city to serve the intra municipality

bus fleet for growth of commerce, etc.

Making a bypass for the NH 217 in the periphery of the city to avoid the congestion.

A sum of 23 crores has been sanctioned for development of the NH217.

Upgrading Existing Roads Road widening so as to reduce congestion

Flyovers construction The East Coast Railway passes through the city. There is a requirement of 4 railways

over bridges.



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Regulating the movement of cattle

The presence of cattle on the roads affects the traffic movement by reducing the

traffic flow drastically. Land to be demarcated about 10 kms away from the city with

infrastructure services provision for rehabilitating the cattle

Proper street lighting

At present there is a gap of 10642 streetlights

Proper space kept on road side to incorporate tree plantation

Strategies for Traffic and Transportation: 1. Making a bypass for the NH 217 in the periphery of the city to

avoid the congestion.

2. Develop Road Infrastructure

- Upgrading Existing Roads

- Road Widening – so as to reduce congestion

- Junctions Improvements: Junctions are transit points for traffic.

- Parking development: At present, there are no proper parking

facilities anywhere in the city.

- Special tracks for bicycles and pedestrians which will cater to the

women as they use the walkways more regularly

3. Road signs with graphic

4. Developing cheap and efficient public transport system

5. Regulating the movement of cattle

6. Proper street lighting.

7. Bicycle friendly city



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The strategic action plan for traffic and transportation is given below: Traffic and Transportation Sector- Strategic Action Plan Project name Project components 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14Master plan Preparation of comprehensive

master plan √ √ √

Development of the NH217

To construct a bypass √ √ √ √ √ √

Construction/upgradation of roads

100% coverage of pucca roads √ √ √ √ √

Signals and junction improvements

Designing and implementing strategies

√ √ √

Construction of flyovers

At identified places √ √ √ √

Street lights As per standards 100% coverage √ √ √ √ √ √

Public transport Construction of bus bays, vehicle fleet etc. √ √ √ √ √

Bicycle friendly approaches

Dedicated lines, parking etc. √ √ √ √ √ √

Parking spaces Terminals/complexes √ √ √ √ √ √

Pedestrian safety

Crossing facilities, foot paths √ √ √ √ √ √


Training and Capacity building √ √ √ √ √ √

10.4.6. STRATEGIES FOR SLUM IMPROVEMENT

There are 109 slums pockets in the city having 22191 slum households with a

population of 91018. The total slum population is 29.57% of the total city population.

The literacy rate is about 67%, which is far lower than the city literacy rate. The slums

have very low access to basic infrastructure services. A detailed report for the

Integrated Housing for Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) for the city of

Berhampur has been submitted. Berhampur being a commercial city attracts a lot of

population from the nearby rural areas. There is a requirement of land development

in the periphery so that the growth of population can be controlled in the city.



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The following are the strategies for slums improvement Comprehensive survey and slum upgrading strategy

A complete survey of all slums settlements should be undertaken and the

infrastructure deficiency should be identified. Slums should be ranked based on the

deficiency and prioritized for investments. All the slums should be taken up for

upgrading in a phased manner.

Strengthening community based institutions to strengthen community participation. - Formation of women's self help groups (SHGs) with the help of NGOs, and build

their capacity through training and awareness generation. Provide adequate financial

assistance for the same.

- Strengthen the capacity of support agencies, e.g., municipal administration, banks

and line departments to provide them better service

- Build capacities of community development society (CDS) and town-level elected

representatives to improve their ability to deliver services to the poor.

Build NGO capacity to work as intermediaries and change agents.

Increase access to institutional funds for housing by a combination of the

following measures

- Better targeting of groups and individuals who could establish their creditworthiness

through participation in savings and credit groups

- Utilizing subsidies as security against loans

- Institutional interventions through Berhampur Municipality and other government

departments which agree to take up housing development on their own land.

Establish Support Mechanisms for Enterprise Development - Assist SHGs to access group loans from lending institutions for investments in

income generating activities.

- Provide technical assistance for innovative pilots for small and medium scale

enterprises (operating at and between the municipality and the block levels) to

improve local productivity and generate wage employment.

- Enable SHGs, common interest groups and CDS to undertake initiatives, which

would assist in increasing the value added from the goods produced by their

members, and develop new enterprises and joint ventures.



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- Community groups and federations need to be encouraged to partner with the

private sector and organizations working on commercial activities at a scale, which

can enhance incomes significantly.

The strategic action plan for slum development and poverty reduction is given below:

Slum Development and Poverty Reduction Sector- Strategic Action Plan Project name Project components 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14Slum and Poverty data base

Comprehensive survey and data base including computerization, mapping etc.

√ √ √

Basic services Water supply, sewerage, sanitation, roads, etc. √ √ √ √ √ √

Housing Pucca housing both insitu and relocation √ √ √ √ √ √

Community development

Developing community structures, participation, awareness

√ √ √ √ √ √

Livelihood strategy

Training and income generating activities, including microcredit

√ √ √ √


Health education, town halls etc. √ √ √ √ √ √

10.4.7. STRATEGIES FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENT:

Purification of water bodies Around 45 water bodies are being covered by the project under UIDSSMT at a

sanctioned cost of Rs 15 crores. Need to extend the same to another 45 water

Strategies for slum improvement: 1. Devolving poverty alleviation function fully to the ULB -Compliance

with 74th CAA.

2. Policy on land tenure

3. Comprehensive survey and slum upgrading strategy – survey of

slums, prioritization,

4. Strengthening community based institutions to strengthen

community participation.

5. Ensure participation of the slum dwellers in any development work

6. Increase access to institutional funds for housing

7. Establish Support Mechanisms for Enterprise Development



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bodies. The water bodies should be preserved and protected. The water bodies can

be developed as recreational areas.

Rainwater harvesting and maintenance of individual premises hygienic and

pollution free should be encouraged and strictly followed. Rainwater harvesting

should be mandatory for building permission.

Active peoples’ participation of both men and women separately, should be made

compulsory in the decision-making and in all developmental activities.

Sewage treatment plant should be set up and the city should be made 100% UGD.

Treated wastewater may be utilized for urban foresting.

Effective strategies for processing of solid wastes such as composting,

production of pellets, power etc should be implemented. Emphasis should be given

to marketing of the products so as to generate revenue.

Sewerage and industrial waste can be treated and sold to agricultural farmers and

industrial units.

Attention should be paid to treatment of electronic waste that may be generated

due to growth of software companies in the future.

Use of plastics bags should be banned and recycling and reuse of plastics should

be promoted through public awareness campaigns particularly targeting the school

children.

Scientific management of bio-medical waste should be promoted to meet the

requirements

Tree plantation on the roadside. About 78% of the plantation of the area is

destroyed during the 1999 cyclone. Hence there is a need for a lot of plantation.

Environmental planning should be part and parcel of city planning. Green belt

areas should be incorporated between the industrial and surrounding zones. This will



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limit residential and other areas expanding closer to the industries. There is growth in

the number of apartments in the city. Before the construction of the apartments,

consultation with the municipality should be made mandatory. The apartments should

be located in the periphery of the city so as to decongest and also proper services

can be planned accordingly.

The strategic action plan for urban environment is given below:

Environment Sector- Strategic Action Plan Project name Project components 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14Preservation of water bodies -I

Cleaning and removing weeds √ √ √ √ √

Preservation of water bodies -II

Cleaning and removing weeds √



Urban Forestry including renovation of parks and tree plantation on the road side

In all parks and all road sides

√ √ √ √ √ √

Improvement of tourism spots

Identification, restoration, improving the services in the tourist spots

√ √ √ √

Improvement of tourism infrastructure

Improvement of Connectivity, hotels, restaurants, etc.

√ √ √ √

10.4.8. STRATEGIES FOR LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Being the regional hub of Southern Orissa and with good educational institutions and

human resources the city has the potential to achieve high economic growth. The

economy of Berhampur needs to be revitalized through appropriate policy,

incentives, infrastructure and land use planning.

The following are the strategies for promoting economic growth



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Setting up of large scale economic units Since Government of Orissa in its Industrial Policy has decided to develop the

corridor from Rayagada to Gopalpur as an industrial area, there will be wide scope

for industrialization. The city has a number of small-scale industrial. There is a need

to set up a large-scale economic unit such as an automobile company or IT player to

support these units and promote demand.

Promoting Cluster Based Activities The key economic activities that have potential for growth in Berhampur are agro-

based trade; small-scale industry, education, health, and IT related service industry.

A cluster-based approach should be adopted by allocating land and infrastructure at

appropriate places. Right kind of incentives and support should be provided.

Some actions that needs to be taken are as follows:

Operate credit activities through NGOs

Identify types of raw materials locally available

Identify and ensure market facility and linkages so that poor can sell their products in

cash

Impart skill training

Among others, home made foods products could be promising option for women.

Provision of Infrastructure- There is an urgent need to provide world-class

infrastructure such as power, transportation, water supply and sanitation to enhance

the competitiveness of the city in attracting companies. The air connection to the city

is only by airport located in Bhubaneswar which is 175 kms away from the city. The

already existing airstrip can be developed, as the city is likely to grow at a very fast

rate in the near future. Also the railway station can be developed as a terminus

station.

Favorable Policy and Incentives- The industrial and economic policy should be

favorable and needs to be simplified in terms of procedures and time taken for

granting approvals and clearances. There is a need to set up single window cell to

clear the applications at one point



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Promoting Planned Development through Proper Land Use Planning:

Development of satellite towns in the neighbors for future development for attracting

national and international investors.

10.4.9. STRATEGIES FOR MUNICIPAL FINANCE IMPROVEMENT

1. Transition from single entry cash based accounting system to double entry accrual

based accounting system should be made at the earliest.

2. Capacity building measures should be undertaken for ULB staff for conversion to

double entry accounting system and maintenance thereof.

3. Computerization of all municipal operation like Accounting process, property tax

collection, MIS, grievances redressal system for citizens should be implemented.

4. Fixed Asset register should be prepared by identifying all the assets and correct

cost identification and valuation thereof. Fixed asset register should be maintained at

historical cost basis as suggested by National municipal Accounting Manual (NMAM).

5. Opening Balance Sheet should be prepared.

6. Capital work in progress should be identified properly as on the Opening Balance

Sheet date.

7. Reconciliation of all bank accounts, investments and fixed deposits should be

undertaken.

8. All liabilities of the Municipality should be identified as on the Opening Balance

Sheet date.

9. Proper accounting software should be identified for computerization of accounting

function.

10. Financial Management manual should be prepared for the Municipality.



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11. Financial management tools like cash management, inventory management,

receivable management, expenditure management should be implemented for

smooth operation.

12. Cash flow estimation or budget should be prepared on a regular basis for

optimum utilization of cash.

13. Ageing analysis of receivables should be made and efforts should be made to

collect huge arrears of holding tax.

14. Depreciation fund for the municipality should be created for replacement of

assets.

Business Process reengineering should be undertaken.

15. Rational budget on accrual basis should be prepared. If accrual based double

entry accounting system is implemented then cash based incremental based budget

also needs change. For the first year after conversion of accounting system to double

entry system, zero base budgeting may be considered. This will make the budget

process more rational and will help to compare budget and actual performance.

16. Programme and performance budgeting (PPB) may be implemented through

following steps:

by identifying and grouping service activities into programs;

preparation of program goals;

preparation of objectives;

17. Determination of performance indicators to measure the achievement of

objectives through activity indicators, performance indicators, efficiency indicators

and effectiveness indicators.

18. Preparation of budget for each programme.

19. Reconciliation of receivables, payables, advances, bank accounts should be

carried out at regular intervals.



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20. Financial statements of the Municipality should be prepared at the year end and

audit of such statements should be carried out by external agency.

21. Costing of Municipal services should be carried out. Berhampur Municipality

should target towards Full Cost accounting.

22. Proper Management Information System should be implemented in the ULB for

planning, monitoring and performance evaluation.

23. Appropriate Internal Control System should be implemented in the ULB.

24. Lack of trained manpower is a major problem so a training need assessment

should be carried out to identify the gap and necessary training may be imparted for

better capacity building because introduction of double entry system of book-keeping

will require trained staff for smooth operation.

25. Professionals accountants may be recruited on contractual basis in the initial

years of operation and for capacity building of fellow accountants

10.4.10. STRATEGIES FOR SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Bringing in quality for education in the municipal schools and transforming the

school buildings from dilapidated condition to well-equipped state with proper

investment.

Provision of more marketing facilities and improvement of the existing market

areas. There should be separate space for women in markets.

Kalyan Mandaps to be developed and provided wherever it is necessary.

Patients from about ten districts depend on the MKCG Medical College Hospital.

Health facilities to be improved and programmes to be carried out with people’s

participation.



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Education facilities to be strengthened by providing necessary infrastructure. Already there is construction of 60-70 schools are in the process and 8th class is also

included. This project is under the ‘Sarvashiksha Abhyaganam’

Cultural and recreational facilities like community center, sports complex, etc.

The strategic action plan for social development is given below: Social Development Sector- Strategic Action Plan Project name Project components 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14Improvement of health facilities

Upgradation of existing health facilities and construction of new in uncovered areas

√ √ √ √ √ √

Improvement of education facilities

Upgradation of existing schools and colleges and construction of new in uncovered areas

√ √ √ √ √ √

Community infrastructure development

Upgradation of existing Kalyan Mandaps and construction of new in uncovered areas

√ √ √ √ √ √



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11. CITY INVESTMENT PLAN AND FOP

The city investment plan has covered the key infrastructure areas of water supply,

sewerage and sanitation, storm water drains, solid waste management, traffic and

transportation, disaster mitigation mechanisms and slum development and urban

poverty reduction. Practical and strategic gender needs are addressed in the project.

The lack of basic infrastructure services especially water and sanitation have a more

negative impact on women. Better access to and coverage of water supply and

sanitation, improved markets, roads and environmental sanitation will benefit women

, who are especially disadvantaged by inadequate basic services. The project

envisages the integration of gender concerns in all sectors, the development and

implementation of gender action plans and separate funds for women development

programmes as articulated in the City Development Plan. The participation of women

will be ensured at all levels.

11.1. CITY INVESTMENT PLAN

Sector Amount (Rs Crores) % to Total Water Supply 241 31.79

Sewerage and Sanitation 165.5 21.83 Storm Water Drains 73.5 9.70

Solid Waste Management 46 6.07 Traffic and Transportation 104 13.72 Slum Development and Urban Poverty Reduction 78 10.29 Disaster management 8 1.06 Gender development 2 0.26

Environment 20 2.64

Social Develeopment 20 2.64

Total City Investment Plan 758 100

11.2. FINANCING ARRANGEMENT FOR BERHAMPUR

It is expected that the JBIC would contribute around Rs 240 crores while the

remaining 518 crores could come from UIDSSMT scheme.



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Agency Infrastructure (Rs cr)

JBIC and other sources 240

UIDSSMT 518 ULB/parastatal / Pvt (10 percent of Rs 518 crores) State (10 percent of Rs 518 crores)

104

GoI (80 percent of Rs 518 crores)

414

Total 758

11.3. IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM FOR CDP

The ULB with support from SUDA should set up a CDP monitoring committee

comprising of 1-15 members from elected representatives, officials from key

departments and civil society members. The Committee should be headed by the

Chairperson.

The city should establish a CDP cell comprising of 3 or 4 senior officials from the

ULB to act as the Secretariat for the CDP monitoring committee.

The city with support from Housing and Urban Development Department should set

up a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to implement CDP as well as reforms under

the UIDSSMT.

The city should organize a donor consultation to disseminate the CDP and mobilize

resources.



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11.4. IDENTIFIED PROJECTS IN EACH SECTORS AND ROLES OF RESPONSIBILITIES OF

INSTITUTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECTS PROPOSED:

Water Supply Project name Project components Amount

(Rs Crores)

Institutions responsible

Remarks

Water sector reforms Simplification of procedures, communication strategy, grievance redressal system, 100% metering, Policy on services to poor, O&M cost recovery, etc.

6 PHEO Newly proposed under CDP

Master plan preparation Preparation of a comprehensive master plan

1.5 PHEO/OWSSB Newly proposed under CDP

NRW reduction Study (leak Detection) and measures, equipment

2.5 PHEO Newly proposed under CDP

Energy audit Study and measures 1 PHEO Newly proposed under CDP

Short term improvement plan For distribution and treatment

12 PHEO Submitted under UIDSSMT

Long term improvement plan For source upgradation 215 PHEO Proposal submitted to JBIC

Institutional Strengthening Training and Capacity building

1 PHEO Newly proposed under CDP,

RWH Implementation of Rain Water harvesting

2 PHEO Newly proposed under CDP

Total 241

Sewerage and Sanitation Project name Project components Amount

(Rs Crores)


Remarks


1.5 PHEO & OWSSB Newly proposed under CDP



2 OWSSB Newly proposed under CDP


100% coverage of sewerage network

100 OWSSB Submitted under UIDSSMT

Sewerage Treatment Plan Design and construction 12 OWSSB Submitted under UIDSSMT

Recycle and reuse of water Treatment plant and distribution system




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Total 165.5

Storm Water Drainage Project name Project components Amount

(Rs Crores)


Remarks


1.5 Water Resources Department and Works Department

Newly proposed under CDP



2 Water Resources Department and Works Department



In all the drains 10 Water Resources Department and Works Department and BM





Submitted under UIDSSMT

Construction of pucca drains Along all roads where no drainage system or kutcha



Total 73.5

Solid Waste Management

Project name Project components Amount (Rs Crores)


Remarks

Improving collection system Designing and implementing strategy for door-to-door collection, source segregation, collection bins

8 BM Proposed under 12th

Finance Commission,




Finance Commission




Finance Commission


Vermi-composting 5 BM Proposed under 12th

Finance Commission



148

Sanitary landfill facility Construction and land development


Finance Commission



1 BM Newly proposed under CDP

Total 46

Traffic and Transportation



Remarks

Master plan Preparation of comprehensive master plan

2 Works Department (R&B Division)


Development of the NH217 To construct a bypass 23 Works Department (R&B Division)

Submitted under UIDSSMT


100% coverage of pucca roads

20 Works Department (R&B Division) &BM





Construction of flyovers At identified places 10 Works Department (R&B Division)


Street lights As per standards 100% coverage


Public transport Construction of bus bays, vehicle fleet etc.


Bicycle friendly approaches Dedicated lines, parking etc.


Parking spaces Terminals/complexes 2 BM Newly proposed under CDP

Pedestrian safety Crossing facilities, foot paths


Institutional Strengthening Training and Capacity building


Total 104



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Slum Development and Poverty Reduction



Remarks

Slum and Poverty data base Comprehensive survey and data base including computerization, mapping etc.


Basic services Water supply, sewerage, sanitation, roads, etc.


Housing Pucca housing both insitu and relocation


Community development Developing community structures, participation, awareness


Livelihood strategy Training and income generating activities, including microcredit


Social infrastructure Health education, town halls etc.


Total 78

Disaster Management Project name Project components Amount (Rs

Crores) Institutions responsible

Remarks

Disaster preparedness Equipment and machinery


Relief and rehabilitation Control rooms, shelters, consumables etc..


Training and capacity building Officials, NGOs, CBOs 1 BM Newly proposed under CDP

Total 8

Gender Development Project name Project components Amount (Rs


Remarks

Developing tools and guidelines

Gender planning and budgeting



Total 2



150

Environment Project name Project components Amount (Rs


Remarks

Preservation of water bodies -I Cleaning and removing weeds

8 BM Submitted under UIDSSMT

Preservation of water bodies -II Cleaning and removing weeds




In all parks and all road sides


Improvement of tourism spots Identification, restoraration, improving the services in the tourist spots





Total 20 Social Development Project name Project components Amount (Rs


Remarks

Improvement of health facilities Upgradation of existing health facilities and construction of new in uncovered areas








Total 20

Projects having potential of PPPs The following projects have the potential for PPPs

1 NRW reduction

2 Recycle and reuse of waste water Community toilets

3 Improving collection system for Solid Waste Secondary Collection & Transportation for Solid Waste Setting up waste processing facility Sanitary landfill facility

4 Signals and junction improvements



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Construction of flyovers O&M of Street lights Public transport – construction of bus bays, etc. Bicycle friendly approaches Parking spaces

5 Relief and rehabilitation

6 Parks and playgrounds development Improvement of tourism spots Improvement of tourism infrastructure

7 Improvement of health facilities Improvement of education facilities Community infrastructure development



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11.5. YEAR WISE INVESTMENT PLAN

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Amount (Rs Crores)

Total year wise investment 108.05 143.8 157.95 144.9 102.5 87.3 758

Water Supply Project name Project components 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Amount

(Rs Crores)

Water sector reforms Simplification of procedures, communication strategy, grievance redressal system, 100% metering, Policy on services to poor, O&M cost recovery, etc.

3 3 6

Master plan preparation Preparation of a comprehensive master plan 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5

NRW reduction Study (leak Detaction) and measures, equipment

0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 2.5

Energy audit Study and measures 0.5 0.25 0.25 1

Short term improvement plan

For distribution and treatment 4 4 4 12

Long term improvement plan

For source upgradation 35 35 40 35 35 35 215


Training and Capacity building 0.5 0.25 0.25 1

RWH Implementation of Rain Water harvesting

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2

44.4 43.9 45.9 36 35.4 35.4 241

Sewerage and Sanitation Project name Project components

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14Amount (Rs Crores)


0.75 0.75 1.5



1 0.5 0.5 2



153


100% coverage of sewerage network 15 17 18 20 15 15 100

Sewerage Treatment Plan Design and construction 3 3 3 3 12

Recycle and reuse of water

Treatment plant and distribution system 3 3 2 2 10



5 5 10 10 5 5 40

21.75 26.25 34.5 36 25 22 165.5 Storm Water Drainage

Project name Project components 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Amount (Rs Crores)


0.75 0.75 1.5



0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 2


In all the drains 2 3 3 2 10



15 10 10 5 40

Construction of pucca drains

Along all roads where no drainage system or kutcha 2 5 5 3 3 2 20

5.25 24.25 18.25 15.25 8.25 2.25 73.5 ` Solid Waste Management


Amount (Rs Crores)

Improving collection system

Designing and implementing strategy for door-to-door collection, source segregation, collection bins

2 2 1 1 1 1 8



154


Designing and implementing strategies and campaigns 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25 2



2 3 3 2 10


Vermi-composting

1 2 1 1 5

Sanitary landfill facility Construction and land development 5 10 5 20



0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1

4.35 6.35 11.7 14.7 7.45 1.45 46

Traffic and Transportation


Amount (Rs Crores)

Master plan Preparation of comprehensive master plan

1 0.5 0.5 2

Development of the NH217

To construct a bypass 5 5 5 2.5 2.5 3 23


100% coverage of pucca roads 5 5 5 2.5 2.5 20



5 2.5 2.5 10

Construction of flyovers At identified places

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 10

Street lights As per standards 100% coverage 2 2 2 2 1 1 10

Public transport Construction of bus bays, vehicle fleet etc.

2.5 5 5 5 2.5 20



155

Bicycle friendly approaches

Dedicated lines, parking etc. 1 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 5

Parking spaces Terminals/complexes0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 2

Pedestrian safety Crossing facilities, foot paths 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 1


Training and Capacity building 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 1

17.2 26.7 24.4 18.9 11.9 4.9 104

Slum Development & Poverty Reduction


Amount (Rs Crores)

Slum and Poverty data base

Comprehensive survey and data base including computerization, mapping etc.

0.25 0.5 0.25 1

Basic services Water supply, sewerage, sanitation, roads, etc.

3 3 4 4 3 3 20

Housing Pucca housing both insitu and relocation

6 6 8 8 6 6 40

Community development Developing community structures, participation, awareness

0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25 2

Livelihood strategy Training and income generating activities, including microcredit 1 2 1 1 5

Social infrastructure Health education, town halls etc.

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 10

9.7 9.95 13.95 14.7 10.35 10.35 78



156

Disaster Management Project name Project components

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14Amount (Rs Crores)

Disaster preparedness Equipment and machinery 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2

Relief and rehabilitation Control rooms, shelters, consumables etc..

0.1 0.2 0.2 5


Officials, NGOs, CBOs 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1

0.75 0.75 0.85 0.95 0.2 0 8

Gender Development Project name Project components

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14Amount (Rs Crores)

Developing tools and guidelines

Gender planning and budgeting 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 1



0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.1 0.1 2

Environment Project name Project components

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14Amount (Rs Crores)

Preservation of water bodies -I

Cleaning and removing weeds 1 2 2 2 1 8

Preservation of water bodies -II

Cleaning and removing weeds 8 8




In all parks and all road sides 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 1

Improvement of tourism spots

Identification, restoration, improving the services in the tourist spots

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1



157



0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1

1.7 2.7 2.95 2.95 1.35 8.35 20 Social Development Project name Project components

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14Amount (Rs Crores)

Improvement of health facilities

Upgradation of existing health facilities and construction of new in uncovered areas

1 1 2 2 1 1 8



1 1 2 2 1 1 8



0.5 0.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 4

2.5 2.5 5 5 2.5 2.5 20

11.6. FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN:

The objective of this section is to evaluate the investment sustenance capacity of

Berhampur Municipality with reference to the identified projects given in CIP. The

FOP generated under is in full consonance with City's Vision & approach to

development and priorities and action plans approved by the stakeholders.

BASE AND BASIS: The FOP has been prepared to assess the investment sustaining

capacity of the Berhampur Municipality, in which the fiscal situation is simulated

through a Financial Operating Plan (FOP). The FOP is essentially a multi-year

forecast of finances for a term of 6 years. It is used to forecast all income and

expenditure for the period between FY 2008-09 and FY 2013-14. The following

paragraphs provide important considerations towards simulating the fiscal situation of

the Berhampur Municipality:



158

Following are important considerations towards simulating the fiscal situation of the

Berhampur Municipality, and include both existing and new resources.

KEY ASSUMPTIONS: In forecasting the income and expenditure following are the

key assumptions for the Berhampur Municipality:

Table 50: Basic Assumptions of Berhampur Municipality

SL. No Particulars

Basic/ Current Average

A INCOME 1 Municipal Rates and Taxes 16% 2 License and other fees 5% 3 Receipt under special Act 5% 4 Revenue derived from municipal property and power apart from taxation 8% 5 Grants and contribution for general and special purposes 12% 6 Miscellaneous 30% 7 Extraordinary and debt 24% B EXPENDITURE 1 General administration and collection charges 6% 2 Collection of taxes and fees 2% 3 Public safety 3% 4 Public health 14% 5 Medical 10% 6 Public convenience 15% 7 Public instruction 10% 8 Miscellaneous 10% 9 Extraordinary and debt 14% C Capital Structuring

1 Capital Grant/GOI

As per UIDSSMT Guidelines



159

Rs. In Lakh Table 51: Financial Operating Plan

Particulars 2008-09 2009-10 2010-2011 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Opening Balance 845

1,451

2,230

3,231 4,517 6,167

INCOME

1. Municipal Rates and Taxes 180

208

242

280 325 377

2. License and other fees 14

15

16

16 17 18

3. Receipt under special Act 0

0

0

0 0 0

4. Revenue derived from municipal property and power apart from taxation

64

69

75

81 87 94

5. Grants and contribution for general and special purposes

1,922

2,175

2,433

2,693 2,956 3,284

6. Miscellaneous 117

153

198

258 335 436

7. Extraordinary and debt 886

1,098

1,362

1,689 2,094 2,596

Total Income 3,183

3,718

4,325

5,017 5,815 6,805

4,028

5,170

6,556

8,248 10,332 12,973

EXPENDITURE 1. General administration and collection charges

98

106

114

119 120 125

2. Collection of taxes and fees

59

60

62

63 64 65

3. Public safety 114

118

121

125 129 133

4. Public health 562

640

730

832 949 1,081

5. Medical 22

25

27

30 33 36

6. Public convenience 963

1,127

1,289

1,445 1,598 1,807

7. Public instruction 19

21

23

26 28 31

8. Miscellaneous 18

19

21

24 26 28

9. Extraordinary and debt 722

823

938

1,069 1,219 1,389

Total Expenditure 2,577

2,939

3,325

3,732 4,164 4,696

Closing Balance 1,451

2,230

3,231

4,517 6,167 8,277



1

ANNEXURES: Annexure 1: List of water bodies selected for development.

Sl.No. WARD No. NAME OF THE PUBLICWATER BODIES

Sl.No. WARD No. NAME OF THE PUBLIC WATERBODIES

1) 1 Haradakhandi Tank 22) 19 Mohanty Tank-Goods Shed Road

2) 1 Mandia Tank 23) 19 Deula Tank

3) 1 Das Tank 24) 19 Trimurty Tank

4) 2 Dhoba Tank 25) 19 Agula Tank

5) 4 Taluka Tank 26) 22 Kamapalli Tank

6) 5 Dayamohanty Tank 27) 23 Tank near Municipality Colony

7) 6 Jagabandhu Tank 28) 24 Goilundi Tank

8) 7 Ainabandha Tank 29) 24 Hota Tank

9) 8 Salia Tank 30) 25 Deula Tank, Lanjipalli

10) 9 Nilakantheswar Tank 31) 25 Nua Tank-Lanjipalli

11) 9 Gudi Tank 32) 25 Deo Tank

12) 10 Ramalingam Tank 33) 25 Ganesha Tank near Jail TrainingSchool

13) 10 Sriramnagar Nala Tank 34) 26 Singi Tank

14) 14 Babajee Tota Tank 35) 26 Dhoba Tank near Panda Colony

15) 15 Golapalli Tank 36) 26 Raut Tank

16) 16 Gudia Tank 37) 26 Nua Tank, Ambapua

17) 17 Bijipur Tank 38) 26 Redika Tank

18) 17 Sunari Tank 39) 27 Bada Tank, Ankuli

19) 18 Nua Tank 40) 27 Boitalu Tank

20) 19 Uttareswar Nua Tank 41) 27 Bari Tank

21) 19 Salia Tank 42) 27 Bhairavi Tank



2

Annexure 2: List of slums selected for development. Sl. No.

RevenueWard No.

Name of the Slum Selected forDevelopment

Total poplnas per 2001census

S.C S.T OBC/ SEBC

GEN MALE FEMA

LE

1 1 Bauri Sukunda and Enadrigaon 688 534 69 - 85 370 318

2 1 G. Raghunathpur 482 - - 482 - 231 251

3 1 Hardakhandi(Bauri st.,Dhobast.,Dandasi sahi,Hadi sahi, Keutasahi & Bada st.

1750 1500 - 150 100 870 880

4 1 Jagabandhu huda-Dandasi StreetSharamik Nagar, Tota st,Redeekstreet, LN street & santi Nagar

1040 540 7 250 243 517 523

5 2 Gurumurty Peta & Dhobabandhahuda

498 50 - 101 347 152 196

6 2 Kalua Street 270 50 - 75 145 156 114

7 3 Ganapati Nagar 7th Lane 225 4 - 91 130 112 113

8 4 Sankarpur Bauri Street 502 502 - - - 251 251

9 4 Jagili Street 270 251 - 19 - 130 140

10 5 Gobardhana Peta 750 59 - 175 516 370 380

11 6 Jagabandhu Street, Madari st,Redika st & Gajnanapeta &Ganesh Nagar

1470 335 0 450 685 730 740

12 6 Prahalad Nagar & Krishnama peta 325 12 - 189 124 155 170

13 7 Old Behampur Bauri Street 528 528 - - - 278 250

14 7 Pandav Nagar 498 498 - - - 248 250

15 7 Sita Dhimira Street 360 345 - 15 - 165 195

16 8 Dhoba Street , Keuta Street,MarthaSt, Nilanchala Nagar

513 215 - 298 - 250 263

17 9 Hanuman Nagar & Mathura NagarCanal Huda

310 15 - 210 85 151 159

18 10 Thakurani Temple Hadi Street &Nrusingha Temple Street

1225 527 - 215 483 599 626

19 11 Old Mediri Street, Gaigotha Street 590 115 - 211 264 270 320

20 11 Panchudevalaya Canal Street ,Panchudevalaya Sahi & S Pandacolony

620 118 - 15 487 320 300

21 12 Gopal Rao Goruda & PakalvariStreet

599 10 - 227 362 301 298

22 14 Khalasi Street 1650 725 15 521 389 835 815

23 14 Bhandari Street & Dhoba Street 618 302 - 250 66 311 307



3

24 14 Patrapeta & Mochi Street 1008 358 - 415 235 510 498

25 15 Radhakrishna Street & Dalua street 210 18 - 85 107 111 99

26 16 Harijana Street & NeelakanthaNagar

368 226 - 45 97 188 180

27 17 Rampa Street Mukteswar billo sahi,Santi Nagar & Dasairi Sahi

605 70 4 470 61 318 287

28 17 Keuta Street, New Laxmi Nagar &Bada Harijana Street

1012 719 - 215 78 510 502

29 18 Totapally Bauri Street 385 385 - - - 194 190

30 18 Golapalli Street & Surjya Nagar 810 27 - 535 248 415 395

31 19 Invalidpeta 245 245 - - - 135 110

32 20 Burma Colony, Nehru Nagar 320 70 5 10 235 170 150

33 21 Bijipur Bada Bauri Street 480 480 - - - 245 235

34 21 Bijipur Sana Bauri Street & LaxmiStreet

1166 286 4 412 464 558 608

35 22 Beda Bendha Street, Deepa Streetand Uterswara Nagar

1229 38 - 591 600 608 621

36 23 Gosaninuagaon Dhoba Street &Medri Street

680 282 - 218 180 333 347

37 23 Raju Dhoba Street 699 699 - - - 339 360

38 23 Main Road Dhoba Street & ChandiStreet

505 206 - 145 154 255 250

39 24 Kamapally Dandasi Street 200 200 - - - 98 102

40 24 Gajapati Nagar, 5th & 7th Lane 487 24 - 299 164 236 251

41 25 Lanjipalli Bauri Street 359 359 - - - 171 188

42 25 Lanjipalli Main Road 680 9 - 390 281 331 349

43 25 Chachada Pathar, Somanthpur &Trinath Mandir

1846 265 - 985 596 927 919

44 25 Gouda Bandha Street & DeepaStreet & Rama Nagar

1587 787 8 445 347 799 788

45 26 Khodasinghi Road Bauri Street & &Dhoba Street

844 844 - - - 423 421

46 26 Ambapua Bauri Street & DhobaStreet

1032 422 - 459 151 515 517

47 27 Jaleswar Khandi Street 607 607 - - - 279 328

48 27 Malli Street & Nua Street 561 49 - 450 62 296 265

49 27 Ankuli Bauri Street, Bira MurtiStreet, Industrial area &Pankalapalli

2244 237 - 1557 450 1119 1125

TOTAL 35950 15147 112 11670 9021 17855 17944



4

Annexure 3: Infrastructure facilities in the selected slums. Sl. No.

RevenueWard No.


No. ofBPL /Annapurna /Antodaya Card Holdres

No. of Personshaving ownland measuring about 300 Sqft.

Living status ofthe landowner as perrecord

Legalheir, if any, ofthe land owner whohas expired

Present dwelling condition ofthe person /legal heirhaving housing land

No. of BPL /Annapurna /Antodaya Card Holdres

1 1 Bauri Sukunda and Enadrigaon 121 118 50 5

Kutcha House &Pucca House

121

2 1 G. Raghunathpur 86 100 45 -


86


270 311 112 13 Kutcha house 270


151 175 45 12 Kutcha house 151


80 91 35 17 Kutcha House &Pucca House

80

6 2 Kalua Street 45 50 27 12


45

7 3 Ganapati Nagar 7th Lane 25 40 18 - Kutcha house 25

8 4 Sankarpur Bauri Street 95 95 25 12 Kutcha house 95

9 4 Jagili Street 30 45 10 7 Kutcha house 30

10 5 Gobardhana Peta 135 105 81 13


135



200

12 6 Prahalad Nagar & Krishnama peta 35 55 12 18 Kutcha house 35

13 7 Old Behampur Bauri Street 85 87 18 22


85

14 7 Pandav Nagar 91 91 5 27 Kutcha house 91

15 7 Sita Dhimira Street 55 50 15 21 Kutcha house 55

16 8 Dhoba Street , KeutaStreet,Martha St, NilanchalaNagar

75 75 22 15 Kutcha house 75



18 10 Thakurani Temple Hadi Street &195 150 23 93 Kutcha House &195



5

Nrusingha Temple Street Pucca House

19 11 Old Mediri Street, Gaigotha Street 99 101 35 25 Kutcha house 99





50

22 14 Khalasi Street 162 47 22 67 Kutcha house 162

23 14 Bhandari Street & Dhoba Street 95 121 28 47


95

24 14 Patrapeta & Mochi Street 50 221 35 78


50

25 15 Radhakrishna Street & Daluastreet




27 17 Rampa Street Mukteswar billosahi, Santi Nagar & Dasairi Sahi


35



75

29 18 Totapally Bauri Street 73 75 12 20 Kutcha house 73

30 18 Golapalli Street & Surjya Nagar 85 115 85 22


85

31 19 Invalidpeta 35 40 15 22 Kutcha house 35

32 20 Burma Colony, Nehru Nagar 80 52 30 18 Kutcha house 80

33 21 Bijipur Bada Bauri Street 91 91 15 18 Kutcha house 91


150 145 27 110 Kutcha house 150

35 22 Beda Bendha Street, DeepaStreet and Uterswara Nagar


152



100

37 23 Raju Dhoba Street 103 100 51 22 Kutcha house 103

38 23 Main Road Dhoba Street &Chandi Street


39 24 Kamapally Dandasi Street 40 35 18 12 Kutcha house 40

40 24 Gajapati Nagar, 5th & 7th Lane 101 118 13 22 Kutcha house 101

41 25 Lanjipalli Bauri Street 50 60 40 10 Kutcha house 50

42 25 Lanjipalli Main Road 103 107 69 15


103



225



6



221

45 26 Khodasinghi Road Bauri Street && Dhoba Street


140


150 121 45 35 Kutcha house 150

47 27 Jaleswar Khandi Street 150 112 32 5 Kutcha house 150

48 27 Malli Street & Nua Street 95 75 29 30


95



200

TOTAL 4934 5145 1916 1258 4934

Sl. No.

RevenueWard No.


No. ofexisting families /house holds(2001)

No. of Houserequired as per2001 Census

No. of existinghouses as per2001 census(Authorised)

No. of house in goodcondition which needno upgradation ornew construction

No. of house inbad conditionrequiring upgradation /new construction

1 1 Bauri Sukunda and Enadrigaon 106 106 92 5 87

2 1 G. Raghunathpur 100 100 85 15 70


350 350 300 27 273


202 202 170 24 146


95 95 89 9 80

6 2 Kalua Street 50 50 47 15 32

7 3 Ganapati Nagar 7th Lane 40 40 35 5 30

8 4 Sankarpur Bauri Street 101 101 95 10 85

9 4 Jagili Street 50 50 45 5 40

10 5 Gobardhana Peta 150 150 149 77 72


294 294 285 15 270

12 6 Prahalad Nagar & Krishnama peta 65 65 59 7 52

13 7 Old Behampur Bauri Street 105 105 85 10 75

14 7 Pandav Nagar 99 99 95 11 84

15 7 Sita Dhimira Street 72 72 65 8 57



7


102 102 99 5 94


59 59 57 2 55


242 242 217 81 136

19 11 Old Mediri Street, Gaigotha Street 120 120 111 45 66


124 124 117 35 82


118 118 109 49 60

22 14 Khalasi Street 328 328 314 45 269

23 14 Bhandari Street & Dhoba Street 122 122 111 50 61

24 14 Patrapeta & Mochi Street 200 200 175 81 94


40 40 31 0 31


72 72 65 8 57


124 124 121 75 46


201 201 195 36 159

29 18 Totapally Bauri Street 75 75 49 4 45

30 18 Golapalli Street & Surjya Nagar 159 159 153 75 78

31 19 Invalidpeta 48 48 43 20 23

32 20 Burma Colony, Nehru Nagar 70 70 52 28 24

33 21 Bijipur Bada Bauri Street 96 96 85 15 70


230 230 221 110 111


242 242 213 75 138


134 134 129 25 104

37 23 Raju Dhoba Street 113 113 109 40 69


100 100 93 25 68

39 24 Kamapally Dandasi Street 39 39 39 9 30

40 24 Gajapati Nagar, 5th & 7th Lane 98 98 93 15 78

41 25 Lanjipalli Bauri Street 70 70 69 22 47

42 25 Lanjipalli Main Road 135 135 133 45 88



8


369 369 355 56 299


316 316 311 39 272


168 168 161 45 116


205 205 198 60 138

47 27 Jaleswar Khandi Street 120 120 113 5 108

48 27 Malli Street & Nua Street 110 110 107 48 59


442 442 409 102 307

TOTAL 7070 7070 6553 1618 4935

Sl. No.

RevenueWard No.


Community toilet

Community Baths

Community Centres

Primary HealthCenter Buildings &Schools

Model Demonstration Projects

1 1 Bauri Sukunda and Enadrigaon 1 Yes 0 0 0

2 1 G. Raghunathpur 0 Yes 1 1 0


1 Yes 1 1 0


1 Yes 0 0 0


0 Yes 0 0 0

6 2 Kalua Street 1 0 0 0 0

7 3 Ganapati Nagar 7th Lane 0 0 0 0 0

8 4 Sankarpur Bauri Street 1 Yes 0 0 0

9 4 Jagili Street 0 0 0 0 0

10 5 Gobardhana Peta 0 0 0 0 0


1 Yes 1 0 0

12 6 Prahalad Nagar & Krishnama peta 0 0 1 0 0

13 7 Old Behampur Bauri Street 1 Yes 0 0 0

14 7 Pandav Nagar 0 0 1 1 0

15 7 Sita Dhimira Street 1 Yes 1 0 0



9


1 Yes 0 1 0


0 Yes 0 1 0


1 Yes 0 1 0

19 11 Old Mediri Street, Gaigotha Street 1 0 1 1 0


1 Yes 1 1 0


0 0 0 1 0

22 14 Khalasi Street 0 0 0 1 0

23 14 Bhandari Street & Dhoba Street 0 0 0 1 0

24 14 Patrapeta & Mochi Street 0 0 0 0 0


0 0 0 1 0


1 0 0 1 0


0 0 0 1 0


1 Yes 1 1 0

29 18 Totapally Bauri Street 0 Yes 0 0 0

30 18 Golapalli Street & Surjya Nagar 0 0 0 0 0

31 19 Invalidpeta 0 Yes 0 0 0

32 20 Burma Colony, Nehru Nagar 0 0 0 0 0

33 21 Bijipur Bada Bauri Street 1 Yes 1 1 0


0 Yes 0 0 0


0 Yes 1 1 0


1 0 1 0 0

37 23 Raju Dhoba Street 0 0 0 1 0


1 Yes 1 1 0

39 24 Kamapally Dandasi Street 0 Yes 1 1 0

40 24 Gajapati Nagar, 5th & 7th Lane 0 0 0 1 0

41 25 Lanjipalli Bauri Street 1 Yes 1 1 0

42 25 Lanjipalli Main Road 1 Yes 1 1 0



10


0 0 0 0 0


1 Yes 1 1 0


1 Yes 1 0 0


1 Yes 0 0 0

47 27 Jaleswar Khandi Street 0 Yes 0 1 0

48 27 Malli Street & Nua Street 0 Yes 1 1 0


0 Yes 1 1 0

TOTAL 22 20 27 0

Sl. No.

RevenueWard No.


Piped Water Supply

Hand Pump/ Tube Well

Drainage System &Sewerage System

Self Employment Scheme Training Centres

Roads Street Lights

Solid wasteManagement System

1 1 Bauri Sukunda and Enadrigaon Yes 2 0 0 Yes Yes Yes

2 1 G. Raghunathpur Yes 1 0 0 Yes Yes Yes


Yes 0 Yes 0 Yes Yes Yes




Yes 0 0 0 0 Yes Yes

6 2 Kalua Street Yes 0 0 0 0 Yes 0

7 3 Ganapati Nagar 7th Lane Yes 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 4 Sankarpur Bauri Street 0 1 0 0 Yes 0 0

9 4 Jagili Street Yes 1 Yes 0 Yes Yes Yes

10 5 Gobardhana Peta Yes 0 0 0 Yes Yes 0



12 6 Prahalad Nagar & Krishnama peta Yes 2 0 0 Yes Yes 0



11

13 7 Old Behampur Bauri Street Yes 2 Yes 0 Yes Yes Yes

14 7 Pandav Nagar Yes 1 0 0 Yes Yes 0

15 7 Sita Dhimira Street Yes 2 Yes 0 Yes Yes Yes




Yes 3 Yes 0 Yes Yes 0



19 11 Old Mediri Street, Gaigotha Street Yes 2 Yes 0 Yes Yes Yes





22 14 Khalasi Street Yes 2 Yes 0 Yes Yes Yes

23 14 Bhandari Street & Dhoba Street Yes 3 Yes 0 Yes Yes 0

24 14 Patrapeta & Mochi Street Yes 2 Yes 0 Yes Yes 0








Yes 1 0 0 Yes Yes 0

29 18 Totapally Bauri Street 0 1 0 0 Yes 0 0

30 18 Golapalli Street & Surjya Nagar Yes 1 Yes 0 Yes Yes 0

31 19 Invalidpeta 0 1 0 0 0 Yes 0

32 20 Burma Colony, Nehru Nagar Yes 1 0 0 Yes Yes Yes

33 21 Bijipur Bada Bauri Street 0 0 0 0 0 Yes Yes


Yes 1 0 0 Yes Yes Yes


0 1 0 0 0 0 0


Yes 1 0 0 Yes Yes Yes

37 23 Raju Dhoba Street 0 1 0 0 Yes Yes 0



39 24 Kamapally Dandasi Street Yes 1 0 0 Yes Yes Yes



12

40 24 Gajapati Nagar, 5th & 7th Lane 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

41 25 Lanjipalli Bauri Street 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

42 25 Lanjipalli Main Road Yes 2 Yes 0 Yes Yes 0


0 2 0 0 0 Yes Yes






0 2 Yes 0 Yes Yes Yes

47 27 Jaleswar Khandi Street 0 1 Yes 0 Yes Yes Yes

48 27 Malli Street & Nua Street Yes 2 Yes 0 Yes Yes Yes



TOTAL 72 0



13

Annexure 4: 1st Stakeholder Meeting for Preparation of CDP for Berhampur City

ASCI team has organized a city level consultation meeting at Berhampur to obtain

the inputs of the key stakeholders. The objective of the consultation meeting is to

brief them about the CDP initiative, obtain their inputs for the same and inform the

progress of activities. The purpose is to achieve the following:

Sector specific consultations Inputs on identification of critical focus areas of city development

Discussions on key issues, concerns and challenges of the city

Gather suggestions and recommendations with respect to proposed exercise

Agenda of the meeting:

1st Stakeholder Meeting for Preparation of CDP for Berhampur City 22nd January 2008

Time Activity 15.00 – 15.10 Welcome and purpose of the meeting

Introduction of Participants

15.10 – 15:30 Presentation on CDP Preparation and Work Plan

15:30 – 15:45 Discussion and sharing of views

15:45 – 16:45 Group Work: Forming four to six groups

Each group to have a facilitator/moderator.

Each group will discuss identify key issues and strategies.

Report back and Presentation by each group.

16:45 – 17:00 Summary of the meeting and next steps

Summary of the Meeting:

The Stakeholder meeting for Preparation of CDP for Berhampur City was held on

22nd January 2007 at Kama’s Inn, Berhampur. The District Collector chaired the

session. ASCI Team, Senior Executive Officer, Berhampur Municipality and

Additional District Magistrate were the facilitators of the meeting. The programme

was participated by forty-six members from various departments which included

municipal officials from the departments’ viz., engineering, town planning, poverty,

finance and accounts departments and from parastatal agencies such as slum

clearance board, R & B dept. water board, urban development authority, Police



14

Department , etc. News reporters also came to record and present in local daily

newspaper for public awareness of this stakeholder meeting. There was coverage of

the local channels also.

The meeting was inaugurated by Senior Executive Officer of Berhampur Municipality.

He started with giving a brief background of the meeting. District collector explained

the significance of meeting and also suggested participants to introduce themselves.

The ASCI team made a presentation regarding the City Development Plan. The

presentation covers:

Berhampur City at a Glance

Realities of Berhampur City - Service levels

Background of the CDP

What is CDP

Need of the CDP

CDP Process

Our Approach to the preparation of CDP

Possible Stakeholders

Program Steering Committee

Formation of working group

Introduction of the group work

Expectations from the participants

The team also prepared a template to acquire the view of stakeholders in relation to

the key issues and also vision of the city. ASCI team clarified the purpose and

importance of the template. The participants were divided into seven groups of six

members each.

An extensive discussion was held within the group about the current problems in city.

Each group came up with their issues and suggestions, which was presented and

discussed by all the members.



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The summary of the discussions is as follows: Urban infrastructure:

There is a need for water harvesting as water demand is increasing day

by day with growing population

SWM is very poor due to lack of manpower and it needs to be addressed

at the earliest.

The water pipes are very old and hence there is a need for replacement

Open defecation is very prevalent and hence need for public toilets.

Public awareness is the key for the success all planning and execution by

ULB.

Fly over/parking provisions for auto mobile

Slums:

Proper implementation of slum programme.

Illiteracy, minimal service system. Poor health and nutrition system. Poor

organization institution available

Disaster:

Super cyclone – 1999

Effective community participation will help the problem in a big way

Cyclone/drought leading depressional disorder leading to crop damage

Governance and Institutional Framework: Need for accountability for their actions more resource be mobilized by

way of taxes, fees, etc and utilized in a better way

All works, actions must be accomplished more transparently

Lack of coordination

Co ordination is Lacking

Municipal Finance

User charges be collected property tax reforms be under taken

More avenues be identified within the framework

Public should be made awarded

FS to be enhanced

Conventional resources to be mobilized

Gender

Need for awareness

Culture and heritage:



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Existing places to be developed and high linkages with national and state

level.

Tourism to be seen in a long way.

Vision :

To establish Berhampur as Silk City

To see as a IT park and info city

To establish Ganjam as a cultural hub through establishment of

Berhampur

Establishment of part at global terms



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Photographs of the Stakeholders meeting at Berhampur



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Annexure 5: 2nd Stakeholder Meeting for Preparation of CDP for Berhampur City

ASCI team has organized a city level consultation meeting at Berhampur on the 24th

of May 2008 to take the view of the stakeholders. Agenda of the meeting 24th May 2008 (Saturday) 10.30 – 13.30

Stakeholder Meeting for Preparation of CDP for Berhampur Municipality

10.30–11.00

Welcome and Purpose of the Meeting Introduction of Participants

11.00 –11.30 Presentation on CDP SWOT Analysis, Vision and Strategies

11.30 – 11.45 Discussion and sharing of views

11.45 –13.00

Group Work: Forming four to six groups Each group to have a facilitator/moderator. Each group will discuss and identify key issues and strategies. Report back and Presentation by each group.

13.00– 13.30 Summary of the meeting and next steps

Minutes of the meeting: The 2nd Stakeholder meeting for Preparation of CDP for Berhampur City was held

on 24th of May 2008 at Hotel Jyoti Residency, Berhampur. The MLA, Berhampur

chaired the session. ASCI Team, Senior Executive Officer, Berhampur Municipality

and Additional District Magistrate were the facilitators of the meeting. The

programme was participated by sixty two members from various departments. News

reporters also came to record and present in local daily newspaper for public

awareness of this stakeholder meeting.

The meeting was inaugurated by Senior Executive Officer of Berhampur Municipality.

He started with giving a brief background of the meeting and describing the first

meeting. He suggested participants to introduce themselves.

The ASCI team gave a background of the CDP and the significance of meeting. The

ASCI team made a presentation regarding the City Development Plan.

Suggestions from the stakeholders Land – Open space under the government

No comprehensive development plan

Preparation of master plan is in the process by the revenue authority

Coordination of plans



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Encroachment of the government land – this need to be addressed at the first point

Give more power to the BDA so that they can take the private lands for development

purpose.

Calculation of future housing stock requirement and project the infrastructure

demand.

Also for any project more emphasis on the O&M cost recovery mechanism.

Drainage improvement

Water supply – In the summers is only 27 MLD

During other seasons it id 33 MLD

Renovation work of the reservoir in the progress which will in turn

increase the supply by 15MLD.

There is lack of purification plant: the small treatment plant is not

sufficient. An amount of 5 crores has been sanctioned for this project

Water comes to the city through open canals and due to a lot of

tapping on the way there is about 80% loss of water. There is a

proposal for closed water pipes and an amount of Rs 215 crores has

been sanctioned for the purpose.

The main problem of the water supply of Berhampur is that the source

is very far from the city.

There was the occurrence of viral fever in old Berhampur where 20-30

people died and this was caused by the bad condition of the water

supply pipes.

There is a requirement of complete 100% change of the old pipes.

A treatment plant is required which can convert the waste water to

usable water. This calls for separate pipe for supply of drinking water

and water for other purpose.

Slums:

Berhampur being a commercial city attracts a lot of population from

the nearby rural areas. There is a requirement of development areas

in the periphery so that the growth of population can be controlled in

the city.



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Airport: There was a proposal of airport by the TISCO and L&T.

Community hall development: Kalyan Mandaps

A cluster approach – considering the neighbours municipalities- ‘sister city concept’

Connectivity to be increased to far villages so that they can be well connected.

Gopalpur SEZ to be considered

Domestic business development – food processing units

Traffic: The traffic and transportation situation is very poor in the city.

Need for proper plan for improvement

BT roads pose the difficulty of drains hence the proposal for concrete

roads.

Attempt to cover all the roads

23 crores for development of the NH217 – to construct a bypass

While considering bicycle friendly city, take into consideration the non-

availability of the land

Develop the water bodies as a recreational area as well.

SWM : lack of worker

Cattle problem: Land to be demarcated about 10 kms away from the city with

infrastructure services provision

Plantation: About 78% of the plantation of the area is destroyed during the

1999 cyclone. Need for a lot of plantation.

Rainwater harvesting: should be a mandatory for the BDA for and building

permission.

There is growth in the number of apartments in the city. Before the construction of

the apartments, consultation with the municipality should be made mandatory. The



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apartments should be located in the periphery of the city so as to decongest and also

proper services can be planned accordingly.

There is a possibility that the municipality will become a corporation in the near future

so planning should take into this point in consideration. Planning for “Greater

Berhampur”

A new bus stand to be proposed in the periphery of the city to serve the intra

municipality bus fleet for growth of commerce, etc.

There is a lot of construction of public toilets but due to lack of awareness or attitude

among the citizen they prefer to use the open fields and roadside. There is a need for

sanitary education and this can be done by involving NGO’s.

Railway development as a terminus station.

Recycling of plastics

Schools: Construction of 60-70 schools are in the process and 8th

class is also included. This project is under the ‘Samashya

Abhyaganam’

Hospitals: Patients from about ten districts depend on the MKCG Medical

College Hospital.

Flyovers: The East Coast Railway passes through the city. There is

requirement of 4 railways over bridge

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Final CDP Berhampur Dec 08

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