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NEW TRENDS IN COMMERCIAL GRAPHICS AT e9 CREATIVE

Sikkim Manipal University 1

CONTENTS

Chapter No.

Topic Name

Page No.

Chap-1 INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING

Chap-2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Chap-3 INDUSTRY PROFILE COMMERCIALGRAPHICS

Chap-4 COMPANY PROFILE OF e9 CREATIVE

Chap-5ANALYSISAND INTERPRETATIONOF

DATA

Chap-6 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

Chap-7 ANNEXURE QUSTIONNAIRE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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INTRODUCTION

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MARKETING

Marketing is an integrated communications-based process through which

individuals and communities are informed or persuaded that existing and

newly-identified needs and wants may be satisfied by the products and services

of others.

Marketing is used to create the customer, to keep the customer and to satisfy

the customer.

Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as the activity, set

of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, andexchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and

society at large. [1] The term developed from the original meaning which referred

literally to going to market, as in shopping, or going to a market to buy or sell

goods or services.

The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as "The management

process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer

requirements profitably.

Marketing practice tended to be seen as a creative industry in the past, which

included advertising, distribution and selling. However, because the academic

study of marketing makes extensive use of social sciences, psychology,

sociology, mathematics, economics, anthropology and neuroscience, the

profession is now widely recognized as a science, allowing numerous

universities to offer Master-of-Science (MSc) programmes. The overall process

starts with marketing research and goes through market segmentation,

business planning and execution, ending with pre and post-sales promotional

activities. It is also related to many of the creative arts. The marketing

literature is also infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to

the times and the culture.

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Seen from a systems point of view, sales process engineering views marketing

as a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other

functions, whose methods can be improved using a variety of relatively new

approaches.

THE MARKETING CONCEPT

The term marketing concept pertains to the fundamental premise of modern

marketing. This concept proposes that in order to satisfy its' organisationalobjectives, an organisation should anticipate the needs and wants of

consumers and satisfy these more effectively than competitors.

MARKETING ORIENTATIONS

An orientation, in the marketing context, relates to a perception or attitude a

firm holds towards its product or service, essentially concerning consumers

and end-users. There exist several common orientations:

PRODUCT ORIENTATION

A firm employing a product orientation is chiefly concerned with the quality of

its own product. A firm would also assume that as long as its product was of a

high standard, people would buy and consume the product.

This works most effectively when the firm has good insights about customersand their needs and desires, as for example in the case of Sony Walkman or

Apple iPod, whether these derive from intuitions or research.

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SALES ORIENTATION

A firm using a sales orientation focuses primarily on the selling/promotion of a

particular product, and not determining new consumer desires as such.

Consequently, this entails simply selling an already existing product, and using

promotion techniques to attain the highest sales possible.

Such an orientation may suit scenarios in which a firm holds dead stock, or

otherwise sells a good that is in high demand, with little likelihood of changes

in consumer tastes diminishing demand.

MARKETING ORIENTATION

The marketing orientation is perhaps the most common orientation used in

contemporary marketing. It involves a firm essentially basing its marketing

plans around the marketing concept, and thus forging products to suit newconsumer tastes.

CUSTOMER ORIENTATION

A firm in the market economy survives by producing goods that persons are

willing and able to buy. Consequently, ascertaining consumer demand is vital

for a firm's future viability and even existence as a going concern.

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ORGANIZATIONAL ORIENTATION

All departments of a firm should be geared to satisfying consumer

wants/needs. In this sense, a firm's marketing department is often seen as of

prime importance within the functional level of an organization.

Information from an organizations marketing department would be used to

guide the actions of other department's within the firm. As an example, a

marketing department could ascertain (via marketing research) that consumers

desired a new type of product, or a new usage for an existing product. With this

in mind, the marketing department would inform the R&D department to

create a prototype of a good/service based on consumers' new desires.

The production department would then start to manufacture the good, while

the marketing department would focus on the promotion, distribution, pricing,

etc. of the product. Additionally, a firm's finance department would be

consulted, with respect to securing appropriate funding for the development,

production and promotion of the product.

Inter-departmental conflicts are possible to occur, should a firm adhere to the

marketing orientation. Production may oppose the installation, support and

servicing of new capital stock, which may be needed to manufacture a new

product. Finance may oppose the required capital expenditure, since it could

undermine a healthy cash flow for the organization.

MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL EXCHANGE

In a transaction in the market economy, a firm gains revenue, which thus leads

to more profits/market share/sales. A consumer on the other hand gains a

need/want that is satisfied, utility, reliability and value for money from the

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purchase of a good. As no one has to buy goods from any one supplier in the

market economy, firms must entice consumers to buy goods with contemporary

marketing ideals.

THE FOUR PS

In the early 1960s, Professor Neil Borden at Harvard Business School identified

a number of company performance actions that can influence the consumer

decision to purchase goods or services. Borden suggested that all those actions

of the company represented a Marketing Mix. Professor E. Jerome McCarthy,

at the Michigan State University in the early 1960s, suggested that the

Marketing Mix contained 4 elements: product, price, place and promotion.

PRODUCT

The product aspects of marketing deal with the specifications of the actual

goods or services, and how it relates to the end-user's needs and wants. The

scope of a product generally includes supporting elements such as warranties,

guarantees, and support.

PRICING

This refers to the process of setting a price for a product, including discounts.

The price need not be monetary; it can simply be what is exchanged for the

product or services, e.g. time, energy, or attention. Methods of setting prices

optimally are in the domain of pricing science.

PLACEMENT (or distribution)

Refers to how the product gets to the customer; for example, point-of-sale

placement or retailing. This third P has also sometimes been called Place,

referring to the channel by which a product or service is sold (e.g. online vs.

retail), which geographic region or industry, to which segment (young adults,

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families, business people), etc. also referring to how the environment in which

the product is sold in can affect sales.

PROMOTION

This includes advertising, sales promotion, including promotional education,

publicity, and personal selling. Branding refers to the various methods of

promoting the product, brand, or company.

These four elements are often referred to as the marketing mix, [4] which a

marketer can use to craft a marketing plan.The four Ps model is most useful when marketing low value consumer

products. Industrial products, services, high value consumer products require

adjustments to this model. Services marketing must account for the unique

nature of services.

Industrial or B2B marketing must account for the long term contractual

agreements that are typical in supply chain transactions. Relationship

marketing attempts to do this by looking at marketing from a long term

relationship perspective rather than individual transactions.

As a counter to this, Morgan, in Riding the Waves of Change (Jossey-Bass,

1988), suggests that one of the greatest limitations of the 4 Ps approach "is that

it unconsciously emphasizes the insideout view (looking from the company

outwards), whereas the essence of marketing should be the outsidein

approach".

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THE MARKETING ENVIRONMENT

The term "marketing environment" relates to all of the factors (whether internal,

external, direct or indirect) that affects a firm's marketing decision-

making/planning. A firm's marketing environment consists of three main

areas, which are:

A. The macro-environment, over which a firm holds little control

B. The micro-environment, over which a firm holds a greater amount

(though not necessarily total) control

C. The internal environment

THE MACRO-ENVIRONMENT

A firm's marketing macro-environment consists of a variety of external factors

that manifest on a large (or macro) scale. These are typically economic, social,

political or technological phenomena. A common method of assessing a firm's

macro-environment is via a PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological,

Legal, Ecological) analysis. Within a PESTLE analysis, a firm would analyse

national political issues, culture and climate, key macroeconomic conditions,

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health and indicators (such as economic growth, inflation, unemployment,

etc.), social trends/attitudes, and the nature of technology's impact on its

society and the business processes within the society.

THE MICRO-ENVIRONMENT

A firm's micro-environment comprises factors pertinent to the firm itself, or

stakeholders closely connected with the firm.

PRODUCT BRANDING

BRAND

A brand is a name, term, design, symbol, or other feature that distinguishes

products and services from competitive offerings. A brand represents the

consumers' experience with an organization, product, or service. A brand is

more than a name, design or symbol. Brand reflects personality of the company

which is organizational culture.

A brand has also been defined as an identifiable entity that makes a specific

value based on promises made and kept either actively or passively.

Branding means creating reference of certain products in mind.

Co-branding involves marketing activity involving two or more products.

MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS

Marketing communications breaks down the strategies involved with marketingmessages into categories based on the goals of each message. There are distinct

stages in converting strangers to customers that govern the communication

medium that should be used.

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PERSONAL SALES

Oral presentation given by a salesperson who approaches individuals or a

group of potential customers:

y Live, interactive relationship

y Personal interest

y Attention and response

y Interesting presentation

y Clear and thorough.

SALES PROMOTION

Short-term incentives to encourage buying of products:

y Instant appeal

y Anxiety to sell

An example is coupons or a sale. People are given an incentive to buy, but this

does not build customer loyalty or encourage future repeat buys. A major

drawback of sales promotion is that it is easily copied by competition. It cannot

be used as a sustainable source of differentiation.

CUSTOMER FOCUS

Many companies today have a customer focus (or market orientation). This

implies that the company focuses its activities and products on consumer

demands. Generally there are three ways of doing this: the customer-driven

approach, the sense of identifying market changes and the product innovation

approach.

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In the consumer-driven approach, consumer wants are the drivers of all

strategic marketing decisions. No strategy is pursued until it passes the test of

consumer research. Every aspect of a market offering, including the nature of

the product itself, is driven by the needs of potential consumers. The starting

point is always the consumer. The rationale for this approach is that there is

no point spending R&D funds developing products that people will not buy.

History attests to many products that were commercial failures in spite of being

technological breakthroughs.

A formal approach to this customer-focused marketing is known as SIVA

(Solution, Information, Value, Access). This system is basically the four Ps

renamed and reworded to provide a customer focus.

The SIVA Model provides a demand/customer centric version alternative to thewell-known 4Ps supply side model (product, price, place, promotion) of

marketing management.

Product

Solution

Promotion Information

Price Value

Placement Access

PRODUCT FOCUS

In a product innovation approach, the company pursues product innovation,

then tries to develop a market for the product. Product innovation drives the

process and marketing research is conducted primarily to ensure that

profitable market segment(s) exist for the innovation. The rationale is that

customers may not know what options will be available to them in the future so

we should not expect them to tell us what they will buy in the future. However,

marketers can aggressively over-pursue product innovation and try to

overcapitalize on a niche. When pursuing a product innovation approach,

marketers must ensure that they have a varied and multi-tiered approach to

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product innovation. It is claimed that if Thomas Edison depended on marketing

research he would have produced larger candles rather than inventing light

bulbs. Many firms, such as research and development focused companies,

successfully focus on product innovation. Many purists doubt whether this is

really a form of marketing orientation at all, because of the ex post status of

consumer research.Some even question whether it is marketing.

yAn emerging area of study and practice concerns internal marketing, or

how employees are trained and managed to deliver the brand in a way

that positively impacts the acquisition and retention of customers

(employer branding).

yDiffusion of innovations research explores how and why people adopt

new products, services and ideas.

yA relatively new form of marketing uses the Internet and is called

Internet marketing or more generally e-marketing, affiliate marketing,

desktop advertising or online marketing. It tries to perfect the

segmentation strategy used in traditional marketing. It targets its

audience more precisely, and is sometimes called personalized marketing

or one-to-one marketing.

yWith consumers' eroding attention span and willingness to give time to

advertising messages, marketers are turning to forms of permission

marketing such as branded content, custom media and reality

marketing.

yThe use of herd behavior in marketing.

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The Economist reported a recent conference in Rome on the subject of the

simulation of adaptive human behavior. It shared mechanisms to increase

impulse buying and get people "to buy more by playing on the herd instinct."

The basic idea is that people will buy more of products that are seen to be

popular, and several feedback mechanisms to get product popularity

information to consumers are mentioned, including smart-cart technology and

the use of Radio Frequency Identification Tag technology. A "swarm-moves"

model was introduced by a Florida Institute of Technology researcher, which is

appealing to supermarkets because it can "increase sales without the need to

give people discounts."

Marketing is also used to promote business' products and is a great way to

promote the business.

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Other recent studies on the "power of social influence" include an "artificial

music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown

songs" (Columbia University, New York); a Japanese chain of convenience

stores which orders its products based on "sales data from department stores

and research companies;" a Massachusetts company exploiting knowledge of

social networking to improve sales; and online retailers who are increasingly

informing consumers about "which products are popular with like-minded

consumers" (e.g., Amazon, eBay).

Advertising

Advertising is a form of communication used to influence individuals to

purchase products or services or support political candidates or ideas.

Frequently it communicates a message that includes the name of the product

or service and how that product or service could potentially benefit the

consumer. Advertising often attempts to persuade potential customers to

purchase or to consume a particular brand of product or service. Modern

advertising developed with the rise of mass production in the late 19th and

early 20th centuries.[1]

Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased consumption of their

products or services through branding, which involves the repetition of an

image or product name in an effort to associate related qualities with the brand

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in the minds of consumers. Different types of media can be used to deliver

these messages, including traditional media such as newspapers, magazines,

television, radio, billboards or direct mail. Advertising may be placed by an

advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization.

Organizations that spend money on advertising promoting items other than a

consumer product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious

organizations and governmental agencies. Non-profit organizations may rely on

free modes of persuasion, such as a public service announcement.

COMMERCIAL ART

Commercial art is a subsector of creative services, and refers to art created for

commercial purposes, primarily advertising.

The skills that are needed to be a good commercial artist are the ability to

organize information, knowledge of fine arts, visualization, originality,

knowledge of media, and ability to communicate well. Usually, the art

department is small; consisting of art directors, perhaps an assistant director,

and a small staff of design and product workers. Because commercial artists

work with a variety of people under sometimes stressful situations, they must

be resilient, efficient, and able to relate well with people.

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Commercial artists normally work standard hours and workdays. Overtime

may be required to finish big projects or to meet unchangeable deadlines in the

news or motion picture media. Vacation, sick leave, health related insurance,

and retirement plans are common benefits for full-time employees. People who

work on a contract usually do not get these benefits.

Commercial art can include many genres of art and categories of art technique,

including:

A. Commercial Character Design

B. Illustration

C. Graphic design

D. Photography

E.

MakeupF. Television commercials

G. Music videos

H. Music videos

I. Animation

J. Computer art

K. Anime

L. Fashion Designer

M. Interior Design

GRAPHICS

The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional

disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation. Various

methods are used to create and combine symbols, images and/or words to

create a visual representation of ideas and messages. A graphic designer may

use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to produce the final

result. Graphic design often refers to both the process (designing) by which the

communication is created and the products (designs) which are generated.

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Common uses of graphic design include magazines, advertisements and

product packaging. For example, a product package might include a logo or

other artwork, organized text and pure design elements such as shapes and

color which unify the piece. Composition is one of the most important features

of graphic design especially when using pre-existing materials or diverse

elements.

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Research methodology

This research work is basically a descriptive research as it involved the study of

NEW TREND OF COMMERCAL GRAPHICS IN MORDEN ERA

Most of the time, it is not possible to examine the whole of the universe.

Naturally drawing conclusions about a large group on the basis of small sample

has become very popular & so this study has also no exception.

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SAMPLE SELECTION & SIZE

Sampling is a systematic approach of selecting a few architects an entire

collection. It is a small specimen area representation of the whole architects.

The sample size was decided to be 30. The data was collected through a sample survey

by using structured questionnaires .

Scope of the Study

Systematic sampling was followed to provide representative samples at different

architects in Bangalore city.

SEVEN STEPS IN RESEARCH DESIGN:

y Identification and selection of research problem

y Prepare a list of information

y Design the data analyzing

y Processing and analyzing data

y Determine a sample size

y Report finalization

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

To know the familiarity of commercial graphics of e9.

To know from how long customers have been using them .

To know where commercial graphics are used frequently .

To know which company they prefer and why .

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Sources of Data

Data can be classified in terms of its nature, design and sources.

1. Primary Data

2. Secondary Data

Primary data

Primary Data is first hand of researcher. The main objective of primary

data to find and valid for solving a problem for this reason researcher collects

the opinion. Intension knowledge and facts of consumers about the

introduction of new brands. The tool used for projects study is questionnaire.

Customers have been invested where is required.

The questionnaire used for this study in highly structural keeping in

mind to get reliable information. It consisted of 9 questions dealing with

various aspects of commercial graphics.

Secondary Data

Secondary data has adopted from reports, journals, magazines, and

textbooks, Internets etc

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INDUSTRY PROFILE

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HISTORY

Both the oldest advertising company in the world and the oldest corporation in

the Western Hemisphere, Smith.Moskowitz began its history as John Smith &

Co., a greengrocer's in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1630.

Even at this early date, our forerunners were staying ahead in a changing

marketplace; in 1632, Smith and his partners began selling advertisements on

the sides of fruits and vegetables.

An early example of this practice, a pumpkin from ca. 1640, bore the slogan:

"REPENT AND YE SHALL BE SAVED. Sincerely, Jos. Whitcomb, Hansom-

Driver for Hire."Among the institutions to take advantage of this unique publicity opportunity

included the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Puritan Church,and Harvard

College, which in its first marketing campaign in 1638 contracted with the

established Smith Co. for a bushel of turnips painted with various letters to

spell out "VERITAS."

By the beginning of the 18th Century, Smith's descendants discovered that it

was more profitable to let other people grow, transport, and market the fruits,

and for Smith & Co. to concentrate purely on crafting and applying the

commercial message. Thus, in 1704, John Smith & Co. exited the greengrocer

space, outsourcing this aspect to the world's first media buyers, and became a

full-time advertising agency as we now know it.

Three hundred and seventy-two years after our beginnings, Smith.Moskowitz is

still a vigorous force in advertising. Just not vegetables.

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THE ADVENT OF PRINTING

During the Tang Dynasty (618906) between the 4th and 7th century A.D.

wood blocks were cut to print on textiles and later to reproduce Buddhist texts.

A Buddhist scripture printed in 868 is the earliest known printed book.

Beginning in the 11th century, longer scrolls and books were produced using

movable type printing making books widely available during the Song dynasty

(9601279).Sometime around 1450, Johann Gutenberg's printing press made

books widely available in Europe. The book design of Aldus Manutius

developed the book structure which would become the foundation of westernpublication design. This era of graphic design is called Humanist or Old Style.

Emergence of the design industry

In late 19th century Europe, especially in the United Kingdom, the movement

began to separate graphic design from fine art. Piet Mondrian is known as the

father of graphic design. He was a fine artist, but his use of grids inspired the

modern grid system used today in advertising, print and web layout.

In 1849, Henry Cole became one of the major forces in design education in

Great Britain, informing the government of the importance of design in his

Journal of Design and Manufactures. He organized the Great Exhibition as a

celebration of modern industrial technology and Victorian design.

From 1891 to 1896 William Morris' Kelmscott Press published books that are

some of the most significant of the graphic design products of the Arts and

Crafts movement, and made a very lucrative business of creating books of great

stylistic refinement and selling them to the wealthy for a premium. Morris

proved that a market existed for works of graphic design in their own right and

helped pioneer the separation of design from production and from fine art. The

work of the Kelmscott Press is characterized by its obsession with historical

styles. This historicism was, however, important as it amounted to the first

significant reaction to the stale state of nineteenth-century graphic design.

Morris' work, along with the rest of the Private Press movement, directly

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influenced Art Nouveau and is indirectly responsible for developments in early

twentieth century graphic design in general.

Twentieth century design

A Boeing 747 Air Force One aircraft. The cyan blue form, the US flag,

presidential seal and the lettering were all designed at different times and

combined in this one final design. Graphic design is applied in virtually every

organization or society. There are virtually no limits to the size and applications

of graphic design.

Who originally coined the term "graphic design" appears to be in dispute. It has

been attributed to Richard Guyatt, the British designer and academic, but

another source suggests William Addison Dwiggins, an American book designer

in the early 20th century

The signage in the London Underground is a classic design example of the

modern era and used a font designed by Edward Johnston in 1916.

In the 1920s, Soviet constructivism applied 'intellectual production' in different

spheres of production. The movement saw individualistic art as useless in

revolutionary Russia and thus moved towards creating objects for utilitarian

purposes. They designed buildings, theater sets, posters, fabrics, clothing,

furniture, logos, menus, etc.

Jan Tschichold codified the principles of modern typography in his 1928 book,New Typography. He later repudiated the philosophy he espoused in this book

as being fascistic, but it remained very influential. Tschichold, Bauhaus

typographers such as Herbert Bayer and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, and El Lissitzky

are the fathers of graphic design as we know it today. They pioneered

production techniques and stylistic devices used throughout the twentieth

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century. The following years saw graphic design in the modern style gain

widespread acceptance and application.

A booming post-World War II American economy established a greater need for

graphic design, mainly advertising and packaging. The emigration of the

German Bauhaus school of design to Chicago in 1937 brought a "mass-

produced" minimalism to America; sparking a wild fire of "modern" architecture

and design. Notable names in mid-century modern design include Adrian

Frutiger, designer of the typefaces Univers and Frutiger; Paul Rand, who, from

the late 1930s until his death in 1996, took the principles of the Bauhaus and

applied them to popular advertising and logo design, helping to create auniquely American approach to European minimalism while becoming one of

the principal pioneers of the subset of graphic design known as corporate

identity; and Josef Mller-Brockmann, who designed posters in a severe yet

accessible manner typical of the 1950s and 1960s era.

APPLICATIONS

From road signs to technical schematics, from interoffice memorandums to

reference manuals, graphic design enhances transfer of knowledge. Readability

is enhanced by improving the visual presentation of text.

Design can also aid in selling a product or idea through effective visual

communication. It is applied to products and elements of company identity like

logos, colors, and text. Together these are defined as branding (see also

advertising). Branding has increasingly become important in the range of

services offered by many graphic designers, alongside corporate identity, and

the terms are often used interchangeably.

Textbooks are designed to present subjects such as geography, science, and

math. These publications have layouts which illustrate theories and diagrams.

A common example of graphics in use to educate is diagrams of human

anatomy. Graphic design is also applied to layout and formatting of educational

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material to make the information more accessible and more readily

understandable.

Graphic design is applied in the entertainment industry in decoration, scenery,

and visual story telling. Other examples of design for entertainment purposes

include novels, comic books, opening credits and closing credits in film, and

programs and props on stage. This could also include artwork used for t-shirts

and other items screenprinted for sale.

From scientific journals to news reporting, the presentation of opinion and

facts is often improved with graphics and thoughtful compositions of visualinformation - known as information design. Newspapers, magazines, blogs,

television and film documentaries may use graphic design to inform and

entertain. With the advent of the web, information designers with experience in

interactive tools such as Adobe Flash are increasingly being used to illustrate

the background to news stories.

SKILLS

A graphic design project may involve the stylization and presentation of existing

text and either preexisting imagery or images developed by the graphic

designer. For example, a newspaper story begins with the journalists and

photojournalists and then becomes the graphic designer's job to organize the

page into a reasonable layout and determine if any other graphic elements

should be required. In a magazine article or advertisement, often the graphic

designer or art director will commission photographers or illustrators to create

original pieces just to be incorporated into the design layout. Contemporary

design practice has been extended to the modern computer, for example in the

use of WYSIWYG user interfaces, often referred to as interactive design, or

multimedia design.

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VISUAL ARTS

Before any graphic elements may be applied to a design, the graphic elements

must be originated by means of visual art skills. These graphics are often (but

not always) developed by a graphic designer. Visual arts include works which

are primarily visual in nature using anything from traditional media, to

photography or computer generated art. Graphic design principles may be

applied to each graphic art element individually as well as to the final

composition.

TYPOGRAPHY

Typography is the art, craft and techniques of type design, modifying type

glyphs, and arranging type. Type glyphs (characters) are created and modified

using a variety of illustration techniques. The arrangement of type is the

selection of typefaces, point size, line length, leading (line spacing) and letter

spacing.

Typography is performed by typesetters, compositors, typographers, graphic

artists, art directors, and clerical workers. Until the Digital Age, typography

was a specialized occupation. Digitization opened up typography to new

generations of visual designers and lay users.

PAGE LAYOUT

Page layout is the part of graphic design that deals in the arrangement and

style treatment of elements (content) on a page. Beginning from early

illuminated pages in hand-copied books of the Middle Ages and proceeding

down to intricate modern magazine and catalog layouts, proper page design

has long been a consideration in printed material. With print media, elements

usually consist of type (text), images (pictures), and occasionally place-holder

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graphics for elements that are not printed with ink such as die/laser cutting,

foil stamping or blind embossing.

INTERFACE DESIGN

Graphic designers are often involved in interface design, such as web design

and software design when end user interactivity is a design consideration of the

layout or interface. Combining visual communication skills with the interactive

communication skills of user interaction and online branding, graphic

designers often work with software developers and web developers to create

both the look and feel of a web site or software application and enhance the

interactive experience of the user or web site visitor. An important aspect ofinterface design is icon design.

PRINTMAKING

Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing on paper and other

materials or surfaces. Except in the case of monotyping, the process is capable

of producing multiples of the same piece, which is called a print. Each piece is

not a copy but an original since it is not a reproduction of another work of art

and is technically known as an impression. Painting or drawing, on the other

hand, create a unique original piece of artwork. Prints are created from a single

original surface, known technically as a matrix. Common types of matrices

include: plates of metal, usually copper or zinc for engraving or etching; stone,

used for lithography; blocks of wood for woodcuts, linoleum for linocuts and

fabric plates for screen-printing. But there are many other kinds, discussed

below. Works printed from a single plate create an edition, in modern times

usually each signed and numbered to form a limited edition. Prints may also be

published in book form, as artist's books. A single print could be the product of

one or multiple techniques.

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CHROMATICS

Chromatics is the field of how eyes perceive color and how to explain and

organize those colors in the printer and on the monitor. The Retina in the eye is

covered by two light-sensitive receptors that are named rods and cones. Rods

are sensitive to light, but not sensitive to color. Cones are the opposite of rods.

They are less sensitive to light, but color can be perceived.

Tools

Examples of graphic design made on a computer, setting out various

possibilities for a Wikimedia Commons project icon.

One may consider the mind to be the most important graphic design tool. Aside

from technology, graphic design requires judgment and creativity. Critical,

observational, quantitative and analytic thinking are required for design

layouts and rendering. If the executor is merely following a solution (e.g.

sketch, script or instructions) provided by another designer (such as an art

director), then the executor is not usually considered the designer.

In addition to making key content decisions, method of presentation (e.g.

arrangement, style, medium) may be equally important to the design. The

layout is produced using external traditional or digital image editing tools.

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Selecting the appropriate development and presentation tools for each project is

critical in how the project will be perceived by its audience.

In the mid 1980s, the arrival of desktop publishing and graphic art software

applications introduced a generation of designers to computer image

manipulation and creation that had previously been manually executed.

Computer graphic design enabled designers to instantly see the effects of

layout or typographic, and to simulate the effects of traditional media without

requiring a lot of space. However, traditional tools such as pencils or markers

are often used to develop ideas even when computers are used for finalization.Indeed, a designer or art director may well hand sketch numerous concepts as

part of the creative process. Some of these sketches may even be shown to a

client for early stage approval, before moving on to develop the idea further

using a computer and graphic design software tools.

Computers are generally considered to be an indispensable tool used in the

graphic design industry. Computers and software applications are generally

seen, by creative professionals, as more effective production tools than

traditional methods. However, some designers continue to use manual and

traditional tools for production, such as Milton Glaser.

New ideas can come by way of experimenting with tools and methods. Some

designers explore ideas using pencil and paper to avoid creating within the

limits of whatever computer fonts, clipart, stock photos, or rendering filters

(e.g. Kai's Power Tools) are available on any particular configuration. Others

use many different mark-making tools and resources from computers to sticks

and mud as a means of inspiring creativity. One of the key features of graphic

design is that it makes a tool out of appropriate image selection in order to

convey meaning.

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COMPUTERS AND THE CREATIVE PROCESS

There is some debate whether computers enhance the creative process of

graphic design. Rapid production from the computer allows many designers to

explore multiple ideas quickly with more detail than what could be achieved by

traditional hand-rendering or paste-up on paper, moving the designer through

the creative process more quickly.] However, being faced with limitless choices

does not help isolate the best design solution and can lead to designers

endlessly iterating without a clear design outcome.

A graphic designer may use sketches to explore multiple or complex ideas

quickly

without the potential distractions of technical difficulties from softwaremalfunctions or learning the software. Hand rendered comps are often used to

get approval of an idea execution before investing time to produce finished

visuals on a computer or in paste-up. The same thumbnail sketches or rough

drafts on paper may be used to rapidly refine and produce the idea on the

computer in a hybrid process. This hybrid process is especially useful in logo

designwhere a software learning curve may detract from a creative thought

process. The traditional-design/computer-production hybrid process may be

used for freeing one's creativity in page layout or image development as well.

Traditional graphic designers employed computer-savvy production artists to

produce their ideas from sketches, without needing to learn the computer skills

themselves. However, this practice has been increasingly less common since

the advent of desktop publishing over 30 years and its integration with graphic

design courses.

OCCUPATIONS

Graphic design career paths cover all ends of the creative spectrum and often

overlap. The main job responsibility of a Graphic Designer is the arrangement

of visual elements in some type of media. The main job titles include graphic

designer, art director, creative director, and the entry level production artist.

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Depending on the industry served, the responsibilities may have different titles

such as "DTP Associate" or "Graphic Artist," but despite changes in title,

graphic design principles remain consistent. The responsibilities may come

from or lead to specialized skills such as illustration, photography or interactive

design.

A graphic designer reports to the art director, creative director, senior media

creative or creative director. As a designer becomes more senior, they may

spend less time designing media and more time leading and directing other

designers on broader creative activities, such as brand development andcorporate identity development. As graphic designers become more senior, they

are often expected to interact more directly with clients

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MURAL

A mural is any piece of artwork painted directly on a wall, ceiling, or other

large permanent surface.

HISTORY

Murals of sorts date to Upper Paleolithic times such as the paintings in the

Chauvet Cave in Ardche department of southern France (around 30.000 BC).Many ancient murals have survived in Egyptian tombs (around 3150 BC the

Minoan palaces (Middle period III of the Neopalatial period, 1700-1600 BC) and

in Pompeii (around 100 BC - AD 79).

In modern times the term became more well-known with the Mexican

"muralista" art movement (Diego Rivera, David Siqueiros, or Jos Orozco).

There are many different styles and techniques. The best-known is probably

fresco, which uses water-soluble paints with a damp lime wash, a rapid use of

the resulting mixture over a large surface, and often in parts (but with a sense

of the whole). The colors lighten as they dry. The marouflage method has also

been used for millennia.

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Murals today are painted in a variety of ways, using oil or water-based media.

The styles can vary from abstract to trompe-l'il (a French term for "fool" or

"trick the eye"). Initiated by the works of mural artists like Graham Rust or

Rainer Maria Latzke in the 1980s, trompe-l'oeil painting has experienced a

renaissance in private and public buildings in Europe. Today, the beauty of a

wall mural has become much more widely available with a technique whereby a

painting or photographic image is transferred to poster paper or canvas which

is then pasted to a wall surface (see wallpaper, Frescography) to give the effect

of either a hand-painted mural or realistic scene.

TECHNIQUE

HISTORICAL MURAL TECHNIQUES

In the history of mural several methods have been used:

A Frescopainting, from the Italian word affresco which derives from the

adjective fresco("fresh"), describes a method, where the paint is applied on

plaster on walls or ceilings. The Buon fresco technique consists of painting in

pigment mixed with water on a thin layer of wet, fresh, lime mortar or plaster

The pigment is then absorbed by the wet plaster; after a number of hours, the

plaster dries and reacts with the air: it is this chemical reaction which fixes the

pigment particles in the plaster. After this the painting stays for a long time up

to centuries in fresh and brilliant colors.

"A Secco" painting is done on dry plaster (secco is "dry" in Italian). The

[[pigments thus require a binding medium, such as egg (tempera), glue or oil to

attach the pigment to the wall.

"Mezzo-fresco", is painted on nearly-dry plaster, which is defined by the

sixteenth-century author Ignacio Pozzo as firm enough not to take a thumb-

print, so that the pigment only penetrates slightly into the plaster. By the end

of the sixteenth century this had largely displaced the buon frescomethod, and

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was used by painters such as Gianbattista Tiepolo or Michelangelo. This

technique had, in reduced form, the advantages ofaseccowork.

Material

In Greco-Roman times mostly encaustic colors ground in a molten beeswax or

resin binder and applied in a hot state was used.

Tempera painting is one of the oldest known methods in mural painting, In

tempera the pigments are bind an albuminous medium such as egg yolk or egg

white and have been diluted in water.

In 16th-century Europe, oil painting on canvas came up as an easier methodfor mural painting. The advantage was, that the artwork could be completed in

the artists studio and later transported to its destination and there attached to

the wall or ceiling. Oil paint can be said to be the least satisfactory medium for

murals, because of its lack of brilliance in colour. Also the pigments are

yellowed by the binder or are easier affected by atmospheric conditions. The

canvas itself is more subject to rapid deterioration then a plaster underground.

MODERN MURAL TECHNIQUES

CAM designed Frescography by Rainer Maria Latzke, digitally printed on

canvas

Nespresso billboard with George Clooney, Madrid (Spain)

The development of digital wide format printers offered new time and cost

effective production methods for printed murals and became an important

alternative to actual, hand-painted murals in the last decade. Already existing

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murals can be photographed and then be reproduced in near-to-original

quality. The disadvantages of pre-fabricated murals are that they are often

mass produced and lack the allure and exclusivity of an original artwork. They

are often not fitted to the individual wall sizes of the client and their personal

ideas or wishes can not be added to the mural, unlike the Frescography

technique, a digital manufacturing method (CAM) invented by Rainer Maria

Latzke.

Digital techniques are also used in advertisement. A "wallscape" is a large

advertisement on or attached to the outside wall of a building. Walls capes can

be painted directly on the wall as a mural, or printed on vinyl and securely

attached to the wall in the manner of a billboard.

Growth

After close to 20% year-on-year growth of advertising for nearly four years,

there is now a great deal of apprehension among media companies about what

2009 holds for ad spends. Four projections from media agencies and research

companies give a wide range of figures. Madison Media has the bleakest

Outlook. In its report with Pitch magazine, the agency said advertising will grow

only by 2% in 2009. GroupM is the most optimistic, projecting a 9% growth in

2009. The FICCI-KPMG report projected a 7.58% growth and a just released

report by Media Partners Asia, a research firm, says advertising will grow 7.2%.

Who do you believe?

We surveyed five CEOs across media platforms whose businesses are heavily

dependent on advertising revenues. We asked them which figure they believed

and why. We also asked them to base their answers on the performance of the

first two months of the year. Heres what they said.

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Ravi Dhariwal, CEO, Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.

Publishes The Times of India and The Economic Times, among others.

I dont really know. If one were to extrapolate the first two months of this year,

then there will be an actual decline, and no growth. It is entirely dependent on

the revival of the economy and if things get better, we will do better. But things

are so volatile right now, I have no way of predicting when there will turn for

the better.

Peter Mukerjea, Founder, INX Media Pvt Ltd.

Broadcasts general entertainment channel 9X and music channel 9XM.

I think 2% growth is an optimistic figure. While brands will continue to be

active in the market space, they will be forced to look at different ways of

spending. The sentiment is really challenged right now and marketing directors

will come under increasing pressure from their boards to cut marketing

spends, so I dont see how they will manage to bring in greater ad spends this

year.

Maheshwar Peri, President, Outlook Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.

Publishes Outlook magazine.

Id go with the lowest figure as of now. Please remember that last year, only

the second half was bad. We had at least six months of good revenues. I think

wed be well off if we can at least hold on to last years figures. We have all

reoriented our cost structures based on the bad months end of last year. Now if

we can maintain last years figures, we would be doing well.

Keertivasan,Business head, HT Music & Entertainment Ltd.

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Broadcasts Fever104 FM radio station.

I think the growth will be somewhere around 5%. Clearly the first half of 2009

will be bad, but im betting that during the second half, consumer demand and

with it, advertising, will pick up.

Dinesh Wadhawan,CEO, Times Internet Ltd.

Runs the portal Indiatimes.com and many other flagship Internet

ptoperties of The Times of India Group.

Id say 5-7% growth. First two quarters will be bad, there is this big phobia

right now, but i think that will change. The second two quarters will be better.

Around August, festival season begins in this country. Spending will increasearound that time

Commercial art

Commercial art is a subsector of creative services, and refers to art created for

commercial purposes, primarily advertising.

The skills that are needed to be a good commercial artist are the ability to

organize information, knowledge of fine arts, visualization, originality,

knowledge of media, and ability to communicate well. Usually, the art

department is small; consisting of art directors, perhaps an assistant director,

and a small staff of design and product workers. Because commercial artists

work with a variety of people under sometimes stressful situations, they must

be resilient, efficient, and able to relate well with people.

GRAPHICS

The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional

disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation. Various

methods are used to create and combine symbols, images and/or words to

create a visual representation of ideas and messages. A graphic designer may

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use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to produce the final

result. Graphic design often refers to both the process (designing) by which the

communication is created and the products (designs) which are generated.

Common uses of graphic design include magazines, advertisements and

product packaging. For example, a product package might include a logo or

other artwork, organized text and pure design elements such as shapesand color

which unify the piece. Composition is one of the most important features of

graphic design especially when using pre-existing materials or diverse elements

Wall Graphics Vinyl wall graphics are inexpensive means of decorating the

walls. The walls which communicates something. These wall graphics are easy

to apply on smooth surfaces and can be used for long term and short term

displays .Special graphic film to ensure easy flawless & bubble free application

saves you time too! Conforms to curves & edges on the wall, enhances visual

appeal without any gaps on the wall Create large wall murals or promotional

graphics at malls, multiplexes, restaurants, office spaces, hotels & showrooms

etc.

GLASS GRAPHICS

Glass Graphics has been sandblasting glass, stone and other materials with a

wide variety of designs, logos and other graphics in both the residential and

commercial markets. For those applications where permanence of

sandblasting is not desired, Glass Graphics can also provide the same design

in applied vinyl and film options.Durable, translucent & transparent self-

adhesive films, We can sandblast, etch, frost and/or carve most any graphic,

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on most any glass, most anywhere. Yes, thats right, not only can we

sandblast glass in our shop, but we also have the unique ability to sandblast

graphics on location as well. With our custom design services we can

reproduce your graphic or logo electronically, manually, or photographically, or

we can custom design that special look or graphic you desire. Additionally, we

also have compiled an archive of our own artwork that may suit your needs.

FLOOR GRAPHICS.

Floor graphics can be used to place team logos and arena lettering permanently

or temporary. Digitally printed floor graphics work great as a way to place

sponsor ads and special event logos for basketball tournaments and other

sporting events

Interior floor surface including waxed vinyl, sealed concrete, marble, terrazzo,

ceramic, laminated & wood finished floors.

FLEET GRAPHICS

Graphic goes on vehicle designed to display ADS and drive around

in a designated area for one advertiser or several advertisers. Fleet graphics are

decals or banners displayed on the sides of vehicles for the purpose of

advertising the fleet owners logo and/or business Fleet graphics are usually

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provided by printers who print and install banners on vehicle, Ads can be any

size. And this is For decoration & short-term promotions

COMPITATERS

3M's wide product portfolio is backed by the guarantee of innovation and

performance that has made 3M popular with millions all over the world. Today,

3M has over a 100 year track record of being one of the most innovative

corporations worldwide. Fact is, half the world's population today enjoys

experiencing at least one of 3M's 50,000 products, either directly or indirectly,

every day. So when you choose 3M, you can rest assured that you have chosen

a company that pursues international standards of quality, reliability andconsistency in every product & service detail, providing customer value like

never before.

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COMPANY PROFILE

CREATING A POSITIVE ENVIRONMEN

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DESIGNING POSITIVE ENVIRONMENT

BACKGROUND

A. Propack Shreiner Pvt. Ltd.,parent company, has successful engagements

with Global clients like Coke, PepsiCo, Airtel, Vodafone, Castrol and Nestle

B. e9 creative leverages its creativity and experience with esteemed clientele

to deliver consistent and quality services and it was started on feb/17/2009.

EXPERIENCED AND SKILLED TEAM

A. Designs professionals trained in prestigious art and design schools

B. Collaborative teamwork ensuring quality products

STATE-OF-ART INFRASTRUCTURE

A. A 12,000 sq. feet plant located at Bangalores heart with advanced

technology

B. This facility has advanced machinery and resources that span across

entire lifecycle of printing- right from designing, prepress to post press finishing

C. With 26 million INR investment, it boasts state of the art technology

which includes

D. High speed large format automatic screen printing machinery with UV

line

E. Large format 4 colour offset machines

F. Large format Inkjet printer

G. Digital Solvent Printer

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CUSTOMIZED OFFERINGS

A. Graphics developed to clients specific requirements

B. Delivery capabilities on various platforms like wall, glass, floor, ceiling,

table tops and front facade of building

COMPANY MISSION

To serve customers with the highest quality graphic communication solutions

and printed products produced precisely to their requirements.

COMPANY VISION

To Create a Positive Environment for all the projects undertaken by us. To

become a leading commercial graphics company in the world. We strive for

excellence in all we do and treat everyone with dignity and respect.

MAKING THE CUSTOMER QUALITY VISION

The following three practices make the foundation in meeting ever-changing

customer requirements.

CUSTOMER COMMITMENT PRACTICE

A. 100% satisfaction is our goal

B. The customer is the final judge

C. We deliver what we promise

D. We use our system to say yes

E. The customer wants to do business with us after we resolve a dispute

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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT & FINANCIAL PRACTICE

A. Our most valued asset is our experienced staff

B. We hire and develop those who take interest in our customers and

business

C. Satisfying our customers and growing the business is the best way to

promote our employees interest and security

D. Investment in our employees results in continuous improvement in our

business.E. We provide excellent long term results for customers, associates,

investors, and vendors.

QUALITY PRACTICE

A. Quality is defined by meeting or exceeding all requirements

B. Doing it right the first time is the lowest cost approach

C. We systematically prevent defects.

D. Production stops until the defect is corrected

E. Empowered employees generate customer quality

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COMPANY STRATEGY

METHODOLOGY

4D Methodology: Perfection Guaranteed

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PRODUCT PROFILE

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NEW TRENDS IN COMMERCIAL GRAPHICS


WALL GRAPHICS We make your walls to communicate

A. Special graphic film to ensure easy flawless & bubble free application

saves you time too!

B. Conforms to curves & edges on the wall, enhances visual appeal without

any gaps on the wall

C. Create large wall murals or promotional graphics at malls, multiplexes,

restaurants, office spaces, hotels & showrooms etc.

D. Avoid mounting/framing on sun-board/wood etc. No more screws!!E. Can be applied on lifts doors, pillars, wooden panels etc.

GLASS GRAPHICS

A. Durable, translucent & transparent self-adhesive films

B. Uniform appearance of etched/sand-blasted glass (Frosted Film)

C. Easy to apply

D. Electronically cut(plotter)

E. Create large, intricate and interesting designs

F. For glass doors, windows & partitions

G. Can be applied on glass, plastic & polycarbonate

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FLOOR GRAPHICS

A. Special graphic film to ensure easy, flawless & bubble free application

saves you time too!

B. Interior floor surface including waxed vinyl, sealed concrete, marble,

terrazzo, ceramic, laminated & wood finished floors.

C. Slip & skid resistant over-laminate

D. Outstanding resistance to dirt and wear from high foot traffic at malls,

multiplexes, lobbies etc.

E. Saves time and waste application. Edge-sealer to prevent vandalismF. Removes cleanly with no adhesive residue

For decoration & short-term promotions

FLEET GRAPHICS

A. Special graphic film to ensure easy, flawless & bubble free application

saves you time too! Applied on smooth surface of vechiles

B. Outstanding resistance to dirt.

C. Removes cleanly with no adhesive residue

D. For decoration & short-term promotions

CLIENTS

y Interior designers and decorators

y Architects

y Graphic designers

y Builders

y Contractors

y Owners

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PRICING

y Wall Graphics-1Sqft = 225

y GLASS GRAPHICS-1Sqft = 180

y FLOOR GRAPHICS-1Sqft=250

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SWOT ANALYSIES

Strength:

y Experienced designers or graphic developers

y Advanced technology machines

y Collaborative team work

y Good quality at less price of the product

y We deliver what we promise

y Enjoys open and effective communication

y Quality is defined by meeting or exceeding all requirements

Weakness:

y The company depends on fully skilled labors

y e9creating is largely dependent on bank loans rather than other sources.

y Concentrated on local market and neglected other parts.

y It has to depend on employs for the procurement .

Opportunities:

y . Efforts are on for reducing the labor cost, which is key element in the

process of sponge manufacture

y Last few months e9creating has given very good performance, so it will

imbibe a new enthusiasm in its employee to do better.

y Less competitors in market

Threats:

y High cost of input labor

y Tight money market situation.

y Obsolescence of existing technology.

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COMPANY STYLE

PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT STYLE

The landscape of management practice is constantly shifting. The autocracy of

pre-fifties management models has long gone, and has been replaced by a

succession of participative management systems more suited to the changing

face of the world and the workplace. Unilateral management is out. Holistic

integration is in. If you still think that to do a job right, you have to do it

yourself; you might have to re-appraise your ideas. Participative ManagementStyle is the here and now.

Organizations now seek to make the most of their employees skills and

experiences; this means involving them in the decision making process in real

terms. Whereas it used to be acceptable to raise an idea up the flagpole, wait

for the salutes (or not) and carry on regardless, the modern manager needs to

actively enlist the ideas and opinions of his or her workforce. In the

Participative Management Style, managers have to invest real responsibility,

and, consequently, real trust in their staff.

The origins of the Participative Management Style can be traced back to the

credo: Total Quality Management. TQM called for (among other things)

employee interaction in the management process, and, accordingly, encouraged

the formation of management committees to discuss and decide upon issues of

importance at an organizational level. The Participative Management Style

takes it further: participation is encouraged throughout the organization.

Decision making is shared between all employees.

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FACTORS SUPPORTING PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP

Team members

A. Are keen to fulfill psychological needs through their work

B. Have the necessary intelligence, experience, and skills

C. Are anxious to contribute, participate in decision making

1. Even when ill- defined and unstructured

D. Have suffient self reliance and self-confidence

E. Identify with the project goals and objectives

PARTICIPATIVE, SUPPORTIVE OR GELLING

A. Bring people to work together as a team

B. Enjoys open and effective communication

C. Encourage ideas and solution

D. To improve quality and productivity

E. Required leaders to share power

F. As well as set boundaries

G. Leaders describes work within broad parameters

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Staff

Internal recruitment and external recruitment.

Internal recruitment

One marketing manager,

Two jr.executive

Two senior designers

One production manager

Fore operator

Finance manager and hr is taken care by propack Shreiner Pvt. Ltd.,

External recruitment

The external recruitment are taken according to the project

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SHARED VISION

To Create a Positive Environment for all the projects undertaken by us. To

become a leading commercial graphics company in the world. We strive for

excellence in all we do and treat everyone with dignity and respect.

Collaborative team work ensures quality.

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SKILLS

CHARACTERISTICS OF GREAT GRAPHIC DESIGNERS

Graphic artists have creative vision and an ability to thing spatially, but also

have solid business and communication skills.

Graphic designers know how to:

LISTEN

First and foremost, graphic designers need to be able to listen. Listen to clients,

the targeted audience, their boss and their subordinates. How else will the

designer understand the message or the product without listening to what the

client needs and wants.

MANAGE TIME EFFECTIVELY

No graphic artist has unlimited amounts of time to create a project. Being able

to stay organized and know how long it takes to finish tasks is a necessary skill

to be able to produce quality designs with a looming deadline.

ATTEND TO DETAILS

The graphic designer is the last line of defense before a project goes to print or

is live online. Projects need to be free of minor flaws to increase the designer's

and the client's integrity and credibility.

SOLVE PROBLEMS

All graphic design projects have obstacles, knowing how to overcome them is

crucial.

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BE FLEXIBLE

Graphic designers will get opportunities to work with various types of

individuals and companies. An ability to cater other people's needs and skill

levels is crucial to working in the fast paced world of graphic design.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MARKETING MANAGERS

A good sales and marketing manager formally needs to possess an MBA degree

and numerous skills. However, an MBA degree alone does not ensure that one

would make a good manager too; the skill set is sometimes more important.

Negotiation, communication and interpersonal skills are a must for a good

sales and marketing manager since marketing and sales is all about winning

people and convincing them.

You do need to have an MBA marketing formally, but if you have sufficient

practical experience and these skills, you are likely to do better than someone

with a degree.

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10 ESSENTIAL MARKETING SKILLS

Marketing is a field adaptable in any economic climate and every company

needs a marketing department. If you are passionate and you want a job in

marketing, see if you have the necessary skills.

Marketing is a field adaptable in any economic climate and every company

needs a marketing department. If you are passionate and you want a job in

marketing, see if you have the necessary skills.

1. LOGICAL WAY OF THINKING, BUT ALSO CREATIVEThe employer expects from you to think clearly, logically and ethically about

the business in general and marketing in particular, whether youre still a

student, you just graduated or have some experience.

2. THE ABILITY TO TAKE DECISIONS IS VITAL FOR A BUSINESS.

When you work in a marketing department, you have to take decisions and use

this ability every day in analyzing problems and solving them.

3. ORAL AND WRITTENCOMMUNICATION

To know how to communicate well both orally and in writing are essential skills

to advance in your career and business. You will have various opportunities to

express your marketing ideas throw oral presentations and written strategies.

4. THE APPLICATION OF THEORETICAL RESOURCES

If you studied in college or in particular marketing theories and solutions, you

must be able to apply theoretical knowledge in real situations. By involving

yourself in projects, you develop the ability to analyze the dimensions of

marketing, whether they are qualitative or quantitative. Also, working on the

project, you have the chance to understand how the marketing can be applied

to various situations and activity areas.

5. PROFESSIONAL DOCUMENTATION

For the success of a business, to know how to do research / documentation is

vital. The tasks of the job will determine you inevitably, to exceed your limits

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and you will need to find more about companies, public, industry or even about

new marketing strategies.

6. THE SCIENCE OF ASKING QUESTIONS

Professionals learn to ask appropriate questions. To know when and what to

ask can help you avoid many problems and, in addition, it helps you move

faster in career. First, ask questions to other colleagues from the department,

in order to develop your marketing knowledge. Second, by asking questions

and receiving answers you become able to face the demands of your job.

7. USE OF TECHNOLOGY

The ability to use technical tools (such as a computer or a video projector) isrequired, no matter the activity field of the company.

8. THE PERSISTENCE.

The success doesnt take place, it is the effect of your interest for the job and

the passion to persist in what you do and get over failure. Passion is an

attitude that can be learned, and the persistence represents an acquired

behavior. Together, those skills will be useful not only in marketing, but in life.

9. WORKING IN A TEAM

Learn to work and share the success with others. The team can be, especially

in marketing, the engine of ingenious ideas. Even if you prefer to work alone,

learn to share with others your tasks and fulfillment.

10. OPTIMAL REPORTING TO THE BOSS

You must know your boss and guess his expectations. Whether he is your boss

directly, either he is a customer; in marketing you must know how to present

the situation and the results.

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SKILLS FOR PRODUCTION MANAGER

Industrial production managers plan, direct, and coordinate the production

activities required to produce the vast array of goods manufactured every year

in the United States. They make sure that production meets output and quality

goals while remaining within budget. Depending on the size of the

manufacturing plant, industrial production managers may oversee the entire

plant or just one area.

Industrial production managers devise methods to use the plants personnel

and capital resources to best meet production goals. They may determinewhich machines will be used, whether new machines need to be purchased,

whether overtime or extra shifts are necessary, and what the sequence of

production will be. They monitor the production run to make sure that it stays

on schedule and correct any problems that may arise.

Part of an industrial production managers job is to come up with ways to make

the production process more efficient. Traditional factory methods, such as

mass assembly lines, have given way to lean production techniques, which

give managers more flexibility. While in a traditional assembly line, each worker

was responsible for only a small portion of the assembly, repeating that task on

every product, lean production employs teams to build and assemble products

in stations or cells, so rather than specializing in a specific task, workers are

capable of performing all jobs within a team. Without the constraints of the

traditional assembly line, industrial production managers can more easily

change production levels and staffing on different product lines to minimize

inventory levels and more quickly react to changing customer demands.

Industrial production managers also monitor product standards and

implement quality control programs. They make sure the finished product

meets a certain level of quality, and if not, they try to find out what the problem

is and find a solution. While traditional quality control programs reacted only

to problems that reached a certain significant level, newer management

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techniques and programs, such as ISO 9000, Total Quality Management (TQM),

or Six Sigma, emphasize continuous quality improvement. If the problem

relates to the quality of work performed in the plant, the manager may

implement better training programs or reorganize the manufacturing process,

often based upon the suggestions of employee teams. If the cause is

substandard materials or parts from outside suppliers, the industrial

production manager may work with the supplier to improve their quality.

WORK ENVIRONMENT

Most industrial production managers divide their time between production

areas and their offices. While in the production area, they must followestablished health and safety practices and wear the required protective

clothing and equipment. The time in the office, which often is located near

production areas, usually is spent meeting with subordinates or other

department managers, analyzing production data, and writing and reviewing

reports.

Many industrial production managers work extended hours, especially when

production deadlines must be met. In 2006, about a third of all workers worked

more than 50 hours a week, on average. In facilities that operate around-the-

clock, managers often work late shifts and may be called at any hour to deal

with emergencies. This could mean going to the plant to resolve the problem,

regardless of the hour, and staying until the situation is under control. Dealing

with production workers as well as superiors when working under the pressure

of production deadlines or emergency situations can be stressful. Corporate

restructuring has eliminated levels of management and support staff, thus

shifting more responsibilities to production managers and compounding this

stress.

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SKILLS OF HR MANAGER

A. Strategic planning,

B. complex problem resolution and general management expertise

C. Outstanding communication and presentation skills.

D. High level of interpersonal skills and integrity;

E. solid team player

F. Creative, forward thinker.

G. Solid team player.

H. coaching and leadership skillsI. Strong presentation and facilitation skills

Personal competence

The personal competencies of an HR practitioner of the future are as equally

important as the technical competencies. An organisation can buy in technical

skills, but a strong HR Practitioner with strong personal skills will apply the

technical data in a pragmatic and realistic way.

The most important personal skill required for an HR practitioner is simple

common sense, and an ability to lead and manage in a pragmatic way that

actually works and is not over-complicated. Being open, firm, fair and realistic

are key interpersonal attributes required by an HR practitioner. The key to the

skill is to develop the acumen about when and how to use their interpersonal

skills for best effect.

It will be key for the HR practitioner of the future to have the confidence to

match their technical skills so that they can feel like - and be seen to be - an

equal player around the boardroom table. Courage to challenge and debate

with senior executives and then take action - is essential if HR strategy is to

both influence and be an integral part of the business strategy.

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Finally, the HR practitioner of the future needs to have a strong sense of

intuition. They must have confidence in their abilities to be able to use and

trust them. They must have the instinct to anticipate what the organisation

needs in the short and longer term, not just react when things happen or when

change is imminent.

SKILL FOR FINANCE MANAGER

Almost every firm, government agency, and other type of organization has one

or more financial managers. Financial managers oversee the preparation offinancial reports, direct investment activities, and implement cash management

strategies. Managers also develop strategies and implement the long-term goals

of their organization.

The duties of financial managers vary with their specific titles, which include

controller, treasurer or finance officer, credit manager, cash manager, risk and

insurance manager, and manager of international banking. Controllers direct

the preparation of financial reports, such as income statements, balance

sheets, and analyses of future earnings or expenses, that summarize and

forecast the organizations financial position. Controllers also are in charge of

preparing special reports required by regulatory authorities. Often, controllers

oversee the accounting, audit, and budget departments. Treasurers and finance

officers direct the organizations budgets to meet its financial goals. They

oversee the investment of funds, manage associated risks, supervise cash

management activities, execute capital-raising strategies to support a firms

expansion, and deal with mergers and acquisitions. Credit managers oversee

the firms issuance of credit, establishing credit-rating criteria, determining

credit ceilings, and monitoring the collections of past-due accounts.

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Financial managers play an increasingly important role in mergers and

consolidations and in global expansion and related financing. These areas

require extensive, specialized knowledge to reduce risks and maximize profit.

Financial managers increasingly are hired on a temporary basis to advise

senior managers on these and other matters. In fact, some small firms contract

out all their accounting and financial functions to companies that provide such

services.

The role of the financial manager, particularly in business, is changing in

response to technological advances that have significantly reduced the amountof time it takes to produce financial reports. Financial managers now perform

more data analy

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