ForewordForewordForewordForeword
Human Resource Development is the top priority of the Ministry of Health to
strengthen health care for Cambodian people. The Ministry of Health had supported the
Global Initiative for the elimination of Blindness by the year 2020, VISION 2020
“the Right to Sight” in 1999. One of the important components of VISION 2020 is refractive
Errors which is remain one of the main cause of blindness and visual impairment of people
at all ages.
The National Health Strategic Plan (2008-2015) of the Ministry of Health has given
high priority for upgrading skills and knowledge of health personnel in order to improve the
quality of work at hospital and health centers.
The National Program for Eye Health of the Ministry of Health has developed the
curriculum for the training of Refractionist Nurse to be able working in eye units of referral
Hospital throughout the country. After the course, the trainees will be able to provide basic
refraction service to meet the Global Initiatives and the Ministry of Health policy for
blindness prevention and eyes health. The curriculum for refractionist Nurse covers
appropriate competency for caring and improving the patients who have eye problem.
As there is a shortage of ophthalmic nurses generally, the training in refraction will
be extended to general nurses. It is therefore necessary to develop and expand the
curriculum for training of refractionist nurses to 6 months to accommodate general nurses.
Taking this opportunity the Ministry of Health expresses its sincere appreciation to
the working group for their hard working and contribution to the development of this
curriculum.
The ministry of Health believes that Curriculum for Refractionist Nurse Program will
bring along beneficiaries for people in the whole country who in need of refraction service
for their daily work and activities.
Phnom Penh,.................................
P a g e | iii
THIS CURRICULUM IS PREPARED BY THE FOLLOWING WORKING GROUP MEMBER
1- Prof. NGY MENG (NPEH)- Chairman
2- Asst.Prof. Do Seiha (NPEH) - Member
3- Asst.Prof. Sun Sarin (NPEH) -Member
4- Asst.Prof. Mar Amarin (NPEH) –Member
5- Dr. Sau Sokun Vary ( NPEH)- Member
6- Ms. Seng Sophal (NPEH) -Member
7- MA. Pheng Visoth (MoH) -Member
8- Mr. Prak Borei (Battambang)- Member
9- Mr. Nol Rothna (Takeo)- Member
10- Mr. Chea Seila ( ICEE )- Member
11- Mr. Horm Piseth ( FHF)- Member
12- Mr. Teakh Tath ( FHF )- Member
13- Mr. Sok Sen Alay ( FHF )- Member
14- Ms. Sokhom Vongsovannary Secretary
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No
Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1
Objectives......................................................................................................................... 1
Job Description................................................................................................................. 1
Management Committee.................................................................................................. 2
Candidate Selection Criteria............................................................................................. 2
Trainers............................................................................................................................. 2
Course Duration............................................................................................................... 3
Course Venue.................................................................................................................... 3
Course Content................................................................................................................. 3
Evaluation Criteria............................................................................................................ 3
Education Standards......................................................................................................... 3
Standard Care …………….................................................................................................... 4
Modules........................................................................................................................... 12
Refractionist Nurse Training Curriculum Structure.......................................................... 25
Time Table........................................................................................................................ 29
Reference ........................................................................................................................ 32
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 1
I- Introduction
The blindness prevention programme in Cambodia has started since 1995 which aims to provide basic
eye care service in each region of Cambodia and to reduce blindness prevalence to less 0.5 % by the
year 2005 by the establishment of National Eye Care System Network development throughout the
country .This include Human Resource, Facility development, mobilization of national and
international resources as well as eye disease control 1.
After 12 years of implementation of National Action Plan for Blindness control, there were a lot of
achievement achieved in terms of the Overall Prevalence of Blindness has been declined. However,
the Cambodian Rapid assessment of Avoidable Blindness ( RAAB ) in 2007 revealed 2.8 % of blindness
of people age 50 and over and the prevalence of severe visual impairment is almost triple of
blindness rate , are caused by Cataract followed by Refractive Errors 2.
To tackle the above issue there is a need for medical personnel to train in Refraction and be able to
provide proper correction for patients at all ages. Persons are suitable for this important training are
those who had already trained as an ophthalmic nurse and currently employed at the eye unit/
hospital throughout the Country.
However as there is a shortage of ophthalmic nurses generally, the training in refraction will be
extended to general nurses. It is therefore necessary to develop and expand the curriculum for
training of refractionist nurses to 6 months to accommodate general nurses. It is proposed that the
new Nurse Refractionists Course be divided into 2 sections. Part 1 will encompass components of
ophthalmological nursing topics in preparation for Part 2, which will be an updated and expanded
version of the existing 3 month nurse refractionists curriculum. General nurses will be required to
complete Part 1 successfully before embarking on Part 2, and ophthalmic nurses will be eligible to
enrol directly into Part 2 of the new Nurse Refractionists Course.
II- Objective of training
To have knowledge of refractive error and perform appropriate refraction techniques to provide
suitable spectacle correction for patients.
III- Title : Refractionist Nurse
IV- Job description
1- To perform appropriate tests for assessment of eye coordination and binocular vision.
1 National Strategic Plan for Blindness Prevention and Control 2008-2015
2 Do Seiha et al Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness in Cambodia 2007
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2- To perform appropriate to take child’s vision and vision screening for schools
3- To perform an advanced refraction techniques
4- To assess correctly the presence of low vision in patients and have knowledge of its
management
5- To understand and interpret a spectacle prescription and accurately measure the power of
a spectacle lens
6- To have knowledge of the difference ophthalmic lenses and frames
7- To fit lenses, frames and optical devices correctly for patients requiring optical correction
8- To manage a refraction clinic and spectacle supply effectively
9- To provide eye health care education for patient
10- To conduct Vision screening in rural communities
11- To Provide Basic Eye Management for common eye problem and refer
V- Management Committee
Management committee is a joint collaboration and made up by
• The Ministry of Health
• The National Program for Eye Health
• Ophthalmological Society of Cambodian
• The Cambodian Optometry Society
• The Cambodian Ophthalmic Nurse Association
• The Fred Hollows Foundation
• The International Centre for Eyecare Education
The management committee are composing of the following:
• Director of Training
• Training Coordinator
• Training Secretary
VI- Candidates Selection Criteria : Part I and Part II
Part I and Part II : Graduate General Nurse
Part II : Ophthalmic Nurse
VII- Trainers
- Local Trainer : An experience Refractionist Nurse Trainer, ophthalmic nurse trainer and
Ophthalmologist with proven skills and experience in the teaching subjects, recognized by
MoH, the Cambodian Ophthalmological Society ( COS ).
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- Expatriate Lectures : An expatriate ophthalmologist/ Optometrist/ Ophthalmic Nurse with
an internationally recognized qualification, with a minimum of 5 years experience and
proven teaching skills.
VIII- Course Duration : 6 months
( Part I take 3 Months, Part II take 3 months )
IX- Course Venue : National Program for Eye Health/ Dept. Ophthalmology
X- Course Content
During the study the candidate will full time attend teaching sessions. The teaching methods will
follow a problem oriented approach, divided in modules. The teaching will be done in two parts
1- Basic Ophthalmology :
a. Anatomy, Physiology of the eye,
b. Common Eye Condition
c. Nursing Management of Eye Conditions
d. Community Ophthalmology
2- Refraction
a. Basic Optic, Ophthalmic Lenses ,
b. All types of Refractive Errors ,
c. refraction techniques ,
d. Prescribing spectacles ,
e. Frame and Lens selection & materials
f. Fitting and edging of spectacles
g. Outreach and Vision Screening in Provinces.
These will be supplemented by lectures, tutorials and practical in the Eye Hospital.
XI- Evaluation Criteria
Pre training evaluation test will be conducted; Mid-term evaluation and Final Assessment will be done
at the end of the Training. Theoretical and Practical assessment will be conducted for trainees.
Trainees are required to clinically manage a minimum of 40 patients independently. A logbook of
patients seen should be kept and presented for examination at the end of the course.
XII- Education Standards 1- ATTITUDE AND RESPONSIBILITY
Passing Rate :
Theorical : 40%
Practice : 60%
Passing : 65 %
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STANDARD CARE
ATTITUDE AND RESPOSIBILITY
STANDARD OF CARE COMPETENCY
Any form of visual assessment should be
carried out in a manner of competency
and thoroughness in accordance with the
Standards of Care for eye care personnel
� Exhibit awareness and understanding of Standards of Care
� Perform all specific duties in accordance with Standards of
Care
All persons are equally entitled to
comprehensive visual assessment and the
provision of appropriate eye care where
indicated
� Treat all persons equally
� Provide services only where necessary for the eye care of the
person or when initiated by the person
� Hold interests and well-being of those requiring eye care
ahead of self-interest
� Advise of the service of affordable or subsidised eye care
schemes where available
� Provide appropriate community eye care services
Individual eye care personnel are
expected to perform their duties without
the need for supervision, but in
cooperation with other eye care providers
and health workers in order to provide
the best care possible
� Perform duties independently and conscientiously
� Consider consequences of actions and advice and accept
responsibility for own actions
� Seek advice from other health care personnel and refer where
necessary
� Work as part of a team
� Demonstrate awareness of the roles of other healthcare staff
Eyecare personnel should satisfactorily
maintain the workspace and equipment
required to perform their duties and
ensure the availability of sufficient
resources for the provision of necessary
eye care
� Ensure safety, cleanliness and general order of workspace
environment
� Maintain equipment in a safe, accurate, working state
� Maintain an inventory (perform regular stocktaking and
ordering) to ensure availability of adequate resources
� Perform monitoring and administrative duties as required for
reporting of eye unit activities
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CASE HISTORY
STANDARD OF CARE COMPETENCY
All persons are entitled to a comprehensive
case history in order to provide care
appropriate for the visual and general
health status of the individual, as well as
assessing specific visual requirements
� Exhibit appropriate attitude for creation of comfortable and
effective interaction with person.
� Communicate effectively whilst providing a comfortable
environment with consideration of the cultural, physical,
intellectual, and emotional background of the person
� Apply suitable questioning techniques for obtaining required
information in the most effective manner
• Demonstrate a structured approach for acquiring the relevant
information
� Obtain general personal details as well as specifics relating to
reason for vision examination and visual demands
� Obtain relevant detail relating to previous visual history and
general health information
� Maintain organised, clear and understandable written
summary of gathered case history data
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MEASURING VISION
STANDARD OF CARE COMPETENCY
Visual acuity measurement should be carried out on all persons as the initial testing procedure in the assessment process
� Implement required conditions for the accurate measurement
of both distance and near visual acuity
� Consider chart type according to individual ability and
understanding
� Provide clear and concise testing instructions for optimal
understanding as well as efficiency of acuity assessment
� Apply good observational skills to ensure accuracy of
measurement
� Demonstrate correct procedural process, with consideration
of current spectacle correction if applicable
� Perform overall procedure in the most efficient and thorough
manner possible
� Record clear and accurate visual acuity measurement,
indicating presence of optical correction where valid
All persons with presenting distance visual acuity of 6/9 or worse in either eye shall be provided with subsequent pinhole visual acuity assessment
� Consider requirement for further visual acuity measurement
with pinhole based on initial assessment
� Demonstrate correct testing technique, including clear and
concise instructions, and record results appropriately
� Understand and interpret significance of information
obtained, and implement appropriate management
A recordable gross measure of vision should be elicited in the situation where poor vision prevents a chart visual acuity measurement
� Perform correct additional visual acuity testing technique with
consideration of the vision level of the individual
� Apply standard recording procedure
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ASSESSMENT OF REFRACTIVE ERROR AND PRESBYOPIA
STANDARD OF CARE COMPETENCY
Prior to assessment of refractive error and
presbyopia, it should be ensured that all
persons have undergone preceding ocular
health assessment by appropriately
trained personnel, and all inflammatory
anterior eye health problems treated and
inactive
� Ensure eye health examinations undertaken previously
through relevant questioning in original case history
� Consider appropriateness of provision of refraction based on
presence or absence of prior eye health examination, and
general anterior eye observation
Those with presenting distance visual
acuity of worse than 6/6 in either eye and
a subsequent pinhole visual acuity of 6/12
or better should undergo refraction
� Consider requirement for refractive error assessment based
on case history and visual acuity information
� Perform both objective and subjective refraction techniques
in the correct manner in order to elicit an accurate
measurement of refractive error
� Apply logical progression of refraction methods
� Provide clear and concise explanation and testing instructions
for understanding and efficiency
� Apply good observational skills to ensure accuracy of
measurement
� Record final measurement of refractive error clearly with
indication of best corrected distance visual acuity
All children under 15 years of age should
be provided with a cycloplegic refraction
(where refraction is indicated by
presenting and pinhole visual acuity) in
the presence of:
- Suspected hyperopia
- Fluctuating accommodation
- Unreliable verbal feedback
- Convergent strabismus
� Consider requirement for cycloplegia based on age, case
history information, initial refraction results (objective and
subjective), and binocular vision status
� Perform required preliminary testing to ensure suitability of
use of cycloplegic agent
� Provide clear and understandable explanation of the
requirement for, actions of, and expected effects of
cyclopegia
� Perform both objective and subjective cycloplegic refraction
techniques in the correct manner in order to elicit an accurate
measurement of refractive error
� Record measurement of refractive error with indication of
presence of cycloplegia
� Demonstrate knowledge of adverse side-effects of cycloplegic
agents, and implement appropriate management if required
� Arrange follow-up non-cycloplegic refraction if required
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All persons over 40 years of age
(presbyopes) should be assessed for the
requirement of near vision optical
correction
� Consider requirement for presbyopic near vision spectacles
based on age of person and individual visual demands
� Determine presbyopic reading addition with consideration of
age-related guides, distance and near visual acuities, and
required working distance
� Record final reading addition or full near vision correction and
best corrected near visual acuity
� Understand significance of best corrected near visual acuity
and implement appropriate management where required
PRESCRIBING SPECTACLES
STANDARD OF CARE COMPETENCY
When finalising a distance spectacle
prescription, individual requirements,
previous spectacle prescription,
improvement in visual acuity, type and
magnitude of refractive error, and
conditions of testing should all be
considered.
� Ensure need and willingness for distance spectacle
correction according to the individual
� Consider necessity for correction of small amounts of
hyperopia, myopia or astigmatism
� Explain clearly if spectacles NOT required
� Consider difference in refractive error between eyes
� Ensure adequate improvement in vision with new spectacles
where presence of existing optical correction
� Adjust measurement of refractive error appropriately in the
case of cycloplegic assessment, including consideration of
binocular vision status
When finalising a presbyopic near addition,
or near vision lens, general consideration
of individual near vision demands, previous
near vision spectacle lens power, and
improvement in visual acuity should be
made.
� Ensure need and willingness for near vision correction
according to the individual
� Explain clearly if spectacles NOT required
� Regard required working distance of the individual
� Provide demonstration of affect of the near vision lens
� Explain advantages and disadvantages of bifocal and
multifocal lens types
� Allow comparison and choice between current and new near
vision lens powers where required
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Where spectacles are prescribed, all
information required for the accurate
dispensing of optical correction best suited
to the individual should be clearly provided
• Record date of examination and personal identification
details correctly
• Record prescription accurately, with clear indication of lens
type and mode of wear
• Obtain and accurately record individual measurements
necessary for spectacle dispensing
• Signs prescription with legible personal identification and
qualification
Provision of readymade spectacles should
be considered as a viable, affordable form
of vision correction for persons with
suitable refractive error and made
available where indicated
• Considers provision of readymade spectacles as option of
optical correction
• Ensures suitability of readymade spectacles for individual
based on refractive error status, frame size, and
interpupillary distance
• Provides choice between made-to-order and readymade
spectacle correction
• Maintains an affordable supply of readymade spectacles
based on population needs
A person for which spectacle correction is
prescribed must be well informed about
their requirement for spectacles, and their
visual state monitored appropriately
• Provide clear and understandable explanation to the
individual as to their refractive state, and when spectacles
should be worn
• Ensure awareness of benefits of optical correction
• Explain requirement for monitoring and re-examination, and
implement as stated
ESTABLISHING REFRACTION CLINIC
STANDARD OF CARE COMPETENCY
To make sure that the refraction clinic is
function well and provides a good service
to patient who have eye problems.
• The operating and closing times of the clinic must be
displayed on a sign on the front door of the clinic.
• The eye care practitioner must be at the clinic 15 minutes
before the opening times to make sure that they are ready to
see patients as soon as the clinic opens.
• Te clinic must close and open at the stated time
• The clinic must be clear and tidy in all areas includes: Waiting
room, examination room, dispensing room, in toilet area
must have soap for washing hand, cleaning activities must be
done daily.
• All equipment must be return to its correct place at the end
of each day.
• All equipment must turn off, wipe down and covered with
dust-protectors at the end of the day.
• All patient records cards must be filed in alphabetically in a
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storage cupboard at the end of each day.
• All stationery must be stored in a storage cupboard at the
end of each day.
• At the end of each week, all clinic room must have their stock
checked and re-ordered when necessary.
• When you sell spectacle, you must give a receipt to the
patient, and you must keep a copy of the receipt in the
receipt book.
• A set amount of the money must be kept in a safety box;
when selling spectacle the money must be kept in a safety
box immediately.
• All the time and all the money must be locked in the safe box
and storage in the cupboard.
Good hygiene must be maintained
throughout the clinic to have a safe
working environment. Refraction clinic is a
health clinic so it is important to prevent
the spread of disease to people who are
having their eyes examined and staff who
work in the clinic.
• All eye care practitioners must wear neatly in clean clothes
and must be well groomed. Finger nails must be kept short,
hair must be clean and tied up if it is too long and shoes must
be worn at all times.
• Eye care practitioners must be wash their hands with
antiseptic soap before and after examining every patient’s
eyes.
• Equipment must be wiped down with alcohol swabs between
each eye examination.
• All waste from the clinic must be put into the allocated
rubbish bins-all internal rubbish must be lined with plastic
rubbish bags.
OPHTHALMIC NURSE COMPETENCY
STANDARD OF CARE COMPETENCY
Attend to ophthalmic patients in Out
Patient Department (OPD)
• Registration of patients
• Patients history taking
• Visual Acuity taking
The Ophthalmic Nurse must be able
to: Perform Eye examinations
• External eye examination (Eyebrow, Eye lid, Eye lashes,
Conjunctiva, Sclera and cornea)
• Internal examination (anterior chamber, iris, pupil, lens)
• Fundus examination (check the red reflex by direct
ophthalmoscope)
• Take Intra ocular pressure
• Color vision test
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Perform Nursing procedures
• Epilation of eye lashes
• Remove skin suture
• Remove superficial foreign bodies from conjunctiva
(bulbar, fornix) cornea.
• Inserting and removing prostheses (artificial eye)
• Removal of concretion
• Applying eye bandage
• Eye swabbing and padding
• Application of eye ointment.
• Instill eye drops.
• Irrigating of the eye (chemical burn)
Performed coordinated function:
Community Ophthalmology. Together
with an Ophthalmologist in the Eye
Unit or Eye hospital plan and organize
outreach program by conducting: Eye
screening in the health center and
school children.
• Increase awareness of eye care through advertisement
an promotion.
• Decide on when to refer patients with ophthalmic
problem.
• Networking and linkage with other health care centers
for safe and continuous delivery of eye care.
• General concept of vision 2020
• Plan health education / Healthy eye promotion
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PART I
Module 1 : General professional nursing knowledge (35 hours , 1 Week )
Learning Objective Time Learning contents Teaching and Learning
Methods
Teaching Aids and
Materials
Assessment
At the end of this module the
trainee will be able to:
� Discuss nurse’s attitude to
work and role
� Describe the code of
conduct in Ethics of
nursing practice
� Discuss the historical
perspective in leadership
and management and its
influence on nursing
management
� Demonstrate awareness of
communication skill,
motivation, conflict
management, and
management of group or
the team as they relate to
nursing leadership and
management
35 hours
1 week
� Nursing Ethics
� Leadership
management
� Roles and functions of
planning
� Roles and functions in
organizing
� Roles and functions in
staffing
� Roles and functions in
directing
� Roles and functions in
controlling
� Lectures/Discussion
� Workshop/(Role
playing)
� Group discussion
and reporting
� Handouts
� Papers/pen
� Visual aids
� Projector/power
point/laptop
computer
� Oral and
written
examination
� Observation
on attitudes
and
behaviour
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Module 2 : Basic Science (General Ophthalmology) (70 hours, 2 Weeks)
Learning Objective Time Learning contents Teaching and
Learning Methods
Teaching Aids and
Materials
Assessment
At the end of this module
the trainee will be able
to:
� Describe the Anatomy
and Physiology of the
normal eye
� Demonstrate and
understand eye
structure and function
70 hours � Embryology of the eye
� Anatomy of the normal eye
� Anatomy and Physiology of
the orbit and globe
� Anatomy and Physiology of
lids, Conjunctiva and
Lacrimal system
� Anatomy and Physiology of
the cornea, Sclera and Lens
� Anatomy and Physiology of
the Uveal tract
� Anatomy and Physiology of
of the Vitreous, retina and
optic nerve
� Anatomy and Physiology of
Extraocular Muscles
� Optic and Refraction
� Active
lecture/tutorial
� Discussion/Demon
stration
� Self study and
reporting
� Eye model
� Posters
� Slides
� Diagram
� Handouts
� Reference books
(Ophthalmology)
� Projector/Laptop
(Power points)
� Practical and
written
examination
� Oral
questions and
answers
Module 3 : Clinical ophthalmic condition (Pathology and Physiology) (280 hours , 8 Weeks)
Learning Objective Time Learning contents Teaching and
Learning Methods
Teaching Aids and
Materials
Assessment
At the end of this module the
trainee will be able to:
� Distinguish the condition
and appearance of a
healthy eye
105
hours
� Common eye problems
and management
� Common eye problems
and management
� Common lid
� Lectures/Tutorial
� Discussion
� Clinical setting:
- Identify with
patient’s eye
� Patients
� Torch/Penlight
� Slides/Posters
� Handouts
� Ophthalmology
� Practical and
written
examination
� Clinical
performance
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� Discuss the cause and risk
factors of eye disease
� Describe the signs and
symptoms of each
condition
� Describe the necessary
investigation, requires in
each case
� Recognise the
complications and
prognosis of each
condition
� Recognise and manage of
common disorders and
ocular emergencies.
abnormalities: Stye,
chalazion, ptosis,
blepharitis, ectropion,
trichiasis
� Conjunctiva:
conjunctivitis, red eye,
pterygium,pinguela,
foreign body.
� Cornea: foreign body,
epithelial defects, ulcer,
scars.
� Lens: cataract
� Glaucoma
� Uveitis
� Vitamin A deficiency
� Diseases of the orbit,
globe and
� cornea, sclera lens and
� Uveal tract and
management.
� vitreous, retina, Diabetic
� optic nerve and
management.
� Common Medical and
Ophthalmic emergencies :
Hypoglycemia
� Foreign body
� Trachoma
condition
- Participate in
eye
examination of
the patient’s
eyes
- Make a
diagnosis and
state the
management
� Clinical
demonstration
and observation
� Clinical teaching or
couching
book
� Schiotz
tonometer
� Snellen Chart
� Case
management
presentation
� Clinical
assessment
record book
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Module 4 : Community ophthalmology (35 hours, 1 week)
Learning Objective Time Learning contents Teaching and
Learning Methods
Teaching Aids
and Materials
Assessment
At the end of this module the
trainee will be able to:
� Define blindness
� Prevention of blindness
� Describe the importance of
early intervention on each
eye diseases
� Identify and provide
counselling for blind
patients
� Organize eye screening
� Train health workers and
village health volunteer on
Primary Eye Care
� Describe the social
economic factors and their
impacts on health
� Advise blind patients and
their families on
community rehabilitation
� Vision 2020 (20/20)
� Low vision
� Childhood blindness
35
hours
� Definition of blindness
according to WHO
� Exposure to the eye unit
� Community exposure
� How to conduct eye
screening
� Conduct health
education program
� Conduct a survey on
identifying eye problem,
economic status of the
local communities
� Principle of
rehabilitation
� Basic principle of
teaching
� Vision 2020
� Low vision
� Childhood blindness
� School Health Program
� Lectures
� Demonstrations/di
scussion
� Field work
� Exposure to the
communities
� Plan community
activities
- LCD Projector
set
- Clipboard
- Pen/Pencil
- Whiteboard
- Penlight/Laser
projector
- Video/Slides
Hand out
� Practical and
written
examination
� Case report
� Project
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PART II
Module 5: REFRACTION (350 hours, 10 weeks)
Objective Time Contents
(Knowledge, Skill, Attitude)
Learning
Experience
Teaching Methods
Training
Materials
Student
Assessment
I. BASIC OPTICS, EYE OPTICS AND ACCOMMODATION (2days)
To have a knowledge of
light travel through a
substance or medium and
how it work, the speed of
light and index.
14 Hrs 1. OPTICS
� Light and Seeing
� Behaviour of Light
� Optical Medium
� Refractive Index
� Reflection & refraction
� Prism
� Lenses
� Optical Centre
� Plano Lenses
2. EYE OPTICS AND
ACCOMMODATION
� How normal eye work
� The eye with refractive
errors
� Accommodation
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Drawing
- Light projection
- Discussion
- LCD Projector set
- Diagram/Picture
- Clipboard
- Pen/Pencil
- Whiteboard
- Penlight/Laser
projector
- Lenses
- Prism Lens
- Video/Slides
- Hand out
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Name of light in
diagram.
- Calculation Amp.
of accommodation
II. REFRACTIVE ERRORS
To have a knowledge of
refractive error of the
eyes, the cause of
refractive errors and how
to correct it,
21 Hrs � Hyperopia
� Myopia
� Astigmatism
� Presbyopia
- Lecture
- Diagram
- Name on diagram
- Video/Slides show
- LCD Projector set
- Diagram/Picture
- Clipboard
- Pen/Pencil
- Video/Slides
- Whiteboard
- Lenses
- QCMs
- Oral Question
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To know about how lens
made and focus lights
when passing through it.
To know a specific lens to
correct refractive errors of
eyes.
To know how to interpret
the prescription in plus or
minus cylinder form and
its axis.
1. SPHERICAL LENSES
� Spherical Lens and
refractive errors
� Spherical Lens and shape
� Spherical lens and power
2. ASTIGMATIC LENSES
� Astigmatic Lens and eyes
� Cylindrical Lenses
� Sphero-Cylindrical Lenses
� Standards axis notation
� Power of astigmatic lenses
� Astigmatic lens shape
3. OPTICAL CROSS AND
TRANSPOSITION
� Optical cross
- Sphero-cylindrical Lenses
- Optical Cross
- Drawing Optical Cross
- Minus and Plus cylinder
notation.
� Transposition
- Method of transposition
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Drawing
- Light projection
- Discussion
- Practice
- LCD Projector set
- Diagram/Picture
- Clipboard
- Pen/Pencil
- Whiteboard
- Penlight/Laser
projector
- Spherical lens &
Astigmatic lenses
- Video/Slides
- Hand out
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Identify lenses
- Practice
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 18
III. TRIAL LENS SETS AND TRIAL FRAMES
To know the feature of
trial set and trial frame,
location of plus lenses,
minus lenses cylinder
lenses, prism and
accessory. How to
adjustment trial frame
7 Hrs TRIAL SET AND TRIAL
FRAME
� Trial sets
� Spherical Lenses
� Cylindrical trial Lens
� Prism trial Lens
� Accessory trial Lens
� Trail Frames
- Lecture
- Picture show
- Demonstration
- Role play
- LCD Projector set
- Diagram/Pictures
- Trial lens set
- Trial frames
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice
IV. INTRODUCTION TO REFRACTION
To know the keys methods
of refraction or different
way to measuring
refractive error of the eyes
and the goals of refraction
examination.
14 Hrs � Clinical Refraction
� Measuring refractive error
� Objective Refraction
methods
� Subjective refraction
methods
� Goal of refraction
� Estimation refractive error
� The art of refraction
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Drawing
- Practical in
pair/group
- Practical with
model eye
- Practical with
patient
- LCD Projector set
- Diagram/Picture
- Retinoscope
- Autorefractor
- Trial lens set
- Trial frames
- Model eye
- Pen/Pencil
- Whiteboard
- Penlight/Laser
projector
- Video/Slides
- Hand out
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice
- Case study
- Practical exam
V. REFRACTION MODULE
To know about the
communication skill with
patient, collecting
information related to
patient vision problems
and other general health
condition which related to
the eye.
175 Hrs
1. CASE HISTORY
� Understanding the problems
� Case History
� How to taking case history
� Thinking about case history
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Role play
- LCD Projector
- Recording form
- Clipboard
- Handout
- Pens
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Role Play
- Case study
To have knowledge of how
to measure visual acuity at
distance and near and
2. VISUAL ACUITY & PINHOLE
� Visual acuity
� Testing Distance VA
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Drawing
- LCD Projector
- Clipchart
- Handout
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice in pair
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 19
prediction how much
refractive error patient
has.
� Type of VA measurement
� Recording Distance VA
� Distance VA Chart
� Measuring Near VA
� Pinhole Test
� Pinhole Result mean
� What to do if pinhole
improve
- Discussion
- Practice in pairs
- Distance VA
charts
- Near VA chart
- Penlight
- Meter
- Pinhole
- Occluder
- Case study
To know the objective
refraction methods by
using retinoscope to
define refractive error of
eyes
3. RETINOSCOPY
� Retinoscopy
� Movement of the
retinoscopic reflex
� Looking at retinoscopic
reflex movement
� Alignment of streak and red
reflex
� Streak retinoscopy method
� Frequent retinoscopy
problems
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Video/Slides show
- Practice with
model eye
- Practice in pair
- LCD Projector
- Retinoscopes
- Trial Lens sets
- Model eyes
- Clipchart
- Handout
- Visual aid
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice
- Case study
- Practical exam
To know the way to
measure papillary distance
for distance prescription
and near prescription,
mono and binocular PD.
4. INTERPUPILLARY DISTANCE
� Definition of PD
� Measuring Distance PD
with PD ruler
� Finding Near PD with a PD
Ruler
� Measuring PD using
pupillometer.
� Why PD is importance
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Drawing
- Discussion
- Practice in pairs
- LCD Projector set
- Diagram/Picture
- Clipboard
- Pen/Pencil
- Whiteboard
- Penlight/Laser
projector
- Video/Slides
- Hand out
- PD Rulers
- Pupilometre
- Pinhole
- Trial Frames
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice in pair
- Case study
- Clinical practical
examination
To know the technique to
fine the best vision sphere
power and comfortable
prescription after
5. BEST VISION SHPERE
REFRACTION
� Correcting refractive error
� Subjective refraction
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Video/Slides show
- Practice in pair
- LCD projector
- Trial frame
- Trial Lens set
- Distance Chart
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice in pair
- Clinical practical
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 20
retinoscopy result.
� Best Vision Sphere(BVS)
� Astigmatism and BVS
- Discussion
- Hand out
- Clip chart
examination
To know the steps to
determine cylinder power,
approximately axis, and
exact axis methods.
6. SPHERO-CYLINDRICAL
REFRACTION
� Astigmatism search
� Finding the cylinder axis
� Finding the cylinder power
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Drawing
- Discussion
- Trial sets
- Trial Frames
- PD ruler
- Cross cylinder
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice in pair
- Clinical Practical
examination
To know the concepts of
how to control amplitude
of accommodation while
performing refraction, in
order to fine a comfortable
prescription, avoid of over
minus or not enough plus
correction.
7. CONTROLLING
ACCOMMODATION
� Controlling accommodation
� How to avoid over minus or
not enough plus.
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Drawing
- Discussion
- Video/Slides
- LCD Projector
- Vide/slides
- Trial sets
- Trial Frames
- PD ruler
- Cross cylinder
- Cycloplegic drug
- Penlights
- Handout
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice in pair
- Clinical Practical
examination
To know the techniques of
controlling
accommodation and
balancing between both
eye’s power.
8. +1.00D TEST &BINOCULAR
BALANCING
� After the distance
prescription
� +1 Test method
� Binocular Balancing Method
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Drawing
- Discussion
- Video/Slides
- LCD Projector
- Vide/slides
- Trial sets
- Trial Frames
- Occluder
- Penlights
- Handout
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice in pair
- Clinical Practical
examination
To know how to do a near
refraction for a person
with presbyopia so that
can give the correct
reading addition.
9. NEAR REFRACTION FOR
PRESBYOPIA
� Correcting Presbyopia
� Preparation and estimation
of Add
� Adjust Add power
� Check the range of clear
vision
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Drawing
- Discussion
- Video/Slides
- LCD Projector
- Vide/slides
- Trial sets
- Trial Frames
- Metres
- Reading testing
chart
- Occluder
- Penlights
- Handout
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice in pair
- Clinical Practical
examination
To understand the method
in relevant tests to define
10. RELEVANT TEST IN
REFRACTION
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- LCD Projector
- Vide/slides
- QCMs
- Oral Question
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 21
abnormality of the eyes
cause visually discomfort.
� Covered/Uncovered test
� Near Point of convergent
� Stereopsis test
� Motility test
� Color vision test
- Drawing
- Discussion
- Video/Slides
- Trial sets
- Trial Frames
- Metres
- Reading testing
chart
- Ishihara
- Occluder
- Penlights
- Handout
- Practice in pair
- Clinical Practical
examination
VI. DECISSION AND PRESCRIBING SPECTACLES : 1 week
To know a basic guide on
how to when and how to
prescribes spectacle for
patient.
35 Hrs 1. PRESCRIBING SPECTACLE
• Refraction Check
• Before Prescribing
• Prescribing spectacle
• Explanation of the
examination
• Writing a prescription
spectacle
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Discussion
- Practice in pair
- LCD Projector
- Vide/slides
- Trial sets
- Trial Frames
- Metres
- Reading testing
chart
- Occluder
- Penlights
- Handout
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice in pair
- Clinical Practical
examination
To have a knowledge of
making decision on a near
lens addition for patient
with presbyopia so that
they can have a clear and
comfortable near vision.
2. PRESCRIBING SPECTACLE
FOR PRESBYOPIA
• Prescribing spectacle for
near
• Near ADD and working
distance
• Choice of lenses for near
spectacles
• Telling patient about their
new near spectacles
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Discussion
- Practice in pair
- LCD Projector
- Vide/slides
- Trial sets
- Trial Frames
- Metres
- Reading testing
chart
- Occluder
- Penlights
- Handout
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice in pair
- Clinical Practical
examination
To have a knowledge of
how to prescribes
astigmatism lenses with
patient astigmatism so
3. PRESCRIBING SPECTACLES
FOR ASTIGMATISM
• Cylinder Power
• Cylinder Axis
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Discussion
- LCD Projector
- Vide/slides
- Trial sets
- Trial Frames
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice in pair
- Clinical Practical
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 22
that they can have a clear
and comfortable vision
- Metres
- Spectacle
examination
- Case study
To know the guideline and
recommendation for
prescribing readymade
spectacles for patient.
4. PRESCRIBING READY
MADE SPECTACLES
• Readymade
spectacle(RMS)
• Prescribing RMS
• PD of RMS and frame
selection
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Discussion
- LCD Projector
- Vide/slides
- Spectacle
- Frames
- QCMs
- Oral Question
- Practice in pair
- Clinical Practical
examination
- Case study
VII. ESTABLISHING A REFRACTION CLINIC
To have a knowledge of
how well to set up
refraction clinic in order to
deliver efficient refraction
service to ensure that
patient can receives the
best refraction service.
7 Hrs � Refraction Clinic
� Set up a refraction clinic
- Room
- Lighting
- Vision Chart posting
- Computer
- Dispensing stock
- Clinic Lay-out
� Standard operation
procedure
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Discussion
- LCD Projector
- Vide/slides
- Hand out
- Clipboard
- QCMs
- Oral Question &
examination
VIII. MANAGE A CLINIC FOR REFRACTION SERVICES
To have a knowledge of
how to manage clinic and
control the stock and
supplies in a refraction
clinic
14 Hrs � Stock and Inventory
� Initial stock and common
stock
� Ordering stock
� Record Keeping
� Banking
� Bill and Accounts
� Filing
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Discussion
- LCD Projector
- Vide/slides
- Hand out
- Clipboard
- Forms
- QCMs
- Oral Question
Examination
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 23
Module 6 : SPECTACLE DISPENSING
Objective Time Topics
(Knowledge, Skill, Attitude)
Teaching Methods
Learning
Experiences
Training
Material
Student
Assessment
To refresh knowledge of basic
optic and how the lights are
travel when across a prism or
lens and its direction.
7 Hrs � Optic and Ophthalmic Lenses
� Light Rays & behaviour of light.
� Reflection & Refraction
� Prism
� Lens ( Spherical & Astigmatism
� Introduction to progressive
lenses and bifocal
- Lecture
- Discussion
- Drawing
diagram
- Demonstration
- Practice
- LCD Projector
- Computer
- Lenses (+ & -)
- Progressive lens
- Bifocal lens
- Whiteboard
- Markers
- Practical
assessment
- QCMs & Answer
To have knowledge of how to
use lensmeters, measuring
lens power, determine axis
and dotting lenses.
7 Hrs
� Focimetry/Lensmetry & Hand
Neutralisation
� Focusing lensmeter
� Measuring lens power
� Dotting lenses
� Measuring sphero-cylinder
� Measuring progressive lenses
� Measuring bifocal lens
� Special notes
- Lecture
- Discussion
- Drawing
diagram
- Demonstration
- Practice
- LCD Projector
- Lenses Sphere + -
- Astigmatic lenses
- Progressive
lenses
- Trial sets
- Whiteboard
- Lensmeter
- Markers
- Diagram
- Handout
- Practical
assessment
- QCMs & Answer
- 25 completed
spectacles
To have the knowledge the
type and material of
spectacle frames,
To know on how to measure
the different type of frame
and fitting a lens in reference
points.
7 Hrs
� Spectacle Frames
� Type of spectacle frames
� Frame material plastics
� Frame material metal
� Manipulation of frames
� Frame Measurement
� The Boxing system
� The Datum line System
� Comparing the system
� Lens reference points
- Lecture
- Discussion
- Drawing
diagram
- Demonstration
- Practice
- Optical
workshop
activities
- Video show
- LCD Projector
- Computer
- Whiteboard
- Markers
- Diagram/Picture
- Frames
- Fame ruler
- Frame lay-out
chart
- Frame heater
- Practical
assessment
- QCMs & Answer
- Label name on
diagram
To have knowledge of how to 7 Hrs � Measuring Pupillary Distance - Lecture - LCD Projector - Practical
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 24
measure between the centre
of pupils in mono and
binocular method.
� Monocular PD
� Binocular PD
� Corneal Reflex Pupillometer
� Measuring bifocal and
progressive heights
- Demonstration
- Practice in pair
- Drawing
- Video show
- Computer
- PD rulers
- Whiteboard
- Markers
- Diagram/Picture
assessment
- QCMs &
Answer
- Label name on
diagram
Understanding on how to fit
spectacle on patient’s face in
accurate techniques and
satisfaction with prescription
14 Hrs
� Fitting Spectacle
� The Triangle Fitting
� The Bridge Fitting
� Pantoscopic Tilt
� Frame Adjustment- the steps
� Spectacle delivery verification
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Practice in pair
- Case study
- Optical
workshop
Activities
- LCD Projector
- Frames
- Pliers
- rulers
- Marker
- Progressive lay-
out chart
- Frame heater
- Practical
assessment
- QCMs &
Answer
- Label name on
diagram
- Quality control
To know how to operate auto
lens- edger and fitting in
accurate prescription for
patient
14 Hrs
� Cutting the Lenses
� Checking the lenses
� Decentration
� Cut a former
� Block or Mark-up a lens
� Edging lens with auto edger
� Hand edging
� Fit the lens into a frame
� Verify that the final spectacle
� Single vision lens
� Progressive lenses
� Bifocal lensess
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Practice in pair
- Group
discussion
- Optical
workshop
activities
- LCD Projector
- Auto-Lens edger
- Hand edger
- Lensmeter
- Frames
- frame heater
- lens blocker
- Lenses (all type)
- Markers
- Screw drivers &
Adjustment Tools
- Practical
Assessment
- QMCs & Answer
- Quality control
To have knowledge on how to
adjust a spectacle frame so
that they can fit a patient
comfortably and what to tell
patient to take care it.
14 Hrs
� Adjustment and care of
spectacle
� Optical spectacle
� Spectacle frame parts
� Choosing a spectacle frame
� Tools uses to adjust spectacle
� Adjust spectacle
� Methods
� Problem solving guide
� Adjust old spectacle frame
� Caring for spectacle
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Practice in pair
- Group
discussion
- Optical
workshop
activities
- LCD Projector
- Frame adjusting
pliers
- Frame heater
- Screw drivers
- Frames
- Spectacle
- Practical
Assessment
- QMCs & Answer
- Quality control
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 25
REFRACTIONIST NURSE TRAINING CURRICULUM STRUCTURE
TOPIC LESSION TITLLES THEORY HS PRATICAL HS CREDIT
Module I
General professional
nursing knowledge
� Leadership management
� Roles and functions of planning,
organizing, staffing, directing
and controlling
35 2
Module II
Basic Science
(General
Ophthalmology)
� Embryology of the eye
� Anatomy of the normal eye
� orbit and globe
� lids, Conjunctiva and Lacrimal
system
� cornea, Sclera and Lens
� Uveal tract
� Vitreous, retina and optic nerve
� Extraocular Muscles
70 5
Module III
Clinical ophthalmic
condition (Pathology
and Physiology)
� Common eye problems and
management
� Common lid abnormalities: Stye,
chalazion, ptosis, blepharitis,
ectropion, trichiasis
� Conjunctiva: conjunctivitis, red
eye, pterygium,pinguela, foreign
body.
� Cornea: foreign body, epithelial
defects, ulcer, scars.
� Lens: cataract
� Glaucoma
� Uveitis
� Vitamin A deficiency
� Diseases of the orbit, globe and
� cornea, sclera lens and
� Uveal tract and management.
� vitreous, retina, optic nerve and
management.
� Common Medical and
Ophthalmic emergencies :
Hypoglycemia
� Foreign body
� Chemical injury, Ocular trauma
� Acute visual loss
210 70 16
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 26
Module IV
Community
ophthalmology
� Community exposure
� How to conduct eye screening
� Conduct health education
program
� Conduct a survey on identifying
eye problem, economic status
of the local communities
� Principle of rehabilitation
� Basic principle of teaching
� Vision 2020
� Low vision
� Childhood blindness
35 1
Module V
REFRACTION
� Basic Optics, Eye Optics And
Accommodation
� Refractive Errors
� Trial Lens Sets And Trial Frames
� Introduction To Refraction
� Refraction Module
� Decission And Prescribing
Spectacles
� Establishing A Refraction Clinic
� Manage A Clinic For Refraction
Services
105
245
13
Module VI
SPECTACLE
DISPENSING
� Optic and Ophthalmic lenses
� Focimetry/Lensmetry & Hand
Neutralisation
� Spectacle Frames
� Frame Measurement
� Measuring Pupillary Distance
� Fitting Spectacle
� Cutting the Lenses
� Adjustment and care of
spectacle
35
35 3
Total 455 385 39
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 27
SCHEDULE
For General Ophthalmic Nursing Part (Part I):
Week 1:
Module I: General professional nursing knowledge
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
Week 2:
Module II: Basic Science (General Ophthalmology)
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
Week 3:
Module II: Basic Science (General Ophthalmology)
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
Week 4:
Module III: Clinical Ophthalmic Condition (Pathology and Physiology)
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
Week 5:
Module III: Clinical Ophthalmic Condition (Pathology and Physiology)
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
Week 6:
Module III: Clinical Ophthalmic Condition (Pathology and Physiology)
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 28
Week 7:
Module III: Clinical Ophthalmic Condition (Pathology and Physiology)
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Clinical
Practice in
OPD
Clinical
Practice in
OPD
Clinical
Practice in
OPD
Clinical
Practice in
OPD
Clinical
Practice in
OPD
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
Week 8:
Module III: Clinical Ophthalmic Condition (Pathology and Physiology)
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Clinical
Practice in
OPD
Clinical
Practice in
OPD
Clinical
Practice in
OPD
Clinical
Practice in
OPD
Clinical
Practice in
OPD
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
Week 9:
Module III: Clinical Ophthalmic Condition (Pathology and Physiology)
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Clinical
Practice in OT
Clinical
Practice in OT
Clinical
Practice in OT
Clinical
Practice in OT
Clinical
Practice in OT
Week 10:
Module III: Clinical Ophthalmic Condition (Pathology and Physiology)
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Clinical
Practice in OT
Clinical
Practice in OT
Clinical
Practice in OT
Clinical
Practice in OT
Clinical
Practice in OT
Week 11:
Module IV: Community Ophthalmology
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Practice in
Community
Practice in
Community
Practice in
Community
Practice in
Community
Practice in
Community
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Practice in
Community
Practice in
Community
Practice in
Community
Practice in
Community
Practice in
Community
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 29
Week 12:
Self Study and Final Exam for General Ophthalmic Nursing Care (Part I)
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Self study Self study Self study Examination Examination
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Self study Self study Self study Examination Examination
Note: for Refraction Part (Part II)
Week 13:
Module V: Refraction
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom:
Pre-course
assessment
Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
Week 14:
Module V: Refraction
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice
Week 15:
Module V : Refraction
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice
Week 16:
Module V : Refraction
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 30
Week 17:
Module V : Refraction
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
Week 18:
Module V : Refraction
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
Week 19:
Module V : Refraction
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Week 20:
Module V : Refraction
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Classroom Classroom Practice Practice Practice
Week 21:
Module V : Refraction
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
Outreach
Field practice
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 31
Week 22:
Module VI: Spectacle dispensing module
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice
Week 23:
Module VI: Spectacle dispensing module
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice
Week 24:
Module VI: Self Study and Final Examination
Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
08:00 - 12:00 Self Study Self Study Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 - 17:00 Self Study Self Study Final Exam Final Exam Post-Course
assessment
National Refractionist Training Curriculum 2013-2017 P a g e | 32
REFERENCES
ICEE Refraction Manual Copyright @ 2005
ICEE Refraction Manual Copyright @ 2008
Jack Kansky – Clinical Ophthalmology
Clinical Science – American Ophthalmology
National for Eye Health – RABB 2007
Refractive Error in School Children Survey in Cambodia
National Strategy Plan for Blindness Control
Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness in Cambodia 2007
Adler F.H 1987 Physiology of the Eye C V Mosby, St Louis
Greer C.H 1979 Ocular pathology Blackwell, Oxford
Wolff E. 1976 Anatomy of the Eye and orbit H.K. Lewis, London
Snell. Lump Clinical anatomy of the eye Blackwell Scientific
Kanski JJ Clinical Ophthalmology, Butterworths, London
Kanski Jack, 1985 The Eye in Systemic disease , Butterworths, London
WHO Publications
Low cost spectacle productions
Conjunctivitis of the newborn
Guidelines for programmes for the prevention of blindness
Guide to trachoma control
Management of cataract in primary health care
Methods of assessment of avoidable blindness