WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION

PRESENTERS

Serial no.

NAME ROLL

1. Md. Rakibul islam 210732. Md. Imtiaj Hossain 210973. Sifat Ara Saba 211034. Md. Shakil Ahmed 211065. Tania Akter 211186. Keya Datta 211247. Ayesha Akter Rani 211578. Md. Pappu Miah 21178

COMPUTER HARDWARE

HARDWARE DEFINITIONThe mechanical devices those make up the

computer are called hardware. hardware is any part of the computer we can touch.

According to Tim Fasher ,’’hardware in the computer world refers to the physical components that make up a computer system’’.

According to Alan Clements,‘’Hardware means all the parts of the computer that are not software it includes processor its memory ,the buses that connect devices together and peripheral’’.

BASICS HARDWARE DEVICES INPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES PROCESSING DEVICES STORAGE DEVICES COMMUNICATION DEVICES

INPUT DEVICES

DEFINITIONThe foremost task of a computer

is to accept data. An input device is used to accomplish this task. An input device is used to enter the data and instructions into the computer.

INPUT DEVICEKeyboard: Keyboard is the most

popular input device that allows users to type alphabets, numbers, and operators, and also to control the cursor on the screen.

INPUT DEVICESMouse: Mouse is a pointing

device that allows user to point to a specific position on the screen. It has two or three buttons on top for selecting/executing different operations.

INPUT DEVICES Microphone It is a device used to

accept audio inputs from the user.  Scanner It is a device used to capture

digital images of printed documents, graphics or other printed media.

Touch Screens It is a display device, which is touch-sensitive and allows user to interact with the computer system by touching an area on the screen.

  Bar Code Reader It is used to accept

barcode inputs. A barcode is a series of vertical bars representing numbers and alphabets printed on product labels.

INPUT DEVICES  Joy Stick It is a device used to control cursor on

screen. Normally it is used in Games and specially designed simulation software.

  Light Pen It is a device used for drawing pictures and

for directly controlling screen operations.

Web Camera It is an easy to connect lower solution digital camera normally employed for transfer of images on the web-based conferencing.

  Digital Camera It is a high-resolution camera, which

captures images and stores them in digital format.

PROCESSING DEVICES

DEFINITIONProcessing devices in a computer

are the processing of information within the computer system.

SOME PROCESSING DEVICES

CPUMOTHERBOARDSOUND CARDVIDEO CARD NETWORK CARD

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITA central processing unit

component of a computer that interprets the computer instruction and process data.

PARTS OF CPUCONTROL UNIT: It controls all

the functions of CPU besides processing time for all the parts of CPU. CONTROL

UNIT

ALUPRIMARY MEMORY

FUNCTIONS OF CPU

ARITHMATIC AND LOGICAL UNITPerforms arithmetic computations including addition 1. Subtraction, multiplication,

division, comparison.

2.Performs logical information including OR, AND, NOR, NAND.

REGISTER A special, high-speed storage area within

the CPU. All data must be represented in a register before it can be processed.

VARIOUS REGISTERMemory address register Memory buffer register Program counter registerAccumulator registerInstruction register 

PROCESSING DEVICES MOTHERBOARD: A motherboard is the

physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computer's basic circuitry and components.

SOUND CARD: A sound card is an expansion card or IC for producing sound on a computer that can be heard through speakers or headphones.

VIDEO CARD: A video card connects to the motherboard of a computer system and generates output images to display. Video cards are also referred to as graphics cards.

DEFINITIONAn output device is any piece of computer

hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form.

OUTPUT DEVICESMonitor: A monitor or

a display is an electronic visual display for computers. A monitor usually comprises the display device, circuitry, casing, and power supply.

OUTPUT DEVICESPrinters : In computing,

a printer is a peripheral which makes a persistent human readable representation of graphics or text on paper or similar physical media.

PRINTERSTypes of printer  Modern print technology

◦ Toner-based printers◦ Liquid inkjet printers◦  Solid ink printers◦  Dye-sublimation printers◦  Inkless printers

Obsolete and special-purpose printing technologies◦  Impact printers

 Typewriter-derived printers  Teletypewriter-derived printers Daisy wheel printers  Dot-matrix printers  Line printers

OUTPUT DEVICES Projector :

A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image (or moving images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen.

Speakers: A hardware  device connected to a computer's sound card that outputs sound generated by the computer.

OUTPUT DEVICESOTHER OUTPUT DEVICESLCD Projection PanelsComputer Output Microfilm (COM)HeadphonesVoice output communication aidAutomotive navigation systemBraille embosserPlotterTelevisionRadioSteamWireless

COMMUNICATION DEVICES

DEFINITIONA communication device is

a hardware device capable of transmitting an analog or digital signal over the telephone, other communication wire, or wirelessly.

COMMUNICATION DEVICESBluetooth devices: A

computing and telecommunications industry specification that describes how devices such as mobile phones, computers, or personal digital assistants can communicate with each other.

Infrared devices: Method of transferring data without the use of wires.

COMMUNICATION DEVICESModem : A Modem is

a hardware device that allows a computer to send and receive information over telephone lines by converting digital data into an analog signal used on phone lines.

Network card: It is an expansion card that enables a computer to connect to a network; such as a home network, or the Internet using an Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector.

COMMUNICATION DEVICESWi-Fi device: A home wireless

network uses a wireless access point or router to broadcast a signal using WAP or WEP encryption to send and receive signals from wireless devices on the network. 

 Smart phones: can browse the Internet and run basic software programs like a computer and the user often interacts with the smart phone by using their finger on the touch screen. 

STORAGE DEVICES

DEFINITIONA storage device is used in the

computers to store the data. it Provides one of the core functions of the modern computer.

TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES

PRIMARY STORAGE Primary storage device is a medium that holds memory for short periods of time while a computer is running.

Types of primary storage:1. RAM2. ROM

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY Random Access Memory (RAM) is

a hardware device that allows information to be stored and retrieved on a computer. RAM is usually associated with DRAM, which is a type of memory module. Because information is accessed randomly instead of sequentially like it is on a CD or hard drive, the computer can access the data much faster.

TYPES OF RAM1. SRAM2. DRAM

READ ONLY MEMORYRead-Only Memory, ROM is a storage

medium that is used with computers and other electronic devices. As the name indicates, data stored in ROM may only be read; it is either modified with extreme difficulty or not at all.

TYPES OF ROM1. PROM2. EPROM

SECONDARY MEMORY

DEFINITIONAlternatively referred to

as external memory, secondary memory, and auxiliary storage, a secondary storage device is a non-volatile device that holds data until it is deleted or overwritten.

TYPES OF SECONDARY STORAGESECONDARY

STORAGE DEVICE

SEQUENTIAN STORAGE

DEVICE

MAGNATIC TAPS

DIRECT STORAGE DEVICE

MAGNICAL DISK

FLOPPY DICS HARD DISK

ZIP DISK DISK PACK

OPTICAL DISK

CD ROM WORM DISK

VARIOUS SECONDARY MEMORIES HARD DISK: A hard disk drive is a device

used to permanently store and also retrieve information.

  FLOPPY DISK: A floppy disk is a type of disk

storage composed of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage medium.

USB FLASH DRIVES: USB flash drive is a portable storage device. It connects to a computer via a USB port.

MEMORY CARDS: Memory cards are a type of storage media that is most commonly used to store pictures, videos, music, and other data. 

CACHE MEMORYCache memory is random access

memory that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. SECONDAR

Y MEMORY

RAM

CACHE MEMORY

CPU

HARDWARE PROBLEMS

WHAT IS PROBLEM?If the loss of programs or data on your

computer is going to make you upset, it is recommended that you take some precautions. Your computer may be protected against viruses and such, but 100% protection is never guaranteed. 

FACTORS THAT CAN DAMAGE COMPUTERHardware faults that may occur:

Computers produced for personal use have a certain lifespan. 

Electricity interruptions and failures: sudden and large changes in voltage in the computer can cause damage to data.

Overheating: Perhaps most importantly one of the factors that shorten the life of computers is the warm-up problem. 

Attack by hackers. Any computer connected to an Internet network cannot be one hundred percent guaranteed to be protected. 

FACTORS THAT CAN DAMAGE COMPUTERViruses and other malicious

programs: Viruses are a nuisance, whether they damage or slow Internet connections or as a simple example ‘Spam’ can in fact cause irreparable damage to computers deleting data that cannot again be restored.

Errors in the software or the operating system installed.

USEFUL MEASURES THAT CAN BE TAKEN. Unplug the computer when installing new hardware, ground

yourself.

While the Computer is running do not plug in or unplug mouse, serial port, parallel port, keypad, etc.. (Except for the USB and Ethernet).

Protect against computer viruses and attacks and follow the recommendations previously proposed .

If you are unsure of how exactly to do what you want on the computer, do not go to hardware and software changes.

If possible, install up to date software that comes with the computers motherboard, displaying information boards showing computer warm up and from time to time check the internal temperature status of the device.

USEFUL MEASURES THAT CAN BE TAKEN. Make sure your building and the room you are using

has grounding.

Try not to touch computers, which install your body with a static electric charge.

Do not unnecessarily leave your computer switched on.

When turning off your computer be sure to do it according to the rules.

Never move your computer jolt the table it is on or shake it while it is turned on.

FOR BEING ATTENTIVE!