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ALTERNATE SOURCEALTERNATE SOURCE

OF ENRGYOF ENRGY

SOLAR ENERGYSOLAR ENERGY

PresentationPresentation

ByBy

ANSHUL GARG.ANSHUL GARG.

2K6/EE/816.2K6/EE/816.

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Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy

Alternate sources of energyAlternate sources of energy

1.1. Biomass.Biomass.

2.2. Solar Energy.Solar Energy.3.3. Wind Emergy.Wind Emergy.

4.4. Geothermal Energy.Geothermal Energy.

5.5. Fuel cells.Fuel cells.

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Why Solar Energy.Why Solar Energy.

Solar energy is the most readily available sourceSolar energy is the most readily available source

of energy.of energy.

It is free.It is free. It is also the most important of the nonIt is also the most important of the non--

conventional sources of energy because it isconventional sources of energy because it is

nonnon--polluting.polluting.

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Facts about solar energy.Facts about solar energy.

Earth surface receives 1.2x10Earth surface receives 1.2x101717 W of powerW of power

from sun.from sun.

Energy supplied by the sun in one hour isEnergy supplied by the sun in one hour isalmost equal to the amount energy required byalmost equal to the amount energy required bythe human population in one year.the human population in one year.

Most if the other source on renewable energyMost if the other source on renewable energyhave their in sun.have their in sun.

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How electricity is generated throughHow electricity is generated through

Solar EnergySolar Energy Solar photo voltaic (SPV). Can be used toSolar photo voltaic (SPV). Can be used to

generate electricity form the sun.generate electricity form the sun.

Silicon solar cells play an important role inSilicon solar cells play an important role ingeneration of electricity.generation of electricity.

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Solar cells Characteristics.Solar cells Characteristics.

IscIsc--short circuit current.short circuit current.

VocVoc--open circuit voltage.open circuit voltage.

Peak power.Peak power.

Isc

Voc

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How solar cells Generate electricityHow solar cells Generate electricity

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From Cells to ModulesFrom Cells to Modules

The open circuit voltage of a singleThe open circuit voltage of a single

solar solar cell is approx 0.5V.solar solar cell is approx 0.5V.

Muchhigher voltage voltage isMuchhigher voltage voltage is

required for practical application.required for practical application. Solar cells are connected in series toSolar cells are connected in series to

increase its open circuit voltage.increase its open circuit voltage.

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Characteristics of a typical Solar PvCharacteristics of a typical Solar Pv

Module.Module.

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Conclusion from the Characteristics.Conclusion from the Characteristics.

Power of the module has only single maxima.Power of the module has only single maxima.

Need to track the peak power in order toNeed to track the peak power in order to

maximize the utilizations of the solarmaximize the utilizations of the solarmodule/array.module/array.

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How Peak Power is tracked.How Peak Power is tracked.

Peak Power is tracked by adjusting thePeak Power is tracked by adjusting the

impedance of the load.impedance of the load.

This is obtained by using an interface betweenThis is obtained by using an interface betweenthe load and the solar module.the load and the solar module.

A Dc/Dc converter can act as a interfaceA Dc/Dc converter can act as a interface

between the load and the module.between the load and the module.

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Block DiagramBlock Diagram

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dSPACEdSPACERR

A real time Control solution.A real time Control solution.

Control of hardware through PersonalControl of hardware through Personal

computer.computer. Works on Matlab/Simulink Platform.Works on Matlab/Simulink Platform.

Automatic C code generation.Automatic C code generation.

Easy to generate control logic inEasy to generate control logic inMatlab/Simulink and downloading to theMatlab/Simulink and downloading to thedSPACE add on card.dSPACE add on card.

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Solar ModuleSolar Module

FOR AFOR A

PARTICULARPARTICULAR

CASECASE

Isc=2.9A.Isc=2.9A.

Voc=20V.Voc=20V.Power=38W.Power=38W.

Vp=17.7V.Vp=17.7V.

Ip=2.2A.Ip=2.2A.

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ConclusionsConclusions

Temperature of the module is an importantTemperature of the module is an important

parameter. The power output of the moduleparameter. The power output of the modulechanges by about 0.5% for every degree rise inchanges by about 0.5% for every degree rise in

temperature. So a 38W module gives only atemperature. So a 38W module gives only apower of about 29W peakpower of about 29W peak

The module placement also plays an importantThe module placement also plays an important

role in power output. Module is kept in southrole in power output. Module is kept in southfacing. But its elevation angle must be adjustedfacing. But its elevation angle must be adjusted

every month to get high power output.every month to get high power output.

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Thank You.Thank You.