Final Exam Review Questions A) diffusion B) synthesis C) respiration D) homeostasis 1. Bumblebees show some ability to control their own body temperature. During cold weather, bumblebees have been observed warming their flight muscles by shivering. The bees are able to maintain a body temperature several degrees above that of the surrounding air. Regulation of their internal body temperature is an example of A) Organism A contains organs, where as organism B lacks organs. B) Organism A and organism B have the same organ systems. C) Organism A and organism B both have structures that perform life processes. D) Organism A lacks structures that help maintain dynamic equilibrium. 2. The diagram below represents two organisms. Which statement concerning organism A and organism B is correct? A) A and B B) B and E C) C and D D) A and D 3. The table below gives both the common and scientific names of five New York State vertebrates. Which two vertebrates are most closely related? A) All cells have a cell wall B) All cells are photosynthetic C) All cells divide to form new cells D) All cells have a nucleus 4. What is common to all cells? A) With a microscope B) With the naked eye C) Using a magnifying glass D) You could not see the nucleus with any of this instruments 5. During an experiment you want to view the nucleus of a cell. How would you most easily view this organelle?
Transcript
Final Exam Review Questions
A) diffusion B) synthesisC) respiration D) homeostasis
1. Bumblebees show some ability to control their ownbody temperature. During cold weather, bumblebeeshave been observed warming their flight muscles byshivering. The bees are able to maintain a bodytemperature several degrees above that of thesurrounding air. Regulation of their internal bodytemperature is an example of
A) Organism A contains organs, where as organism B lacks organs.
B) Organism A and organism B have the sameorgan systems.
C) Organism A and organism B both havestructures that perform life processes.
D) Organism A lacks structures that help maintaindynamic equilibrium.
2. The diagram below represents two organisms.
Which statement concerning organism A andorganism B is correct?
A) A and B B) B and EC) C and D D) A and D
3. The table below gives both the common and scientificnames of five New York State vertebrates.
Which two vertebrates are most closely related?
A) All cells have a cell wallB) All cells are photosyntheticC) All cells divide to form new cellsD) All cells have a nucleus
4. What is common to all cells?
A) With a microscopeB) With the naked eyeC) Using a magnifying glassD) You could not see the nucleus with any of this
instruments
5. During an experiment you want to view the nucleus ofa cell. How would you most easily view thisorganelle?
6. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram and information below and on yourknowledge of biology. The diagram represents agerminating bean seed that has been split open.
A) ribosomes B) nucleiC) mitochondria D) vacuoles
When water is available and growth begins, the plantembryo inside the seed secretes enzymes to digest thestarch stored in the seed. The enzymes in cells of theplant embryo are produced directly by the
A) ribosome B) chloroplastC) cell membrane D) mitochondrion
7. Which cell structure is mainly responsible forreleasing energy from food molecules in somesingle-celled organisms?
A) The mitochondria produce enzymes, andribosomes transport them.
B) The ribosomes make proteins, and thenucleus stores genetic information.
C) The cell membrane make enzymes, andcytoplasm transports them.
D) The vacuole stores genetic information, andchloroplasts make proteins.
8. Which cell structures are correctly paired with theirfunctions?
A) tissues B) organellesC) organ systems D) organs
9. In a multicellular organism, organs carry out a varietyof life functions. In a single-celled organism, thesefunctions are performed by
A) nucleus and chloroplastB) ribosome and vacuoleC) nucleus and ribosomeD) mitochondrion and cell membrane
10. Which two cell structures work together in theprocess of protein synthesis?
A) organism ® cell ® tissue ® organelle ® organ system ® organ
B) organ system ® organ ® organism ® cell ® tissue ® organelle
C) organelle ® organ system ® cell ® organism ® tissue ® organ
D) organelle ® cell ® tissue ® organ ® organ system ® organism
11. Which sequence represents the levels of biologicalorganization from smallest to largest?
A) protein, oxygen, fatB) protein, starch, fatC) water, carbon dioxide, oxygenD) water, starch, protein
12. Which group consists entirely of organic molecules?
A) Carbohydrates B) ProteinsC) Nucleic acids D) Water
13. Which of the following is not one of the mainclasses of macromolecules within cells?
A) a lipid B) a carbohydrateC) an enzyme D) a hormone
14. A scientist plans to cut a segment of DNA so that itcan be inserted into the DNA of a bacterium, asingle-celled organism. The scientist needs to use aspecial type of organic molecule to perform thiscutting process. This molecule is
15. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a chemical reaction that occurs in the human body, and on yourknowledge of biology.
A) Molecule Z will function at any temperature above 20°C.B) Molecule Z is composed of a string of molecular bases represented by A, T, G, andC) Molecule Z will function best at a specific pH.D) Molecule Z is not specific, so this reaction can be controlled by any other chemical in the body.
Which statement describes a characteristic of molecule Z?
16. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. For each of the following phrases,select the molecule, chosen from those shown below, which is best described by that phrase.
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
An example of a carbohydrate
A) glucose B) maltaseC) ribose D) starch
17. Which compound is a polysaccharide?
A) CH4 B) C3H7O2NC) Cl2H22O11 D) CO2
18. Which chemical formula represents a carbohydrate?
19. Base your answer to the following question on the structural formula below and on your knowledgeof biology.
A) glucose B) glycerolC) maltose D) alanine
The structural formula represents a molecule of
20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents stages in thedigestion of a starch, and on your knowledge ofbiology.
A) simple sugars B) fatsC) amino acids D) minerals
The products would most likely contain
A) carbohydrates B) lipidsC) proteins D) nucleotides
21. Butter and oil are examples of food composed of
A) GlucoseB) Amino acidsC) Fatty acids and glycerolD) Nucleic acids
22. What are the building blocks of lipids?
A) glucose molecules B) amino acidsC) hormones D) fats
23. The basic building blocks of a protein are
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
24. Which row in the chart below correctly pairs a food molecule with its building block?
A) Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygenB) Nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorousC) Oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogenD) Carbon, phosphorous, and hydrogen
25. What are the main atoms of a protein molecule?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
26. The diagram below represents a process that occursin organisms.
Which row in the chart indicates what A and B in theboxes could represent?
A) Both simple and complex organisms move directly by the movement of cytoplasm.B) Single-celled organisms, like complex organisms, are able to move; however, they differ in
the way they carry out this activity.C) Cytoplasm is a fluid substance in simple cells and a solid substance in cells of complex
organisms.D) Cells in complex organisms function in the exact same way as cells in simple organisms.
27. Two methods of moving from place to place are represented below. The single-celled ameba movesby a process that involves the flow of cytoplasm.
Which statement is best supported by these diagrams?
A) carnivores B) producersC) decomposers D) herbivores
28. Which type of organism helps to reduce atmosphericcarbon dioxide?
A) reproduce asexuallyB) become dormantC) exist without respirationD) make their own food
29. Autotrophs might survive when heterotrophs cannot,because autotrophs are able to
A) A and B combine to produce C and D.B) B and C combine to produce A and D.C) C and D combine to produce A and B.D) A and C combine to produce B and D.
30. The chart below lists substances involved in theprocess of photosynthesis.
Which statement best describes how thesesubstances interact in photosynthesis?
A) carbon dioxide moves in; oxygen moves outB) carbon dioxide and oxygen move in; ozone
moves outC) oxygen moves in; nitrogen moves outD) water and ozone move in; carbon dioxide
moves out
31. Leaves of green plants contain openings known asstomates, which are opened and closed byspecialized cells allowing for gas exchange betweenthe leaf and the outside environment. Which phrasebest represents the net flow of gases involved inphotosynthesis into and out of the leaf through theseopenings on a sunny day?
A) chloroplasts B) mitochondriaC) ribosomes D) vacuoles
32. The diagram below illustrates the movement ofmaterials involved in a process that is vital for theenergy needs of organisms.
The process illustrated occurs within
A) autotrophic nutritionB) replicationC) sporulationD) phagocytosis
33. The series of diagrams below represents a processcarried out by a unicellular organism.
34. A student has a hamburger, French fries, and sodafor lunch. Which sequence represents the correctorder of events in the nutritional processing of thisfood?
35. Which words best complete the lettered blanks in thetwo sentences below?
Organic compounds, such as proteins and starches,are too A to diffuse into cells. Proteins are digestedinto B and starches are digested into C .
A) chloroplastB) mitochondrionC) plasma membraneD) replicated chromosome
36. Which cell structure is represented by thethree-dimensional diagram below?
A) The cell membrane forms a boundary thatseparates the cellular contents from the outsideenvironment.
B) The cell membrane is capable of receiving andrecognizing chemical signals.
C) The cell membrane forms a barrier thatkeeps all substances that might harm the cellfrom entering the cell.
D) The cell membrane controls the movement ofmolecules into and out of the cell.
37. Which statement regarding the functioning of thecell membrane of all organisms is not correct?
A) releases energyB) digests fatsC) synthesizes carbohydrate moleculesD) alters the genetic traits of the cell
38. In the cells of the human body, oxygen moleculesare used directly in a process that
A) arrow A, onlyB) arrow B, onlyC) arrow C, onlyD) arrows A, B, and C
39. The flow of energy through an ecosystem involvesmany energy transfers. The diagram belowsummarizes the transfer of energy that eventuallypowers muscle activity.
What is the process of cellular respirationrepresented by?
A) mitosis of sex cellsB) mitosis of body cellsC) meiosis of sex cellsD) meiosis of body cells
40. Which process allows a mammal to continue to growin size?
A) meiosisB) mitosisC) breakdown of glucoseD) diffusion of nutrients
41. If a chemical that interrupts cell division is added toa culture of human liver tissue, which process wouldstop?
A) tissue repairB) meiosisC) recombinationD) sexual reproduction
42. The diagram below can be used to illustrate aprocess directly involved in
A)
B)
C)
D)
43. Which diagram correctly represents a step in the normal process of human reproduction?
A) mitosis B) meiosisC) recombination D) cloning
44. The diagram below represents structures found in ahuman female.
Which process results in the formation of structureX?
A) A B) B C) C D) D
45. The diagram below represents stages in theprocesses of reproduction and development in ananimal.
Cells containing only half of the genetic informationcharacteristic of this species are found at
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
46. The diagram below represents processes involved in human reproduction.
Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the processes represented by the letters in thediagram?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
47. Which row in the chart below indicates the correctprocess for each event indicated?
A) the same number of chromosomesB) half the number of chromosomesC) twice the number of chromosomesD) four times the number of chromosomes
48. Compared to a normal body cell, a normal egg cellcontains
49. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below and on your knowledge ofbiology.
A) A and J B) E and G C) B and I D) D and H
Formation of the gametes occurs within structures
A) meiosis B) mitosisC) fertilization D) differentiation
50. The inability of sperm cells to move normally couldprevent the production of offspring by interferingwith
A) support for the internal development of theembryo
B) materials through the placentaC) a means for the delivery of gametesD) the ovaries for gamete production
51. The reproductive system of a male mammal provides
A) the egg would remain in the uterus and nottravel upward
B) the female gamete would not be able to unitewith the male gamete
C) hormones could not be produced by the ovariesD) the process of asexual reproduction would be
prevented or interrupted
52. Blockages caused by a condition known as PelvicInflammatory Disease (PID) are represented in thediagram of the female reproductive system below.
If blockages of this type occur, the most likely resultwould be that
A) sex cells B) hormonesC) natural selection D) immune responses
53. The reproductive cycle of a human is usuallyregulated by
A)
B)
C)
D)
54. Which diagram best illustrates an event in sexualreproduction that would most directly lead to theformation of a human embryo?
A) differentiation B) heredityC) immunity D) evolution
55. The transfer of genes from parents to their offspringis known as
A) 0% B) 25%C) 50% D) 100%
56. In canaries, the gene for singing (S) is dominant overthe gene for non-singing (s). When singing canarieswith two different alleles are mated with non-singingcanaries, what percentage of the offspring is likely topossess the singing trait?
A) 0% B) 25%C) 50% D) 100%
57. In canaries, the gene for singing (S) is dominant overthe gene for non-singing (s). When hybrid singingcanaries are mated with non-singing canaries, whatpercentage of the offspring is likely to possess thesinging trait?
A) an inherited disorderB) environmental influence on gene expressionC) expression of a hidden traitD) a characteristic controlled by more than one
pair of genes
58. A boy inherits genes for tallness, but his growth islimited as a result of poor nutrition. This is anexample of
A) an enzyme B) a gameteC) a gene D) an amino acid
59. The diagram below represents a microscopicstructure observed during mitosis.
The region indicated by letter A is known as
A) They had a genetic variation that gave themresistance to the chemical.
B) They were exposed to the chemical longenough to develop a resistance to it.
C) They mutated and became a different speciesafter exposure to the chemical.
D) They absorbed the chemical and broke it downin their digestive systems.
60. A new chemical was discovered and introduced intoa culture containing one species of bacteria. Within aday, most of the bacteria were dead, but a fewremained alive. Which statement best explains whysome of the bacteria survived?
A) W B) X C) Y D) Z
61. The chart below shows the genotype of four babieswith regard to blood type.
Which baby could not be the child of parents whoboth have type AB blood?
A) receptor moleculesB) carbohydratesC) enzymesD) starch molecules
62. A laboratory technique is represented in the diagrambelow. Letter A represents a process.
Which specific chemicals are needed to successfullycarry out the process shown at A?
A) cellulose – polypeptidesB) DNA – nucleotidesC) protein – monosaccharidesD) fat – disaccharides
63. Which molecule is correctly paired with its buildingblocks?
A) AGC B) TCG C) TAC D) GAT
64. In the diagram below, strands I and II representportions of a DNA molecule.
Strand II would normally include
A) cell reproduction B) meiosisC) mutation D) gene replication
65. The diagram below represents one process thatmight occur in cells.
Which process is represented in the diagram?
A) increased respirationB) exposure to an antigenC) an alteration in a geneD) gamete formation
66. Some bacteria are unable to survive unless a certainnutrient is present in their food supply. Afterexposure to ultraviolet radiation, some of thesebacteria are able to synthesize this nutrient. Thischange is most likely due to
67. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below, which represents some componentsinvolved in cellular protein synthesis, and on yourknowledge of Biology.
A) 1 B) 6 C) 3 D) 9
How many codons are located on the messengerRNA molecule in the diagram?
A) oxygen moleculesB) simple sugarsC) amino acidsD) biological catalysts
68. The inability of an organism to produce certainproteins can occur when an organism is lacking anenzyme needed to combine
A) identical to that in the original body cellB) identical to that in the original egg cellC) 50% the same as the original egg cell and 50% the same as the original body cellD) 25% the same as the original egg cell and 75% the same as the original body cell
69. A technique used to alter cells is represented in the diagram below.
The genetic material contained in the nucleus of each of the new cells is most likely
A) produce hormones for human use at a lower cost than other methodsB) produce pathogens that are able to live in humansC) clone human cells with desired characteristicsD) eliminate the need for laboratory production of medicines for humans
70. The diagram below represents a scientific technique in use today.
Scientists have used this technique to
A) consume a large quantity of foodB) reproduce successfullyC) maintain a constant body temperatureD) be domesticated
71. In order for a species to evolve, it must be able to
A) inheritance of acquired characteristicsB) evolutionC) dominanceD) use and disuse
72. Many scientists believe that the earliest cells onEarth were relatively simple, lacking nuclearmembranes and other organized cellular structures.Over time, more complex cells developed from thesesimple cells.
These statements describe the concept of
A) These organisms are members of the samespecies.
B) These organisms may have descended from thesame ancestor.
C) These organisms have adaptations to survivein different environments.
D) These organisms all contain the same geneticinformation.
73. The diagrams below show the bones in the forelimbsof three different organisms.
Which hypothesis do the differences in the bonearrangements support?
A) survival of the fittestB) dynamic equilibriumC) successionD) extinction
74. The diagram below shows the effect of spraying apesticide on a population of insects over threegenerations.
75. Many scientists suggest that billions of years ago,life on Earth began with
A) carbon dioxide B) hydrochloric acidC) oxygen D) hydrogen
76. According to the heterotroph hypothesis, some earlyheterotrophs evolved into autotrophs because oftheir ability to synthesize organic compounds fromwater and
