Final ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT report...

Final ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT report

& ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Bulk Drugs Manufacturing Unit

AT

Village Nimbua

Tehsil: Dera Bassi

Dist: Mohali, Punjab

Applicant

M/s SK Solvochem Pvt. Ltd.

SCF-8, First Floor, Sector 19-D, Chandigarh

Study Period: Pre Monsoon Season (Feb. to April 2014)

Environment Consultant

Vardan Environet (QCI/NABET Accredited Sr. No. 158) D-142, Sushant Lok-III, Sector 57

Gurgaon (Haryana) Contact no.- 9810355569

Mail ID: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

M/s. S.K. Solvochem Pvt. Ltd. Village: Nimbua, Tehsil: Dera Bassi Dist: Mohali, Punjab

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ABBREVIATIONS AAQM Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

APCD Air Pollution Control Devices

CM Centimeter

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

dB Decibel

DG Diesel Generator

E East

ECC Emergency Control Centre

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMC Environmental Management Cell

EMP Environmental Management Plan

ENE East Of North- East

EPA Environmental Protection Agencies

ESE East Of South East

ETP Effluent treatment plant

FCC False Colour Composite

GC Gas Chromatography

GIS Geological Information System

GLC Ground level concentration

GPS Global Positioning System

HPLC High pressure Liquid Chromatography

IPA Iso propyl alcohol

IMD Indian Meteorological Department

IRS Indian Remote Sensing Satellite

ISCST Industrial Source Complex, Short Terms

ISO International Organization Of Standardization

ISS Indian Standard Specification

KLD Kilo Litre Per Day

Km Kilometer

KVA Kilo Volt Ampere

KW Kilo Watt

LISS Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor

M Meter

M bgl Meter Below Ground Level

mg Milligram

MoEF & CC Ministry Of Environment , Forest & Climate Change


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mRL Mean Reference Level

MSMEs Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

MT Million Tonne

MTPA Million Tonn s Per Annum

N North

NE North-East

NH National Highway

NNE North Of North-East

NNW North Of North-West

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxides

NTU Naphelo Turbidity Unit

NW North-West

OHSAS Occupational Health & Safety Assessment

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

PPM Part Per Million

Pvt. Private

R&R Rehabilitation & Resettlement

RDS Respirable Dust Sampler

RPM Respirable Particulate Matter

RSPM Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter

SE South- East

SEIAA State Level Environmental Assessment Authority

SO2 Sulphur-di-Oxide

SOI Survey Of India

SOPs Standard Operating Procedures

SPCB State Pollution Control Board

SPM Suspended Particulate Matter

SSE South Of South-East

SSW South Of South-West

STP Sewage Treatment plant

TAC Traffic Advisory Committee

TPA Tone Per Hour

TDS Total Dissolve Solid

TOR Terms Of Reference

TPH Tones Per Hour

TS Total Solid

US EPA United State Environmental Protection Agencies

ug/m3 Micro gram per meter cube

VOC Volatile organic matter


Page | iii

w.e.f. With Effective From

w.r.t. With Reference To

W/W Weight By Weight

WNW West Of North-West

WSW West Of South-West

M/s. S.K. Solvochem Pvt. Ltd. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Village: Nimbua, Tehsil: Dera Bassi Dist: Mohali, Punjab

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Executive Summary

1. INTRODUCTION:-

M/s. S.K. Solvochem Pvt. Ltd. is proposing a new unit & Proposed of chemical products

like at 2-Ethyl Sodium Hexonate , Acelofenac , Cloxacillin Sodium, Ofloxacin ,6-Amino

Pencillanic Acid, Cephalexin Monohydrate, Pentoprazole, Atenolol, Clarithromycin at

Village Nimbua Tehsil Derabassi, Distt. Mohali, Punjab. As per MOEF, GOI Notification

dated 14-09-2006 they are required to have Environmental Clearance of this project

before establishing and also as per schedule of the Notification, the Organic Chemical

Industries are listed at S. No. 5(f) and general condition given in the Notification is

applicable to the unit.

The company has been promoted by Mr. SANDEEP Soi and Mrs.RITU Soi. Mr. Sandeep Soi,

aged 42 years, is doing business in chemicals since 1993. He has done graduation (B.Sc.) in

Non-medical science. He has experience of 19 yrs in this trade. Sandeep Soi is also

running a trading firm M/S Shri Krishna Agencies under his Proprietorship. Mrs. Ritu Soi is

wife of Mr. Sandeep Soi She has done B.A. She is also Director of the company and she

possess marketing experience of 13 years in the same trade.

2. OBLIGATION OF PROJECT:-

The proposed project M/s. S. K. Solvochem Pvt. Ltd aims to manufacture Bulk Drugs & its

drug intermediates.

The present lifestyle diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and

overweight/obesity are the major risk factor for the development of Cardiovascular

diseases (CVD). With rapid economic development and increasing westernization of

lifestyle in past few decades prevalence of those diseases has reached alarming

proportion among Indians in the recent years. Many studies from different Indian States

showed that the prevalence of pre-hypertension in the country is more than 40%

therefore there is high demand of drugs to treat cardiovascular diseases in India.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) provide analgesic and antipyretic (fever-

reducing) effect, and in higher doses anti-flammatory effects, this class of drug is always


2

in demand due to anti-inflammatory effects. Allergies bring more than the misery of a

stuffy nose, watery eyes, and sneezing. If we do not treat allergies, they can aggravate or

lead to other conditions such as asthma and sinusitis.

3. BASELINE SETTING:-

The plant falls in a notified industrial area by Punjab Govt. Prevailing Baseline Conditions

in the study area of 10 km around the unit have been studied. Primary data has been

collected through visits & discussion with local people Secondary data has been taken

from the IMD record for local station. Thus information regarding climatic conditions like

climate, rainfall, humidity, cloudiness, winds etc. are based on IMD data.. Other

information regarding drainage, land use, cropping pattern & demographic structure has

been obtained from the revenue record of Punjab Govt. Details of Forests; Flora & Fauna

have been checked from Forest Dep’t. & site visits.

4. ENVIRONMENTAL BENCH MARK CONDITIONS:-

In order to know the impact of the project on various parameters, it is necessary to know

their existing levels. The anticipated effect of the pollutants from the project, if any, shall

be superimposed on this to assess the final levels as compared to the permissible limits.

Monitoring stations were established at different places within the study area and the

existing levels of various parameters in respect of the following were observed to see

their quality.

I) Ambient Air

II) Ground & Surface water

III) Noise

IV) Soil

It has been seen that all parameters are well within the permissible limits. Demographic,

Socio Economic aspects & Eco Biodiversity angles were also studied & results

documented.


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5. MATERIALS –Raw and Final Materials:-

Raw Material

It is proposed to procure raw materials from the domestic market and certain quantity of

some raw materials can be imported from China or any other country. The mode of

transport will be by Air or Sea for Imported raw materials.

Final Products

The final product will be Bulk Drugs- an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients & its

Intermediates which will transported in India by Rail / Road or Air while the same will be

exported to out-side by Air or Sea.

6. PLANT:-

Total land requirement for the proposed project is 63900 feet2. It provides adequate

space for the following areas of working:-

1. Stores for raw material and finished goods.

2. Production hall

3. Quality Assurance / Control Deptt.

4. Offices

5. Engineering workshop

Open space will be landscaped and trees will be planted in due course of time.

7. WASTE HANDLING TREATMENT:-

HAZARDOUS & SOLID WASTE:-

The solid waste generated from the project will be Hazardous and non- hazardous type,

the hazardous waste will be generated from the process like spent carbon and non-

hazardous waste will be generated from other activities like fuel burning and spent

lubricant from DG sets.

The Hazardous wastes generated from the unit send to NIMBUA which is a Common Storage,

Treatment, & Disposal Facility and approved from PPCB.

AIR POLLUTION:-


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There are no emissions from the process as no gaseous material is generated. All

materials which become vapors during process are condensed through series of

condensers, as all process occur in tightly closed system. However there may be some

secondary emissions due to moving of vehicles which will be controlled through sprinkling

of water.

8. POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES:-

i) AIR POLLUTION:-

DG SET:-There are two DG sets proposed of 250KVA and 125 KVA.As per guidelines of

CPCB/PPCB a stack height of 3.5mt from roof level will be provided to control the

pollutants from the diesel fuel.

ii) WATER POLLUTION:-

During construction / building modification, provision for infra-structural

services including water supply, sewage, drainage facilities and electrification will

be made. The construction site would be provided with suitable sanitation

facilities for the workers to allow proper standards of hygiene. These facilities

would be connected to a septic tank and maintained to ensure minimum impact on

the environment. The total water requirement of proposed site shall be met from

the Tube well supply.

The following measures are suggested to be adopted for efficient water

management in the proposed site:

Rainwater harvesting is recommended.

The sources of sewage water are office toilets and canteen which is disposed

off in to Soak Pit / Septic Tank system.

Reduce and eliminate the water leakages in the pipes, bends, etc.

Recycle the Boiler Condensate / Cooling Water.


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iii ) NOISE POLLUTION:-

There is no noise producing machinery. Thus no noise of significant level shall go outside

the working area which may disturb the general noise environment. DG set installed shall

be noise less type & with canopy.

9. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION MEASURES:-

Impact of the project on various Environmental Factors in the project area has been

checked on short term & long term basis. Short term impacts are during construction

development stage. Long term impacts relate to the operation stage. In both the cases

following factors have been considered.

Ambient Air Quality

Water Quality

Noise Quality

Land use pattern

Demographic & Socio economic pattern

10. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:-

ENVIRONMENTAL

FACTORS

SHORT TERM

(CONSTRUCTION STAGE)

LONG TERM

(OPERATIONAL STAGE)

Ambient Air

Quality

During the construction no air

pollution will be generated. The

development stage impacts will not

be of any significance. Since there is

no point source of air pollution and

the fugitive dust generation will be

suppressed with sprinkling of water,

there will be no effect on this

account.

There is only one source of likely

pollution which is vapors from the

manufacturing process. All the

process are closed circuits as such

emission to the open atmosphere

will be minimum, however, APCD,

will be provided at the exit point to

neutralize the pollutants. So there

will be not any effect on the Air

Environment.


6

Water Quality Requirement of water during

construction is hardly about 1 KLD

which will be consumed. There will

be no discharge outside the unit on

this account. Thus, there will be no

impact of the unit on water

Environment.

During construction / building

modification, provision for

infra-structural services

including water supply, sewage,

drainage facilities and

electrification will be made. The

construction site would be

provided with suitable

sanitation facilities for the

workers to allow proper

standards of hygiene. These

facilities would be connected to a

septic tank and maintained to

ensure minimum impact on the

environment. The total water

requirement of proposed site

shall be met from the Tube well

supply.

Noise Quality Since there is no large scale

machinery, the installation of the

same & movement of vehicles is not

likely to have and significant effect

over the noise environment.

There is no use of noise producing

machinery. DG sets will be

noiseless type with additional

canopy. Noise Environment in the

area thus, will not be affected.

Land Developed land for the unit has

been given to the proponent in the

Industries dept. since no debris

from the unit is thrown on any land;

there will not be any effect on land

The project is coming up in an

existing Industrial land. No new

land is being acquired. Since no

waste is thrown on land, soil

quality in the area will not be


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environment. affected.

Demographic &

Socio economic

pattern

There is not any adverse impact on

the local people of this project

during construction phase.

It does not interfere in the life of

the people in the study area. There

will be no adverse impact on them

due to this project. However, it will

provide some direct & indirect

employment to the local people for

running the plant, maintenance of

machinery, & security etc. This will

have positive effects.

11. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN:-

To achieve the results as per the measures proposed for mitigation of the various

pollutants, the following management practices have been suggested for various factors.

Air Environment

Vehicles shall be checked for their vehicular emissions. Drivers of the vehicles shall be

asked to provide PUC certificates. During operation phase air pollution control devices

shall be provided to neutralize pollutants from process, to keep it within permissible

limits. Tree plantation shall be done along the boundary which will further improve the air

Environment in general.

Water Environment

The fresh water will draw through tube-well. The treated water will also used for

irrigation purpose for the development of green area in the plant.

Noise Environment

‘NO HORN’ signs shall be displayed at prominent places. Vehicle owners will be asked to

maintain them in proper condition. Canopy shall be provided on noiseless types DG sets.

Trees with thick foliage shall be planted all around.

Land Environment


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No wastage from the unit shall be thrown on any land. Requirement of sand and

aggregates during construction shall be obtained from approved vendors.

Solid Waste

There will be no source of solid waste generation in the industry.

Monitoring of various parameters will be done at frequent intervals in the study area, so

as to ensure that no deterioration takes place. The results of the monitoring shall be

documented and watched properly. The frequency of the checking is as under:

S.NO ITEM PARAMETERS TO BE CHECKED

FREQUENCY

1 Ambient Air RSPM, SPM, NOX Silica & SO2

Every Quarter

2 Vehicles PUC Every Quarter

3 Noise Level dB (A) Every Quarter

4 Ground water As per IS:10500 Every Quarter

In order to ensure the implementation of the EMP a structured Environment

Management Cell (EMC) interwoven with the existing management system will be

created. This will include:-

Representative of the management

Process in charge

In charge maintenance Dept.

A representative of Environment consultants.

All actions of the cell shall be documented.

12. COST OF ENVIRONMENT MEASURES:-

The total cost of the pollution control measures in the unit is likely to be Rs. 98.0 Lacs.

Another Rs. 15.0 Lacs per year shall be needed for their maintenance.


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13. EMPLOYMENT GENERATION DUE TO THE PROJECT:-

Direct Employment:

Employment generation has been one of the important objectives of development /

industrialization. Employment growth is a primary economic development goal of most

small communities. More jobs generally mean more residents, more spending at local

businesses, and more tax revenues for local governments. Thus job growth permits the

expansion and improvement of public goods and services, leading to an improved local

quality of life and enhanced prospects for future employment growth. Hence considering

the technicality and complexity involved in the Drug Manufacturing, the staffing and

employment is critical therefore local people will be given employment based on

appropriate knowledge, qualification and expertise.

Proposed Employment Generation in various departments viz.:-

Production Department

Maintenance Department

Quality Control Department

Quality Assurance

Research and Development / IPM

Purchase Department

EHS

Administration

The direct man power required for the project is estimated to about 85. Indirect Employment:

There is lot of places in-which employment generates indirectly:

Transportation and warehousing

Travel & Tourism Sector

Packaging and printing sector

Information Technology

Agency employment

Telecom Sector

Automobile Sector

Courier Sector


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14. CONCLUSION:-

It can be concluded that the proposed project will be beneficial to the local people, state & nation.


INDEX

CHAPTER NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

DRAFT EIA/EMP REPORT

CONTENTS

CHAPTER–I INTRODUCTION 1-9

CHAPTER–II PROJECT DESCRIPTION 10-51

CHAPTER–III DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 52-95

CHAPTER–IV ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT &

MITIGATION 96-102

CHAPTER–V ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 103-107

CHAPTER–VI ADDITIONAL STUDIES 108-179

CHAPTER–VII PROJECT BENEFITS 180-185

CHAPTER–VIII ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 186-197

CHAPTER–IX SUMMARY & CONCLUSION 198-200

CHAPTER–X DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED 201-202

Annexure 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Annexure 2 LETTER FROM MoEF&CC, CHANDIGARH

Annexure 3 HOURLY METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Annexure 4 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET


Table of content

1 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Page No.

1.0 Purpose of the Report 1

1.2 Regulatory Frame Work 1-3

1.3 Identification of the Project and Project Proponent 3

1.3.1 Project Proponent 3

1.3.2 Brief Description of the Nature of Site, Location of the Project 3-5

1.4 Scope of the Study 5-9

2 CHAPTER PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Process Description 10

2.1.1 Project Proponent 10

2.2 Need for the Project 10

2.3 Location of the Project 10-14

2.4 Products 14-15

2.5 Raw Materials 15-17

2.6 Manufacturing Process 17- 34

2.7 Facilities at the Plant 35

2.8 Machinery 35

2.9 Land –Use breakup 36

2.10 Power 36

2.11Water Supply 36-38

2.12 Manpower 38-39

2.13 Transportation of raw material and products 39-45

2.14Waste Handling 45-48

2.14.1 Liquid waste 45-50


2.14.2 Solid waste 50

2.14.3 Hazardous waste 50

2.15 Pollution Control Measures 51

2.15.1 Air Pollution 51

2.15.2 Noise Pollution 51

3. CHAPTER DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 General 52

3.2 Sources of Environmental Data 52-53

3.2.1 Aspect Studied 53

3.2.2 Presentation 53

3.2.3 Study Area at a Glance 53

3.3 Study of the Land Use Pattern of the Project Site 54-58

3.4 Physiography & Hydrology 59

3.4.1 Physiography 59

3.4.2 Hydrogeology 60

3.4.3 Ground Water Resources 60-61

3.4.4 Seismicity of Area 61-62

3.5 Climate 63

3.6 Rainfall 63

3.7 Humidity 64

3.8 Wind Speed/ Direction 64

3.9 Ambient Air Environment 65

3.9.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 65

3.9.2 Air Sampling Program 68

3.9.3 Baseline Data 69

3.10 Noise Environment 73-76

3.10.1 Noise Analysis within the Study Area 73

3.10.2 Result 77

3.11 Soil Environment 78-82


3.11.1 Soil Quality and Characteristics 78

3.12 Water Environment 82-88

3.12.1 Surface Water 82-83

3.12.2 Ground Water 83-84

3.12.3 Result 86-88

3.13 Biological Environment 89

3.13.1 Introduction 89

3.14 Cropping Pattern 89

3.14.1 Cropping Pattern of the Study Area 89-90

3.14.2 Flora 91

3.14.2 Fauna 92

3.15 Socio-Economic Environment 93

3.15.1 Reconnaissance 93

3.15.2 Methodology 94

3.16 Demography 94

3.16.1 Demographic Structure (Based on Census Data 2001) 94

3.17 Conclusion 95

4 CHAPTER ANTICIPATED IMPACT & ITS MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment 96

4.1.1 Construction Phase 96

4.1.2 Operational Phase 97

4.2 Air Environment 97

4.2.1 Construction Phase 98

4.2.2 Operation Phase 98

4.3 Water Environment 99

4.4 Noise Environment 99

4.5 Soil Environment 100

4.6 Biological Environment 100

4.7 Socio-Economic Environment 101


4.8 Land Environment And Aesthetics 101

4.9 Cultural Environment 102

5. CHAPTER ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

5.0 Introduction 103

5.1 Monitoring Points / Locations & Components 103-105

5.2 Monitoring Parameters & Frequency 105

5.3 Monitoring Methodologies 106

5.4 Reporting & Documentation 106

5.5 Budget & Procurement Schedule 107

6. CHAPTER ADDITIONAL STUDIES


6.1 Public Consultation 108-110

6.1.1 Public hearing proceeding minutes 111-122

6.1.1.1 Photographs of the Public Hearing 123-125

6.1.2 Public Attendance Sheet 126-132

6.1.2.1 Issue raised during public hearing 133

6.2 Risk Assessment 134-136

6.3 Disaster Management Plan 136-138

6.3.1 Scope 136

6.3.2 Objective 136

6.4 Emergency Planning 138-139

6.4.1 Emergency Planning for Disaster due to Fire 139-140

6.4.2 Need of Establishing a Fire Fighting Group 140

6.4.3 Inspection 140

6.4.4 Procedure for Extinguishing Fire 140-141

6.4.5 Fire Fighting with Water 141

6.4.6 Sources of Water for Fire Fighting 141

6.4.7 Fire Fighting with Fire Extinguishers 141-142

6.5 Environmental Management Cell 142


6.6 On–Site Emergency Plan 143

6.6.1 Introduction 143

6.6.2 Preparation of Plan 143

6.6.3 Fire Protection System 144-145

6.7 First Aid 145

6.8 Security 145

6.9 Safety 145-151

6.10 Communication Equipments and Alarm Systems 151

6.10.1 Sirens 151

6.10.2 Personal Protective Equipments 152

6.10.3 Procedure for Testing & Updating the Plan 152

6.10.4 Disclosure of Information to Worker & Public Awareness System in

Existence & Anticipated

152

6.11 Off-Site Emergency Plan 152-162

6.12 Checklist in the Form of DO’S & DON’Ts 164-165

6.13 Rain Water Harvesting Plan 165-167

6.14 Air Modelling Report 167-179

7 CHAPTER PROJECT BENEFITS


7.2 Corporate Social Responsibility 181-185

7.3Conclusion 185

8. CHAPTER ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN


8.2 Environment Management Policy 186

8.3 Monitoring and Responsibilities 187-190

8.4 Air Environment 190-191

8.4.1 Flue Gas Emission/Fugitive Emission Control 191

8.5 Water Environment 192

8.6 Land Environment 193


8.7 Solid Waste 193

8.8 Noise and Communication 194

8.8.1 Effective use of landscaping for Noise Control 194

8.9 Green belt development and Afforestation 194-195

8.10 Solvent Management System 196

8.11 Socio-Economic Development Activities 197

8.11.1 Management Plan for Socio-Economic Environment 197

9. CHAPTER SUMMARY & CONCLUSION


9.2 Justification For the Project 198

9.3 Environment Management Plan 198

9.3.1 Air Quality Management 198-199

9.3.2 Water Management 199

9.3.3 Noise Management 199

9.3.4 Solid Waste Management 199

9.3.5 Hazardous Waste Management 199

9.4 Occupational Health & Safety 199

9.5 Plantation Development Programme 200

9.6 Conclusion 200

10. CHAPTER DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

10.1 Disclosure of Consultants Engaged 201-202


List of Figures

Figure 2.1: Location map of the project site 12

Figure 2.2: Layout Plan of the project site 13

Figure 2.3 Location Plan of project site 14

Figure -2.4 Solvent Extraction System 19

Figure 2.5 : Process overview 19

Figure 2.6 : Water balance Chart 38

Figure 2.7 : Scheme of Effluent Treatment 47

Figure 2.8 : Multi Effect Evaporator 47

Figure 2.9 : Reverse Osmosis 48

Figure 3.1 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area (10 km Radius from the project

site)

56

Figure 3.2 FCC Map of the Study Area (10 km Radius from the Project Site) 57

Figure 3.3 Drainage Map of the Study Area 58

Figure 3.4 Seismic map of India 62

Figure 3.5 Wind rose Diagram 64

Figure 3.6: Key Plan of Air Monitoring Stations 67

Figure 3.7 – Graph showing PM10 conc. of the study area 71

Figure 3.8 – Graph showing NO2 conc. of the study area 71

Figure 3.9 – Graph showing SO2 conc. of the study area 72

Figure3.10: Photographs of Ambient Air Monitoring 72-73

Figure 3.11 : Key Plan of Noise level Monitoring Stations 75

Figure 3.12 Photographs of Noise Level Monitoring 76

Figure 3.12 Photographs of Soil Sampling 79

Figure 3.14: Key Plan of Soil Sampling Stations 80

Figure 3.15: Key Plan of Water quality Sampling Stations 85

Figure 3.16 . Photographs of Water quality Sampling 86


Figure 6.1 Photographs Showing Public Hearing Conduction 123-125

Figure 6.2 On-Site Emergency plan 149

Figure 6.3 Off-site Emergency plan 155

Figure 6.4 Gaussian Plume Model 169

Figure 6.5 Spatial distribution of predicted GLC of SO2 (Normal Scenario) 174

Figure 6.6 Spatial distribution of predicted GLC of NOx (Normal Scenario) 175

Figure 6.7 – Spatial distribution of predicted GLCs of PM10 (Normal Scenario) 176

Figure 6.8 – Spatial distribution of predicted GLCs of SO2 (Emergency Scenario) 177

Figure 6.9 – Spatial distribution of predicted GLCs of NOX (Emergency Scenario) 178

Figure 6.10 – Spatial distribution of predicted GLCs of PM10 (Emergency

Scenario)

179

Figure 8.1 –Environmnetal Management Cell 188

Figure 8.2 : Scrubber for Flue Gas Emission/ Fugitive Emission Control 192


List of Tables

Table 1.1 – Brief Description about the project 4-5

Table 2.1- List of Products 14-15

Table 2.2 Land-Use Breakup 36

Table-2.3- Water Consumption Details 37

Table 2.4 Details of raw materials transportation 39-44

Table 2.5 Details of Finished products transportation 44-45

Table-2.6 Waste Water Details 45

Table-2.7 Characteristics of waste water 46

Table-2.8 Treatment flow for effluent as per segregation 50

Table 3.1: Details of Study Area 53

Table 3.2: Land Use Pattern of the Study Area 55

Table 3.3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Sampling Stations 65-66

Table 3.4: Procedures for Determining Various Air Quality Parameters 68

Table 3.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Revised) 69-70

Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results 70-71

Table 3.7: Noise level Monitoring Sampling Stations 74

Table 3.8: Noise level Monitoring Result 77

Table 3.9: CPCB Noise Standards 77

Table 3.10: Soil Monitoring Station Details 78

Table 3.11: Soil Analysis Result 81

Table 3.12 Surface water sampling Stations 82

Table 3.13 Surface water sampling results 82-83

Table 3.14: Ground Water Sampling Stations 84

Table 3.15: Ground Water quality Analysis Result 86-88

Table – 3.16(A) Common Pulses grown in the area 89-90

Table – 3.16 (B) Common vegetables grown in the area 90


Table – 3.16 (C) Common Fruit Trees in the Area 90-91

Table - 3.16 (D) Common Oilseeds Grown in the Area 91

Table – 3.16 (E) Others Crops Grown in the Area 91

Table – 3.17 (A) List of Flora 91-92

Table – 3.17 (B)List of Fauna 92-93

Table 3.18 : Demography (10 km radius of the project site) 94-95

Table 5.1 Post Project Environmental Monitoring Locations 104-105

Table 5.2 Monitoring Parameters & Frequency 105-106

Table 6.1 Main Concerns/Issues Raised During Public Hearing 133

Table 6.2 Details of hazardous Characteristics and toxicity of Raw material and

products to which workers are exposed

159-162

Table No. 6.3: Details of Occupational Health Hazards 163-164

Table No 6.4.: Checklist of Do’s & Don’ts 164-165

Table 6.5 –RWH Details 167

Table 6.6 Dispersion parameters as per stability class (Urban Area) 169

Table 6.7 – Calculation of DG Set Stack Height 171

Table 6.8 – Source Parameter 171

Table 6.9 – Predicted GLC of PM10 at Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

(Normal Scenario)

172


(Emergency Scenario)

172-173

Table no. 7.1- Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP) 182-185

Table 8.1- Cost Details 195

Table 8.2: Details of CSR Activities 197

F. No. J-11011/178/2013- IA II (I) Government of India

Ministry of Environment and Forests (I.A. Division)

Paryavaran Bhawan CGO Complex, Lodhi Road

New Delhi – 110 003

E-mail : [email protected] Telefax : 011: 2436 2875

Dated: 26th September, 2013 To, Shri Sandeep Soi Managing Director M/s S.K.Solvochem Pvt.Ltd. SCF -8, First Floor, Sector 19-D Chandigarh-160019 E-mail:[email protected] ; Fax No.- 0172-5074523 Subject: Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Unit (1500 MTPA) at Khasra No.59/1/2(1-

2), 2(3-14), 3(2-6), Village Nimbua, Tehsil DerraBassi, District Mohali, Punjab by M/s S. K. Solvochem Pvt. Ltd. – regarding TORs

Ref. : Your letter no nil dated 6th May, 2013.

Sir,

Kindly refer your letter dated 6th May, 2013 alongwith project documents including Form-I, Pre-feasibility Report and draft ‘Terms of Reference’ as per the EIA Notification, 2006. It is

noted that proposal is for setting up of Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Unit (1500 MTPA) at Khasra No.59/1/2(1-2), 2(3-14), 3(2-6), Village Nimbua, Tehsil DerraBassi, District Mohali, Punjab by M/s S. K. Solvochem Pvt. Ltd. Following products will be manufactured:

S.N. Products Capacity (MTPA) 1 2-Ethyl sodium hexonate 500 2 Acelofenic 150 3 Cloxacillin sodium 100 4 Ofloxacin 150 5 6-Amino pencillanic acid 150 6 Cephalexin mono-hydrate 100 7 Pentoprozole 50 8 Atenolol 150 9 Clarithromycin 150

2.0 Draft Terms of Reference (TOR) have been discussed and finalized during the 10th Reconstituted Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry) held during 29th July, 2013 to 31st July, 2013 for preparation of EIA/EMP report. Following are the ‘TORs’:

1. Executive summary of the project 2. Justification of the project. 3. Promoters and their back ground. 4. Regulatory framework. 5. A map indicating location of the project and distance from severely polluted area. 6. Project location and plant layout. 7. Infrastructure facilities including power sources. 8. Total cost of the project alongwith total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for

environmental pollution control measures. 9. Project site location alongwith site map of 10 km area and site details providing various

industries, surface water bodies, forests etc. 10. Present land use based on satellite imagery for the study area of 10 km radius. Details

of land availability for the project alongwith supporting document. 11. Location of National Park/Wild life sanctuary/Reserve forest within 10 km radius of the

project. 12. Permission from the State Forest Department regarding the impact of the proposed plant

on the surrounding reserve forests. 13. Details of the total land and break-up of the land use for green belt and other uses. 14. List of products alongwith the production capacities. 15. Detailed list of raw material required and source, mode of storage. 16. Manufacturing process details alongwith the chemical reactions and process flow chart. 17. Action plan for the transportation of raw material and products. 18. Site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind

speed and direction and rainfall is necessary. 19. Ambient air quality monitoring at 6 locations within the study area of 5 km., aerial

coverage from project site as per NAAQES notified on 16th September, 2009. Location of one AAQMS in downwind direction.

20. One season site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall and AAQ data (except monsoon) for PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, NH3 including VOCs shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. Data for water and noise monitoring shall also be included.

21. Details of water and air pollution and its mitigation plan 22. Air pollution control measures proposed for the effective control of gaseous/process

emissions within permissible limits. 23. An action plan prepared by SPCB to control and monitor secondary fugitive emissions

from all the sources. 24. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and assessment of

ground level concentration of pollutants from the stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. Air quality modelling for proposed plant.

25. Name of all the solvents to be used in the process and details of solvent recovery system.

26. Design details of ETP, incinerator, if any alongwith boiler, scrubbers/bag filters etc. 27. Action plan to control ambient air quality as per NAAQS Standards notified by the

Ministry on 16th September, 2009. 28. Permission from CGWA/SGWA for the drawl of 40 m3/day ground water. Water balance

chart including quantity of effluent generated recycled and reused and effluent discharge.

29. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the standard.

30. Zero discharge effluent concepts to be adopted. 31. Ground water quality monitoring minimum at 6 locations shall be carried out. Geological

features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area and ecological status (Terrestrial and Aquatic).

32. The details of solid and hazardous wastes generation, storage, utilization and disposal particularly related to the hazardous waste calorific value of hazardous waste and detailed characteristic of the hazardous waste. Action plan for the disposal of fly ash generated from boiler shall be included.

33. Material Safety Data Sheet for all the Chemicals are being used/will be used. 34. Authorization/Membership for the disposal of solid/hazardous waste in TSDF. 35. Risk assessment for storage for chemicals/solvents. Action plan for handling & safety

system. 36. An action plan to develop green belt in 33 % area. Layout plan for green belt shall be

provided. 37. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be included to harvest

rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water. 38. Details of occupational health programme.

i) To which chemicals, workers are exposed directly or indirectly. ii) Whether these chemicals are within Threshold Limit Values (TLV)/ Permissible

Exposure Levels as per ACGIH recommendation. iii) What measures company have taken to keep these chemicals within PEL/TLV. iv) How the workers are evaluated concerning their exposure to chemicals during pre-

placement and periodical medical monitoring. v) What are onsite and offsite emergency plan during chemical disaster. vi) Liver function tests (LFT) during pre-placement and periodical examination. vii) Details of occupational health surveillance programme.

39. Socio-economic development activities shall be in place. 40. Note on compliance to the recommendations mentioned in the CREP guidelines. 41. Detailed Environment management Plan (EMP) with specific reference to details of air

pollution control system, water & wastewater management, monitoring frequency, responsibility and time bound implementation plan for mitigation measure shall be provided.

42. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle / reuse / recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation.

43. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures.

44. Corporate Environmental Responsibility

(a) Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.

(b) Does the Environmental Policy prescribe for standard operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.

(c )What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions. Details of this system may be given.

(d)Does the company have a system of reporting of non-compliance / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders

or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism should be detailed in the EIA report.

45. Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof.

46. Public hearing issues raised and commitments made by the project proponent on the same should be included separately in EIA/EMP Report in the form of tabular chart with financial budget for complying with the commitments made.

47. A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TORs.

The following general points shall be noted: i. All documents shall be properly indexed, page numbered. ii. Period/date of data collection shall be clearly indicated. iii. Authenticated English translation of all material provided in Regional languages. iv. The letter/application for EC shall quote the MOEF file No. and also attach a copy of the

letter. v. The copy of the letter received from the Ministry shall be also attached as an annexure

to the final EIA-EMP Report. vi. The final EIA-EMP report submitted to the Ministry must incorporate the issues in this

letter. The index of the final EIA-EMP report must indicate the specific chapter and page no. of the EIA-EMP Report.

vii. Certificate of Accreditation issued by the QCI to the environmental consultant shall be included.

3.0 These ‘TORs’ should be considered for the preparation of EIA / EMP report Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Unit (1500 MTPA) at Khasra No.59/1/2(1-2), 2(3-14), 3(2-6), Village Nimbua, Tehsil DerraBassi, District Mohali, Punjab by M/s S. K. Solvochem Pvt. Ltd. in addition to all the relevant information as per the ‘General Structure of EIA’ given in Appendix III and IIIA in the EIA Notification, 2006. The EIA/EMP as per TORs should be submitted to the Chairman, Punjab Pollution Control Board, (PPCB) for public consultation. The PPCB shall conduct the public hearing/public consultation as per the provisions of EIA notification, 2006. 4.0 You are requested to kindly submit the final EIA/EMP prepared as per TORs and incorporating all the issues raised during Public Hearing / Public Consultation to the Ministry for considering the proposal for environmental clearance within 2 years as per the MoEF O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006-IA.II (I) dated 22nd March, 2010. 2 5.0 The consultants involved in the preparation of EIA/EMP report after accreditation with Quality Council of India / National Accreditation Board of Education and Training (QCI/NABET) would need to include a certificate in this regard in the EIA/EMP reports prepared by them and data provided by other Organization(s)/Laboratories including their status of approvals etc.

(V. P. Upadhyay)

Director Copy to: The Chairman Punjab Pollution Control Board Vatavaran Bhawan, Nabha Road,

Patiala, 147001, Punjab, India Phone: 91-175-2215793, 2215802

(V. P. Upadhyay) Director

Project Name: S.K. Solvochem Pvt. Ltd. Village: Nimbua, Tehsil: Dera Bassi Compliance of ToR Dist: Mohali, Punjab

i

COMPLIANCE OF TOR

Point wise compliance of TOR points issued by Ministry of Environment, Forests &

Climate Change, Impact Assessment Division, Government of India, New Delhi vide

letter no. F.NO.J-11011/178/2013-IA-II (I) dated 26th September, 2013 for the

Synthetic Organic manufacturing unit at Village Nimbua, Tehsil DeraBassi, District-

Mohali, Punjab by M/s S.K. Solvochem Pvt. Ltd.

SN Description Reply Page Ref.

1 Executive summary of

the project

Executive Summary of the Project is attached as

Annexure 1. Annexure

1

2 Justification of the

project.

Most of the raw materials are indigenous. Also

there is easy availability of infrastructure, man

power and easy availability of raw materials.

This results in the availability of cheaper

products than imported products. Due to the

above reasons, it will bring revenue to the

state exchequer also.

Detail of same has been given in Chapter 2 of

Final EIA-EMP report.

We have received a letter from MoEF&CC,

Chandigarh regarding status of project. Query

letter along with reply has been attached as

Annexure 2

Page no.

10


ii

3 Promoters and their

back ground.

Details of Project Promoter & their back ground

is given in Chapter 1.

Also, the detail of same has been enclosed in

Chapter 1 of Final EIA-EMP report.

Name of

the Project

M/s S.K. Solvochem Pvt. Ltd.

Name of

Project

Proponent

Mr. Sandeep Soi, Managing Director C/o Solvochem Pvt. Ltd. SCF-8, First Floor, Sector 19-D, Chandigarh

Location of

the Project

Village Nimbua, Tehsil- Derra

Bassi, District Mohali.

Page no. 3

4 Regulatory

framework

Detail of same has been given in Chapter 1 of

Final EIA-EMP report

Page no. 1-

3

5 A map indicating

location of the project

and distance from

severely polluted

area.

Map indicating location of the project and

distance from severely polluted area has been

incorporated in Chapter 2 of Final EIA-EMP

report

Page no.

12

6 Project location and

plant layout.

The proposed project is situated at Village

Nimbua, Tehsil- Derabassi, District -Mohali

(Punjab).Location map and layout plan are

attached in Chapter 2 of Final EIA-EMP report.

Page no.

12-14

7 Infrastructure

facilities including

power sources.

The factory building along with some other

ancillary structures is proposed to be

constructed. It will provide adequate space for

the following areas of working:-

1. Storage for raw material and finished goods.

Page no.

35-36


iii

2. Plant and Machinery

3. Store

4. Offices

5. Toilets

6. Water storage tanks

Open space will be landscaped and trees will be

planted in due course of time.

The power requirement will be 500 KW.

Water will be supplied from existing tube-well

8 Total cost of the

project along with

total capital cost and

recurring cost/annum

for environmental

pollution control

measures.

Total project cost – Rs. 4.5crore

EMP Cost – 98 lakh

Recurring Cost – 50 lakh

Also, the detail of same has been included in

Chapter 8 of EIA-EMP report.

Page no.

195

9 Project site location

along with site map of

10 km area and site

details providing

various industries,

surface water bodies,

forests etc.

All the details regarding project site location

along with site map of 10 km area and site

details has been given in Chapter 3 of EIA-EMP

report

Page no.

85

10 Present land use

based on satellite

imagery for the study

area of 10 km radius.

Present land use based on satellite imagery for

the study area of 10 km radius has been

included in Chapter 3 of EIA-EMP report

Page No.

54-58


iv

Details of land

availability for the

project along with

supporting document.

11 Location of National

Park/Wild life

sanctuary/Reserve

forest within 10 km

radius of the project.

Detail of same has been enclosed in Chapter 1

of Final EIA-EMP report.

Page no.

4-5

12 Permission from the

State Forest

Department regarding

the impact of the

proposed plant on the

surrounding reserve

forests.

There will be no impact on surrounding

premises due to proposed project

--

13 Details of the total

land and break-up of

the land use for green

belt and other uses.

Total land requirement for the proposed

project is 63900 feet2. Out of which 33% will be

used for greenbelt development. Also, the detail

of same has been given in Chapter 2 of Final

EIA-EMP report.

Page No.

36

14 List of products along

with the production

capacities.

The List of products and production capacities

has been enclosed in Chapter 2 of Final EIA-

EMP report.

Page No.

14-15

15

Detailed list of raw

material required and

Detailed list of raw material required and

source, mode of storage has been given in

Page no.

15-17


v

source, mode of

storage.


16 Manufacturing

process details along

with the chemical

reactions and process

flow chart.

Details of manufacturing process details along

with the chemical reactions and process flow

chart has been given in Chapter 2 of EIA-EMP

report.

Page no.

17-34

17 Action plan for the

transportation of raw

material and

products.

Action plan for the transportation of raw

material and products has been given in

Chapter 2 of EIA-EMP report

Page no.

39-45

18 Site-specific micro

meteorological data

using temperature,

relative humidity,

hourly wind speed

and direction and

rainfall is necessary.

Site-specific micro meteorological data along

with wind rose diagram has been given in

chapter 3 of Final EIA-EMP report.

Page No.

63-64

19 Ambient air quality

monitoring at 6

locations within the

study area of 5 km.,

aerial coverage from

project site as per

NAAQES notified on

16th September, 2009.

Location of one

Ambient air quality monitoring at 6 locations

within the study area has been given in Chapter

3 of EIA-EMP report.

Page No.

68-73


vi

AAQMS in downwind

direction.

20 One season site-

specific micro-

meteorological data

using temperature,

relative humidity,

hourly wind speed

and direction and

rainfall and AAQ data

(except monsoon) for

PM10, SO2, NOx, CO,

NH3 including VOCs

shall be collected. The

monitoring stations

shall take into account

the pre-dominant

wind direction,

population zone and

sensitive receptors

including reserved

forests. Data for water

and noise monitoring

shall also be included.

One season site-specific micro-meteorological

data using temperature, relative humidity,

hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall

and AAQ data (except monsoon) for PM10, SO2,

NOx, CO, NH3 including VOCs has been included

in Chapter 3 of EIA-EMP report. Also, the detail

of hourly met data has been enclosed in

Annexure 3 of Final EIA-EMP report.

Page no.

68-88 &

Annexure

3

21 Details of water and

air pollution and its

mitigation plan.

Details of water and air pollution and its

mitigation plan has been included in Chapter 8

of EIA-EMP report.

Page No.

190-193


vii

22 Air pollution control

measures proposed

for the effective

control of

gaseous/process

emissions within

permissible limits.



Page No.

190-191

23 An action plan

prepared by SPCB to

control and monitor

secondary fugitive

emissions from all the

sources.

An action plan to control and monitor

secondary fugitive emissions will be prepared

by SPCB.

--

24 Determination of

atmospheric inversion

level at the project

site and assessment of

ground level

concentration of

pollutants from the

stack emission based

on site-specific

meteorological

features. Air quality

modeling for

proposed plant.

Atmospheric inversion data has been collected

from the nearest meteorological stations.

Assessment of ground level concentration of

pollutants from the stack emissions based on

site-specific meteorological features and

related air quality modeling details are given in

Chapter 6 of Final EIA-EMP repot

Page no.

167-179


viii

25 Name of all the

solvents to be used in

the process and

details of solvent

recovery system.

Name of all solvents to be used in the process

along with solvent recovery system has been

given in Chapter 2 of Final EIA-EMP report

Page no.

17-34

26 Design details of ETP,

incinerator, if any

along with boiler,

scrubbers/bag filters

etc.

Details of same has been given in Chapter 2 of

EIA-EMP report.

Page No.

45-50

27 Action plan to control

ambient air quality as

per NAAQS Standards

notified by the

Ministry on 16th

September, 2009.

All the reactors will be connected to scrubber

for scrubbing of any emission form reactions or

process therof. Detail of same has been given in


Page No.

191-192

28 Permission from

CGWA/SGWA for the

drawl of 40 m3/day

ground water. Water

balance

Chart including

quantity of effluent

generated recycled

and reused and

effluent discharge.

Daily fresh water requirement will be 40 KLD

which will be met through Bore well. SK

Solvochem is in progress of applying for the

permission/NOC for drawl of 40 KLD to the

CGWA, Chandigarh. The plant will be

operational only after getting the require

consent from CGWA.

Total 77KLD of water require to run the plant,

out of which 37 KLD will be recycle and rest 40

KLD will be met through borewell. Details of

same has been given in Chapter 2 of Final EIA-

Page No.

36-38


ix

EMP report.

29 Complete scheme of

effluent treatment.

Characteristics of

untreated and treated

effluent to meet the

standard.

Details of same has been enclosed in Chapter 2


Page No.

47-50

30 Zero discharge

effluent concepts to be

adopted.


of Final EIA-EMP report

Page No.

47-50

31 Ground water quality

monitoring minimum

at 6 locations shall be

carried out. Geological

features and Geo-

hydrological status of

the study area and

ecological status

(Terrestrial and

Aquatic).

Details of ground water quality monitoring at 6

locations has been incorporated in Chapter 3 of

EIA-EMP report

Page No.

83-88


x

32 The details of solid

and hazardous wastes

generation, storage,

utilization and

disposal particularly

related to the

hazardous waste

calorific value of

hazardous waste and

detailed characteristic

of the hazardous

waste. Action plan for

the disposal of fly ash

generated from boiler

shall be included.

The solid waste generated from the project will

be Hazardous and non- hazardous type. The

hazardous waste will be generated from the

process like spent carbon and non- hazardous

waste will be generated from other activities

like fuel burning and spent lubricant from DG

sets.

The Hazardous wastes generated from the unit

send to NIMBUA which is a Common Storage,

Treatment, & Disposal Facility and approved

from PPCB.

There will be no fly ash as coal is not being used

in Boiler.

Also, detail of same has been incorporated in


Page No.

191-193

33 Material Safety Data

Sheet for all the

Chemicals are being

used/will be used.

Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage

& Disposal Facility approved by PPCB

operating at Vill. Nimbua, Dera Bassi, Distt.

Mohali (Operator: M/s Ramky Enviro Engineers

Ltd.) is ~2.5 km from site and memebership

will be taken after installation of industry and

before starting of production. Also material

safety data sheet has been attached as

Annexure 4 to EIA-EMP report.

Annexure

4

34 Authorization/Membe

rship for the disposal

of solid/hazardous

Same will be taken before the production start


xi

waste in TSDF.

35 Risk assessment for

storage for

chemicals/solvents.

Action plan for

handling & safety

system.

Details of Risk assessment for storage for

chemicals/solvents has been given in Chapter 6

of EIA-EMP report.

Page no.

134-136

36 An action plan to

develop green belt in

33 % area. Layout

plan for green belt

shall be provided.

Details of the same has been given in Chapter 2

of EIA-EMP report.

Page No.

13 &36

37 Action plan for

rainwater harvesting

measures at plant site

shall be included to

harvest rainwater

from the roof tops and

storm water drains to

recharge the ground

water.

Detailed rain water harvesting plan has been

given in Chapter 6 of EIA-EMP report.

Page No.

165-167

38 Details of

occupational health

programme.

Details of occupational health programme has

been given in Chapter 8 of EIA-EMP report.

Page no.

194-195

i) To which chemicals,

workers are exposed

Details of same has been given in EIA-EMP

report.

Page no.

159-162


xii

directly or indirectly.

ii) Whether these

chemicals are within

Threshold Limit

Values (TLV)/

Permissible Exposure

Levels as per ACGIH

recommendation.

Yes, all the chemicals are within threshold limit

values/permissible exposure levels as per

ACGIH recommendation

--

iii) What measures

company have taken

to keep these

chemicals within

PEL/TLV.



Page No.

194-195

iv) How the workers are

evaluated concerning

their exposure to

chemicals during pre

placement and

periodical medical

monitoring.


EIA-EMP report.

Page no.

164-165

v) What are onsite and

offsite emergency

plan during chemical

disaster.

Detailed onsite and offsite emergency plan has

been given in Chapter 6 of EIA-EMP report.

Page no.

134-158

vi) Liver function tests

(LFT) during pre-

Same will be done accordingly


xiii

placement and

periodical

examination.

vii

)

Details of

occupational health

surveillance

programme.

Details of same has been incorporated in

Chapter 8 of EIA-EMP report.

Page no.

194-195

39 Socio-economic

development

activities shall be in

place.

The said project will not have any significant

impact on Socio-economic pattern of the

surrounding region. The project shall generate

indirect employment opportunities, which will

contribute to social upliftment of the people in

surrounding area. Also, the detail of same has

been given in Chapter 8 of Final EIA-EMP report.

Page No.

197

40 Note on compliance to

the recommendations

mentioned in the

CREP guidelines.



Page No.

182-185

41 Detailed Environment

management Plan

(EMP) with specific

reference to details of

air pollution control

system, water &

wastewater

management,

monitoring frequency,

Details of Environment management Plan

(EMP) has been given in Chapter 8 of EIA-EMP

report.

Page No.

186-197


xiv

responsibility and

time bound

implementation plan

for mitigation

measure shall be

provided.

42 EMP shall include the

concept of waste-

minimization, recycle

/ reuse / recover

techniques, Energy

conservation, and

natural resource

conservation.


EIA-EMP report.

Page No.

186-197

43 Total capital cost and

recurring cost/annum

for environmental

pollution control

measures.

Total project cost – Rs. 4.5 crore

EMP Cost – 98 lakh

Recurring Cost – 50 lakh

Page no.

195

44 Corporate

Environmental

Responsibility


EIA-EMP report.

Page No.

181-185

(a) Does the company

have a well laid down

Environment Policy

approved by its Board

of Directors? If so, it

Yes policy approved by Managing Director.

Copy of Policy addressing about the

commitment from SK Solvochem regarding the

concern about Environment, Health and Safety

Page No.

181-185


xv

may be detailed in the

EIA report.

of surroundings, employees and organization

has been given in Chapter 7 of Final EIA-EMP

report

(b) Does the

Environmental Policy

prescribe for standard

operating

process/procedures

to bring into focus any

infringement /

deviation / violation

of the environmental

or forest norms /

conditions? If so, it

may be detailed in the

EIA report.

Yes, policy approved by Managing Director.

Copy of policy addressing standard operating

procedures to bring into focus any infringement

/ deviation / violation of the Environmental or

Forest norms / condition has been given in

Chapter 7 of Final EIA-EMP report

181-185

(c) What is the

hierarchical system or

Administrative order

of the company to

deal with the

environmental issues

and for ensuring

compliance with the

EC conditions.

Details of this system

may be given.


EIA-EMP report.

Page no.

188


xvi

(d) Does the company

have a system of

reporting of non-

compliance /

violations of

environmental norms

to the Board of

Directors of the

company and/ or

shareholders or

stakeholders at large?

This reporting

mechanism should be

detailed in the EIA

report.


EIA-EMP report.

Page no.

186-187

45 Any litigation pending

against the project

and/or any

direction/order

passed by any Court

of Law against the

project, if so, details

thereof.

No litigation is pending and no direction has

been passed by any court with regards to the

project.

--

46 Public hearing issues

raised and

commitments made

by the project

proponent on the

Details of same has been attached in Chapter 6

of EIA-EMP report.

Page no.

108-133


xvii

same should be

included separately in

EIA/EMP Report in

the form of tabular

chart with financial

budget for complying

with the

commitments made.


Final EIA/EMP Report Chapter-1

___________________________________________________________________________ Vardan EnviroNet 1

CHAPTER -1

INTRODUCTION

1.0 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

The Indian chemical industry is among the traditional sectors of the country that

play an integral role in the country’s economic development. This sector forms a

part of the basic goods industry and is a critical input for industrial and

agricultural development.

The Indian chemical industry is one of the oldest industries in India and has made

immense contribution to the industrial and agricultural development of India. It

encompasses both large and small-scale units. The fiscal incentives granted to the

smallscale units in the mid-1980s provided the thrust to the growth of Micro,

Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the sector. The chemical industry

serves the needs of sectors such as textiles, pharma, petrochemicals, dyes, leather,

plastics, paper, printing inks and food stuffs, among others.

It is the one of the most diversified industrial sectors and includes basic chemicals

and its products, petrochemicals, fertilizers, paints, gases, pharmaceuticals, dyes,

etc. The sector covers over 70,000 commercial products, and provides the

feedstock to many downstream industries such as finished drugs, dyestuffs, paper,

synthetic rubber, plastics, polyester, paints, pesticides, fertilizers and detergents.

Over the years, the industry has been evolving with a shift towards product

innovation, brand building and environmental friendliness. Besides, customer

focus is gaining significance in the industry.

S.K. Solvochem has proposed to produce bulk drugs at Village- Nimbua, Tehsil

Dera Bassi, Distt. Mohali, Punjab.

1.2 Regulatory Frame Work:

Every anthropogenic activity has some impact on the environment. More often it is

harmful to the environment than benign. Mankind cannot live idle without taking

up activities for their food, security and other needs. Consequently, there is a need

to harmonise developmental activities with the environmental concerns. It is




desirable to ensure that the development options under consideration are

sustainable. In doing so, environmental consequences must be characterized early

in the project cycle and accounted in the project.

To keep the environment congenial for better standard of living, the provisions

have been made in the constitution of India and many enactments have taken

place, so that, industrialization may not have adverse impact on the environment.

There are many Acts / Rules / Notifications issued by MoEF, a few of them are

mentioned below:

1. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

2. Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986

3. Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

4. Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

5. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) notification, dated 14th September

2006

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the important tools to

understand and then to take corrective measures to undo undesirable impacts of

the industry on the environment.

As per the EIA notification dated 14th September 2006, it is mandatory to get the

Environmental Clearance for any new industry or the expansion of the industry

from Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, and New Delhi

depending upon nature and size of the project.

S.K. Solvochem has proposed to produce bulk drugs at Village- Nimbua, Tehsil

Dera Bassi, Distt. Mohali, Punjab over an area of about 63900 feet2. The production

capacity is about 1500 MT/year. As per EIA Notification dated 14th September

2006, this project falls under Category “B” Project or Activity-5 (f), as the project is

located in a notified industrial estate, but it fulfill general condition as mentioned

in EIA notification, 2006 (Punjab- Haryana interstate Boundary within 10 Km of

the project site), therefore this project requires Environmental Clearance from

MoEF, New Delhi under category ‘A’.




As a process of getting Environmental Clearance, Environment Impact Assessment

study is to be conducted and impact due to this proposed project during construction as

well as during operation are to be assessed and adequate mitigation measures are to be

suggested for implementation. So that adverse impacts if any are kept under control and

within the permissible limits.

1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT

1.3.1 Project Proponent

Applicant:

Mr. Sandeep Soi, Managing Director

C/o Solvochem Pvt. Ltd.

SCF-8, First Floor, Sector 19-D

Chandigarh

1.3.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE NATURE OF SITE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

Various advantageous features of the site were the main :

Availability of raw material of proper quality and quantity in abundance

from the nearby sites.

Environmental Consideration such as statutory distance from major roads

and safety distance from nearby villagers, wind direction and speed etc

Good facility for Transportation of raw materials and fuel to the site and

finished product to the markets.

Availability of infrastructure facilities such as water supply, roads and

power.

Availability of social infrastructure and man power.

No wildlife Sanctuary & National Park exist within the study area (10 km

radius).




No Protected forest, Reserve forest, Ecologically sensitive area, National Park,

Biosphere Reserve & Wild Life Sanctuary are found with-in 10 km radius of the

plant site. The site can be located on the Survey of India Topo-sheet no. H43K14,

H43L2.

TABLE No. : 1.1

BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT THE PROJECT

S. NO. Particulars Details

1. Locations

Village Nimbua

Tehsil Dera Bassi

District Mohali

State Punjab

Latitude 30°36’02.49”N

Longitude 76°54’27.92”E

Elevation 381 mts.

2. Land Details

Total Plot Area 63900 feet2

Area for Green Belt Development 33% of the plant area)

3. Cost Details

Cost of the Project Rs 4.5 Crores

Cost on EMP Rs 98 lakh

Recurring Cost of Environment Protection Measures

50 lakh

4. Project Vicinity Details

Nearest National /State Highway NH-22 (6 km)

Nearest Railway Station Chandigarh ( about 20 Km)

Nearest Airport Chandigarh (About 19 km)

Watercourses or other water bodies Ghaggar river, 3.8 Km NW

Dangri River, 8.0 Km NE

5. Environmental Setting

National Parks/ Wild Life Sanctuaries/ Biosphere Reserves/ Reserved / Protected Forest within 10 km radius (Boundary to boundary distance)

Narnaul RF(1.8 km NW) Rasulpur (7.0 W) Bir Kheri PF (3 km) Bir Dadrala PF (4 km) Bir Baqarpura PF (7 km)

Seismic Zone Seismic Zone - IV




Archeological Sites There is no archeological site within 10 kms of the study area.

6. Micro-Meteorology (Study Period: Feb to April 2014)

Temperature Max. 40°C

Min. 6°C

Relative Humidity Min.-23%

Max.-80%

Average Annual Rainfall 1000-1100 mm (average)

Pre-dominant Wind direction NW

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The disciplines covered under the scope of study are prerequisite information of

the site, manufacturing process, effluent generation and its proper disposal,

impacts and management plans. This report has been prepared as per the ToR

Letter issued by MoEF.

The ToR presentation was held on 31.07.2013 before the Expert Appraisal

Committee of MoEF, Govt of India and ToR was issued on 26.09.2013 MoEF vide

letter No. J-11011/178/2013-IA.II (I) for preparation of the Draft Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) Report and Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Executive summary of the project

Justification of the project.

Promoters and their back ground.

Regulatory framework.

Map indicated location of the project and distance from severely polluted area.

Project location and plant layout.

Infrastructure facilities including power sources.

Total cost of the project alongwith total capital cost and recurring cost/annum

for environmental pollution control measures.

Project site location alongwith site map of 10 km area and site details

providing various industries, surface water bodies, forests etc.

Present land use based on satellite imagery for the study area of 10 km radius.

Details of land availability for the project alongwith supporting document.

Location of National Park/Wild life sanctuary/Reserve forest within 10 km

radius of the project.




Permission from the State Forest Department regarding the impact of the

proposed plant on the surrounding reserve forests.

Details of the total land and break-up of the land use for green belt and other

uses.

List of products alongwith the production capacities.

Detailed list of raw material required and source, mode of storage.

Manufacturing process details alongwith the chemical reactions and process

flow chart.

Action plan for the transportation of raw material and products.

Site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity,

hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall is necessary.

Ambient air quality monitoring at 6 locations within the study area of 5 km.,

aerial coverage from project site as per NAAQES notified on 16th September,

2009. Location of one AAQMS in downwind direction.

One season site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature,

relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall and AAQ data

(except monsoon) for PM10,SO2, NOx, CO, NH3 including VOCs shall be

collected. The monitoring stations shall take into account the pre-dominant

wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved

forests. Data for water and noise monitoring shall also be included.

Details of water and air pollution and its mitigation plan

Air pollution control measures proposed for the effective control of

gaseous/process emissions within permissible limits.

An action plan prepared by SPCB to control and monitor secondary fugitive

emissions from all the sources.

Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and

assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the stack

emission based on site-specific meteorological features. Air quality modelling

for proposed plant.

Name of all the solvents to be used in the process and details of solvent

recovery system.




Design details of ETP, incinerator, if any alongwith boiler, scrubbers/bag

filters etc.

Action plan to control ambient air quality as per NAAQS Standards notified by

the Ministry on 16th September, 2009.

Permission from CGWA/SGWA for the drawl of 40 m3/day ground water.

Water balance chart including quantity of effluent generated recycled and

reused and effluent discharge.

Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and

treated effluent to meet the standard.

Zero discharge effluent concepts to be adopted.

Ground water quality monitoring minimum at 6 locations shall be carried out.

Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area and

ecological status (Terrestrial and Aquatic).

The details of solid and hazardous wastes generation, storage, utilization and

disposal particularly related to the hazardous waste calorific value of

hazardous waste and detailed characteristic of the hazardous waste. Action

plan for the disposal of fly ash generated from boiler shall be included.

Material Safety Data Sheet for all the Chemicals are being used/will be used.

Authorization/Membership for the disposal of solid/hazardous waste in TSDF.

Risk assessment for storage for chemicals/solvents. Action plan for handling &

safety system.

An action plan to develop green belt in 33 % area. Layout plan for green belt

shall be provided.

Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be included

to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge

the ground water.

Details of occupational health programme.

i. To which chemicals, workers are exposed directly or indirectly.

ii. Whether these chemicals are within Threshold Limit Values (TLV)/

Permissible Exposure Levels as per ACGIH recommendation.

iii. What measures company have taken to keep these chemicals within

PEL/TLV.




iv. How the workers are evaluated concerning their exposure to chemicals

during pre placement and periodical medical monitoring.

v. What are onsite and offsite emergency plan during chemical disaster.

vi. Liver function tests (LFT) during pre-placement and periodical

examination.

vii. Details of occupational health surveillance programme.

Socio-economic development activities shall be in place.

Note on compliance to the recommendations mentioned in the CREP

guidelines.

Detailed Environment management Plan (EMP) with specific reference to

details of air pollution control system, water & wastewater management,

monitoring frequency, responsibility and time bound implementation plan for

mitigation measure shall be provided.

EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle / reuse /

recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation.

Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution

control measures.

Efforts have been laid down to address each & every aspect of Impact of Project

activity on the environment. All the above points addressed in ToR letter from

MoEF have been incorporated in the Final EIA/EMP Report.

The report has been divided into ten chapters as described below:

Chapter-1 gives information about the project proponent i.e. M/s S.K. Solvochem

Pvt. Ltd. and the proposed project including its location and

justification/importance, brief details around the surrounding area and details

about site selection criteria considered. It also outlines the statutory requirement

of obtaining prior Environment Clearance, steps to be followed for the same and

basic purpose, scope and methodology of EIA study.

Chapter-2 is Project Description and infrastructure facilities incorporating all

industrial and environmental activities of the project proponent for setting up of

the proposed project for the manufacturing of various types of API Bulk Drugs. It




also gives information about manufacturing process and raw materials, sources of

pollution and details of pollution control facilities to be provided i.e. water and

waste water details, air pollution and control system, sludge storage facility, noise

control measures etc.

Chapter-3 is Description of the Environment which includes Base Line

Environment Study giving details about status of air quality, meteorology, water,

noise, land, ecology and socio economic environment of the study area based on

information collected through actual field study or from secondary sources.

Chapter-4 is Identification of Impacts (and its mitigation measures), which

identifies the impacts of various environmental parameters whether beneficial or

deleterious for the construction and operation phase of the project. It also

quantifies significant impacts of the proposed project on various environmental

components for the construction and operation phase of the project.

Chapter-5 is Environmental Monitoring Plan which provides details of monitoring

plan of various environmental parameters as well as its frequency of monitoring.

Chapter-6 is Additional Studies which includes Risk Analysis & Disaster

Management Plan & MSDS.

Chapter-7 is Benefits due to the proposed project.

Chapter-8 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) incorporating measures to be

adopted for mitigation of anticipated adverse impacts, if any safety measures,

post-project monitoring program for environmental parameters, green belt

development etc.

Chapter-9 is the Summary & Conclusion of the proposed Project.

Chapter-10 is profile of consultant engaged for the monitoring and preparation of

EIA report.



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Vardan EnviroNet 10

CHAPTER-2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 PROCESS DESCRIPTION

S.K. Solvochem has proposed to produce bulk drugs at Village- Nimbua, Tehsil Dera

Bassi, Distt. Mohali-, Punjab.

2.1.1 Project Proponent

Applicant:

Mr. Sandeep Soi, Managing Director

C/o Solvochem Pvt. Ltd.

SCF-8, First Floor, Sector 19-D

Chandigarh

2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT

The proposed project is a bulk drug manufacturing project. These bulk drugs are used

in the manufacture of medicines, most of which are life saving drugs. The demand of

such products is tremendous in our country and there is a huge gap in the demand

and supply chain. The market of these products has a fast progressing growth and

there is ample opportunity in indigenous as well as export market.

Most of the raw materials are indigenous. Also there is easy availability of

infrastructure, man power and easy availability of raw materials. This results in the

availability of cheaper products than imported products. Due to above reasons it will

bring revenue to the state exchequer also.

2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

The plant site is at Village- Nimbua, Tehsil Dera Bassi, Distt. Mohali, Punjab. It is on

Chandigarh-Ambala Highway NH-22. It lies near Lat 30°36’02.49”N” East and Long:

76°54’27.92”E and it is at an altitude of about 381 meter above mean sea level. It is

well connected with Mohali, Chandigarh & Zirakpur through well maintained metaled



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Vardan EnviroNet 11

roads. It is about 24 K.M. from Mohali. Chandigarh bus stand is at a distance of about

20 K.M. by road.



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Vardan EnviroNet 12

Fig. 2.1 : Location map of the project site



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Vardan EnviroNet 13

Fig. 2.2 : Layout plan of the project



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Vardan EnviroNet 14

Fig. 2.3 : Location Plan of project site

2.4 PRODUCTS

The Company proposes to Manufacture API Products with proposed Capacity of 1500

MT/Annum. The list of products that are to be manufactured is given below. Either

one or only few products out of list given below will be manufactured at a time

Table 2.1 – List of products

The unit will manufactures following Products:

S.No. Name of the product Quantity

(MTPA)



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Vardan EnviroNet 15

1. 6-Aminopencillin acid 150

2. 2-Ethyl SodiumHexonate Acid 500

3. Aceclofenac 150

4. Cloxacillin Sodium 100

5. Oflaxacin 150

6. Ceflaxin Monohydrate 100

7. Pentaparazole 50

8. Atenolol 150

9. Clarithromycin 150

Total 1500

2.5 RAW MATERIALS

The Raw Materials required for Manufacturing various proposed API Products are

listed below:

1) 2-Ethylhexonic Acid

2) Caustic flakes

3) Toluene

4) Cyclohexane

5) 2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amine]phenylacetic

6) Toluene

7) TEA-Tri ethyl amine

8) Tert.-Butyl-bromoacetate

9) Caustic flakes

10) Potassium iodide

11) Formic Acid

12) Pen-G-K.

13) Ammonium Hydroxide

14) PneG-Amidase enzyme

15) MDC-Methylene chloride

16) Hydrochloric Acid.



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Vardan EnviroNet 16

17) Acetone

18) Methanol.

19) 6-Amino Pencillinic acid


21) CIMC-Cl( 3-(2- chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-carbonyl chloride )

22) Ethyl acetate

23) Sodium chloride

24) Sodium-2-ethyl hexonate

25) Acetone

26) Ofloxacin Q Acid

27) N-Methyl Piperazine

28) Caustic flakes

29) DMSO -Dimthyl sulfoxide

30) Methanol

31) 7- ADCA


33) HMDS( hexamethyldisilazane)

34) P G Dane Salt.

35) Pivaloyl Chloride

36) 2,6-Lutidene

37) Pivalic Acid

38) DMAc-Dimethylacetamide

39) Hydrochloric Acid.

40) Methanol


42) Acetone

43) Acetamide

44) Activated carbon

45) Hyflo

46) 2-Hydroxymethyl-3,4-dimethoxy pyridine hydrochloride


48) Thionyl chloride

49) Sodium Sulphate

50) 2-Mercapto-5-difluoromethoxy benzimidazole

51) Tetra-Butyl ammonium bromide

52) Caustic flakes

53) Sodium hypochlorite

54) Methanol



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Vardan EnviroNet 17

55) Erythromycin-A-9-Oxime

56) 2-methoxy propene


58) Pyridine hydrochloride

59) HMDS( hexamethyldisilazane)

60) Sodium Carbone

61) Sodium Chloride

62) IPA(isopropyl alcohol)

63) DMSO -Dimethyl sulfoxide

64) Cyclohexane

65) Methyl iodide

66) Potassium Hydroxide.

67) Dimethylamine solution

68) Formic Acid

69) Caustic flakes

70) Sodium Metabisulphite

71) PHPA (p-Hydroxyphenyl acetamide)

72) Epichlorohydrin.

73) Methyltridecyl ammonium chloride

74) Acetic Acid

75) Mono iso propyl amine

76) Caustic flakes

77) Acetone

78) IPA(isopropyl alcohol)

2.6 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

The manufacturing process of bulk drugs is a synthetic process and the starting

material for the process is reagent / drug intermediates of the individual bulk drug.

The starting raw materials, drug intermediates are dispensed in a lose container and

subsequently added in the reactor along with all other ingredients, solvents or

filtered potable/dematerialized water to initiate the batch.

The reaction mass are completely mixed and solid materials get dissolved and mixed

with the solvent. Completion of the reaction is confirmed with the help of Thin Layer

Chromatography (TLC). The reaction mass is heated till the distillation starts and



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Vardan EnviroNet 18

subsequently the reflux/distillation continues to complete the condensation/addition

reactions.

The reacted mass is transferred to another reactor and subsequently the solvents like

Iso Propyl Alcohol (IPA)/Ethyl Acetate/Acetone/Mdc etc. are added to extract the

desired intermediates and products. The mixture of the solvents and the

intermediates or products is washed with water to remove the impurities present in

the solutions. The process of extracting the material from the reaction mass is called

Solvent Extraction.

The purified mixture of the solvent and the intermediate products is treated with

Hydrochloric Acid/Sodium hydroxide to get the required pH and to get the Crude

Bulk Drug. The solvent from the purified mixture is distilled and another solvent, in

which product solubility is less, is added. The reaction mass is cooled with the help of

cooling tower and chilled water and subsequently filtered by centrifuging operations.

The solid materials recovered from the centrifuge are called Crude Bulk Drugs.

The Crude Bulk Drugs are filtered to remove all the foreign particles from the

products. The purified materials are the Finished Bulk Drug product. The Finished

Bulk Drugs are dried and subsequently Milling, Sifting, Blending and Packing are

done.



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Vardan EnviroNet 19

Fig. 2.4 : Solvent Recovery System

Fig. 2.5: Process overview



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Vardan EnviroNet 20

Detailed Manufacturing Pocess:

ETHYL SODIUM HEXONATE

Charge 1200 Lt. 2 EHA (2-Ethylhexanoic acid) and in reactor and cool up to 15°C. In

another reactor, charge 100 Lt. of water and add 10 kg of caustic flakes under

stirring, after 30 mts. cool to 20°C. Add caustic flakes in step I and maintain

temperature up to 25°C and check pH 7.5 - 8.0. Filter the reaction mass though

sparkler filters through activated carbon bed. After filtration, collect the filtrate add

toluene and recover solvent and water under vacuum distillation up to viscous slurry.

After crystallization, centrifuge the titled product and dry under nitrogen.

Raw material: 2-Ethyl hexaonic Acid, Caustic Flakes, Activated Carbon, Hyflo

Supercel, toluene.

OOH

NaOH+

sodium hydroxide2-ethylhexanoic acid

Molecular Weight: 144 Molecular Weight: 40

OONa

sodium 2-ethylhexanoate

Molecular Weight: 166

+

H2O

water

MolecularWeight: 18.0

TOTAL----------------284 TOTAL----------------284

ACELOFENAC

2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amine]phenylacetic Acid was suspended in toluene at room

temperature followed by addition of triethylamine and the mixture was stirred until a

clear solution obtained. A solution of tert.-Butyl-bromoacetate was added into the

reaction mass and the mixture was heated to 40-60°C. After reaction time of 3-4 hours,

the mixture was basified with 30% sodium hydroxide solution. The phases were

separated and the organic layer was washed with water. The organic solvent was



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Vardan EnviroNet 21

removed and formic acid was added. The mixture was stirred at 50-60°C, cooled to room

temperature and diluted with water. The precipitated product-Aceclofenac was filtered

off and purified with toluene.

2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic acid

O

OHNH

Cl

Cl

+

Triethyl amine

N +

tert-butyl-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amine]phenylacetoxyacetate

OO

O

OHN

Cl

Cl

NaOH

Triethyl amine

N+ +

Sodium Bromide

Na+Br-


M. Weight: 101 M. Weight: 103

+

Water

HOH


Total-----------------------632

tert-Butylbromoacetate,

O

OBr


sodium hydroxide


Stage1:Prep. Of tert-butyl-2-[(2,6- dichlorophenyl)amine]phenylacetoxyacetate

Stage1: Preparation Of Acelofenac

tert-butyl-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amine] phenylacetoxyacetate

OO

O

OHN

Cl

Cl


+ HCOOH

+H

OH

OHO

O

OHN

Cl

Cl

+ OH

Acelofenac 2-methylpropan-2-ol

Molecular Weight: 18 Molecular Weight: 354 Molecular Weight: 74

Total----------428 Total----------428

water

+

Total-----------------------632



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Vardan EnviroNet 22

6-AMINO PENCILLANIC ACID (6-APA)

Charge DM water 100 lt at the room temp followed by addition of PenG-K, stir for 20

minutes to dissolve to get the clear solution, transfer the reaction mass to another reactor

having PneG-Amidase enzyme with auto control pH system with dilute aq. ammonia

solution, The reaction mass is stir at pH 7.5-8.0 with continuous addition of aq. ammonia

solution till stable pH. The reaction mass is filtered to remove Enzyme followed by addition

of MDC and hydrochloric acid. Separate the organic layer into collector and the remaining

solution is crystallized with hydrochloric acid pH 4.2; the precipitated product is

centrifuge, wash with water and aq. acetone. Unload the wet cake and dry in tray dryer at

40-50°C.



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Vardan EnviroNet 23

6- amino penicillanic acid

N

HS

O

OOH

H2N

N

HS

O

OOK

HN

O

+

OH

O

Pen G-K

2-phenylacetic acid

Pen-Amidase Enzyme

+ KCl + NH4Cl

potassium chloride Ammnium chloride

+ NH4OH + HCl

ammonium hydroxde hydrogen chloride


Molecular Weight: 216 Molecular Weight: 136 Molecular Wt: 74.5 Molecular Wt: 53.5

TOTAL----------------498

TOTAL----------------498

+ H2O

18

+ H2O

18

2

PREPARATION OF 6-APA

water

water

CLOXACILLIN SODIUM

6-Aminopenicillanic acid (30 Kg) was dissolved in ammonium hydroxide (26-27 Lt.) and

pH was adjusted to 7.0-9.0.This solution was added to the another reactor a solution of 3-

(2- chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-carbonyl chloride (37.7 Kg) in ethyl acetate and

the pH was maintained to be around 2.0-2.3. Common salt (1 0.0 Kg) was added with

constant stirring and the layers were allowed to settle. Organic layers were separated and

the combined extracts were then washed with brine followed by addition of sodium-2-

ethyl hexanoate (59.0-63.0 Kg) while maintaining the pH at7.8-8.1 . The solution was then



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Vardan EnviroNet 24

subject to filtration and washed with organic solvent under reduced pressure and nitrogen

gas atmosphere. The wet precipitate was then subject to vacuum drying to yield sodium

salt of 6-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1 ,2- oxazole-4-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-

oxo-4-thia-1 -azabicyclo[3.2 ]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (cloxacillin sodium).

6-Aminopenicillanic acid

N

HS

O

OOH

H2N

+

3-(2- chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-carbonyl chloride

O

ONCl

Cl

+ NH4OH

Amm.hydroxide

Sodium 2- EH

ONaO

+ + HCl

hydrogen chloride

N

HS

O

OONa

NH

O

ON

Cl+

OHO

+ NH4Cl H2O+

cloxacillin sodium 2- Ethyl hexanoic Acid Amm.Chloride

Water

Molecular Weight: 216 Molecular Weight: 256 M. Weight: 70 M. Weight: 166 Molecular Weight: 36

Molecular Weight: 457.5 Molecular Weight: 144 Molecular Weight: 107 M. Wt: 36

2x

2x

2x

Total----------------------------------744.5

Total----------------------------------744.5

OFLOXACIN

9,10-Difluoro-3-methyl-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido-[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-

6-carboxylic acid i.e. Ofloxacin Q Acid undergo condensation with N-



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Vardan EnviroNet 25

Methylpiperazine in a mixture of organic solvent at 100-140°C to give Ofloxacin

after recovery of all the solvents. The Ofloxacin slurry is centrifuged washed with

Organic solvent.The wet crystals are dried in a drier at 110-115° C to the desired

l imit of LOD to not more than 0.2 % value to yield Ofloxacin. The product so

obtained is pulverized, sieved, blended and packed in a double layered

polyethylene bag, which is further, placed in a HDPE drum. Each HDPE drum is

identified by fixing label on the container.

Ofloxa-Q-Acid

ON

O

HO

O

F

F+ KOH +

NH

N

ON

O

HO

O

N

F

+ KF

potassium hydroxide 1-methylpiperazine

potassium fluorideOfloxacin



+ H2O

Water


N

DMSO

TOTAL--------------------------------437

TOTAL--------------------------------437



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Vardan EnviroNet 26

CEPHALEXIN MONOHYDRATE Part A. Silylation

A silylation mixture of 50 parts by weight of 7-ADCA, 200 parts of methylene chloride

and 40 parts of hexamethyldisilazane was refluxed for one hour. One hundred parts of

distillate was collected. The solution was cooled to room temperature.

7-ADCA

ON

SH

O OH

H2N

Hexamethyldisilazane

SiHN

Si

+

ON

SH

O O

HNSi

Si

+ NH3

silylated7-ADCA Ammonia

Molecular Weight: 214 Molecular Weight: 161 Molecular Weight: 358 Molecular Wt: 17

Total------------------------------345 Total-----------------------------345

Part B. Preparation of the Mixed Anhydride

A mixture of 77.8 parts by weight of D-(alpha)-phenylglycine Dane salt potassium ethyl

ester, 90 parts of methylene chloride, 1.7 parts of 2,6-lutidine and 10 parts of

dimethylacetamide was cooled to -30° C. At this time 30.9 parts of pivaloyl chloride were

added and the temperature was allowed to rise to about -15° to -10° C. and held there for

1.5 hours. The resultant anhydride mixture was then cooled to -60° C.



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Vardan EnviroNet 27

HN

O

O

Dane salt

KOO


+ COCl

pivaloyl chloride


HN

O

O

OO

O

+KCl

Mixed Anhydride Potassium Chloride


Total------422 Total------422

PART C. Condensation and Hydrolysis The silylation product and mixed anhydride as obtained above were combined slowly over

30 minutes, allowing the temperature to increase to about -40° C. to -45° C. and maintained

there for about 2 hours.25 Parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added and then 200

parts of water. The temperature was held at 0° to -5° C. for 0.5 hour and the mixture

separated.

Part D. Crystallization The aqueous layer was diluted with methanol and the pH brought to at 5.5 to 6.0. with

25% by aq. ammonia solution. The mixture was seeded and crystallization began at 20° to

25° C. maintain the pH at 5.5 to 6.0 for another2 hour. The slurry was cooled to 0° to 5° C.

and filtered. The cake was washed with very dilute aq. methanol, unload the wet cake and

dried in VTD. Cephalexin monohydrate was obtained in 82.9% yield (70.7 parts by weight).



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Vardan EnviroNet 28

ON

SH

O O

HNSi

Si

silylated7-ADCA


HN

O

O

OO

O

Mixed Anhydride


+

ON

SH

O OH

HN

O+ COOH

H2N +

ETHYL ACETOACETATE

OO

O

CEPALEXIN Pivlic acid

Molecular Wt: 347 M. Wt: 102 M. Wt: 130

2x H2O

+

Hexamethyldisiloxane

SiO

Si


+

Water


Total-----------------------------------741

Total-----------------------------------741

PENTAPRAZOL

2-Hydroxymethyl-3,4-dimethoxy pyridine hydrochloride (45.8 Kg) was taken in

dichloromethane (300 Lt.). Thionyl chloride (30.3 Kg.) was added at about 0 to 50C and

reaction mass was further stirred at 10 - 15°C for 1 hour. After reaction completion,

purified water (100 Lt) was added maintaining the reaction temperature between 15 - 20°

C.



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Vardan EnviroNet 29

2-Hydroxymethyl-3,4-dimethoxy pyridinehydrochloride

NOH

O

O

.HCl

+

Thionyl c hloride

SO

ClCl

NCl

O

O

.HCl

+ SO2 + HCl

2-(chloromethyl)-3,4-dimethoxypyridine

sulfur dioxide hydrogenchloride

M.Wt: 36.5M.Wt: 64M.Wt: 224M. Weight: 119M. Weight: 205.5

Total------324.5 Total--------324.5

To this reaction mass, 2-mercapto-5-difluoromethoxy benzimidazole (50 Kg) and tetra

butyl ammonium bromide (2 Kg) were added. The contents were cooled to 10° C and pH of

the reaction mass was adjusted to 10 - 11 using aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (30%

solution) and the contents were stirred at 25 - 30° C for 12 hours. After completion of the

reaction, dichloromethane layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with

dichloromethane (60 Lt) twice. The combined organic layer was washed with purified

water (150 ltl) twice.



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Vardan EnviroNet 30

NCl

O

O

.HCl

2-(chloromethyl)-3,4-dimethoxypyridine

M.Wt: 224

+

2-mercapto 5-difluoromethoxy benzimidazole

N

HN

OCHF2

HS

M. Wt: 216

N

OO

N

HN

OCHF2

S+ 2XNaOH

Caustic

M.Wt: 80

+ 2NaCl +2H2O

Int.

M. Wt: 367 M.Wt: 36M.Wt:117

Total----------520 Total----------520

Salt Water

The combined organic layer was washed with purified water (150 ltl) and cooled to 0° C,

3.5% aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution (464 Kg ) having sodium hydroxide content of

2.1% was added to the reaction mass, and maintained at 5 - 8° C for about 6 hours. After

the completion of the reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 0 to 5° C and the resulting

solid was filtered and washed and dried under vacuum at 35-400C to give Pentaprazole

Sodium (72 Kg).

N

O

O

N

HN

OCHF2

S

sodiumhypochlorite

Na+Cl O-

Int.

M. Wt: 367

+ + NaOH

Caustic

M. Wt: 74.5 M. Wt: 40

N

O

O

N

NaN

OCHF2

SO

+ NaCl + H2O

PENTAPRAZOLE-Na Salt water

M.Wt:58.5 Mw: 18M.Wt:405

Total----------481.5 Total----------481.5



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Vardan EnviroNet 31

CLARITHROMYCIN

2',4"-O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-erythromycin-A-9[O-(l-methoxy-l-methylethyl)oxime

To a solution of 80 Kg (106.8 mole) of Erythromycin-A-9-Oxime in 400 Ltr of

dichloromethane is added 38.50 Kg of 2-methoxy propene at 100C temperature 19.25 Kg

(166.6 mole) of pyridine hydrochloride is added under stirring and the reaction mixture is

stirred at 8 to 12° C for 6 hours then to it is added 19.30 Kg (119.5 mole) of HMDS and

stirring is continued for 12 to 15 hours at 15° to 18°C temperature. After completion of

reaction, 400 Ltr of saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution is added and the mixture

is stirred thoroughly at room temperature. Aqueous layer is further extracted with fresh

DCM (100 Ltr). Both DCM extracts are mixed together and washed with water (200 Ltr)

followed by brine solution (200 Ltr). The solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure. To

the obtained crude solid mass is charged isopropyl alcohol (240 Ltr) and distilled out 80

Ltr of isopropyl alcohol. To the reaction mixture 160 Ltr of water is charged and stirring

continued at room temperature for 1 hour. Solid crystalline product obtained is centrifuged

and dried at 60° to 650C for 8 hours under vacuum to give 85 Kg of title compound.

2',4"-O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-erythromycin- A-9[O-(l-methoxy-l-methylethyl)oxime

6-O-Methyl erythromycin-9-Oxime

To a solution of 80 Kg of 2',4"-O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-erythromycin-A- 9-[O-(l-methoxy

methyl ethyl)Oxime] in 1200 Ltr of a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and cyclohexane are



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Vardan EnviroNet 32

added methyl iodide (20.62 Kg, 145.2 mole) and 6.48 Kg (98.35 mole) of 85 % potassium

hydroxide powder and the reaction mixture is stirred for 90 minutes at room temperature.

To the reaction mass is added 53 Kg of 40 % dimethylamine solution and stirring is

continued for 1 hour organic layer is separated and DMSO layer is further extracted with

fresh cyclohexane (200 Ltr). Combined organic layer is washed with water and

concentrated in vacuum. To the obtained semi solid mass 330 Ltr of isopropyl alcohol is

charged and then distilled out 165 Ltr of isopropyl alcohol. To the obtained slurry 165 Ltr

of water and 21.71 Kg formic acid (99%) are added and the mixture is stirred at room

temperature for 30 minutes. 622 Ltr of water is added to the reaction mixture and pH is

adjusted between 10.5 and 11.5 with 25 % aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Solid

compound obtained is centrifuged and wet cake is kept as such for further reaction on the

basis of moisture content. Wet weight = 95 Kg, Moisture Content = 33 %, Dried weight = 62

Kg

2',4"-O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-erythromycin- 6-O-Methyl erythromycin-9-Oxime A-9[O-(l-methoxy-l-methylethyl)oxime

Clarithromycin

62 Kg of 6-O-Methyl erythromycin-9-Oxime is charged into a mixture of 434 Ltr. of

isopropyl alcohol and water (1: 1) and to it is added 38.80 Kg of sodium metabisulphite

(203 mole) and then the mixture is heated to reflux for 6 to 8 hours. To the reaction

mixture is charged water (620 Ltr) at ambient temperature and then the mixture is



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Vardan EnviroNet 33

adjusted to pH about 10.5 to 11.5 by adding 25% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and

stirred for further 1 hour. White solid crude product is centrifuged, washed with water

(300 Ltr), dried at 65° to 750C for 8 hours to give 40 Kg of crude product which on re-

crystallization with chloroform isopropyl alcohol mixture provided 20 Kg of pure

Clarithromycin.

6-O-Methyl erythromycin-9-Oxime Clarithromycin

ATENOLOL PREPARATION OF EPOXIDE INTERMEDIATES A reaction mixture containing 100 kg of p-hydroxyphenyl acetamide, 500 lt of

epichlorohydrin and 5 kg of methyltridecyl ammonium chloride was heated to a

temperature of 90° C. and maintained there for three hours. After completion of reaction,

the reaction mixture was then cooled and 500 lt of water was added to crystallize the

product. After filtration and drying, the final product contained 109 kg of epoxide

intermediates.



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Vardan EnviroNet 34

p-Hydroxy Phenylacetamide

O NH

OH

+

EPICHLOROHYDRIN

Cl O

O NH

O O

+ HCl

Epoxide Int. Hydrogen Cl

Molecular Weight: 151 Molecular Weight: 92.5 Molecular Weight: 207 M.Weight: 36.5

Total----------------243.5 Total----------------243.5

PREPARATION OF ATENOLOL A reaction mixture containing the epoxide intermediates (109 kg), 1000 lt water and

isopropylamine was heated to a temperature of 40° C., and maintained there for two hours.

After the completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature

and was dried up to a concentrated product. The reaction mass was diluted dilute

hydrochloric acid and filtered. The pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 11.5 using a 30% aq.

caustic solution. The precipitated product was filtered and dried to give 109 kg of atenolol.

O NH

O O

Epoxide Int.


+

Isopropyl amine

H2NO NH

O

OH

Atenolol


NH

Total----------------266 Total----------------266



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Vardan EnviroNet 35

2.7 FACILITIES AT THE PLANT

The factory building along with other ancillary structures are proposed to be

constructed. The proposed plant will consist of main production blocks, finished

Goods and raw material stores, Quality control lab, Work - Shop, Administrative

Buildings, QA office, R & D Lab. ETP and other Auxiliary Buildings. The civil

construction will be undertaken as per the guidelines applicable for manufacture

and quality control for APLs. The building will be designed in manner that better

productivity, aseptic areas and environment friendly ambience. All modern

amenities will be will be provide in the manufacturing and other functional areas

to avoid cross contamination, better quality control and assurance and ensure

highest safety for work men to produce high quality products.

It will be providing adequate space for the following areas of working:-

Storage for raw material and finished goods.

Plant and Machinery

Store

Offices

Toilets

Water storage tanks

Open space will be landscaped and trees will be planted in due course of time.

2.8 MACHINERY

Following machinery will be finally in position within the unit:

Reactors of different capacities and specifications

Stainless steel centrifuges.

Try Dryers & Vacuum Tray Dryers of different capacities.

Filters-Sparkler, Nautch, Multi-mills, Sifters, and Hoists etc.

Boiler.

Air compressor.

Chilled Brine plant



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Vardan EnviroNet 36

Cooling Tower.

Diesel Generators

DM Water Plant.

Lab Equipments( HPLC, GC, UV Spect., pH meter, Furnace, Balance, FTIR etc)

2.9 LAND –USE BREAKUP

Total land requirement for the proposed project is 63900 feet2, out of which 33% will

be used for greenbelt development.

Table 2.2 Land-Use Breakup

S. No. Particulars Area

1. Plant Area (G.F + F.F +S.F.) 15338.43 feet2

2. Admin Office/other offices/QC/R&D labs/F.G. 8730.00 feet2

3. Raw material storages 1200.00 feet2

4. Utilities 2750.00 feet2

5. Road Parking 14684.43 feet2

6. C (F.F) Engg. Store & Work Shop 1750.00 feet2

7. Green Belt (30% of the total plot area) 22113.91 feet2

2.10 POWER

The requirement of Power for the unit is 500 KW.

2.11 WATER SUPPLY

The water requirement of the unit will be met from ground water through existing

tube-well. The daily requirement of water for unit 77 KLD. About 25 KLD water will

be required in process & make up water required for cooling purpose will be 4 KLD.

Water required for boiler will be 33 KLD and for domestic purpose 4.0 KLD. Details of

water consumption are given in Table-2.3.



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Vardan EnviroNet 37

Table-2.3

Water Consumption Details

S. No. Purpose Water Requirement in

KLD

1. Process 25.00

2. Reactor and Floor Washing 3.00

3. Boiler feed 33.00

4. Cooling Tower Make up 4.00

5. Scrubbing System 2.00

6. DM Plant 2.00

7. Domestic 4.00

8. QC, R & D.pilot 4.00

Total 77.00



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Vardan EnviroNet 38

Fig. 2.6 : Water Balance Chart

2.12 MANPOWER

Unit will work on three shift basis and manpower needed will be about -85 persons

The requirement of personnel for the proposed plant has been made keeping in view

of the following:

Technical concept of plant, including process control and instrumentation.

Smooth and efficient operation of the plant.

Effective co-ordination between the various departments within the plant.

Optimum organization will well defined and judicious job distribution



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 39

Optimum utilization of different grades of workmen and supervisory staff and

Maximum capacity of the facilities.

2.13 Transportation of raw material and products: Transportation of material shall be carried out during day time only

The speed of dumpers plying on the haul road should limited to avoid generation

of dust

Haul road shall be covered with gravels

Covering of material when transport through trucks/dumpers

Table 2.4 Details of raw materials transportation

S.No Substance Physical Status

Source of supply

Means of transport

Distance of supplier from project site(KM)

Hazardous/ Non hazardous

1 2-Ethylhexonic Acid

Liquid Import/ Indigenous

Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

2 Caustic flakes

Solid Import/ Indigenous

Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

3

Toluene


Truck/ Tempo/ Tanker

250-1500 NH

4 Cyclohexane


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

5 2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)aminephenylacetic


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

6

Toluene



250-1500 NH

7 TEA-Tri ethyl amine


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

8 tert.-Butyl-bromoacetate


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

9 Caustic flakes


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 40

10 Potassium iodide


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

11 Formic Acid


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

12 Pen-G-K.


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

13 Ammonium Hydroxide


Truck/ Tempo

250-500 NH

14

PneG-Amidase enzyme


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

15 MDC-Methylene chloride


Truck/ Tempo/ tanker

250-1500 NH

16 Hydrochloric Acid.



25-150 H

17

Acetone



250-1500 NH

18

Methanol.



250-1500 NH

19 6-Amino Pencillinic acid


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

20 Ammonium Hydroxide


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

21 CIMC-Cl ( 3-(2- chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-carbonyl chloride )


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

22

Ethyl acetate


Truck/ Tempo Tanker

250-1500 NH

23 Sodium chloride


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

24 Sodium-2-ethyl hexonate


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 41

25

Acetone


Truck/ Tempo Tanker

250-1500 NH

26 Ofloxacin Q Acid


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

27 N-Methyl Piperazine


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

28 Caustic flakes


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

29 DMSO -Dimthyl sulfoxide


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

30

Methanol


Truck/ Tempo/Tanker

250-1500 NH

31 7- ADCA


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH



Truck/ Tempo/Tanker

250-1500 NH

33 HMDS( hexamethyldisilazane)


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

34 P G Dane Salt.


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

35 Pivaloyl Chloride


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

36 2,6-Lutidene


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

37 Pivalic Acid


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

38 DMAc-Dimethylacetamide


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

39 Hydrochloric Acid.


Tanker 25-150 H

40

Methanol



250-1500 NH

41

Ammonium Hydroxide


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 42

42

Acetone



250-1500 NH

43 Acetamide


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

44 Activated carbon


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

45 Hyflo


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

46 2-Hydroxymethyl-3,4-dimethoxy pyridine hydrochloride


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH




250-1500 NH

48 Thionyl chloride


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

49 Sodium Sulphate


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

50 2-Mercapto-5-difluoromethoxy benzimidazole


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

51 tetra-Butyl ammonium bromide


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

52 Caustic flakes


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

53 Sodium hypochlorite


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

54

Methanol



250-1500 NH

55 Erythromycin-A-9-Oxime


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

56 2-methoxy propene


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH




250-1500 NH

58 pyridine Liquid Import/ Truck/ 250-1500 NH



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 43

hydrochloride Indigenous Tempo

59 HMDS(hexamethyldisilazane)


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

60 Sodium Carbone


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

61 Sodium Chloride


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

62 IPA(isopropyl alcohol)



250-1500 NH

63 DMSO -Dimthyl sulfoxide


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

64

Cyclohexane



250-1500 NH

65 Methyl iodide


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

66 Potassium Hydroxide.


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

67 Dimethylamine solution


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

68 Formic Acid


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

69

Caustic flakes


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

70 Sodium Metabisulphite


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

71 PHPA (p-Hydroxyphenyl acetamide)


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

72 Epichlorohydrin.


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

73 methyltridecyl ammonium chloride


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

74 Acetic Acid


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

75 Mono iso propyl amine


Truck/ Tempo

250-1500 NH

76 Caustic flakes Solid Import/ Truck/ 250-1500 NH



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 44

Indigenous Tempo

77

Acetone



250-1500 NH

78 IPA(isopropyl alcohol)



250-1500 NH

Table 2.5 Details of Finished products transportation

S.no Product Physical Status

Dispatch Means of transport

1 6-Aminopencillin acid

Solid Local/Export Small Tempo / Small Container

2 3-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid

Liquid Local/Export Small Tempo / Small Container

3 Aceclofenac Solid Local/Export Small Tempo / Small Container

4 Cloxacillin Sodium Solid Local/Export Small Tempo / Small Container

5 Oflaxacin Solid Local/Export Small Tempo / Small Container

6 Ceflaxin Monohydrate

Solid Local/Export Small Tempo / Small Container

7 Pentaparazole Solid Local/Export Small Tempo / Small Container



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 45

8 Atenolol Solid Local/Export Small Tempo / Small Container

9 Clarithromycin Solid Local/Export Small Tempo / Small Container

2.14 WASTE HANDLING 2.14.1 Liquid Waste

Effluent generated from manufacturing process will be treated in Effluent treatment

cum Sewage treatment plant. Details of waste water are given in Table-2.2.

Table-2.6

Waste Water Details

S. No. Purpose Waste Water Generation in KLD

Disposal Details

1. Process 15.00

ETP with Evaporator

and Reverse Osmosis

System and the

permeate is reused in

cooling tower

2. Reactor & Floor Washing 2.00

3. Boiler Blow Down 2.00

4. Cooling Tower Blow Down 1.50

5. Scrubbing system 1.00

6. DM Plant 1.00

7. Domestic 3.00

8. QC & R&D 2.50

Total 28.00



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 46

Table 2.7 : Characteristics of Wastewater

Sr.No. Parameters Conc. of pollutants (in mg/l except pH)

Untreated Treated 1. pH 6.0-8.50 6.5

2. BOD 6000-8000 <30

3. COD 12000-15000 <250

4. TSS 200-400 <100

5. TDS 10000-15000 <2100

6. OSG 40-50 <10



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 47

Fig. 2.7 : Scheme of Effluent treatment



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 48

Fig. 2.8 : Multi Effect Evaporator

Fig. 2.9 : Reverse Osmosis

INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT:

The Company proposes to Install a Zero Discharge ETP Plant comprising of Primary

Treatment , Multi Effect Evaporator, Biological Treatment, Tertiary Treatment ,

Reverse Osmosis so that there will be no discharge out of premises. The details of

treatment sequence is given below:

PRELIMINARY TREATMENT (BAR SCREEN, OIL & GREASE TRAP and

EQUALISATION TANK)

The preliminary treatment begins at effluent source by installing bar screen in

drains to arrest polythene bags etc. at the source and prevents their ingress to the

system. In the first tank, oil and grease settle down and in the equalization tank,

the effluent is neutralized using alkali/acid.

TREATMENT-1(FLASH MIXER and PRIMARY CLARIFIER):



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 49

From equalization tank, effluent is transferred to Flash mixer where poly-

electrolyte is added and is sent to Primary Clarifier where excess solids settle out

and are removed under gravity by sludge drying bed. Clarified effluent is passed on

to for secondary treatment in the MEE then aeration tank.

TREATMENT-2(EVAPORATOR):

After the primary treatment, effluent is passed through Evaporator process to

reduce BOD and COD. High TDS Effluent from primary clarifier enters in the

Evaporator process here condensation of effluent take place. Condensate effluent

with low TDS sent to the aeration tank and left residues disposed off at TSDF site.

TREATMENT-3(AERATION TANK):

After primary treatment of effluent, effluent is sent to Aeration Tanks for BOD

removal in presence of Oxygen and Nutrients. Aeration is provided in Aeration

Tanks to get the required COD and BOD of the effluent.

TREATMENT-4 (SECONDARY CLARIFIER):

Effluent with required COD and BOD is sent to the secondary clarifier where excess

microorganism colonies settle out and return to the aerobic reactor and the effluent is

drained to sludge drying beds.

TREATMENT-5 (SLUDGE DRYING BED and FILTERATE SUMP):

Sludge Drying Beds has been provided to collect sludge from PRIMARY CLARIFIER /

SECONDARY CLARIFIER and the filtrated effluent from sludge drying bed is collected in

Filtrate Sump which is again sent to Equalization tank for re-treatment.

The dried sludge from sludge drying bed of PRIMARY CLARIFIER is given to

NIMBUA which is authorize recycler from PPCB and sludge recovered from

secondary clarifier is used as manure in ferti-irrigation since it is a biomass and

Non Hazardous in nature.

TREATMENT-6(DMF SUMP , SAND FILTER and CARBON FILTER ):



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 50

DMF sump will receive treated effluent from secondary section and hold it for

pumping to filters. The high pressure pumps are used to feed Sand Filter and

Carbon Filter. Filtered effluent is sent to treated water tank from there the treated

water is used in ferti-irrigation in plant. A schematic diagram of effluent cum

sewage treatment plant is given in fig. 2.2.

TREATMENT-7 (DMF SUMP , REVERSE OSMOSIS):

Treated effluent will be passed through Reverse Osmosis Plant for recycling of

Treated effluent. The permeate from RO will be reused in the Plant for less

stringent applications and Reject from RO will be sent back to Evaporator .The

Conc. From Evaporator will be sent to Common Hazard Waste Disposal site at

Nimbua and condensate from Evaporator will be treated ,thus no effluent

discharge.

Table 2.8 Treatment flow for Effluent as per Segregation

Effluent Type Treatment Flow

HTDS/HCOD Collection Equalization & neutralization Stripper MEE TSDF

HTDS Collection Equalization & neutralization MEE TSDF

LTDS/LCOD Collection ETP(Biological Treatment) Sand Filter Carbon Filter Gardening

2.14.2 Solid Waste

Solid wastes in the unit are from the following sources.

i) Solids from APCD.

ii) Ash from the Boiler furnace

Solids from APCD will be disposed off at designated land filling site. Ash from boiler will be

used for land fill site.



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 51

2.14.3 Hazardous Waste

The Hazardous wastes generated from the unit are Sulphur Sludge, Catalyst dust and

used DG Set oils. The Sulphur sludge & Catalyst Dust will be sent to TSDF site Nimbua

Dera Bassi for final disposal & used oil from D.G. Set shall be sold to recyclers. There

are no other hazardous wastes.

2.15 POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

The main sources of pollution from the unit are discussed as under:

2.15.1 Air Pollution I. Exhaust from Boiler

The source of emissions at the Plant is Boiler of capacity 2 TPH. There will be 2 No.

stacks in the industry. In which one no. stack will be attached with boiler and other

stack with DG set. The fuel used for boiler will be with multipurpose fuel- Pet

Cock/Briquette and Diesel for DG set. The main pollutants are particulate matter and

gaseous emissions.

2.15.2 Noise Pollution

There is some noise producing machineries such, as ID Fan, Blowers etc. All these

machines are spread at different places within the covered sheds. Thus no noise of

significant level shall go outside the working area which may disturb the general noise

environment. DG set installed shall be noise free & with canopy.


Final EIA/EMPReport Chapter-3

_______________________________________________________________________________ Vardan EnviroNet 52

CHAPTER - 3

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 GENERAL

The main objectives of describing the environment, which may be potentially affected,

are (i) to assess present environmental quality and the environmental impacts and (ii)

to identify environmentally significant factors. The chapter contains information on

existing environmental scenario on the following parameters.

1. Water Environment;

2. Micro – Meteorology;

3. Air Environment;

4. Noise Environment;

5. Soil/ Land Environment;

6. Biological Environment;

7. Socio-economic Environment;

To achieve these objectives, our team monitored the environmental parameters within

the core zone and buffer zone (10 km radial distance from the project area) in

accordance with the Guidelines for EIA issued by the Ministry of Environment & Forests,

Government of India.

The content in this chapter deals with the results of field studies /monitoring carried out

from February to April 2014, the interpretation and also the detailed information

collected from the secondary sources.

3.2 SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

The baseline information on micro-meteorology, ambient air quality, water quality, noise

levels, soil quality and floristic descriptions are largely drawn from the data generated

by M/s Vardan Envirolab, Gurgaon (NABL Accredited Lab). Long term meteorological

data recorded at the nearest IMD station, Chandigarh was also collected.

Micrometeorological data at site was recorded using automatic weather station. Apart

from these, secondary data have been collected from Census Handbook, Revenue

Records, Statistical Department, Soil Survey and Land use Organization, District



________________________________________________________________________________ Vardan EnviroNet 53

Industries Centre, Forest Department, Central Ground Water Authority, etc. The

generation of primary data as well as collection of secondary data and information from

the site and surroundings was carried out during pre monsoon season i.e. Feb. to April

2014.

3.2.1 Aspect Studied

As per the gazette notification dated 14th September 2006 and guidelines of CPCB, the

study area was demarked. The study was conducted within a radius of 10 km around the

project site. The study period defined is Feb. to April 2014.

The disciplines covered by the baseline data collection programme include the

following:-Topography, Physiography, Hydrological aspects, Atmospheric condition,

Biological environment, Land use, Cropping pattern & Socio economic aspects.

3.2.2 Presentation

Each of the aspects listed above considered ahead in a sequential manner. Data Collected

during the baseline study period are given ahead and provides a sound knowledge of the

existing environment.

3.2.3 Study Area at a Glance

The proposed project is situated at Village- Nimbua, Tehsil - Dera Bassi, Distt. Mohali,

Punjab.

1. General Particulars

Table 3.1: Details of Study Area

Particulars Details State Punjab Dist Mohali Tehsil Dera Bassi Village(s) Nimbua Latitude 30°36’02.49”N

Longitude 76°54’27.92”E




2. Climatology during study period (Pre-Monsoon Season)

i) Average Minimum Temperature : 60C

ii) Average Maximum Temperature : 400C

iii) Average Relative Humidity (%) : Min. - 23%, Max -80%

iv) Average Annual Rainfall of the area : 1000-1100mm

3.3 STUDY OF THE LAND USE PATTERN OF THE PROJECT SITE

A. DATA USED

Indian Remote Sensing satellite IRS-P6, LISS-III, multi-spectral digital data has been

used for the preparation of land use/ land cover map of present study. Survey of India

reference map on 1:50,000 scales have been used for the preparation of base map and

geometric correction of satellite data. Ground truthing has been carried out to validate

the interpretation accuracy and reliability of remotely sensed data, by enabling

verification of the interpreted details and by supplementing with the information, which

cannot be obtained directly on satellite imagery.

B. METHODOLOGY

The methodology used for the study consists of following components.

(i) Base Map Preparation

Base map was prepared using Survey of India reference map on 1:50,000 scale.

Interpreted thematic details were transferred on the base map. Besides, other

supporting data like project reports and statistical data published by various

Government departments have also been used.

(ii) Ground Truth Data Collection

Ground data on geo-environmental components of the study area was collected for

verification of information about the different features on the study areas, which are

responsible for the occurrence of specific spectral reflectance behavioral patterns.

During the ground truth detailed information on agricultural practices, wastelands,

mining, industrial area etc. were collected along with other land features.

(iii) Interpretation of Remote Sensing Data




A hybrid technique has been used i.e. visual interpretation and digital processing for

identification of different land use/ land cover classes based on the image

characteristics like tone, size, shape, pattern, texture, location and association etc. An

image interpretation keys were developed based on such image characteristics, which

enable interpretation of satellite images for land use/land cover features. Further, the

land use / land cover and other baseline layers was put in GIS database for integration,

analysis, statistics generation and final out in the form of land use map.

C. RESULTS

In the present study, both digital image processing and using visual interpretation

technique were used to generate output of Land use cover map of study area. A standard

False Colour Composite (FCC) image has also been generated on the same scale (Fig no

3.1 & 3.2). The proposed project site is located on land with scrub land use class.

Table 3.2: Land Use Pattern of the Study Area

LANDUSE AREA (in Hectares) % Area

Water Body 2198.08 7%

Dense Forest 2766.17 9%

Open Scrub 4072.85 13%

Agriculture Land 13016.91 41%

Barren land 2496.42 8%

Fallow land 1051.268 3%

Settlement 6110.234 19%

Total 31702.932 100

(Source: Land Use Map)



_______________________________________________________________________________ Vardan EnviroNet 56

Figure 3.1 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area (10 km Radius from the project site)




Figure 3.2 FCC Map of the Study Area (10 km Radius from the Project Site)




Figure 3.3 Drainage Map of the Study Area




3.4 PHYSIOGRAPHY & HYDROLOGY

3.4.1 Physiography

Mohali district located in the eastern part of the Punjab state and lies between North

latitiudes of 30°21’00” and 30°56’00” and east longitudes of 76°30’00” and 76°55’00”

covering a geographic ambience of 110 sq.km. The district is bounded by Patiala and

Fatehgrah Sahib district in the South-west, Ropar district in the northwest, Chandigarh

and Panchkula in the east and Ambala district of Haryana state in the south. The district

was created by carving out 2 blocks (Sialba Majra and Kharar) from Ropar district and

one block (Derabassi) from Patiala district. Administratively, the district is divided into 3

tehsil viz., Derabassi, Mohali & Kharar comprising of 3 development blocks. Total

population of the district is 6,98,317. Majority of the population reside in rural area. The

rural and urban population as percentage to the total population are 61.15% and

38.85% respectively. The decennial growth rate (1991-2001) of population in the district

is 21.95%. The literacy rate is 78.4% and the population density is 635 persons/sq.km.

The Ghaggar River and its tributaries form the natural drainage system on Derabassi

block of the district. While north-eastern part is drained by Siswan Nadi, Jainti Devi Ki

Rao and Patiala Rao, which emerge from the Siwalik Hills. The Siswan Nadi drains the

northern part of the district and finally converges with Sutlej River in the Ropar district.

While Jainti Devi Ki Rao and Patiali Rao drains in NE-SW direction and joins the Ghaggar

River.

The land use pattern of an area depends largely on climatological and physiographic

features. Net area sown in the district is 750 sq.km, which constitute about 67.56% of the

total area. Irrigation in the district is mainly by means of canals and tube wells. The area

irrigated under tubewells constitutes about 74.61% of the gross irrigated area. Paddy

constitutes the main Kharif crop whereas wheat is the main Rabi crop.

3.4.2 Hydrogeology

The district is occupied by Quaternary Alluvial deposits belonging to the vast Indo-

Gangetic alluvial plains, which forms the main aquifer system. Groundwater occurs under




phreatic conditions in the shallow aquifers while leaky confined to confined conditions

occur along the deeper aquifers of Quaternary alluvial deposits.

The CGWB has drilled 11 exploratory wells, 2 slim holes and 1 piezometer in the district

in the depth range of 295-590 m bgl to determine the various aquifer systems and its

extent. All the exploratory wells drilled in the Derabassi block were abandoned due to

insufficient thickness of aquifer zones and low yield. Exploratory drilling has revealed 4-

13 saturated granular zones comprising of fine to coarse sand, silt and kankar up to the

total drilled depth of 460 m in Kharra and Sialba Majra blocks. The discharge ranges from

870-2407 lpm for 21.65 and 11.36 m drawdown respectively. The transmissivity and

hydraulic conductivity varies between 55 to 862 m2/day and 7.4-48m/day respectively.

In the case of unconfined aquifer, depth to water level ranges from 4.1 to 13.02 m bgl

during pre-monsoon and 4.1 to 12.89 m bgl during post-monsoon. In major part of the

district, the water level ranges between 5 and 10 m while the water level in the northern

part is more than 10 m bgl. Seasonal fluctuation shows that, in general, there is an overall

decline in the water level except few isolated patches. The long-term trend of water level

(1997-2006) also shows that there is decline in water level on major part of the area

ranging from 0.11 to 0.80 m/yr except a few isolated patches where the rise is at the rate

if 0.51 m/yr which is insignificant.

3.4.3 Ground Water Resources

Groundwater resource potential of the district has been assessed as per Groundwater

Resource Estimation Methodology (GEC-97) by considering administrative block as the

assessment unit. The gross groundwater draft for all the uses from the net annual

groundwater availability of 260.38 MCM is 226.88 MCMC, thus leaving 27.87 MCM for

future irrigation development. The stage of groundwater development for all the three

blocks exceeded 80%.

The Dera Bassi block shows a development of 84% which is categorised under semi-

critical category while Kharar block with development of 88% is categorised under safe




category since the water table doesn’t show significant decline during pre & post-

monsoon.

3.4.4 Seismicity of Area

Many parts of the Indian subcontinent have historically high Seismicity. Seven

catastrophic earthquakes of magnitude greater than 8 (Richter scale) have occurred in

the western, northern and eastern parts of India and adjacent countries in the past 100

years.

By contrast, peninsular India is relatively seismic, having suffered only infrequent

earthquakes of moderate. The main seismogenic belts are associated with the collision

plate boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plates.

The hazard map shows contours joining locations of equal expected peak accelerations in

rock expressed in percentage. The study area lies in the seismic zone IV under area of

high seismic risk by national standards.




Figure 3.4 : Seismic Map of India

Project Site SiteSite

Project Site




3.5 CLIMATE

District Mohali has a sub-tropical continental monsoon climate characterized by a

seasonal rhythm: hot summers, slightly cold winters, unreliable rainfall and great

variation in temperature (0 °C to 44 °C). In winter, sometimes frost also occurs during

December and January. The average annual rainfall is recorded to be 617 mm. The city

also receives occasional winter rains from the west.

Average temperature

Summer: The temperature in summer may rise to a maximum of 44°C.

Temperatures generally remain between 35°C to 42°C.

Autumn

In autumn, the temperature may rise to a maximum of 36°C. Temperatures usually

remain between 16° to 27° in autumn. The minimum temperature is around 13°C.

Winter

Winters are quite cool and sometimes it gets quite chilled in Mohali. Average

temperatures in winter (November to February) remains at (max) 7°C to 15 °C and (min)

0°C to 5°C.

Spring

The climate remains quite pleasant during the spring season. Temperature varies

between (max) 16°C to 25°C and (min) 9°C to 18°C.

3.6 RAINFALL

The rainfall in the zone is caused by South-West monsoon. It starts in the month of July

and extend upto the month of September. During this period the monsoon rainfall

contribute about 75 to 80% of the total annual rainfall. The average annual rainfall is in

the range of 1000-1100mm. the annual number of rainy days on average are about 51 in

a year, out of which about 31 fall in the monsoon period of July to September.




3.7 HUMIDITY

In summer months of April, May and June which is the driest part of the year, the

afternoon humidity comes down to 23% to 25% while the relative humidity during

monsoon months goes up to 75% to 80%.

3.8 WIND SPEED/ DIRECTION

The wind direction in the area is mostly from North-West to South-East. During January

to May the winds are quite strong while July to October is calm months. The general

trends of various meteorological data form meteorological observatory at Chandigarh

and field observation are used to draw Wind rose diagrams. The Wind rose diagram is

shown in Fig. given below.

Figure 3.5 Windrose Diagram




3.9 AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT

The ambient air quality with respect to the study area of 10 km radius around the project

area forms the baseline information. The various sources of air pollution in the region are

dust rising from unpaved roads, domestic fuel burning, vehicular traffic, agricultural

activities, other industries, etc.

The prime objective of baseline air quality monitoring is to assess existing air quality of

the area. This will also be useful in assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient

air quality during the operations.

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through scientifically

designed ambient air quality network. The design of monitoring network in the air

quality surveillance program has been based on the following considerations:

Meteorological conditions.

Topography of the study area.

Likely impact area.

3.9.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Ambient air monitoring was carried out on monthly basis in the surrounding areas of the

project site to assess the ambient air quality at the source. To know the ambient air

quality at a larger distance i.e. in the study area of 10 km. radius, air quality survey has

been conducted at 06 locations over a period of Pre Monsoon Season. Major air

pollutants viz, PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), CO, NH3, VOC

representing the basic air pollutants in the region were identified for Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring (AAQM). The ambient air quality monitoring stations were set up at the

following locations.

Table 3.3:

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Sampling Stations

Station Sampling Location Aerial distance (km) and

direction from Project Site

AAQM1 Project Site --




AAQM2 Village Mirpur 6.2 Km, NW

AAQM3 Village Mantwala 3.5 Km, NE

AAQM4 Village Khatauli 6.2 Km,SE

AAQM5 Village Sultanpur 4.2 Km,SE

AAQM6 Bir Dadrala PF 6.0 Km,SW




Figure 3.6: Key Plan of Air Monitoring Stations




3.9.2 Air Sampling Program

As stated earlier, the sampling at the above 06 stations were carried out during Pre

Monsoon Season. The stations were selected and located with due consideration to

the meteorological conditions of the region. The samples were collected as per the

CPCB norms during study period. The samples for gaseous pollutants as well as for

particulate matter were collected as per the prescribed standard procedures. Detail

Air monitoring data sheet attached as Annexure V.

Table 3.4:

Procedures for Determining Various Air Quality Parameters

Parameters Testing Procedure

PM10 Gravimetric Method by using Repairable Particulate Matter sampler

“Respirable Dust Sampler” (RDS)

NO2

Absorption in diluted NaOH and then estimated calorimetrically with

sulphanilamide and N (I-Nepthyle) Ethylene diamine Dihydrochloride and

Hydrogen Peroxide (IS: 5182 1975, Part-VI).

SO2

Absorption in Sodium Tetra Chloromercurate followed by Colorimetric

estimation using P-Rosaniline hydrochloride and Formaldehyde (IS: 5182

Part – II, 2001).

CO

Each constituent gas in a sample will absorb some infra red at a particular

frequency. By shining an infra-red beam through a sample cell (containing

CO), and measuring the amount of infra-red absorbed by the sample at the

necessary wavelength, a NDIR detector is able to measure the volumetric

concentration of CO in the sample.

NH3

Ammonia in the atmosphere is collected by bubbling a measured volume of

air through a dilute solution of sulphuric acid to form ammonium sulphate.

The ammonium sulphate formed in the sample is analyzed colorimetrically

by reaction with phenol and alkaline sodium hypochlorite to produce

indophenol.

VOC

The principal of operation of volatile organic compound is based on

chromatographic separation in the gaseous phase of measured compound,

coupled with a photo ionization detector for detection of VOCs.




3.9.3 Baseline Data

Three major air pollutants viz. PM10 & PM2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide

(NO2), CO, NH3 & VOC were monitored to establish the baseline air quality. The

ambient air quality results and the standards of ambient air quality are given in

Tables below.

Table 3.6

NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (Revised)

Pollutant Time Weighted Average

Concentration

in Ambient Air

Method of Measurement

Industrial, Residential Rural & Other Areas

Ecologically Sensitive Area

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), g/m3

Annual*

24 hours **

50

80

20

80

-Improved West and Gaeke method.

-Ultraviolet fluorescence

Oxides of Nitrogen as NO2, g/m3

Annual*

24 hours **

40

80

30

80

-Jacob & Hochheiser (Na-Arsenite)

-Chemiluminescence

Particulate Matter (Size less than 10 m)or PM10 g/m3

Annual*

24 hours **

60

100

60

100

-Gravimetric

-TOEM

-Beta attenuation

Particulate Matter (Size less than 2.5 m)or PM2.5 g/m3

Annual*

24 hours **

40

60

40

60

-Gravimetric

-TOEM

-Beta attenuation

Ozone (O3), g/m3 8 hours**

1 hour**

100

180

100

180

-UV photometric

- Chemiluminescence

-Chemical Method

Lead (Pb), g/m3 Annual*

24 hours **

0.50

1.0

0.50

1.0

-AAS/ICP Method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper.

-ED-XRF using Teflon filter

Carbon Monoxide (CO), mg/m3

8 Hours**

1 Hours

02

04

02

04

-Non Depressive Infrared Spectroscopy (NDIR)




Ammonia (NH3), g/m3

Annual*

24 hours **

100

400

100

400

- Chemiluminescence

-Indophenol blue method

Benzene (C6H6), g/m3

Annual* 05 05 -Gas Chromatography based continuous analyser

-Adsorption and Desorption followed by GC analysis

Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP)-particulate phase only, ng/m3

Annual* 01 01 -Solvent extraction followed by HPLC/GC analysis

Arsenic (As), ng/m3 Annual* 06 06 -AAS/ ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

Nickel (Ni), ng/m3 Annual* 20 20 -AAS/ ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

Source: NAAQS

* Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a

week 24 hourly at uniform intervals.

** 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable, should be

complied with 98% of the time in a year. However 2% of the time, it may exceed but

not on two consecutive days of monitoring.

Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Village Name

PM10 (ug/m3 )

NO2 (ug/m3 )

SO2 (ug/m3 )

CO (ug/m3 )

NH3

VOCs

Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Project

Site

64.45 51.88 17.40 14.79 8.89 7.02 0.98 <0.50 7.90 5.80 <0.50

Village

Mirpur

61.91 50.10 16.90 14.08 7.98 6.80 0.90 <0.50 6.99 5.80 <0.50

Village

Mantwala

63.56 52.98 19.76 17.10 9.56 7.10 0.94 <0.50 7.90 5.88 <0.50

Village

Khatauli

63.10 51.96 17.10 14.93 10.32 8.10 0.98 <0.50 7.90 5.98 <0.50




Village

Sultanpur

60.56 50.23 19.58 15.55 9.58 7.10 0.94 <0.50 7.90 5.84 <0.50

Bir

Dardala

PF

63.56 52.98 16.88 14.10 9.57 7.10 0.94 <0.50 7.86 5.88 <0.50

Figure 3.7 – Graph showing PM10 concentration

Figure 3.8 – Graph showing NO2 concentration




Figure 3.9 – Graph showing SO2 concentration




Figure3.10: Photographs of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring reveals that the minimum & maximum concentrations

of PM10 for all the 06 AAQM stations were found to be 50.10g/m3 and 64.45 g/m3

respectively.

As far as the gaseous pollutants SO2 and NO2 are concerned, the prescribed CPCB limit

of 80 g/m3 for residential and rural areas has never surpassed at any station. The

maximum & minimum concentrations of SO2 were found to be 6.80 g/m3 & 10.32

g/m3 respectively. The maximum & minimum concentrations of NO2 were found to

be 14.08 g/m3 & 19.76 g/m3 respectively.

3.10 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise often defined as unwanted sound, interferes with speech communication,

causes annoyance, distracts from work, disturb sleep, thus deteriorating quality of

human environment. Noise Pollution survey has therefore been carried out.

Noise levels were measured in residential areas and other settlements located within

10 km radius around the site.

3.10.1 Noise Analysis within the Study Area




The noise analysis within the study area was recorded using 4012 Maxtech sound

level meter. The analysis reveals that the noise’s well within the permissible range.

The location of Noise level monitoring is presented in Table 3.9 & the levels recorded

are as stated in Table 3.10.

Table 3.7: Noise level Monitoring Sampling Stations

Station Sampling

Location

Aerial distance km.

and direction from

Project Site

N1 Project site --

N2 Village Mirpur 6.2Km, NW

N3 Village Mantwala 3.5 Km, NE

N4 Village Khatauli 6.2 Km, SE

N5 Village Sultanpur 4.2 Km,SE

N6 Bir dadrala PF 6.0 Km, SW




Figure 3.11 : Key Plan of Noise level Monitoring Stations




Figure3.12: Photographs of Noise level Monitoring




3.10.2 Result

Table 3.8: Noise level Monitoring Result

S. No LOCATIONS

Noise Level Leq. dB (A)

Day Time

(6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.)

Night Time

(10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.)

1 Project site 56.70 44.50

2 Village Mirpur 54.64 42.71

3 Village Mantwala 54.64 43.20

4 Village Khatauli 51.70 45.55

5 Village Sultanpur 52.20 41.95

6 Bir Dadrala PF 52.68 43.56

Table 3.9: CPCB Noise level Standards

Ambient noise levels were measured at 06 locations around the proposed project

site. A noise level varies from 41.95 to 56.70 Leq dB during day time and during

night time. Maximum & minimum noise levels recorded during the day time were

from 51.70 Leq dB and 56.70 Leq dB respectively and maximum & minimum level

Category of Zones Leq in dB(A)

Day Night

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence Zone 50 40

1 Day Time is from 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM.

2 Night Time is reckoned between 10.00 PM to 6.00 AM

3 Silence Zone is defined as an area up to 100m around premises of Hospitals,

Educational Institutions and Courts. Use of vehicle horn, loudspeaker and

bursting of crackers is banned in these zones.

Note: Mixed categories of areas be declared as one of the four above mentioned

categories by the competent Authority and the corresponding standards shall apply




of noise during night time were 41.95 Leq dB and 45.55 Leq dB respectively. Thus

noise levels at all locations were observed to be within the prescribed limits.

From the above study and discussions it can be concluded that noise levels in the

study area are well within the prescribed limits as prescribed by the CPCB and State

Pollution Control Board.

3.11 Soil Environment

3.11.1 Soil Quality and Characteristics

The information on soils has been collected from various secondary sources and

also through primary soil sampling analysis of which is described in this section.

For studying the soil profile of the region,6 locations were selected to assess the

existing soil conditions around the contract area representing various land use

conditions. The concentrations of physical and chemical parameters were

determined.

The sampling locations have been finalized with the following objectives:

To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area; and

To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics.

Quality of the soil in the area is showing a marked diversity in nature depending

upon the parent rock and climatic conditions prevailing in different parts of the

district. The analysis results of the soil samples collected are given in table below

Table 3.10: Soil quality analysis Station Details

Station Sampling

Location Aerial distance(km) & direction in from Project site

S1 Project Site --

S2 Village Mirpur 0.3 Km North

S3 Village Mantwala 5.2 Km, SW

S4 Village Khatauli 5.4 Km, S

S5 Village Sultanpur 7.3 Km, SW

S6 Bir Dadrala PF 3.5 Km, W




Figure 3.13: Photographs of Soil Sampling




Figure 3.14: Key Plan of Soil Sampling Stations




Table 3.11 _Soil Analysis Result S. No. Parameter Project Site Village Mirpur Village

Mantwala Village Khatauli Village

Sultanpur Bir Dadrala PF

1. pH (at 25 0C) 7.25 6.95 7.35 7.65 7.20 6.90 2. Conductivity (mS/cm) 0.420 0.390 0.320 0.410 0.395 0.425

3. Soil Texture Silty Loam Silty Loam Silty Loam Silty Loam Silty Loam Silty Loam

4. Colour Yellowish Yellowish Yellowish Yellowish Yellowish Yellowish

5. Water holding capacity (%)

38.60 33.60 36.50 38.80 33.50 40.90

6. Bulk Density (gm/cc) 2.24 1.12 1.52 2.22 2.82 1.52

7. Chloride (mg/kg) 176.92 174.32 182.62 168.32 172.72 175.88

8. Calcium as Ca (mg/kg)

110.40 116.30 120.40 122.50 115.50 118.80

9. Sodium (mg/100gm) 64.30 60.96 65.30 66.60 67.12 63.25

10. Potassium (mg/100gm)

270.40 290.70 283.40 286.50 273.73 278.10

11. Organic matter (%) 0.98 0.56 0.88 0.98 0.92 0.94

12. Magnesium as Mg (mg/kg)

48.50 52.60 50.50 44.30 48.58 50.50

13. Available Nitrogen as N (kg. /hec.)

270.90 265.70 275.20 270.50 278.30 268.70

14. Available Phosphorus (kg. /hec.)

37.50 41.10 38.66 39.70 36.64 34.80

15. Zinc (mg/100gm) 17.60 20.10 19.90 15.70 20.10 19.20

16. Mangnese as Mn

(mg/kg) 58.40 65.32 62.80 62.50 68.90 64.50

17. Chromium as Cr (mg/kg)

1.74 1.34 1.74 1.44 2.28 2.09

18. Lead as Pb (mg/kg) 4.20 5.90 6.20 4.95 5.40 4.95

19. Cadmium as Cd(mg/kg)

2.30 2.90 3.80 2.90 3.70 2.60

20. Copper as Cu(mg/kg) 15.80 17.50 17.60 18.58 18.90 16.85




Soil is the media for supplying the nutrients for plant growth. Nutrients are

available to plants at certain pH and pH of soils can reflect by addition of pollutants

in it either by air, or by water or by solid waste or by all of these. In order to

establish the baseline status of soil characteristics, soil samples were collected at 5

sampling locations.

The analysis results show that soil is basic in nature as pH value ranges from 6.90 to

7.65 with water holding capacity of 33.50 to 40.90 %. The concentration of

Nitrogen, Phosphorus & Potassium has been found to be in good amount in the soil

samples. Soil texture is Silty loam.

3.12 Water Environment

3.12.1 Surface Water

Ghaggar River is located in the study area at approximate distance of 3.8 km in NW

Direction from Project site. Dhamgiri River, approx. 8.0 km in NE direction from the

proposed project site. Water sample was collected and analyzed for its quality.

Table 3.12 Surface water quality sampling Stations

Station Sampling Location Aerial distance (km) & direction from Project Site

S1 Ghaggar River 3.8Km, NW

S2 Dhamgiri River 8.0 Km, NE

Table 3.13 Surface water quality sampling results

S.No. Parameter Ghaggar River Dhamgiri River Up Stream Down

Stream Up Stream Down

Stream 1. pH (at 250C) 7.8 7.7 7.3 7.3 2. Dissolved oxygen

(mg/l) 6.2 5.9 6.5 6.6

3. BOD (at 270C for 3 days, mg/l)

21.50 21.30 6.0 6.4

4. COD(mg/l) 88.60 86.50 29.7 29.9 5. Turbidity NTU 7.0 7.1 6.0 6.1 6. Conductivity

(µS/cm) 751 753 220 221

7. Temperature (0C) 28 28 28 28 8. Magnesium

Hardness as CaCO3 119.70 121..30 26.7 26.9




(mg/l) 9. Free Ammonia (as N,

mg/l) 0.5 0.6 1.10 1.12

10. Total Phosphorus as PO4(mg/l)

0.68 0.67 0.5 0.7

11. TKN(mg/l) 2.51 2.53 1.8 1.8 12. Chloride as Cl

(mg/l) 189 190 55 56

13. Total dissolved solids(mg/l)

481 485 211 212

14. Sulphate as SO4(mg/l) 60 59 21 21 15. Fluoride as F 0.15 0.17 0.12 0.13 16. Nitrate as NO3(mg/l) 0.14 0.15 0.3 0.4 17. Iron as Fe(mg/l) 0.28 0.29 0.08 0.09 18. Boron as B(mg/l) 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 19. Hexa Chromium as

Cr+6(mg/l) BDL(DL 0.01 mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.01 mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.01 mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.01 mg/l)

20. Phenolic Compounds(mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.001 mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.001 mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.001 mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.001 mg/l)

21. Sodium(mg/l) 51 54 22 23 22. Potassium(mg/l) 18 18 4.5 4.6 23. Zinc as Zn(mg/l) 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 24. Nickel as Ni(mg/l) BDL(DL

0.01mg/l) BDL(DL 0.01mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.01mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.01mg/l)

25. Cadmium as Cd (mg/l) BDL(DL 0.001 mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.001 mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.001 mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.001 mg/l)

26. Lead as Pb(mg/l) BDL(DL 0.01mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.01mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.01mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.01mg/l)

27. Arsenic as As (mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.01 mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.01 mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.01 mg/l)

BDL(DL 0.01 mg/l)

28. Mercury as Hg (mg/l)

BDL (DL 0.001 mg/l)

BDL (DL 0.001 mg/l)

BDL (DL 0.001 mg/l)

BDL (DL 0.001 mg/l)

29. Total Coliform (MPN/100ml)

11285 11296 94000 94685

30. E.coli (MPN/100ml) 780 788 2984 2990 3.12.2 Ground Water

The Quality of ground water was studied by collecting six water samples from

representative hand pumps, tube wells. Sampling points were decided using

google image & field survey.




Standard procedures were followed for the sampling and analysis of physico–

chemical parameters of water. Table 3.8 (A) shows the details of location of water

sampling stations and results of different parameters are given in Table 3.8 (B).

Table 3.14: Ground Water quality Sampling Stations

Station Sampling Location Aerial distance (km) & direction from Project Site

W1 Project Site --

W2 Village Mirpur 6.2 Km, NW

W3 Village Mantwala 3.5 Km, NE

W5 Village Khatauli 6.2 Km, SE

W6 Village Sultanpur 4.2 Km,SE

W7 Bir Dadrala PF 6.0 Km,SW




Figure 3.15: Key Plan of Water quality Sampling Stations




Figure 3.16 . Photographs of Water quality Sampling

3.12.3 Result

Table 3.15: Ground Water Quality Analysis Result

S.

No.

Parameter Project Site

Village Mirpur

Village Mantwala

Village Khatauli

Village Sultanpur

Bir Dadrala PF

Desira

ble

Limit

Permiss

ible

Limit

1. pH (at 25 0C) 7.42 7.90 7.15 7.60 7.95 7.02

6.5 to 8.5

No Relaxation

2. Colour (Hazen)

<1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 5 15

3. Turbidity (NTU)

<1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1

5




4. Odour Agreea

ble Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

5. Taste Agreea

ble Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

6. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l)

218.50 210.50 240.10 165.40 169.50 78.40 200 600

7. Calcium as Ca (mg/l)

45.20 56.10 61.50 32.10 56.10 20.10 75 200

8. Alkalinity as CaCO3

(mg/l)

250.50 225.40 210.10 148.10 156.50 85.56 200 600

9. Chloride as Cl (mg/l)

48.60 68.10 65.10 85.40 42.10 15.72 250 1000

10. Residual Free Chlorine (mg/l)

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

0.2 1

11. Cyanide as CN

(mg/l)

<0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

0.05 No Relaxation

12. Magnesium as Mg(mg/l)

25.69 17.14 21.06 20.73 7.18 6.86 30 100

13. Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l)

315.40 340.10 370.50 295.10 278.50 137.30 500 2000

14. Sulphate as SO4(mg/l)

2.50 10.50 32.10 13.50 8.10 2.85 200 400

15. Fluoride as F (mg/l)

0.50 0.75 0.71 0.80 0.60 0.75 1.0 1.5

16. Nitrate as NO3(mg/l)

0.62 0.62 2.40 3.50 0.78 0.58 45 No Relaxation

17. Iron as Fe(mg/l)

0.21 0.19 0.27 0.25 0.29 0.33 0.3 No Relaxation

18. Aluminium as Al(mg/l)

<0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.03 0.2

19. Boron(mg/l) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.5 1.0

20. Phenolic Compounds(mg/l)

<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.002

21. Anionic Detergents

<0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.2 1.0




Analysis results of ground water reveal the following;

pH varies from to 7.02 to 7.95

Total Hardness varies from 78.40 to 240.10 mg/l

Alkalinity varies from 85.56 to 250.50 mg/l

A review of the above chemical analysis reveals that water from all sources remains

suitable for drinking purposes as all the constituents are within the limits prescribed for

drinking water standards promulgated by Indian Standards (IS: 10500)

as MBAS(mg/l)

22. Chromium as Cr+6(mg/l)

<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

0.05 No Relaxation

23. Zinc as Zn(mg/l)

<0.01 0.32 <0.01 0.60 <0.01 <0.01 5 15

24. Copper as Cu(mg/l)

<0.02 0.40 0.50 0.32 0.15 <0.02 0.05 1.5

25. Manganese as Mn

(mg/l)

<0.02 <0.02 0.42 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.1 0.3

26. Cadmium as Cd

(mg/l)

<0.003

<0.003

<0.003

<0.003

<0.003 <0.003

0.003 No Relaxation

27. Lead as Pb

(mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

0.01 No Relaxation

28. Selenium as Se

(mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

0.01 No Relaxation

29. Arsenic as As

(mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

0.01 No Relaxation

30. Mercury as Hg

(mg/l) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

0.001 No Relaxation

31. Total Coliform

MPN/100ml

<2/100ml

<2/100ml

<2/100ml

<2/100ml

<2/100ml

<2/100ml

- 10.00

32. E.Coli MPN/100ml

Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent




3.13 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.13.1 Introduction

Anthropogenic activities tend to bring instability in the species composition and

functioning of ecosystem. The first component to be affected directly as well as

indirectly and in a short, medium and long time span would be the biotic

component of the area. This sets a cyclic process, which may aggravate the situation

unless corrective measures are adopted.

Generation of base-line data and knowing the types and extents of pollutants would

be the first step of the environmental study report. The biological assessment is

trustworthy and acceptable method to understand the impact of surroundings. This

leads to suggesting remedial measures for minimizing impact. The aim of

environment management plan is to manage the ecosystems with least alterations

because only this can make ecosystem stable.

3.14 CROPPING PATTERN

3.14.1 Cropping Pattern of the Study Area

There is Agricultural land available in the buffer zone. In general the soil fertility is

medium. The soil is slightly alkaline.

The district has two main major crops, wheat and paddy with a combined cropping

area of more than 86%.

The principal rabi crop is wheat, while subsidiary crops are barley, gram,

oilseeds(sarson, taramira, alsi and torial ) and winter vegetables such as peas ,

cabbage, cauliflower , turnip, carrot , etc, The principal kharif crops are paddy ,

sugarcane, cotton and ground nut , while maize , jowar and bajra are minor crops.

kharif vegetables include tomato and ladyfinger, kharif pulses are maily moong,

mash arhar, soyabeen, etc: while grapes, pear , peach, guava, etc. are the kharif

fruits grown in the district.

Most of the cultivation of the area is based on monsoon rains. However, ground

water i.e. by tube wells and dug wells are also used for cultivation.

TABLE – 3.16 (A)




COMMON PULSES GROWN IN THE AREA

S. No. Common Name Botanical Name English Name

1. Moong Vigna radiate Green gram

2. Masoor Lens culinaris Lentil

3. Arhar Cajanus cajan Pigeon pea

TABLE - 3.17 (B)

COMMON VEGETABLES GROWN IN THE AREA

S.No. Common Name Botanical Name English Name

1. Lehsun A. sativum Garlic

2. Shimla Mirch Capsicum frutescence Capsicum

3. Bhindi Abelmoscus esculentus Ladies Finger

4. Phool Gobhi Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis

Cauli flower

5. Patta Gobhi Brassica oleracea var. Capitata

Cabbage

6. Shalgam Brassica rapa rapa Turnip

7. Tamatar Solanum esculentum Tomato

8. Ghia Luffa cylindrical sponge -gourd

9. Mirch - chillies

10. Shakarkandi Ipomoea batatas sweet- potato

11. Tinda Praecitrullus fistulosus

Indian round gourd

12. Kaddu or Khola Cucurbita maxima Pumpkin

13. Torai Luffa acutangula Vegetable sponge

14. Karela Momordica charantia Bitter gourd

15. Matar Pisum sativum Pea

16. Mooli Raphanus sativus Radish

17. Methi Tigonella foenum-graecum Fenugreek

18. Gajar Daucus carota Carrot

19. Palak Spinacia oleracea Spinach

20. Piaz Allium cepa Onion

TABLE – 3.16 (C)




COMMON FRUIT TREES IN THE AREA

S. No. Common Name

Botanical Name English Name

1. Amrood Psidium guajava Guava

2. Nashpati Pyrus Pear

3. Peach Prunus persica Peach

4. Aam Mangifera indica Mango

5. Lichi Litchi chinensis Lichi

6. Ber Ziziphus mauritiana Indian jujube

TABLE - 3.16 (D)

COMMON OILSEEDS GROWN IN THE AREA

S. No. Common Name

Botanical Name English Name

1. Sarso Brassica napus Rapeseed

2. Surajmukhi Helianthus annuus Sunflower

3. Til Sesamum indicum Sesamum

4. Mungfali Arachis hypogaea Groundnut

TABLE – 3.16 (E)

OTHERS CROPS GROWN IN THE AREA

S. No. Common Name

Botanical Name

English Name

1. Makka Zea mays Maize

2. Gaihoon T. aestivum Wheat

3. Jow Hordeum vulgare Barley

4. Rui Gossypium arboreum Cotton

3.14.2 FLORA

i. Flora : Some of the plant species found in 10 km radius

TABLE – 3.17 (A)

LIST OF FLORA

S.No. Scientific Name Common Name




1 Mangifera indica Aam

2 Emblica officinalis Amla

3 Ficus carica Anjir

4 Albizzia lebbeck Kala siras

5 Anthocephalus indicus Kadamb

6 Citrus medica Nimbu

7 Accia arabica Babool

8 Terminalia belerica Baheda

9 Ficus religiosa Peepal

10 Delbergia sissoo Shisham

11 Prosopis juliflora Vilayati babool

12 Cuscuta reflexa Amarbel

13 Dendrocalamus strictus Bans

14 Saccharum sp. Sugarcane

15 Aegle marmelos Bel

16 Pyrus communis Nashpati

17 Azadirachta indica Neem

18 Psidium guajava Amrood

19 Polyalthia longifolia Ashok

Source: Field Survey Report

3.14.3 Fauna

The presence of fauna depends on topography and vegetation in the area. The

animals like Neel Gai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Fox (Vulpes bengalensis), Hare

(Lepus nigricollis), are found in the study area. The reptiles like snake, lizard are

also found in the area. Among the birds mainly crow (Corvus splendens), sparrow

(Athene broma), dove, pigeon (Columba livia) are found in the area.

TABLE – 3.18 (B)

LIST OF FAUNA

S.No. Zoological Name Common Name

Schedule as per Indian Wild Life Act 1972

1. Boselaphus tragocamelus Nilgai III




2. Cynopterus sphinx vahl. Bat V

3. Funambulus pennanti

Five stripped palm squirrel

IV

4. Herpestes edwardsi Common mongoose IV

5. Lepus nigricollis Hare IV

6. Acridotheres tristis Myna IV

7. Columba livia Blue rock pigeon IV

8. Dinopium benghalense Woodpecker IV

9. Psittacula krameri Parrot IV

10. Corvus splendens. House crow V

11. Calotes vesicolor Common garden lizard IV

12. Canis lupus Dog IV

13. Capra aegagrus hircus Goats IV

14. Felis cattus Cat IV

15. Bubalus bubalis Buffaloes IV

16. Bufo malanostictus Toads IV

17. Rana tigrina Bull frog IV

Source: Field Survey Report

3.15 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

3.15.1 Reconnaissance

The economy of India is mainly based on agriculture sector and the main activity of

rural population being agriculture; the entire infrastructure is oriented towards this

activity.

An area is said to be developed, if it contains the facilities like pakka houses,

metalled roads, hospitals, qualified private doctors, higher secondary schools and

degree colleges, adequate water supply, electric supply, easily available transport

and recreational facilities etc.

Socio-economic study of an area gives an opportunity to assess the socio-economic

conditions of an area. By this study, the changes likely to occur in living and social




standards of the study area due to coming of this project can also be assessed. It can

undoubtedly be said that due to the coming of the plant the gross economic

production of the area will increase substantially. This plant may provide direct and

indirect employment and will improve the infrastructural facilities and standards of

living of the area.

An integral part of environmental study, which deals with the total environment, is

socio-economic environment incorporating various facts related to socio-economic

condition in the area. These includes demographic structure of the area, provision

of basic amenities viz., housing, education, health and medical services, occupation,

water supply, sanitation, communication, transportation, prevailing diseases,

pattern as well as feature of aesthetic significance such as temples, historical

monuments, etc. at the baseline level. This would help in visualizing and predicting

the likely impact depending upon the nature and magnitude of the project.

3.15.2 Methodology

The methodology adopted for the study is based on the review of secondary data,

such as district census statistical handbook-2001 and the records of national

Information centre, New Delhi for the parameters of demography, occupational

structure of people within the general study area of 10 km radius around the

proposed project site.

3.16 Demography

3.16.1 Demographic Structure (Based on Census Data 2001)

Table 3.18

Demography (10 km radius of the project site)

Punjab Mohali Distt.

Particulars 57665 55831

Male population 1,29,85,045 3,79,533

Female population 1,13,73,954 3,18,784

Total population 2,43,58,994 6,98,317




(Source: Socioeconomic survey and Census 2001)

3.17 CONCLUSION

All the basic facilities like road and rail network, medical facilities, post & telegraph,

market, drinking water facilities and education facilities are available. The proposed

project will be boon for the surrounding area .

Sex ratio 876/1000 840/1000

Density of population/km2 484 635

Literacy rate : total 69.7% 78.4%

Male 63.4% 83.8%

Female 75.2% 72.1%



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 96 96 96

CHAPTER -4

ANTICIPATED IMPACT & ITS MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment

Environment and development should be considered as mutually complementary,

interdependent, and an instrument of reinforcing the quality of life. Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) is the important aspect of overall environmental

management strategy and an important tool for sustainable development. It identifies

major impacts of Industrial and associated activities on environment and provides

guideline to prepare the necessary control measure termed as Environmental

Management Plan (EMP).

Alteration or modification of the above attributes may cause hazardous impact on

ecological equilibrium of site. Besides this there will be some other reasons which will

affect the environment viz. traffic network, and other vehicular movements, impacts

on flora & fauna of that area, surface drainage, and change in air, water and soil

quality. While for purpose of development and economic upliftment of people, there

is need for establishment of industries, but these have to be environmental friendly.

Therefore, it is essential to assess the impacts of Industry and its activities on

different environmental parameters, before starting the Industrial operations, so that

abatement measures could be planned in advance. The impacts on different

environmental parameters due to proposed project are discussed below:

4.1.1 Construction Phase

This phase involves the activities like erection of civil structures, movement /

removal of old construction, equipment and machinery, erection of new equipment

and machinery, green belt development etc.

Air, Noise and Land are likely to be effected by these activities, although

Aesthetics and Socio-economic factors are also identified. But the impacts will be



_____________________________________________________________________________________


marginal and for short term only. The green belt development will have positive

impacts.

4.1.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE

This phase of the project is important because it generates long-term impacts

as the production starts. The primary impacts causing likely deterioration will be in

Air, Water, Noise and Land / Soil due to the gaseous emissions, vehicular

movement, discharge of liquid effluent.

This phase includes following activities:

• Raw material storage

• Product manufacturing

• Product storage

• Transportation

• Gaseous emission

• Effluent discharge

• Solid waste generation

• Occasional equipment failure / Process upset and related problems

• Industrial development

• Chemical Hazards

• Generation of employment opportunity

• Contribution to social welfare

4.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The impact has been predicted separately for construction and operation phase of the

project.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


4.2.1 Construction Phase

The sources of air emissions during construction phase will be due to development

of site, emissions from vehicles used for transportation of men and material and

exhaust emission from construction equipments. These activities will result in

emission of SO2, NO2 and particulate matter. However, the quantum of these

emissions will be very small and that too only for a very short period. Hence no long

term adverse impact on air quality is likely to occur due to construction phase.

Proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles will prevent gaseous and fugitive

emissions during construction phase.

It is proposed to have a Green Belt plantation along the boundary of the plot,

which will intercept the dispersing particulates. Also the sprinkling of water is

recommended in areas where dust emission is expected within the plant.

However the internal roads of plant are asphalted and hence dust emission shall be

to minimum.

4.2.2 OPERATION PHASE

During operation phase, air emissions both gaseous and fugitive will be on account of

process emissions from stacks, transportation of men and material.

Thus the under cited mitigation measures will be adopted:

The main raw material and product shall be brought in and dispatched by road in

covered enclosures.

It will be ensured that the vehicle owners must have valid PUC Certificate

It will be ensured that vehicles are not overloaded during transportation.

Dust suppression on haul roads will be done at regular intervals.

Boiler ash will be transferred in closed conveyors to the end users to avoid any

spillage.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Besides this odour is also a problem in the project due to typical odour compounds

Better housekeeping by regular steaming of all fermentation equipment.

Use of efficient bio-cides to control bacterial contamination.

Control of temperature during fermentation to avoid in-activation / killing of yeast.

Air Treatment Technology will manage aerial emission prior to discharge to the

atmosphere via a stack. The stack will be designed to be of sufficient height (52 m)

to aid dispersion to the point where emissions will not impact on any receptors.

4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase

Ground water - During the construction phase of proposed project, water will be

required for construction activities at site. This requirement of water will be drawn

through the ground water. The exploitation of ground water resources during the

construction phase will not have a significant impact on the ground water availability

in the area.

Drinking water facility will be provided to the construction workers and waste water

will be discharged into septic tanks via soak pits. Also there will be no constructional

discharge from the site which can have any impact on the water quality.

Operation Phase

Water requirement of the plant is proposed to be met by ground water & recycled

water. The proposed project would have “zero Effluent discharge”.

The detailed treatment of wastewater generated is described in Chapter 2 of this EIA

report.

4.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise environment get disturbed due to vehicles used for the transportation of raw

material and finished product from the Project site. Use of DG sets, and machinery

used in production activities also contribute to noise pollution.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Mitigation measures:

Periodical monitoring of ambient noise will be done as per CPCB guidelines.

Proper maintenance of all equipments/machines will be carried out which help in

reducing noise during operations.

Plantation will be taken up along the approach roads and side. The plantation

minimizes propagation of noise and also arrests dust.

Use of ear-protecting devices will be provided to personnel working in high

noise generating zones. Anti-vibrating pads/ acoustic enclosure shall be provided

to the DG set.

4.5 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

There is no discharge of waste water onto land. The solid wastes shall be

segregated according to their properties, packed, transported and stored in a

separate impervious storage area demarcated for them. They will then be disposed

off according to the requirements of statutory authorities. Hence implementation

of project will not have any major effect on the soil environment.

Mitigation

No toxic /waste water will be disposed directly on land.

Vegetation will be done on uncovered soil.

4.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

There are no Forest, National Park and Protected Sanctuaries within the study

area, no impact is anticipated on the same.

In spite of there being no impact, efforts will be made not only to maintain the

ecological balance of the surroundings but also to improve upon the same.

The attributes that are identified to describe ecology are animals, birds, fish,

field crops, threatened species, natural vegetation etc. The study area does not

have any identified endangered species, Forest, National Park, Sanctuaries and

hence there is no question of any adverse impact on the same.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Emphasis will be placed on social forestry programme wherein tree plantation

would be undertaken within the plant premises. The tree plantation under this

programme would help in absorbing atmospheric heat, noise as well as pollutants.

Hence, all efforts will be put-up by the project proponent to maintain the

ecological balance and improve the environment in terms of ecology and Green Belt

development.

4.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The proposed project is in a well-established and industrial notified estate. Thus,

the said project will not have any significant impact on Socio-economic

pattern of the surrounding region. The project shall generate indirect employment

opportunities, which will contribute to social upliftment of the people in surrounding

area.

4.8 LAND ENVIRONMENT AND AESTHETICS

The required plant & machinery for the full production capacity will be installed

within the said premises. No new land is to be acquired for the proposed project.

Thus, no adverse impact is likely to be generated on the land environment and

general aesthetics of the area.

Construction Phase is for small period during erection and installation of machineries

and therefore there is no question of impacts on land use pattern. During operational

phase, there will not be any effect on land.

Adequate air pollution control equipments at various pollutant generation sources

shall be proposed. Adequate height of the stack will help in dispersing the pollutants

emitted from the stacks effectively into the atmosphere.

The Hazardous wastes generated from the unit are Sulphur Sludge, Catalyst dust and

used DG Set oils. The Sulphur sludge & Catalyst Dust will be sent to TSDF site

Nimbuan Dera Bassi for final disposal & used oil from D.G. Set shall be sold to



_____________________________________________________________________________________


recyclers. There are no other hazardous wastes.

Other waste such as solids from APCD, Ash from the Boiler furnace will be properly

dispose. Solids from APCD will be disposed off at designated land filling site. Ash from

boiler will be used for land fill site.

4.9 CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

The workers working in the industry are of different culture and religion. The

interaction and intermingling of all these people will improve the understanding of

various cultures. This will definitely improve and strengthen friendliness,

brotherhood and unity among them.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


CHAPTER - 5

ENVIRONMENTAL MONIROTING PROGRAMME

5.0 INTRODUCTION

Environmental Monitoring is an essential tool for sustainable development &

ensuring effective most implementation & monitoring of Environmental management

plan & mitigation measures. It is also very essential to keep updating the

environmental management system for effective conservation of environment along

with ongoing project activities/operation. The environment monitoring plan

enables environmental management system with early sign of need for

additional action and modification of ongoing actions for environment

management, improvement & conservation. It provides exact idea for

mitigation measures to be implemented as it is linked with actual distraction of

environmental quality due to the project activities. Hence, monitoring of critical

parameters of environmental quality is very essential in the routine activity

schedule of project operation. An Environmental Monitoring Programme shall be

scheduled for the following major objectives:

Assessment of the changes in environmental conditions, if any, during the

project operation/activities.

Monitoring & tracking the effectiveness of Environment Management

Plan & implementation of mitigation measures planned.

Identification of any significant adverse transformation in environmental

condition to Plan additional mitigation measures

5.1 Monitoring Points / Locations & Components

The environmental monitoring points shall be decided considering the

environmental impacts likely to occur due to the operation of proposed project

as the main scope of monitoring program is to track timely & regularly, the

change in environmental conditions and to take timely action for protection of

environment. The monitoring points/location & components of significance shall be



_____________________________________________________________________________________


as following:

Table 5.1 Post Project Environmental Monitoring Locations

Sr. No. Environmental Components Monitoring Points/ Location

1. Ambient Air Ambient air quality monitoring at 6

locations within the plant premises having

1 location in upwind direction (Mirpur 6.2

Km, NW)and 2 locations in Downwind

direction (Sultanpur 4.2 Km SE, Khatauli

6.2 Km SE)

2. Water & Waste water Intake Raw Water Quality

Wastewater from all sources.

Wastewater at different stages of

Effluent treatment Process.

3. Emission At Source of emission (Stacks) from

Sampling Port

Process emission in workplace

area/plants (for each area/plant

minimum 2 locations & 1 location

outside plant area near vent)

4. Noise At all source and outside the Plant

area.

At least 5 points near/around the

plant Boundary.

5. Greenbelt/Vegetation Cover Greenbelt Area at Boundary & Garden

6. Solid Waste Process dust generated & collected as

Solid wastes.

Domestic Biological Solid waste

before manuring & prepared



_____________________________________________________________________________________


manure/compost.

7. Soil At least two locations from area near

Solid/ hazardous waste storage/

Dumping Area.

At least five locations from Greenbelt

& area where manure of biological

waste is applied.

5.2 MONITORING PARAMETERS & FREQUENCY

The monitoring parameters and frequency of monitoring shall be as following:

Table 5.2:

Parameters & Frequency for Post Project Environmental Monitoring

Sr.

No

Item

Parameters Frequency

1. Ambient Air quality

PM 2.5, PM 10, SO2, NO2, CO, NH3, VOC Once in a Month

2. Stationary Emission from Stack

PM , SO2, NOX Once in a Month

3. Process emission Fugitive gaseous pollutant expected. Once in a Month

4. Water & Wastewater

pH, Temperature, EC, Turbidity, Total

Dissolved Solids, Calcium, magnesium,

Total hardness, Total Alkalinity,

Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates, DO, COD,

BOD, oil & Grease, Metals expected in

effluent.

Monthly

5. Treated Sewage / Effluent

pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, oil & Grease,

Metals expected in effluent.

Monthly

6. Noise Equivalent noise level- dB (A) Once in a Month



_____________________________________________________________________________________


7. Soil, Solid wastes & Manure / Compost

pH, Humidity, Texture, Organic matter,

N, P, K, Sulphate, Calcium, Magnesium,

C:N ratio.

Quarterly

8. Greenbelt Number of plantation (Units), Number

of Survived plants/ trees, Number of

poor plants/ Trees

Ongoing- round the year

9. Environmental Audit

As per Direction of ISO 14001 Once in a Year

5.3 MONITORING METHODOLOGIES

Monitoring of environmental samples shall be done as per the guidelines

provided by MoEF / CPCB/ PPCB. The method followed shall be

recommended / standard method approved / recommended by MoEF /

CPCB.

5.4 REPORTING & DOCUMENTATION

The records of the monitoring program shall be kept on regular basis for all

aspects of the monitoring. Separate records for water, wastewater, solid

wastes, air emission, soil & manure / compost shall be prepared and

preserved regularly.

Immediately upon the completion of monitoring as per the planned schedule,

report shall be prepared & necessary documents shall be forwarded to the

concerned person.

Methodology of monitoring (sampling & analysis) shall be prepared as

separate documents as SOP (standard Operating Procedure) wherever

required.

The records showing results / outcome of the monitoring programs shall be

prepared as per the requirement of the schedule mentioned above.



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Regularly, these documents & records shall be reviewed for necessary

improvement of the monitoring plan / mitigation measures / environmental

technologies as well as for necessary actions of Environmental Management

Cell.

5.5 BUDGET & PROCUREMENT SCHEDULE

On regular basis, Environment Management Cell shall inspect the necessity &

vailability of the materials, technologies, services & maintenance works. The

Cell shall make appropriate budget for the purpose. Regular record review

for any change in financial requirement of environment management shall

be done and appropriate budgetary provisions shall be made. Along with

other budgets, Budget for environmental management shall be prepared

and revised regularly as per requirement. The budget shall include provisions

for:

• Environmental Monitoring Program

• Operation & Maintenance of Environmental Technologies / Equipments

• Laboratory works for Environmental management activities

• Emergency Purchase of necessary material, equipments, tools, services

• Greenbelt development

• Social & Environmental Welfare & Awareness programs / training (CSR)

• Annual Environmental Audit.



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Vardan EnviroNet 108

CHAPTER - 6

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

6.0 INTRODUCTION

As per the EIA notification dated 14th September 2006, the first technical presentation

i.e. the ToR presentation has been done. The committee has suggested various

additional Terms of References (ToRs) for the preparation of the Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) Report and Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

through its File No. J-11011/178/2013/1A-II (I) letter dated 26th September, 2013.

The following Additional Studies were done in reference to the additional Terms of

References;

A) Public Consultation

B) Risk Assessment

Detailed proceedings of public hearing conducted on 30.01.2015 are as follows:

6.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

The Public Hearing for the proposed Project was conducted on 30.01.2015 at 12:30

pm at Village Nimbua, Tehsil –Dera Bassi, Distt. Mohali, Punjab.

The advertisements for public hearing was given in English News Paper “The

Tribune and Daily Post (English daily)” dated 31.12.14 and Ajit (Punjabi Daily)

dated 01.01.2015 informing the Venue, date and time for Environmental public

hearing for this project is attached below.

Date of receiving ToR Letter - 26.09.2013

Date of Public Hearing - 30.01.215



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6.1.1 Public Hearing Proceeding minutes



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Public Hearing Proceeding minutes in local language



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6.1.1.1 Photographs of the Public Hearing



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Figure 6.1 Photographs Showing Public Hearing Conduction



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6.1.2 Public Attendance Sheet



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6.1.2.1 Issue raised during public hearing

Table 6.1

Main Concerns/Issues Raised During Public Hearing

S

No.

Detail of Villagers Question Raised Reply given by PP/ Consultant

1 Mr. Ajay Kumar

Yadav s/o Mr. Ram

Sevak Yadav R/O

Village Mubarkpur

What will be qualification of

the candidate applying for

the job in the industry?

The Environmental Consultant of the company

informed that the qualification will be based on

the requirement of the position in the various

departments of the industry

2 Sh. Iqbal khan S/o

Shree Basheer

Mohd, R/O

Mubarkpur,

Derabassi

What will be benefits for the

residents of the area after the

establishment of the

industry?

The Environmental consultant of the company

informed that there will be development of the

area and generation of employment with the

coming up of the industry. Also, the industry will

generate revenue for the state

3 Sh. Didar Singh

Nambardar Village

Sundran, Dera

Bassi

The establishment of the

industry will be beneficial for

the village and nearby areas

therefore the residents of

this area are very much

interested for this new

project and requested to give

preference to the residents of

nearby villages for job in the

company

The Environmental consultant on behalf of

company thanked Nambardar for his remarks

and for showing interest in coming up of the

project . He also assured that the local public will

be given preference during recruitment of the

staff.

4 Conclusion The public hearing held smoothly and ended with a vote of thanks to

the chair.



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6.2 RISK ASSESSMENT

Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various

hazards (unsafe conditions) thaï exist in the plant. On the other hand, risk

analysis deals with the identification and quantification of risks, the plant

equipment and personnel are exposed to, due to accidents resulting from the

hazards present in the plant.

Risk analysis involves the identification and assessment of risks to the

neighboring populations is exposed to as a result of hazards present. This requires an

assessment of failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of

population etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or generate. Consequently,

the risk analysis is often confined to maximum credible accident studies.

In the sections below, the identification of various hazards, probable risks involved

in the Chemical industry , maximum credible accident analysis, consequence

analysis are addressed which give a broad identification of risks involved in the

process. Based on the risk estimation for fuel and chemical storage, Disaster

Management Plan (DMP) has been prepared.

There is always possibility of occurrence of incidents in an industry which requires

proper Risk assessment and proper safety preparedness. Activities requiring

assessment of risk due to occurrence of most probable instances of hazard and

accident are both on site and off-site.

On-site

Exposure to fugitive dust, Chemicals , noise, and other emissions

Housekeeping practices requiring contact with solid and liquid wastes

Emission/spillage etc. from storage & handling

Off-site

Exposure to pollutants released from offsite/ storage/related activities



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Contamination due to accidental releases or normal release in combination with

natural hazard

Deposition of toxic pollutants in vegetation / other sinks and possible sudden

releases due to accidental occurrences

Risk Assessment is a 4 part process:

Hazard Identification

What chemicals are present & are they likely to be toxic

Exposure Assessment

Who is exposed, at what concentration, how often & for how long

Toxicity Assessment

How it is toxic and at what exposure levels

Risk Characterization

What does the risk assessment tell us about this

Baseline Data & Analysis

Risk assessment often requires the synthesis of risk profiles, which represent the

probability distribution of total annual loss due to a certain set of events or activities.

These assessments usually involve estimation of losses for several sub-classifications

of the overall process and synthesis of the results into an aggregate risk profile.

An important element of mitigation is emergency planning, i.e. identifying accident

possibility, assessing the consequences of such accidents and deciding on the

emergency procedures, both on site and off site that would need to be implemented in

the event of an emergency.

Impact of the project

Major risk involved in the Chemical industry are:

Fire in Electric Panels, Oil room and Chemical storage.

Waste treatment processes.



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Cleaning of barrels, which have held chemical substances.

Cable rooms, transformer, unit, auxiliary transformers, oil tanks, etc. within the plant

are the likely areas for which disaster management plan is to be made to deal with

any eventuality of fire. Stores, workshop, canteen and administrative building will be

included.

6.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Definition

A major emergency in an activity/project is one which has the potential to cause

serious injury or loss of life. It may cause extensive damage to property and serious

disruption both inside and outside the activity/project. It would normally require the

assistance of emergency services to handle it effectively.

6.3.1 Scope

An important element of mitigation is emergency planning, i.e. identifying accident

possibility, assessing the consequences of such accidents and deciding on the

emergency procedures, both on site and off site that would need to be implemented in

the event of an emergency.

Emergency planning is just one aspect of safety and cannot be considered in isolation

from the proposed project and hence before starting to prepare the plan, works

management will ensure that the necessary standards, appropriate to safety

legislation, are in place.

66..33..22 Objective

The overall objectives of the emergency plan will be:

To localize the emergency and, eliminate it; and

To minimize the effects of the accident on people and property.



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Elimination will require prompt action by operations and works emergency staff

using, for example, fire–fighting equipment, water sprays etc.

Minimizing the effects may include rescue, first aid, evacuation, rehabilitation and

giving information promptly to people living nearby.

Identification of Hazards

The following types of hazards may be identified are:

Fire in Electric Panels, Oil room and chemical storage.

Waste treatment processes.

Cleaning of barrels, which have held chemical substances.

To deal the above emergencies, the Emergency Plan is prepared.

Safety Measures for Storage & Handling of Chemicals

The Chemicals will be directly fed to the bottling unit mechanically and no manual

handling will be involved which will reduce the risk of spillage in the storage area.

Following precautionary measures would be taken for safety:

HANDLING AND STORAGE : Keeping away from heat, sparks and open flame, care

will be taken for avoidance of spillage, skin and eye contact, well ventilation, Use of

approved respirator if air contamination is above acceptable level will be promoted.

For Storage and handling following precautions will be taken:

Keeping away from oxidizers, heat and flames.

Avoidance of plastics, rubber and coatings in the storage area.

Cool, dry, & ventilated storage and closed containers.

Grounding of the container and transferring of equipment to eliminate static

electric sparks.

In case of any emergency following measures would be taken:

First Aid Measures: For Skin contact, Eye contact, & Inhalation.



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Fire Fighting Measures:

Use of extinguishing media surrounding the fire as water, dry chemicals , Sand,

dolomite, etc.

Foam System for fire fighting will be provided to control fire from the chemical

storage tank. The foam thus produced will suppress fire by separating the chemical

from the air (oxygen), and hence avoiding the fire & explosion to occur in the tank.

Foam would blanket the fuel surface smothering the fire. The fuel will also be

cooled by the water content of the foam.

The foam blanket suppresses the release of flammable vapors that can mix with

the air.

Special Fire Fighting Procedures; Keeping the fire upwind. Shutting down of all

possible sources of ignition, keeping of run-off water out of sewers and water

sources. Avoidance of water in straight hose stream which will scatter and spread

fire. Use of spray or fog nozzles will be promoted, Cool containers will be exposed

to flames with water from the side until well after the fire is out.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES : For Spill Cleanup well Ventilation, Shutting off

or removal of all possible sources of ignition, absorbance of small quantities with

paper towels and evaporate in safe place like fume hood and burning of these towels

in a safe manner), Use of respiratory and/or liquid-contact protection by the Clean-

up personnel will be promoted.

6.4 Emergency Planning

General

Disaster Management Plan for an industrial unit is necessarily a combination of

various actions which are to be taken in a very short time but in a present sequence to

deal effectively and efficiently with any disaster, emergency or major accident with an

aim to keep the loss of men, material, plant/machinery etc. to the minimum.



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The main functions of the Disaster Management Cell are to prepare a detailed

Disaster Management Plan, which includes:

Identification of various types of expected disaster depending upon the type of

the industrial unit.

Identification of various groups, agencies, departments etc. necessary for

dealing with a specific disaster effectively.

Preparation – by intensive training of relevant teams/groups within the

organization to deal with a specific disaster and keep them in readiness.

Establishment of an early detection system for the disaster.

Development of a reliable instant information/communication system.

Organization and mobilization of all the concerned departments/ organizations

/ groups and agencies instantly when needed.

A major disaster that can be expected due to fire in this proposed distillery.

6.4.1 Emergency Planning for Disaster due to Fire

Cable rooms, transformer unit, auxiliary transformers, oil tanks, etc. within the plant

are the likely areas for which disaster management plan is to be made to deal with

any eventuality of fire. Stores, workshop, canteen and administrative building will be

included.

Classification of Fire

Class (A)

Fire involving combustible materials like wood, paper, cloth etc.

Class (B)

Fire due to liquid materials like oil, diesel, petroleum products and all inflammables.

Class (C)

Fires involving domestic and industrial gases like butane and propane etc.

Class (D)



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Metal fires etc.

Class (E)

Electrical fires due to short circuiting etc.

6.4.2 Need of Establishing a Fire Fighting Group

A small spark of fire may result into loss of machines and the damage by fire may high

economic losses. This type of losses can be avoided by preventing and controlling the

fire instantly for which fire–fighting group will be established.

Establish which would house and keep in readiness, the following types of equipment

and arrangements.

CO2 extinguishers

Dry powder chemical extinguishers

Foam extinguishers

80 mm. spray hoses

Fire brigade

Fire hydrant

Protocol (chemical to combat oil fires).

In order to avoid fire in cable galleries, all the power and control cables of FRLS type

(Fire Resistant Low Smoke) will be used.

6.4.3 Inspection

Fire alarm panel (electrical) will cover the entire plant. The inspection group will

periodically inspect fire extinguishers in fire stations and machines and other places.

The groups will display emergency telephone number boards at vital points. The

group will regularly carry out general inspection for fire.

6.4.4 Procedure for Extinguishing Fire

The following steps will be taken during a fire accident in the system:



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As soon as the message is received about fire, one of the systems will be diverted to

the place of the fire accident along with a staff member.

Simultaneously plant fire station will be informed by phone walkie for fire brigades

and fire stations of nearby area.

In the meanwhile, the pipe system will be operated to obtain maximum pressure on

output. In case cables are within the reach of fire, power supply will be tripped and

the cables shifted.

6.4.5 Fire Fighting with Water

Adequate and reliable arrangement is required for fighting the fire with water such

as:

1. Provision for Fire brigade and Fire hydrant.

2. Arrangement of pipelines along and around all vulnerable areas.

3. Provision of valves at appropriate points to enable supply of water at the

required place/area or divert the same to another direction/pipe line.

4. Provision of overhead tanks which will be providing with the water during

power failure and it would work by the gravitational force.

6.4.6 Sources of Water for Fire Fighting

The following two sources of water have been considered for firefighting:

Overhead Tank

Raw Water Reservoir

6.4.7 Fire Fighting with Fire Extinguishers

To deal with fire – other than carbonaceous fires, which can be deal with by water –

suitable fire extinguishers are required to do the job effectively. It is therefore,

necessary to keep adequate number of extinguishers in readiness at easily

approachable places. Adequate number of fire stations would be:

Further, other spray groups from the system will be diverted to the spot.



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In case of fire in the belt, belt will be cut near the burning portion to save the

remaining parts.

After extinguishing the fire, the area will be well prepared for reuse.

Foam System for firefighting will be provided to control fire from the alcohol

storage tank. The foam thus produced will suppress fire by separating the fuel

from the air (oxygen), and hence avoiding the fire & explosion to occur in the

tank. Foam would blanket the fuel surface smothering the fire. The fuel will also

be cooled by the water content of the foam.

The foam blanket suppresses the release of flammable vapors that can mix with

the air.

6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

Apart from having an EMP, it is also necessary to have a permanent organizational set

up charged with the task of proposed plant will create a department consisting of

officers from various disciplines to co–ordinate the activities concerned with the

management and implementation of the environmental control measures.

Basically this department will undertake to monitor the environmental pollution

levels by measuring stack emissions, ambient air quality, water and effluent quality,

noise level etc. either departmentally or by appointing external agencies wherever

necessary.

In case the monitored results of environmental pollution are found exceeding the

allowable values, the environmental management cell will suggest remedial action

and get these suggestions implemented through the concerned plant authorities. The

actual operation and maintenance of pollution control equipment of each unit will be

under the respective plant managers.

The Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will handle of all the related activities

such as collection of statistics of health of workers and population of the region,

afforestation and green belt development.



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6.6 On–Site Emergency Plan

6.6.1 Introduction

The views of the possible hazards that can arise out of the daily operations in the

chemical industry, various measures are adopted to prevent the occurrence of a

major accident. This comprises of:

Built in safety measures, alarms, trips and interlocks etc.

Standard safe operating and maintenance procedures permit system etc.

Training of all the involved staff in normal and emergency operating

procedures.

Training of all employees in safety, fire fighting and first aid.

However, in spite of these precautions, it is required to foresee situation of major

accident and plan for taking timely action to minimize the effects of such incident on

the safety and health of persons working in the plant as well as those living around

the premises.

6.6.2 Preparation of Plan

Alarm System

A siren shall be provided under the control of Security office in the plant premises to

give warning. In case of emergencies this will be used on the instructions to shift in

charge that is positioned round the clock. The warning signal for emergency shall be

as follows:

Emergency Siren: Waxing and waning sound for 3 minutes.

All clear signal: Continuous siren for one minute.

Communication

Walkies & Talkies are located at strategic locations; internal telephone system

EPBX with external P&T telephones would be provided.



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6.6.3 Fire Protection System

Fire Fighting System

The fire protection system for the unit is to provide for early detection, alarm,

containment and suppression of fires. The fire detection and protection system has

been planned to meet the above objective an all–statutory and insurance requirement

of Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) of India. The complete fire protection system will

comprise of the following.

(a) Fire brigade

Automatic / manual fire detection & alarm system

(b) Fire Hydrant

Fire hydrant will be provided at all around in the plant as per TAC Norms.

(c) Portable fire extinguishers

Various areas of the plant will have one or more of the above system depending upon

the particular nature of risk involved in that area.

(d) Portable Chemical Fire Extinguishers

These are intended as a first line of defense, and hence will be stationed at strategic

locations in different buildings and also for outdoor facilities. Portable fire

extinguishers will be foam type; carbon dioxide type and multipurpose dry chemical

(MPDC) type.

(e) Fire Detection and Alarm System

Fire detection and alarm system an effective means of detection, visual indication of

fire location and audible alarm of any fire at its incipient stage. This system will

comprise fire alarm panels, automatic fire detectors, manual call points and fire siren

(hooter).



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The main fire alarm panel will provide both visual and audible alarm of fire in any

protected areas of the plant.

Manual break glass type fire alarms will be provided at strategic locations where high

hazards exits. Automatic fire detectors will be provided for chemical handling areas

and in plant areas such as control rooms, switchgear rooms, cable galleries etc.

66..77 First Aid

A first aid centre with adequate facilities shall be provided. It shall be maintained

round the clock by a compounder cum dresser and a doctor. An Ambulance shall also

be provided at site to carry affected people to hospital.

6.8 Security

The security requirements of the company premises shall be taken care of by CSO

assisted by a Fire In charge. The team, apart from the normal security functions will

manage the role required during a disaster management operation as a part of the

crisis control team.

6.9 Safety

The safety wing led by a Safety Manager will meet the requirement of emergencies

round the clock. The required safety appliances shall be distributed at different

locations of the plant to meet any eventualities. Poster/placards reflecting safety

awareness will be placed at different locations in the plant area.

Key Personnel

The actions necessary in an emergency will clearly depend upon the prevailing

circumstances. Nevertheless, it is imperative that the required actions are initiated

and directed by nominated people, each having specified responsibilities as part of

coordinated plan. Such nominated personnel are known as Key Personnel. The

detailed on-site emergency plan presented in Figure No. 6.1. The Key Personnel are

Site Controller (SC)



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Incidental Controller (IC)

Liaison and Communication Officer (LCO)

Fire and Security Officer (FSO)

Team Leaders (TL)

Site Controller (SC)

In the emergency situation, decisions have to be taken which may affect the whole or

a substantial part of the plant and even places outside. Many of these decisions will be

taken in collaboration with the other officers at the plant and the staff. It is essential

that the authority to make decision be invested in one individual. In this plan, he is

referred to as the 'Site Controller'. The Plant Manager (however called) or his

nominated deputy will assume responsibility as SC.

Responsibilities of SC

On getting information about emergency, proceed to Main Control Centre;

Call in outside emergency services;

Take control of areas outside the plant, which are affected;

Maintain continuous communication, review situation and assess possible

course of events;

Direct evacuation of nearby settlements, if necessary;

Ensure that casualties are getting enough help;

Incident Controller (IC)

In the emergency situation, someone has to direct the operations in the plant area

and co-ordinate the actions of outside emergency services at the scene of incident.

The one who will shoulder this responsibility is known as 'Incident Controller' in this

plan. A Senior Operations Officer or an officer of similar rank of the unit may be

nominated to act as the IC.

Responsibilities of IC

Activate emergency procedure such as calling in various teams



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Direct all operations within plant with following priorities:

a) Control and contain emergency

b) Secure safety of personnel

c) Minimize damage to plant, property and the environment

d) Minimize loss of material

Direct rescue and repair activities

Guide fire-fighting teams

Arrange to search affected area and rescue trapped persons

Arrange to evacuate non-essential personnel to safe area/assembly point

Set up communications network and establish communication with SC

Arrange for additional help/equipment to key personnel of various teams

Consider need for preserving all records, information for subsequent enquiries

Liaison and Communication Officer (LCO)

Operations Officer or any other officer of deputy rank will work as LCO and will be

stationed at the main entrance during emergency to handle Police, Press and other

enquiries. He will maintain communication with the IC.

Responsibilities of LCO

To ensure that casualties receive adequate attention, arrange additional help if

required and inform relatives.

To control traffic movements into the plant and ensure that alternative

transport is available when need arises.

When emergency is prolonged, arrange for the relief of personnel and organize

refreshments/catering facility.



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Advise the Site Controller of the situation, recommending (if necessary)

evacuation of staff from assembly points.

Recruit suitable staff to act as runners between the Incident Controller and

himself if the telephone and other system of communication fail. Maintain contact

with congregation points

In case of a prolonged emergency involving risk to outside areas by windblown

materials contact local meteorological office to receive early notification of

changes in weather conditions

Fire and Safety officer (FSO)

The Fire and Safety Officer will be responsible for firefighting. On hearing the fire

alarm, he shall contact the fire station immediately and advise the security staff in the

plant and cancel the alarm. He will also announce on PAS (public Address System) or

convey through telephones or messengers to the SC, IC and LCO about the incident

zone. He will open the gates nearest to the incident and stand by to direct the

emergency services. He will also be responsible for isolation of equipment from the

affected zone.

Responsibilities of FSO

Announce over the PAS in which zone the incident has occurred and on the

advice of the Shift Officer informs the staff to evacuate the assembly

Inform the Shift Officer In-charge, if there is any large escape of products Call

out in the following order:

1) Incident Controller or his nominated deputy

2) Maintenance Officer

3) Personnel and Administrative Officer

4) Departmental Head in whose area the incident occurred

5) Team Leaders (TL)



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Team Leaders (TL)

A number of special activities may have to be carried out by specified personnel to

control as well as minimize the damage and loss. For this purpose designated teams

would be available. Each team will be headed by a Team Leader (TL). Following teams

are suggested

Repair Team

Fire Fighting Team

Communication Team

Security Team

Safety Team

Medical Team

Figure 6.2 On-Site Emergency plan



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Emergency Control Center

Provision is made to establish an Emergency Control Centre (ECC) from which

emergency operations are directed and coordinated. This centre is activated as soon

as on–site emergency is declared.

The ECC consists of one room, located in an area that offers minimal risk being

directly exposed to possible accidents.

During an emergency, the Emergency Management Staff, including the site controller

will gather in the ECC. Therefore, the ECC is equipped with adequate communication

systems in the form of telephones and other equipments to allow unhampered

organisations and other nearby facility personnel.

The ECC provides shelter to its occupants against the most common accidents; in

addition, the ECC’s communication systems are protected from possible shutdown.

The ECC has its own emergency lighting arrangement and electric communication

systems operation.

Only a limited and prearranged number of people are admitted to the ECC, when in

use. This eliminates unnecessary interference and reduces confusion.

The ECC is always ready for operation and provided with the equipment and supplies

necessary during the emergency such as:

Updated copies of the On–site Disaster Management Plan.

Emergency telephone numbers.

The names, phone number, and address of external agencies, response

organizations and neighbouring facilities.

The adequate number of telephone (more than two).

Emergency lights, Clocks, Personal protective equipment.

List of fire extinguishers with their type no. and location, capacity, etc.

Safety helmets – List of quantity & location.



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Status boards/message board.

Material safety data sheets for chemicals handled at the facility.

Several maps of the facility including drainage system for surrounding area

showing:

Areas where hazardous materials are stored.

Plot plans of storage tanks, routes of pipelines, all water permanent lines etc.

The locations where personal protective equipment are stored.

The position of pumping stations and other water sources.

Roads and plant entrances.

Assembly areas & layout of Hydrant lines.

6.10 COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENTS AND ALARM SYSTEMS

This kind of equipment is absolutely vital for notifying accident; make the emergency

known both inside and outside of the facility, and coordinating, the response actions

among the various groups involved in response operations.

In particular, this equipment is used to communicate within the facility; communicate

between the facility and outside organizations; and inform the public.

Different communications systems can vary in effectiveness, depending on the task.

The most common types installed in the plant are given below.

6.10.1 Sirens

These are audible alarm systems commonly used in facilities. In case of any

emergency siren will be operated short intermittently for 1.5 minutes.

An alarm does more than just emergency warning. It also instructs people to carry out

specific assignments, such as reach to assembly point for further instructions and

actions, or carry out protective measures; this can be achieved only if the people are

familiar with the alarm systems and are trained to respond to it.



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6.10.2 Personal Protective Equipments

This equipment is used mainly for three reasons; to protect personnel from a hazard

while performing rescue/accident control operations, to do maintenance and repair

work under hazardous conditions, and for escape purposes. The list of Personal

Protective Equipment provided at the facility and their locations are available in ECC.

Effective command and control accomplish these functions necessitates personal

trained in this On–site Disaster Management Plan with adequate facilities and

equipments and equipment to carry out their duties and functions. These

organizations and the facilities required to support their response are summarized in

the following subsections.

6.10.3 Procedure for Testing & Updating the Plan

Simulated emergency preparedness exercises and mock fire fighting exercises

including mutual aid scheme resources and in conservation with district emergency

authority to be carried out time to time.

6.10.4 Disclosure of Information to Worker & Public Awareness System in Existence

& Anticipated

Safety awareness among workers by conserving various training

programmes and Seminars, competition, slogans etc.

Practical exercise.

Distribution and practices of safety Instructions.

Safety Quiz contests.

Display of Safety Posters & Safety Slogans.

Developing Safety Instructions for every Job and ensuring these

instructions/booklets or manuals by the workers.

6.11 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

Off-Site Emergency Planning



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The off-site emergency plan is an integral part of any hazard control system. It should

be based on those accidents identified by the works management, which could affect

people and the environment outside the works. Thus, the off-site plan follows

logically from the analysis that took place to provide the basis for the on-site plan and

the two plans should therefore complement each other. The key feature of a good off-

site emergency plan is flexibility in its application to emergencies other than those

specifically included in the formation of the plan.

The roles of the various parties that may be involved in the implementation of an off-

site plan are described below. The responsibility for the off-site plan will be likely to

rest either with the works management or with the local authority.

Either way, the plan must identify an emergency coordinating officer who would take

overall command of the off-site activities. An early decision will be required in many

cases on the advice to be given to people living “within range” of the accident – in

particular whether they should be evacuated or told to go indoors. Consideration of

evacuation may include the following factors:

(a) In the case of a major fire but without explosion risk (e.g. an oil storage tank),

only houses close to the fire are likely to need evacuation, although a severe

smoke hazard may require this to be reviewed periodically.

(b) But if the fire is escalating, it might be necessary to evacuate the people nearby,

but only if there is time; if insufficient time exists, people should be advised to

stay indoors and shield themselves from the fire.

Organization

Details of command structure, warning systems, implementation procedures,

emergency control centers Name and appointments of incident controller, site main

controller, their deputies and other key personnel.

Communications



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Identification of personnel involved, communication center, call signs, network, list of

telephone numbers.

Special Emergency Equipment

Details of availability and location of heavy lifting gear, specified fire-fighting

equipment, fireboats etc.

Voluntary Organizations

Details of organizers, telephone numbers, resources, etc.

Chemical information

Details of the hazardous substances, if any, stored or processed on each site and a

summary of the risks associated with them.

Meteorological information

Arrangements for obtaining details of weather conditions prevailing at the time and

weather forecasts.

Humanitarian Arrangements

Transport, evacuation centers, emergency feeding, treatment of injured, first aid,

ambulances, temporary mortuaries.

Public Information

Arrangements for

a) Dealing with the media-press office

b) Informing relatives, etc.

Assessment

Arrangements for

(a) Collecting information on the causes of the emergency

(b) Reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of the emergency plan.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Figure 6.3-Off-site Emergency plan

Risk Reduction Measure

Based on hazard identification, consequence analysis and safety measures to be

adopted at the plant, following suggestions for improvement of safety at the plant are

emerged.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


For risk mitigation/reduction, attempts will be made to either reduce inventories that

could get released in the event of loss of containment of failure likelihood’s or both as

feasible. Risk analysis identifies the major risk contributors, which enables

prioritization of the plant that deserve special attention in terms of inspection and

maintenance in particular and over all safety management as a whole.

For the risk reduction at the proposed plant, the following salient suggestions and

recommendations are made:

A written process safety information document may be compiled for general use

Personnel especially contractor workers at the plant will be made aware about the

hazardous substance stored at the plant and risk associated with them

The process design information in the process safety information compilation would

include P&IDs /PFDs, process chemistry, maximum intended inventory, acceptable

upper and lower limits, pressures, flows and compositions and process design and

energy balances.

The document compilation would include an assessment of the hazards presented

including (i) toxicity information (ii) permissible exposure limits (iii) physical data

(iv) thermal and chemical stability data (v) reactivity data (vi) corrosivity data (vii)

information on process and mechanical design

The adequate numbers of heat, smoke, ammonia, chlorine detectors may be

provided at strategic locations in the plant and indication of detectors/sensors will

be provided in the main control room

Predictive and preventive maintenance schedule will be prepared for equipment;

piping, pumps etc. and thickness survey will be done periodically as per standard

practices

Safety measures in the form of DO and Don’t DO will be displayed at strategic

locations especially in Hindi and English language

Safe work practices will be developed to provide for the control of hazards during

operation and maintance



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Personnel engaged in handling of hazardous chemicals will be trained to respond in

an unlikely event of emergency

The plant will check and ensure that all instruments provided in the plant are in

good condition and documented

Safety aspect of the project

In the proposed plant, the principal safety hazard will be due to normal burns,

chemical burns, slips, falls, vehicle accidents, electrocution and shocks due to working

on high and extra high level voltage equipment and system, injuries due to machine

during operation and maintenance, head injury due to object falling from height,

boiler explosion due to flame out, seam burn due to leakage from pipeline at high

pressure, suffocation during working in confined spaces like tank and so on. Various

measures listed hereunder will be implemented to maintain safety of the plant and

personnel working there.

Handling of Hazards:

Personnel protective equipment used by the person during handling of hazardous

chemicals, will be replaced after certain time. Any spillage of hazardous chemicals

will be cleaned and disposed off as per standard practice. Empty drums of hazardous

chemicals will be neutralized immediately and Personnel engaged in handling of

hazardous chemicals will be made aware of properties of hazardous chemicals

Transportation of Hazardous Materials:

Spills of hazardous material, including oil , are the result of a combination of actions

and circumstances, all of which contribute in varying degree to the outcome. Most

spills from tankers result from routine operations such as loading, discharging and

bunkering, which normally occurs in ports, road etc. However, the majority of these

spills are small. Accidental causes such as groundings and collisions generally give

rise to much larger spills.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Guidelines Principal:

Ensure that their operations, where applicable are in compliance with:

Recommendations on the transportation of dangerous Goods

Implement guidance for the prevention and consequence minimization of

catastrophic release of hazardous materials

Prepare a hazardous material transportation plan to transport hazardous

material

Information on the hazards and control measures at the time of emergency is

vital for minimizing the effect of such accidents and hence it will be available

with transporter. This module is intended to provide the first hand knowledge

about the hazard information system

Following information keeps ready with driver:

Hazardous information system, HAZCHEM

UN classification for hazard and substance identification

Responsibilities of consigner

Responsibilities of the transporter or owner of goods carriage

Details with driver for report to police station about accident



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Table 6.2

Details of hazardous Characteristics and toxicity of Raw material and products to which workers are exposed

Raw Materials Risk Involved Mitigation measures

1) PHPA (Para hydroxy phenyl

acetamide)

2) Epichlorohydrin

3) Mono isopropyl amine

4) Caustic Flakes

5) Activated Carbon

6) Hydrochloric acid

7) Sodium Carbonate

Very hazardous in case of eye

contact, ingestion.

Hazardous in case of skin contact

Severe over-exposure can result in

death

Inflammation of the eye

characterized by redness,

watering,

and itching.

In case of skin contact, immediately

flush skin with plenty of water.

Cover the irritated skin with an

emollient. Remove contaminated

clothing and shoes.

Wash clothing & shoes before

reuse.

Wash the skin with a disinfectant

soap and cover the contaminated

skin with an anti-bacterial cream.

Get medical attention.

Check for and remove any contact

lenses. In case of contact,

immediately flush eyes with plenty

of water for at least 15 minutes. Get

medical attention.

Do not induce vomiting unless



_____________________________________________________________________________________


directed to do so by medical

personnel. Never give anything by

mouth to an unconscious person. If

large quantities of this

material are swallowed, call a

physician immediately. Loosen

tight clothing such as a collar, tie,

belt or waistband.

If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If

not breathing, give artificial

respiration. If breathing is difficult,

give oxygen. Get medical attention

if symptoms appear.

8) Methanol

9) Acetone

10) 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid

11) HMDS

12) Aluminum Chloride

13) Sodium Sulphate

14) Pen-G-K

15) Potassium Carbonate

16) 6-Amino Pencillinic Acid

Very hazardous in case of skin

contact, eye contact, ingestion.

Slightly hazardous in case of

inhalation (lung sensitizer)

If inhaled, keep patient calm,

remove to fresh air, seek medical

attention.

On skin contact, immediately wash

thoroughly with soap and water,

seek medical attention.

On contact with eyes, immediately



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17) Triethyl Amine wash affected eyes for at least 15

minutes under running water with

eyelids held open, consult an eye

specialist.

On ingestion, rinse mouth

immediately and then drink plenty

of water, seek medical attention.

Prevent electrostatic charge-

sources of ignition should be kept

well clear-fire extinguishers should

be kept handy.

18) Ethyl Acetate

19) MDC

20) 2- Ethyl sodium Hexanote

21) 7-ADCA

22) Acetamide

23) PG-Dane Salt

24) Ammonia Hydroxide

25) N-(p-fluoromethoxy phenyl

acetamide)

26) TIOC

27) Nitric Acid

28) Sulphonyl Chloride

29) 2,3,4 Trifluoro nitro Benzene

Inhalation causes severe irritation

to the respiratory tract.

Toxic effects parallel those of

inhalation

May be fatal if swallowed.

Causes severe irritation, possibly

burns to the skin.

Vapors cause eye irritation.

Splashes

cause severe irritation, possible

Immediately remove contaminated

clothing. If danger of loss of

consciousness, place patient in

recovery position and transport

accordingly. Apply artificial

respiration if necessary. First aid

personnel should pay attention to

their own safety.

If inhaled, keep patient calm,

remove to fresh air, seek medical



_____________________________________________________________________________________


30) Potassium Hydroxide

31) Potassium Iodide

32) Acetic Acid

33) N-Methyl Piperazine

34) Ethanol

corneal burns and eye damage. attention.

On skin contact, immediately wash

thoroughly with soap and water,

seek medical attention.

On contact with eyes, immediately

wash affected eyes for at least

15 minutes under running water

with eyelids held open, consult an

eye specialist.

On ingestion, rinse mouth

immediately and then drink plenty

of water, seek medical attention.



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Table No. 6.3: Details of Occupational Health Hazards

Type of

Activity

Risk Involved Mitigation

measures

During

Production

Handling operation for Transfer, Charging of Raw Materials and Final Product

Spillages/leakages

Regular inspection & maintenance of all process equipment

Proper collection system will be provided for the leakage & spillage collection of acids by preparing dyke wall & acid proof RCC flooring with spillage collection tank

Management ensure proper usage of PPE’s

Process area having proper RCC flooring

Adequate ventilation is provided

at top of roof

During

Packing

Spillages / Leakages Inhalation

Ensure good quality packing material.

Proper PPE’s should be provided to the work force.

Packing area should be well ventilated & illumination should be kept high

Store product in original

containers & clearly labeled

During Handling and charging of Liquid & Solid

Material

Spillages / Leakages Skin & eye irritation Inhalation

Powder material allowed in a vessel through closed loop while liquid material charged through pipeline.

Proper collection system is provided for the leakage & spillage of hazardous chemical by preparing dyke wall & acid proof RCC flooring with spillage collection tank.

Loading & Unloading equipments inspected & maintained regularly.

The cargo tank motor vehicles as



_____________________________________________________________________________________


well as their attachments including the hose pipes used for loading and unloading the acid are inspected.

External and internal visual inspections, leakage and pressure tests are conducted.

Adequate PPE’s provided to all employee.

Work job training is given to employee.

Adequate ventilator is provided on top of roof.

Material Safety Data Sheet of all raw materials & products is available & work force aware of its nature.

6.12 CHECKLIST IN THE FORM OF DO’S & DON’TS OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, STRENGTHENING OF HSE, MFG. UTILITY STAFF FOR SAFETY RELATED MEASURES.

Table No 6.4.: Checklist of Do’s & Don’ts

Activity Do’s Don’t s

Manufacturing

process

Housekeeping of the plant is as per the prescribed norms. Floors, Platforms, staircases and passages are kept free from any

obstruction

Don’t put any raw material /maintenance part other than its

specified place.

All hazardous operations are explained to the workers. They are periodically trained on the hazardous processes.

Don’t use unskilled

man power

All the equipments of the plants are periodically tested as per standard and results are documented. All equipments undergo preventive maintenance schedule.

--

All pump motors are earthen --

Ensure proper usage of PPE’s Don’t allow workers

without PPE’s



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Transportation of

raw material

The driver should be aware with the nature of the material and the hazards involved and trained to handle the emergency

situation

Don't expose chemicals to moisture or heat during

transportation

The vehicles used for transporting hazardous materials should follow the applicable guidelines given in The Motor

Vehicles Act.

Don’t use untrained

driver

Charging solid material

Charging of solid material by closed loop system

only

Don’t charge directly

Wear dust mask & gloves --

Transfer the minimum quantity of material as

per requirement

Don’t transfer excess

quantity

Charging liquid

material

Charging of liquid material by pipeline only. Don’t put gaseous cylinder near reaction area

Stored material Proper labeling should be done --

Keep all stored chemicals especially flammable liquids, away from heat and direct sunlight

Don’t store in open

space

Temperature and pressure instrumentation

Calibrate at every six month and maintain

records.

--

Employee

working

Monthly health inspection shall be carried out

and maintain its records

--

6.13 RAIN WATER HARVESTING PLAN

The storm water disposal system for the premises shall be self-sufficient to

avoid any collection/stagnation and flooding of water. Storm water drainage

plan of the project is enclosed. The amount of storm water run-off depends upon

many factors such as intensity and duration of precipitation, characteristics of



_____________________________________________________________________________________


the tributary area and the time required for such flow to reach the drains.

Toxic effluent may go in the ground water due to mistake/mishap along with

rain water from road and road side area therefore keeping in view the fear of

ground water pollution only collection of rain water from the roof top area to

avoid any contamination has been plan... Storm water from various rooftop and

green belt area /shall be connected to adjacent drain by a pipe through catch

basins. Therefore, it has been calculated to provide maximum two rainwater

harvesting pits at selected locations, which will catch the maximum run-off

from the rooftop and green belt area.

Since the existing topography is congenial to surface disposal, a network of

storm water pipe drains is planned adjacent to roads. All building roof water

will be brought down through rain water pipes.

Proposed storm water system consists of pipe drain, catch basins and seepage

pits at regular intervals for rain water harvesting and ground water recharging.

Peak Hourly rainfall of 48mm/hr shall be considered for designing the storm

water drainage system. Rain water harvesting has been catered to and

designed as per the guideline of CGWA. The ground water level in the area is

18 meters bgl. The bottom of the recharge structure will be kept 3 m above

this level. At the bottom of the recharge well, a filter media is provided to

avoid choking of the recharge bore. Design specifications of the rain water

harvesting plan are as follows:

Catchments/roofs would be accessible for regular cleaning.

The roof will have smooth, hard and dense surface which is less likely to be

damaged allowing release of material into the water. Roof painting has been

avoided since most paints contain toxic substances and may peel off.

All gutter ends will be fitted with a wire mesh screen and a first flush device

would be installed. Most of the debris carried by the water from the rooftop

like leaves, plastic bags and paper pieces will get arrested by the mesh at the



_____________________________________________________________________________________


terrace outlet and to prevent contamination by ensuring that the runoff from

the first 10-20 minutes of rainfall is flushed off.

No sewage or wastewater would be admitted into the system.

No wastewater from areas likely to have oil, grease, or other pollutants has

been connected to the system

Table 6.5 –RWH Details

S.No. Particulars Catchment Area

In m2

Run off

Coefficient

Rainfall

Intensity in mm

Discharge (m3/hr)

1. Rooftop area 1904 0.8 45 68-54

2. Green area 2045 0.2 45 18.40

Total Runoff 86.94

Taking 15 minutes retention time, total volume of storm water

= 86.94 × 0.25 = 21.74 m3

Taking the effective diameter and depth of a Recharge pit 3 m and 3 m respectively,

Volume of a single Recharge pit (πr2h) = 3.14 × 1.5 × 1.5 × 3= 21.18 m3

Hence No. of pits required = 21.78 /21.18 = 1. 03 ~ 1 Pit

6.14 Air Quality Models

ISCST3 Dispersion Model

The Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Short Term model provides options to model

emissions from a wide range of sources that might be present at a typical industrial

source complex. ISCST3 is US-EPA approved model to predict the air quality. The

model uses urban dispersion and regulatory defaults options as per guidelines on air

quality models (PROBES/70/1997-1998). Emission sources are categorized into four

basic types of sources, i.e., point sources, volume sources, area sources, and open pit

sources. The volume source option and the area source option may also be used to

simulate line sources. The model assumes receptors on flat terrain. The ISC short

term area source model is based on a numerical integration over the area in the



_____________________________________________________________________________________


upwind and cross wind directions of Gaussian plume formula. This can be applied to

the Point, Area, Line or Volume sources simultaneously and their resultant

incremental concentration of the pollutant can be predicted.

Model Options Used For Computations

The options used for short-term computations are:

• The plume rise is estimated by Briggs formulae, but the final rise is always limited

to that of the mixing layer;

• Stack tip down-wash is not considered;

• Buoyancy Induced Dispersion is used to describe the increase in plume dispersion

during the ascension phase;

• Calms processing routine is used by default;

• Flat terrain is used for computations;

• It is assumed that the pollutants do not undergo any physio-chemical

transformation and that there is no pollutant removal by dry deposition;

• Washout by rain is not considered; and

• Cartesian co-ordinate system has been used for computations with 100 m grid

interval.

Gaussian Plume Model

Ground Level Concentration () from a point source at any receptor is given by

(USEPA ISCST3, 1987).

= Qg1g2

where, g1 = exp(-y2/2y2) g2 = exp[-(z-H)2/2z2] + exp[-(z+H)2/2z2] Q = source strength Z = receptor height above the ground He = effective stack height (Plume rise + Physical stack height) u = wind speed at stack level y & z = dispersion parameters

Figure 6.4 – Gaussian Plume Model

(2 y zu)



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Dispersion Parameters

Dispersion parameters y and z for urban diffusion are used as the project is

located on a flat terrain in an rural area. Atmospheric dispersion coefficients

vary with downwind distance (x) from emission sources for different

atmospheric stability conditions.

Table 6.6

Dispersion parameters as per stability class (Urban Area)

Stability Class y

z

A 0.22x(1+0.0001x)-.5 0.20x

B 0.16x(1+0.0001x)-.5 0.12x

C 0.11x(1+0.0001x)-.5 0.08x(1+0.0002x).5

D 0.08x(1+0.0001x)-.5 0.06(1+0.0015x).5

E 0.06x(1+0.0001x)-.5 0.03x(1+0.0003x)-1

F 0.04x(1+0.0001x)-.5 0.16x(1+0.0003x)-1

Plume Rise

Plume rise h has been determined according to Brigg’s formula (CPCB

guideline)



_____________________________________________________________________________________


h = 21.425 F3 4 for F<55

Us

h = 38.71 F3 5 for F>55

Us

F = g VsD2 (Ts-Ta)/4Ts Where Us = wind speed at stack level (m/s) Vs = stack gas velocity (m/s) Ts = stack gas temperature (0K) Ta = ambient temperature (0K) F = Buoyancy flux parameter (m4/s3) h = Plume rise (m) D = Diameter of the stack (m) g = acceleration due to gravity, 9.807 (m/s2)

Model Setup

Calculation of Stack Height

There are two main sources of gaseous emission from the proposed plant wiz. Boiler

(2 TPH, Biomass based) and two DG Sets of 250 KVA and 125KVA capacity having

same stack. The calculation of stack height for each of these emission sources is as

follow –

Boiler Stack Height

For the small boilers, the required stack height with the boiler shall be

calculated by using the formula given below. In no case the stack height shall be less

than 11 meters.

Where,

h = height of stack, m

Q = SO2 emission rate in kg/hr

DG Set Stack Height

Two DG Sets of 250 KVA and 125 KVA capacity having same stack has been proposed

for power back during power outage. The emission from DG sets depends on physical

parameter of stacks including height of stack and diameter of stack. CPCB has

prescribed guidelines for calculation for DG set stack height, which is calculated by

the formula –



_____________________________________________________________________________________


h C

Where,

h = height of DG set stack, m

H = Height of Building, 15 m

C = Capacity of DG Set, kva

Table 6.7 – Calculation of DG Set Stack Height

Source Capacity Calculated

Stack Height (m)

Proposed Stack Height

(m)

Boiler 2 TPH 3.17 30 DG Set 375 KVA 18.87 19

Emissions from DG Set and Boiler

The details of source parameters, calculated emission rates from DG Set and Boiler

based on CPCB guidelines are presented in the Table 3.

Table 6.8 – Source Parameter

Location Capacity Stack

Diameter (m)

Flow Rate*

(Nm3/hr)

Exit Gas Temp.*

(oC)

Emission Rates (g/s)

SO2 NOX PM10

Boiler 2 TPH 0.6 17.437 115 0.00193 0.00217 0.00072 DG Set 375 KVA 0.2 18.427 56 0.124 0.021 0.025

(*Source-Information provided by the clients)

6.15 Results

ISCST3 Model Results

The ISCST3 model was setup to predict the cumulative maximum ground level

concentration of SO2, NOx and PM10 generated due to operation of Boiler and DG Set

at the plant location. Point sources resembling stacks at location of proposed sources

were fixed. Receptors were fixed at baseline monitoring stations. The model was run

for following two scenarios –

1. Normal Scenario - 2-hour operation of DG sets and 24-hour operation of boiler

2. Emergency Scenario - 24-hour operation of DG sets and 24-hour operation of

boiler



_____________________________________________________________________________________


The predicted maximum incremental GLC (24-hour average) of SO2, NOx and PM10 in

normal scenario was found as 3.594µg/m³, 0.608µg/m³ and 0.724µg/m³

respectively. The maximum predicted incremental GLC (24-hour average) of SO2,

NOx and PM10 in emergency scenario are found as 14.810µg/m³, 2.534µg/m³ and

2.989µg/m³ respectively. The spatial distribution of SO2, NOx and PM10 GLC in 10km

study area is presented in Figure 2 to 7. The predicted 24-hourly maximum ground

level concentrations during both normal and emergency scenarios at baseline air

quality monitoring locations are presented in Table 4 and Table 5, respectively.


(Normal Scenario)

Village

Max Baseline Conc.

(µg/m3) Predicted GLC (µg/m3)

Cumulative GLC

(µg/m3)

SO2 NOX PM10 SO2 NOX PM10 SO2 NOX PM10

Project site 8.89 17.40 64.45 0.136 0.0241 0.027 9.026 17.424 64.477

Village

Mirpur 7.98 16.90 61.91 0 0 0 7.980 16.900 61.910

Village

Mantawala 9.56 19.76 63.56 0.001 0 0.001 9.561 19.760 63.561

Village

Khatauli 10.32 17.10 63.10 0 0 0 10.320 17.100 63.100

Village

Sultanpur 9.58 19.58 60.56 0.010 0.002 0.002 9.590 19.582 60.562

Bir da Drala

PF 9.57 16.88 63.56 0.002 0.011 0.001 9.572 16.891 63.561


(Emergency Scenario)

Village

Max Baseline Conc.

(µg/m3)

Predicted GLC

(µg/m3) Cumulative GLC (µg/m3)

SO2 NOX PM10 SO2 NOX PM10 SO2 NOX PM10

Project site 8.89 17.40 64.45 0.668 0.118 0.114 9.558 17.518 64.564

Village 7.98 16.90 61.91 0.054 0.009 0.011 8.034 16.909 61.921



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Mirpur

Village

Mantawala 9.56 19.76 63.56 0.010 0.001 0.002 9.570 19.761 63.562

Village

Khatauli 10.32 17.10 63.10 0.001 0 0 10.321 17.100 63.100

Village

Sultanpur 9.58 19.58 60.56 0.081 0.498 0.016 9.661 20.078 60.576

Bir da Drala

PF 9.57 16.88 63.56 0.018 0.014 0.003 9.588 16.894 63.563



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Figure 6.5 – Spatial distribution of predicted GLCs of SO2 (Normal Scenario)



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Figure 6.6 – Spatial distribution of predicted GLCs of NOX (Normal Scenario)



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Figure 6.7 – Spatial distribution of predicted GLCs of PM10 (Normal Scenario)



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Figure 6.8 – Spatial distribution of predicted GLCs of SO2 (Emergency Scenario)



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Figure 6.9 – Spatial distribution of predicted GLCs of NOX (Emergency Scenario)



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Figure 6.10 – Spatial distribution of predicted GLCs of PM10 (Emergency Scenario)



_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vardan EnviroNet 180 180

CHAPTER - 7

PROJECT BENEFITS

7.1 INTRODUCTION

S.K. Solvochem has proposed to produce bulk drugs at Village- Nimbua, Tehsil Dera

Bassi, Distt. Mohali, Punjab over an area of about 63900 feet2. The production capacity

is about 1500 MT/year. As per EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006, this

project falls under Category “B” Project or Activity-5 (f), as the project is located in a

notified industrial estate, but it fulfill general condition as mentioned in EIA

notification, 2006 (Punjab- Haryana interstate Boundary within 10 Km of the project

site), therefore this project requires Environmental Clearance from MoEF, New Delhi

under category ‘A’. The following benefits are expected due to the implementation of

the said project:

1) The easy availability of infrastructure, man power, raw materials will reduce

the production cost as well as demand supply gap. The same will bring revenue

to the state exchequer by way of Duties and Taxes.

2) The development of green belt in and around the plant premises will

improve on the aesthetics of the area. Moreover, it will help in reducing the

noise levels within the plant boundary.

3) The setting up of the proposed plant will help in providing employment to local

people.

4) There will be an increase in indirect employment & earnings of the small time

shop owners like tea vendors, transporters, etc.

5) The implementation of Rain Water Harvesting Scheme will help in increasing

the ground water level of the area.

The Project proponent has planned to contribute in socio-economic development of

the area and will organize Blood donation camps, Education Programmes, Health

camps, Health awareness programmes etc. and will continue to do so.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


7.2 Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate social responsibility is the commitment of businesses to contribute to

sustainable economic development by working with the employees, their families,

local community & society at large to improve their lives in ways that are good for

business as well as overall development. It is a voluntary activity of a company that

supports social interests & environmental issues. It is a principle through which the

business houses contribute to the welfare of the society & not only maximize their

profits. CSR, in fact, is about business giving back to the society.

Some of the CSR related activities are summarized as follows:-

(i) Sustainable livelihood creation – Promoting micro entrepreneurship through

skills development, market linkages & women’s economic empowerment.

(ii) Education – Setting up schools, colleges curriculum development, teacher

training & community involvement.

(iii) Health care – Healthcare awareness camps & setting up hospitals &

dispensaries in areas where these are deficient and arranging equipment

needed by the patients if any. Providing free treatment to poor patients in

Hospitals, specially for life threatening diseases, as per recommendation of the

Hospital authorities.

(iv) Community initiative – Need based services, project/programs for

disadvantage youth, illiterate adults, socially & economically deprived sections

of the society & women self help groups.

(v) Rural development – Water management, housing, sheds, waste land,

agriculture & animal husbandry, genetic improvement & model village

development with all basic amenities.

(vi) Infrastructure developments – Roads, drinking water & sanitation etc.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Keeping in view the above the company proposes to set aside 5% of the cost of the

Project for activities under CSR and creates a corpus for the same. The activities shall

be maintained from the interest of the corpus throughout the life of the project.

Table 7.1 : Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP)

S.No. CREP Point Status

1. Segregation of waste streams: Waste streams

should be segregated into high COD waste toxic

waste, low COD waste, inorganic waste etc, for the

purpose of providing appropriate treatment.

The Company proposes to

Install a Zero Discharge ETP

Plant comprising of Primary

Treatment , Multi Effect

Evaporator, Biological

Treatment, Tertiary

Treatment , Reverse

Osmosis so that there will

be no discharge out of

premises.

After the primary treatment,

effluent is passed through

Evaporator process to

reduce BOD and COD. High

TDS Effluent from primary

clarifier enters in the

Evaporator process here

condensation of effluent

take place. Condensate

effluent with low TDS sent

to the aeration tank and left



_____________________________________________________________________________________


residues disposed off at

TSDF site.

2. Detoxification and treatment of high COD waste

streams: High COD streams should be detoxified

and treated in XTP or thermally destroyed in

incinerator

The Conc. From Evaporator

will be sent to Common

Hazard Waste Disposal site

at Nimbua and condensate

from Evaporator will be

treated, thus no effluent

discharge.

3. Management of solid waste: Proper facilities should

be provided for handling and storage of hazardous

waste. For final disposal of hazardous waste,

recycling and reuse should be given priority, either

within the premises or outside with proper manifest

system. In case of incinerable waste, property

designed incinerator should be installed within the

premises or outside as a common facility. The non-

incinerable hazardous waste should be disposed of

in properly designed secure landfill either within

the industry’s premises or in a common facility

Hazardous waste will be

stored in a separate room

available for STORAGE OF

HAZARDOUS WASTE ONLY

and the same will be finally

disposed to authorize TSDF

/ CHW disposal facility.

4. Minimum scale of production to afford cost of

pollution control: For new industries which are not

connected with CETP & TSDF and which do not have

the economics to install treatment facilities may not

be considered for granting consent to

establishment. Industry association shall submit

Industry will install a ZERO

DISCHARGE EFFLUENT

Cum Sewage Treatment

Plant for the treatment

generated waste water and

same will be recyle after the



_____________________________________________________________________________________


proposal to SPCB/CPCB treatment in the various

stream.

Industry has already

submitted the

proposal/application form

consent to establish/NOC

for the installation of ETP

cum STP

5. Long term strategies for reduction in waste:

Consent for establishment and consent for

operation under the Water Act will be based on

pollution load and concentration of pollutants. Each

industry will submit pollution load, concentration of

final discharge along with water balance to

SPCB/CPCB for formulation of strategy

A proposal for the waste

water treatment along with

characteristic of input

waste water and the

characteristic of out-put

water has submitted to the

PPCB

6. Control of air pollution: Industry will take up in

priority the control of hazardous air pollutants

(such as benzene carbon tetrachloride 1-4 diocane,

methanol, toluene, methyl chloride etc) and odorous

compounds (mercaptan & hydrogen sulphide)

Benzene, Mercaptan &

hydrogen sulphide will not

be used at site.

Air pollution control

measures will be installed

for effective control of Air

pollution.

7. Self – regulation by Industry through regular

monitoring and environmental auditing: Industries

on their will carry out monitoring environmental

parameters, audit it at regular interval and submit

the same to SPCB.

Industry will regularly

monitor all the

environmental control

devices and the parameter

of water and air to avoid



_____________________________________________________________________________________


any contamination of the

atmosphere

8. Organizational restructuring and accreditation of

Environmental Manager of Industry: – Environment

management cell will be created for each industry

reporting to CEO directly. – There should be a

certification system for the environmental

managers at individual level and common facility

level

Separate Environmental,

Health and Safety

Department will be place

headed by a senior officer

for the complete study of

EMP. The head of EHS will

reports to the senior

management of the

organization.

9. Optimizing the inventory of hazardous chemicals:

The Information shall be submitted to SPCB

regularly along with rational action plan to be

submitted to SPCB.

Industry will maintain

record / inventory of

hazardous waste generation

and shifting to CHWTSDF

and same will be submitted

to the PPCB

7.3 Conclusion

The management will recruit the semi-skilled, unskilled workers from the nearby

villagers. The project activity and the management will definitely support the local

Panchayat and provide other form of assistance for the development of public

amenities in this region. The company management will contribute to the local

schools, dispensaries for the welfare of the villagers. Green belt

development/plantation will be taken around the plant premises. Rain water

harvesting will also be done to improve ground water level.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


CHAPTER-8

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 INTRODUCTION

Any industrial development is associated with certain positive impacts as well

as some negative impacts on the environment. However, the negative or

adverse impacts cannot possibly rule out scientific development. At the same

time adverse impacts cannot be neglected.

An Environmental Management Plan shall be formulated for mitigation of the

adverse impacts and is based on the present environmental conditions and the

environmental impact appraisal. T h i s plan helps in formulation,

implementation and monitoring of the environmental parameters during and

after commissioning of the project.

The Environmental Management Plan describes in brief, the management's plan

for proper and adequate implementation of treatment and control system for air and

liquid pollutants and for maintaining the environment. It also includes the

development of green belts in and around the plant, proper safety of the

workers, noise control, fire protection systems and measures.

8.2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT POLICY

The Company is very much oblivious of its responsibility in protecting the

Environment. Thus various mitigation measures as given in the report shall be taken-

up and effort will be made to nullify the effect of the Project, on the Environment, if

any. Any action or effort remains incomplete, if it is not monitored properly at regular

intervals and corrective measures taken, wherever necessary. Regular monitoring has

thus, been provided. The Company has a well defined policy to keep the Environment

clean. The Board of Directors has decided that all effective steps shall be taken to

prevent deterioration of the existing Environment. They have formed an Environment

Committee committed for this cause. The Committee will consist of following



_____________________________________________________________________________________


persons:-

(i) General Manager

(ii) Manager Operations

(iii) Maintenance Engineer

(iv) Supervisor - Incharge of ETP & APCD

8.3 MONITORING AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

(a) For Water Environment

The supervisor shall visit and check the devices daily. He will see that the STP is

working properly and flow measurements are recorded properly in a register.

The effluent from the STP shall be got checked by him in the Laboratory once a

week. Any parameter going out of the prescribed limits will be reported to the

General Manager for taking corrective action. He will pursue the matter at personal

level to bring the parameters within permissible limits.

The General Manager will keep in touch with the Environmental Consultant and

seek their guidance for corrective action as and when required.

The Committee shall meet once every month to ensure implementation of the

programme.

The General Manager will bring to the notice of the Managing Director any further

action to be taken to ensure environmental requirements. The Managing Director

will report to the Board of Directors, the action taken to set right deficiency, if any.

(b) For Air Environment

The supervisor will ensure that the APCD provided are functional at all times. Air

emissions from the stack will be got checked by him once a month from a

Laboratory to see that the limits of the various parameters are not exceeded. In case

of any deviation noticed, he will inform the General Manager to take corrective

action.

The supervisor will ensure that the water is sprinkled on roads whenever

transportation of material is to be done to and from the factory premises in trucks.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


The General Manager will ensure that all the vehicles coming to the premises have

PUC Certificates and they do not blow horn unnecessarily within the premises.

The Manager Operations will ensure that the transportation of raw materials and

finished goods is done in trucks covered with Tarpaulins.

The Board of Directors will discuss at frequent intervals & see that the environmental

policy laid-down by them, is followed meticulously by all persons in the Unit and the

Environment is within the prescribed limits.

Figure 8.1

Environmental Management Cell

Director

General Manager

Officer- EHS

Chemist

ETP Operator



_____________________________________________________________________________________


The main aims under the said Policy are to:

Effectively manage, monitor, improve and communicate the environmental

performance.

Take all reasonable steps to prevent pollution.

Set realistic and measurable objectives and targets for continual

improvement of the environmental performance.

Comply fully with all relevant legal requirements, codes of practice and

regulations.

Reduce, recycle and reuse natural resources.

Minimize waste and increase recycling within the framework of waste

management procedures.

Identify and manage environmental risks and hazards.

The project proponent shall regularly review this policy and ensure that

corrective and preventative actions are taken in order to ensure continual

improvement.

To treat all the pollutants viz. liquid and gaseous, which contribute to the

degradation of the environment, with appropriate technologies.

To comply with all regulations stipulated by the Central / State Pollution

Control Boards related to air emissions and liquid effluent discharge as per air

and water pollution control laws.

To handle hazardous wastes as per the Hazardous Waste (Management &

Handling Rules), 2009 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

To encourage support and conduct developmental work for the purpose of

achieving environmental standards and to improve the methods of

environmental management.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


To create good working conditions (devoid of air and noise pollution) for

employees.

To minimize fire and accident hazards.

Perspective budgeting and allocation of funds for environment management

expenditure.

Preventive maintenance and regular checking of machineries and equipments.

To make continuous efforts in waste minimization.

For the equipments and pipelines, leakage detection and repair shall be

scheduled to minimize fugitive emissions.

Continuous efforts with energy audits for the reduction of fuel and energy

consumption.

8.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The project proponent shall take care of the pollution generated from their unit and

use appropriate methods of control like:

Control at source for minimizing air pollution.

Greenbelt development around the estate to reduce odor and noise pollution

Regular maintenance of machineries and equipments

During Construction phase:

Provision shall be made for sprinkling of water on loose soil to avoid dust

generation. The debris and unutilized construction material from the

construction site shall be removed immediately to recycle within the project so

that no dust nuisance is generated due to wind.

Construction Activities, if any, shall not be allowed at night. The mitigation

measures shall include regular maintenance of machinery and provision of personal

protective equipments to workers where needed.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


The following mitigation measures however can be suggested to control the

ambient air quality:

Proper maintenance of roads in and around the proposed site.

Water spraying on roads should be done regularly.

Plugging all leakages and enclosing storage and material handling systems

and its effective maintenance.

Development and maintenance of green belt to attenuate the pollutants

emitted from the industrial area.

Ambient air quality and stack & fugitive emissions should be monitored

regularly to check the performance of the pollution control systems.

Plantation shall be done along the roadside to mitigate the fugitive emissions.

8.4.1 Flue Gas Emission/Fugitive Emission Control

The volatile matters getting released from the storage tanks, process piping, reactors,

fuel storage & combustion will be handled by various preventive measures

mentioned below:

1. Each & Every process emission will be passed through scrubber and finally

released in to atmosphere through adequately designed stack height.

2. Preventive maintenance will be done so as to prevent any leakage and spillage and

thereby reducing the fugitive emission sources.

3. Storage tank will be provided with level gauge, dyke wall, automated loading and

unloading for the chemicals to avoid human contact.

4. All storage tanks will be designed and placed according to the Industrial Safety &

Health Department.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


Figure 8.2 : Scrubber for Flue Gas Emission/Fugitive Emission Control

8.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT

During construction/building modification, provision for infra-structural services

including water supply, sewage, drainage facilities and electrification will be made.

The construction site would be provided with suitable sanitation facilities for

the workers to allow proper standards of hygiene. These facilities would be

connected to a septic tank and maintained to ensure minimum impact on the



_____________________________________________________________________________________


environment. The total water requirement of proposed site shall be met from the

Tube well supply.

The following measures are suggested to be adopted for efficient water

management in the proposed site:

Rainwater harvesting is recommended.

The sources of sewage water are office toilets and canteen which is disposed

off in to Soak Pit / Septic Tank system.

Reduce and eliminate the water leakages in the pipes, bends, etc.

Recycle the Boiler Condensate / Cooling Water.

8.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT

To avoid erosion of the top soil the development is planned in the shortest possible

time and land-clearing activity shall be kept to the absolute minimum by working at

the specific sites one by one where construction is to take place so as to increase

detention and infiltration.

Natural waterways/drainage pattern shall be maintained by providing culverts

where needed.

The requirements of sand and aggregates for the construction works will be met

through venders. The land use is thus so planned that there is minimum adverse

impact.

8.7 Solid Waste

The solid waste generated from the construction activities shall be effectively

recycled within the project.

The other solid wastes from the Air Pollution Control Device shall be dumped in

a dumping pit of R.C.C. and disposed off in the designated land fill places.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


8.8 NOISE AND COMMUNICATION

Care will be taken during selection of the equipment like compressors, blowers,

pumps, etc. and other machinery so that noise generation is reduced. In addition

to this, effective ear plugs will be provided and their use is made obligatory in

specified areas where noise level is high and unavoidable. All the blowers will have

silencers and noise generating equipments will have sound absorbers so that sound

level in the area is below 80 dB (A).

8.8.1 Effective Use Of Landscaping For Noise Control

Shrubs and trees are worthy little as tools for noise control. Effective belts of trees

for useful noise control must be at least 50 feet tall, must be in a continuous strip

75 - 100 feet deep, must have dense foliage down to the ground and must be

evergreen to supply protection year round.

8.9 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT AND AFFORESTATION

Tree plantation is one of the effective remedial measures, which controls the Air

Pollution. It also causes aesthetic and climatological improvements of an area as

well as sustains and supports the biosphere.

It is a well established fact that trees and vegetation act as a vast natural sink for

the gaseous as well as particulate air pollutants due to enormous surface area of

leaves. Plantation around the air pollution sources control the air pollution by

filtering particulate matter and interacting with gaseous pollutants before it

reaches the earth. Trees also act as buffers and absorbers against accidental release

of pollutants.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

Occupational diseases and health impairments occur every day throughout the

world, due to lack or inadequacy of prevention and control measures at the

workplace.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


The project proponent strongly believes in the safety and health of the workers. The

company will conduct regular medical checkup of the worker and for the safer side

there will always be a rotation of the worker where the exposure to dust and

chemicals is high. Safety being the first policy of the company, list of Antidotes

for different accidents and diseases will be provided to the entire department.

BUDGETORY COST OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES

The total capital investment on environmental control measures is envisaged to be about

Rs 98 Lakhs out of a total project cost of Rs. 4.5 crore, which is estimated as follows:

Table 8.1- Cost Details

Sr.No. Particulars Capital Cost (Rs. In

Lakhs)

Recurring

Cost/annum

(Rs. In Lakhs)

1 Effluent

Treatment Plant

25.00 12.00

2 Evaporator 20.00 14.00

3 Reverse Osmosis 22.00 10.00

4 Rain Water

Harvesting

15.00 4.00

5 Air Pollution

Control

11.00 5.00

6 Solid Waste

Disposal/Green

Belt

Development

5.00 5.00

Total 98.00 50.00



_____________________________________________________________________________________


8.10 SOLVENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Resource optimization / recycling and reuse is envisaged for the proposed project as

follows:

The raw materials will be stored in closed containers and will be handled

through closed system to avoid the handling losses.

At a time, only 4 – 5 products shall be manufactured.

Maximum 10 MT / month of various solvents like Chloroform,

Isopropyl Ether, Diisopropyl Amine, Acetonitrile, Acetone, Methylene

Dichloride, Ethanol in one product shall be used.

All the products shall be purified in various solvent to remove impurities.

Solvents shall be collected & sold off to authorized re-processor for distillation

of mixed solvent or shall be distilled in the proposed solvent distillation system.

The Reactors shall be connected to an efficient condenser system with cooling

/ chilling water / brine circulation.

Reactor and solvent handling pumps shall have mechanical seals to prevent

leakages. Also provide with breather valve to prevent losses.

Solvent will be taken from storage tank to reactors through closed pipe line.

Storage tank shall be vented through trap receiver & condenser operated on

cooling water.

The condensers shall be provided with sufficient HTA and residence time

so as to any loss of solvent.

Proper earthing shall be provided wherever solvent handling is done.

Entire plant is flameproof.

Solvents shall be stored as per statutory requirement.

Solvents shall be kept at a separate specified area with all the safety measures.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


8.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES

8.11.1 Management Plan for Socio-Economic Environment

In general, socio-economic environment will have positive impact due to the

proposed project in the area.

The deployed laborers will be from nearby villages only as these people are

mainly dependent upon such activities.

In order to further improve the socio-economic conditions of the area, the

management will contribute for development works in consultation with local

bodies.

Project proponent has already allocated Rs 10 Lakh (As per demand) for Socio

Economic Measures.

Table 8.2: Details of CSR Activities

Medical Camps 2 Lakh

Drinking water supply/Harvesting programme 2 Lakh

Adoption of Surrounding Villages ( 2 ladies Tiolet/Village will be

constructed)

3 Lakh

Public Welfare (Swach Bharat Abhiyan) 2 Lakh

Miscellaneous 1 Lakh

TOTAL 10.0 Lacs



_____________________________________________________________________________________


CHAPTER-9

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

9.1 INTRODUCTION

M/s S.K. Solvochem has proposed Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Unit

(Capacity 1500 MTPA) -at Tehsil Dera Bassi and District Mohali (Punjab).

As per EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006, this project falls under Category

“B” Project or Activity-5 (f) because area of the Project is located in a notified

industrial estate, but it fulfill general condition as mentioned in EIA notification, 2006

( Punjab- Haryana interstate Boundary within 10 Km of the project site), therefore

this project requires Environmental Clearance from MoEF, New Delhi under category

‘A’.

9.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT

The overall impact on the socio economic environment will be positive as many

of the locals will get job opportunity (both skilled and unskilled) during

construction and operational phase.

Therefore this project will offer the opportunities of better employment,

infrastructure and other basic amenities. This will lead to a better social and

economic life of the nearby villagers.

Most of the raw materials are indigenous. Also there is easy availability of

infrastructure, man power and easy availability of raw materials. This results in

the availability of cheaper products than imported products.

9.3 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.3.1 Air Quality Management

It is proposed to have a Green Belt plantation along the boundary of the plot,

which will intercept the dispersing particulates.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


The sprinkling of water is recommended in areas where dust emission is

expected within the plant.

The internal roads of plant are asphalted and hence dust emission shall be to

minimum.

9.3.2 Water Management

The total effluent shall be treated in a full-fledged Zero Discharge Effluent

Treatment Plant within the complex comprising of Primary, Secondary

and Tertiary treatment facility with Evaporator and Reverse Osmosis Facility

for reuse of treated.

9.3.3 Noise Management

The occasional noise has been attenuated by the development of Green Belt

around the industrial complex, and ear-protecting devices will be provided to

personnel working in high noise generating zones.

Anti-vibrating pads and acoustic enclosure shall be provided to the DG set.

9.3.4 Solid Waste Management

The solid wastes shall be segregated according to their properties, packed,

transported and stored in a separate impervious storage area demarcated for

them. They will then be disposed off according to the requirements of

statutory authorities.

9.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

Masks and other PPE’s will be provided as additional personal protection

equipment to the workers.

Workers are informed, kept aware and trained about occupational health

hazards, due to such activities and preventive measures.

Workers health related problem if any, will be properly addressed.



_____________________________________________________________________________________


9.5 PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRAMME

The local species will be planted with consultation of local forest department

/horticulturist and follow the CPCB guidelines.

9.6 CONCLUSION

As discussed, it is safe to say that the Industrial project (Synthetic organic

chemical manufacturing unit) is not likely to cause any significant impact on the

ecology of the area and does not harm the environment and ecology of the site

and its surroundings.

Proper measures will be taken to control emissions.



_____________________________________________________________________________ Vardan EnviroNet 201 201

CHAPTER-10

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

10.1 Disclosure of Consultants Engaged

Vardan EnviroNet is a “NABET approved EIA Consultant” certificate no.

NABET/EIA/1316/IA001, having its registered office at D-142, Sushant Lok III, Golf Course

Extension Road, Sector 57, Gurgaon 122001.



_____________________________________________________________________________ Vardan EnviroNet 202 202

EIA Coordinator: Mr. Mukesh Kapila Team Member: Mr. R.S Yadav & Mr. S.K. Sharma Functional Area Experts: S.No Functional Area Name of Expert/s

1. AP Mr. S.K Sharma

2. WP Mr. S.K Sharma

3. SHW Mr. S.K Sharma

4. SE Mr. Madhusudan Hanumappa

5. EB Ms. Rashmi Solanki

6. HG Mr. R.S Yadav

7. GEO Mr. R.S Yadav

8. AQ Mr. Asif Hussain

9. NV Mr. Asif Hussain

10. LU Mr. Joshua Anand

11. RH Mr. Kuldipak Ahuja

12. SC Mr. S.K Sharma

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