Final sadhaaranaya 2013 july august folder 002

2013 cQ,s - wf.daia;=

022013 cQ,s - wf.daia;= 48 jeks ldKavh - 2 jeks l,dmh

iudch yd iduhsl flakaøfha ff;%udisl ix.%yh ñ, re 40$-

Y%S ,xldfõ mqj;am;la f,i ,shdmÈxÑ lrk ,È

S A A D H A R A N A Y A

iudc iduh Wfoid

Y%S ,xldfõ mqj;am;la f,i ,shdmÈxÑ lrk ,È

S A A D H A R A N A Y A

O¾uhg tfrys

uQ,O¾ujdoh æ


zzcd;sljdoh ;lalähdf.a wka;su

;=reïmqjhs'ZZ

Samuel Johnson (1775)

zzkQ;k;ajh iu.ska yg.;a wfkld

flfrys we;s fkdßiaiSfï iduqysl

m%ldYkh cd;sljdohhs'ZZ

Fedric Nietzsche, Genealogy of Morals, 1887)

zzwks;s NS;sldj cd;sljdoh keu;s yojf;a

fldgd we;'ZZ

(Karl Deutch, Nationalism and its Alternatives, 1963)

zzúúO yeÕjqï - ck;dj" rdcHh" iudch -

yd há wruqKla iys; idfmaCI

wkkH;djhka (tendentially relational identities) ;=<ska iuia;hla (totality) f.dvke.Sfï (Laclau & Mouffe 1985: 136) ld¾hNdrh cd;sljdohhs'ZZ

by; úúO kss¾jpkhka u.ska fmkajd §

we;s zcd;sljdohZ" iudÔh kHdhla f,i

wOHhkh lsÍug fhduqjQfha I jk f,dal

ix.%dufhka miq ld,fha§ nj fmfka'

flfia jqj;a 1880-1914 ld,h w;r

hqfrdamh ;=< cd;sljdoh iS>%fhka j¾Okh

jQ w;r" tys kHdh;aul yd foaYmd,k

Ndú;h jvd;a ÈhqKq jkakg úh' kQ;k

hqfrdamd ixialD;sh jvd;a ÈhqKq fukau

;d¾lsl yd iïnqoaêl hehs hk u;h

uq,alr.ksñka hqfrdamfha hg;aúð;jdoh;a"

iudc vdúkajdoh (Social Darwinism) hqfrdamd N+ñh ;=< idOdrKSlrKh lsÍu

Wfoid merKs iudchka wOHhkh lsÍu

yd tajd m%;s w¾:l:kh (reinterpretation) lsÍug ixialD;sl udkj úoHd{hka"

b;sydi{hka" iudc úoHd{hka fm<ôK'

kQ;k;ajfha ohf,la;sl j¾Okhla jQ

fjkiaNdjh (differentiation) yd

(integration) taldnoaO Ndjh w;r

iqixfhda.hla f,i cd;sljdoh 19 jk

ishji jk úg hqfrdamh ;=< ;yjqre fõ'

kQ;k;ajh YsIag iïmkak yd ÈhqKq Ôú;h

Wfoid mqoa., foafmd, uq,alr.;a ,snr,a

iudchla wjYH hehs hk iudc lÓldj 19

jk ishji jk úg hqfrdamh ;=< ;yjqre jQ

nj Geral Delardy yd Patrick O’Mahony keu;s b;sydi{hkaf.a iu l¾;D;ajfhka

m,l< Nationalism & Social Theory lD;sh u.ska fmkajd foa' ta ;=< jeäÿrg;a

fmkajdfokafka tlS ÈhqKq iudchg ndOd

lrk merKs iudch ke;akï widyh

md,lhkaf.a (Absolute Monarchy) yd wd.

ñl m%N+kaf.a wdêm;Hh ì|jeàu

w;HjYHh jQ w;ru tfia w¾nqohg ,lajk

iudch ixúOdkh lsÍug ke;akï tald.%

lsÍug m%Odk wCIhla wjYHfõ' th fjk

lsisjla fkdj cd;sh (Nation) jQ njhs'

cd;sh jgd iudch ixúOdkh lsÍfï

ls%hdoduh zcd;sljdohZ ;=<ska iïmQ¾K úh

hq;= úh' (Nationalism & Social Theory, 2002, p. 35)

úfYaIfhka 19 jk ishji jk úg

ia:dms;j ;snQ wiydh md,kh (Absolute Monarchy) yd uOHu mka;sh w;r

wdêm;Hh Wfoid jQ wr.,h ;=< uOHu

mka;sh Ndú;d l< oDIaÀuh Wmdx.hla

(Ideological apparature) jQfha

zcd;sljdohhsZ' th úisÍ ;snQ iudch

Woa§mk lrk ,§' tu.ska ld¾hhka folla

idOdrKSlrKh l< yels úh' hqfrdamd

uOHu mka;sh r|d mej;s m%d:ñl

iuqÉPlrKh ls%hdj,sh bka tlls' Okh

fidhd hEu ÈhqKqfõ moku f,i ie,l+

kQ;k;aj ls%hdj,sh ;=< ta i|yd wjYH

Okh talrdYS lsÍug ;uka wh;a fkdjQ

N+ñh fld,a,lEu wksjd¾Hh úh' ta i|yd

hqfrdamd cd;Skag we;s whs;sh fkdtfiakï

hg;aúð;jdoh ;yjqre lsÍug hqfrdamd

ixialD;sh jvd;a ÈhqKq fukau iïnqoaêl

hehs hk u;h ;yjqre lsÍu cd;sljdoh

w;HdjYH lÓldjla úh' tfukau hqfrdamd

iudcho l%ufhka jvd ÈhqKq iudchla

Ôkjd§& lrd .uka lrñka isákjd hk

ziudc bxðfkare l%ufõohZ (Social Engineering Methodology) ;yjqre l<

iudc vdúkajdoh idOdrKSlrKh lsÍug

zcd;sljdohZ m%Odk Wmdx.hla úh' tu

02

iudc iduh Wfoid nqoaêuh ixjdohlg w;aje,la - zidOdrKhZ

E48 jk msgqjg'''

cd;sh yd cd;sljdoh ms<sn|

úfõpkd;aul lshùula

kQ;k zcdkqiaZ fyj;a m%d:ñl cd;sljdoh yd kj ,snr,ajdofha iqixfhda.h LTTE mrdch ùu;a iu. y÷kd.; yels w¿;a ;;a;ajhls' flfia jqj;a cd;sljd§ka úYajdi l< hym;a rdcHfha ls%hdldÍ;ajh ÈhqKq lrñka rdcH ord isák m%Odk l=¿Kq jk m%cd;ka;%jdoh" ksoyi" idOdrK;ajh jeks jákdlï yd tu jákdlï Yla;su;a lrk wOHdmkh" fi!LH jeks fCIa;%hka ms<snO m%uqL;djhla ,nd§ w¨;a cd;sl wNs,dIhka ks¾udKh lrkq we;ehs hk úYajdih úh' tfy;a cd;sl lÓldj" m%d:ñl Wmdx. blaujd fkd.sh w;ru cd;sl lÓldj ;+< ;snQ rdcHh uq,alr.;a wNs,dIh ixj¾Okh ke;akï wd¾Ólh uq,alr.;a wNs,dIhka njg mßj¾;kh úh' fï ksid m%cd;ka;%jdoh" ksoyi" idOdrK;ajh jeks rdcH uq,alr.;a wNs,dIhka yelsf,ñka uqo,a yïnlsÍug uq,a;ek fok kj lÓldjla ixj¾Okh kñka ;yjqre úh' tlúgu merKs iajNdúl Wmdx. jk isxy, cd;sh" fn!oaOd.u" merKs rcjrekaf.a u;lhka wdÈh;a kd.ßl ixj¾Okh" fydag,a l¾udka;" rd;%s iudcYd,d" leisfkda jHdmdr jeks kQ;klrK ls%hdj,shka tlg .uka lsÍu úoHdudkfõ' kQ;k cdkqia iajrEmh fuhhs'


4

4

03

2013 cQ,s - wf.daia;=fj¿u 48 l,dm 02m%ldYk wxl 175ISSN 1391-0604

ks¾ud;D .re ;siai nd,iQßh msh;=ud

m%ldYkh.re frdydka is,ajd msh;=udiudch yd iduhsl flakaøhfkd' 281" ãkaia mdrfld<U 10'

ixialdrl WmfoaYk uKav,h(.re frdydka is,ajd msh;=udlÓldpd¾h úð;a frdydkapór fmf¾rdksyd,a mSßiabkaøð;a uyjvqf.akS;s{ úkaika nq,;aisxy,

ixialrKh*%ekala,ska ik;a m%kdkaÿ

ixialdrl WmfoaYkh yd msgq ie<iqï ;s<sK w,yfldaka

wf,ú iy m%pdrK iïnkaëlrKhfÊ' ks,ka;s

msgq ieliqu yd wlaIr ixfhdackhfkaud fudyuâ

uqøKhiudch yd iduhsl flakaøhfkd' 281" ãkaia mdrfld<U 10

úuiSïidOdrKhiudch yd iduhsl flakaøhfkd' 281" ãkaia mdrfld<U 10ÿr ( 2695425

05 4

O¾ufhayrhiqrlsuq

ljrfhawre;

434

37

456

iEu O¾uhlu wka;¾.;h" yrh" ñksidf.a hym; yd úuqla;sh Wod lr §uh'hqla;sh idOdrK;ajh iudch ;=< frdamKh lsÍu wfmalaIdj fõ'

Ydia;Djrekaf.a b.ekaùu jpkd¾:fhka f.k ms<sme§u" ±ä ia:djrhkag t<eö l%shd;aul ùu" wkaO udkisl;ajhla f.dvk.d .ekSu hk fïjd uQ,O¾ujdofha iajNdjhka fõ'

tu.ska isÿjkafka wdf,dalh yd úuqla;sh hgm;a ù" .egqïldÍnj yd wkaOldrh iudch ;=< biau;=ùuh'

ienE O¾uh u;=lr

úuqla;sh Wodlr .ksuq æ

O¾uhg tfrys uQ,O¾ujdoh æ

10

fuys m<j we;s we;eï PdhdrEm wka;¾cd,fhka Wmqgd .kakd ,È

fudayfhka uq,dùu uQ,O¾ujdofha

iajNdjhhsl%sia;shdks

uQ,O¾ujdoh yd n,mEu

wd.ñl úrilh cd;sh f.dvke.Sug

úYd, myrlalsisfjl=g;a

kS;sh blaujd hkak fokak fydò keye æ

O¾uhg tfrys wd.ñl

uQ,O¾ujdoh


ñksia Ôú;h fiau O¾uh;a ksrka;rfhka mßkdukh fjñka" ÈhqKq fjñka mj;S' tu ksid iEu O¾uhlgu mokï jQ uQ,dY% fidhd.ekSu ke;fyd;a uQ,dY% iuÕ iïnkaO ùu O¾uh wjfndaO lr.ekSu i|yd w;HdjYHfõ' ta .fõIKfha§ meyeÈ<s f,iu fmkS hk lreKla jkafka iEu O¾uhlau ixilD;shlg b;d iómj noaO ù we;s njhs' tu ksid O¾uhl uQ,dY% fidhd .ekSug kï tu O¾uh foaYkd l< ks¾ud;Djre fukau Tjqka Ôj;a jQ iudc miqìu iy jgmsgdj wOHkh lsÍu jeo.;afõ'

wjdikdjlg fuka O¾uhl uQ,dY% .fõIKh lsÍu fjkqjg tu O¾uh jpkd¾:fhka meyeÈ<s lr.ekSug ork W;aidyh ;=< zuQ,O¾ujdohkaZ ìysfjñka mj;sk nj fmfkkakg we;' wo iudch ;=< wmg ±lSh yelsjkafka fufia jHdma; jqk uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï úYd, ixLHdjlf.a mej;Sufõ' O¾ufha ienE yrh uQ,dY% .fõIKhlska fidhdf.k tu O¾uhg ;j jvd;a wkq.; jkakg lrk wdrdOkdjlg jvd wo isÿfjñka mj;skafka O¾uh ;ukaf.a meje;au i|yd úlD;s lr m%ldY lsÍuls' ta ;=<ska wkq.dñlhska j¾Okh lr.kakg ork wr.,hls'

fuu wr.,h ch.ekSu i|yd fndfyda wjia:dj,§ ovóud lr.kq ,nkafka iudcfha mj;sk oßø;djh nj meyeÈ<s f,i fmfkkakg we;' wm wjOdrKh lr .; hq;= jeo.;a lreK jkqfha iEu O¾uhlu yrh úuqls;shla lrd ;u wkq.dñlhska fufyhùug lghq;= lsÍu njh' tfia O¾uhkaf.a yrhkaf.ka iudch fmdaIKh lr.ekSug yelsjkafka kï hqla;sh" idOdrK;ajh" iudkd;au;djh fukau iudch ;=< Ôj;a jk iEu flfkl=ju hym; lrd fhduq lrjd .; yelsjkq we;'

kuq;a uQ,O¾ujdoh ;=<ska isÿjkqfha ;ukaf.a wkq.dñlhska mgq ;eklg fldgq lrñka jpkd¾:fhka f.k wkdjfndaOh j¾Okh lr fkduÕg heùuls' kuq;a fm!oa.,sl Ôú;h hym;g fhduq lsÍu fukau iudÔh" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k Wkak;sh Wfoid wr.,hl kshe,Su ;=<ska úuqla;sh lrd fhduq lr,Su iEu O¾uhlu uQ,sl wfmaCIdj nj wm wjfndaO lr.; hq;=h' uQ,O¾ujdoh ;=<ska fndfyda úg úuqla;sh hgm;a lr wkaO úYajdislhska ìyslrk ls%hdj,shl ksr; jk nj fmfkkakg we;' fuhska isÿjk Nhdklu m%;sM,h jkqfha iudcfha ixfõ§ ckfldgila ìyslr .kakjd fjkqjg f,daflda;a;r hk woyi u;= lrñka ck;dj wkaOlr iudc idOdrK;ajh i|yd wr., lsÍu kj;k jy,a iudchlg miqìu ±óuls'

okõj04

zzidOdrKhZZ iudc iduh Wfoid iy i;Hhg jQ f;da;ekakls' hqla;sh" idOdrK;ajh yd hy md,kh Wfoid y`v k`.k úu¾Ykd;aul ixjdoYS,s újrKhls' fuu`.ska ck;d ú{dkh" wjfndaOh mq¿,a flfrk hy md,kfhka hq;a foaYhla f.dvke.Su iòyd fm< .efik fufyjrlg odhlùug Tngo wdrdOkd flf¾''''

ixialdrl igyk? m%ldYl igyk?

, .re frdydka is,ajd msh;=ud" wOHCIl" CSR

iÕrdfõ m<jk ,smsj, j.lSu f,aLl$f,aÅldjka i;=fõ'

ck;dj wkaO lr iudc idOdrK;ajh i|yd wr., lsÍu kj;k jy,a iudchlg miqìu ±óuls'

uQ,O¾ujdoh uÕska isÿlrkqfha

O¾uh hkq" wd.u hkq ñksid yslauùu msKsi;a" YsIaG iïmkak lsÍu msKsi;a ìysjQjls' úúO ld,j,§ f,djg my< jQ úúO Ydia;Djreka úiska ñksidf.a is; lh jpkh ixjr lrñka f,!lsl;ajfhka Tíng .sh wdOHd;añl udj;a újr lr fokq ,enQfõ ñksidg fuf,dj;a mrf,dj;a iq.;shlau w;am;a lr fokq ioyduh' wd.ï fyda O¾uhka ìysùu;a" miq ld,Skj úldYkh ùu;a" tlS úldYkh w;r;=r úúO ixialD;Ska iu`. iïñY% ùu;a isÿúh' WodyrKhla f,i nqÿ oyu yskaÿ oyfuka yd ixialD;sfhka wdNdIh ,eîh' nqoaO.hdj mjd bÈfldg we;af;a yskaÿ fldaú,l wdlD;shgh' lf;da,sl oyuo .%Sl yd hqfrdamfha fjk;a ixialD;skaf.a wdNdIh ,eîh' bia,dï oyu ueofmrÈ. tjlg mej;s fndfyda wd.ï yd ixialD;ska f.ka fmdaIKh úh' fuu fndfyda wd.ï furgg ixl%uKh jQ miq fy, isxy, isß;a úß;a yd ixialD;sh iu.o noaO úh' kuq;a yskaÿ ixialD;sl wdNdIh ksidu furg ixialD;sh yd jvd fydÈka uqiq ùug wjia:dj Wod jQfha fn!oaO O¾uhgh' wfYdal wêrdcHhdf.a wkq.%yh;a" ixialD;sl .e,mSu;a ksid nqÿ oyu isß,l ;=< jvd fydÈka jHdma; úh' tksidu furg nyq;rh fn!oaO úh' miq ld,Skj bkaÈhdfjka YS% oka; Od;=j jevujdf.k meñKs oka; l=ureka yd fyauud,d l=ußho fn,s.,a fldr,fha lSrje,a, kï .%dufha mÈxÑj isxy, fn!oaOhka njg m;aúh' lf;da,sl oyu furgg meñKsfhau wdl%uKYS,Sjh' th lf;da,sl oyfï jrola fkdj oyfï uqyqKqjr fmkajñka há wruqK ish fj<odu lr.;a mD;D.Siskaf.a Wmdfha we;s iQlaIh njls' miqld,Skj lf;da,sl oyu je<o.;a furg iajfoaYSlhka /ila" úfYaIfhka uqyqÿnv m%foaYhka yS yd lkao Wvrg me;sßks' úfoaYSh lf;da,sl oyu je<o .;a;o Tjqka iajfoaYSh ixialD;sh yd isß;a úß;a ish moku f,iu ;nd .kakd ,È' bia,dï wd.ñlhka isß,lg meñfKkqfha fj<odï lghq;= ioydh' miqj furfÜ mÈxÑ jk Tjqka furg ldka;djkao újdy lr .ksñka furfÜu mqrjeishka msßila f,i Èú f.jhs' nqÿ oyu furgg meñKSug fmr mgkau furg yskaÿ yd ffck wd.ï me;sÍ ;snqKs' úúO ol=Kq bka§h wdl%uK ksid;a" øúv rcjre ksid;a tu wd.ï furfÜ jHdma; úh' miqld,Skj isxy, rcjreka bkaÈhdfjka f.kajd.;a ish ìßkaoEjrekag jeÿï msÿï lsÍu msKsi mkai, ;=<u fldaú,a bÈ l< nj b;sydifha ±lafõ' fuu.ska fn!oaO weoys,s yd yskaÿ weoys,s ñY%ùu werôKs' lïlrejka f,i bkaÈhdfjka j;= fou< ck;dj f.kd w;r" Tjqka yskaÿ oyu weoySh' we;eful= l%sia;shdks wd.ï je<ò.;ay' kuq;a wo jk úg fuu ixialD;sl iïñY%Kh .egqula ;;ajhgu j¾Okh ù ;sfí' wd.u /lSug wd.fïu úkh Í;s yd wK mk;a leãu fï jk úg isÿfjñka mj;S' úfYAIfhka ueofmrÈ. zIßhd kS;shZ jeks kS;s b;d ;on, f,i l%shd;aulfõ' zOïfuda yfõ rlaL;s O¾updÍZ fyj;a zO¾uhfha yeisfrkakd O¾uh úiska rlskq ,efíZ hkak mfilg f.dia O¾uh /lSu msKsi O¾uhu lv lsÍu isÿ lrhs' tod is; lh jpkh ixjrj ish uOqr O¾u foaYkfhka ñksiqka ÈkQ nqÿkaf.a O¾uh;a" jï lïuq,g .eiQ l< ol=Kq lïuq,;a mdñka wiSñ;j i;=rdg mjd iudj ÿka fÊiqia l%sia;=ka jykafiaf.a O¾uh;a" ñksidg iduh me;+ w,a,dy foúhkaf.a oyu;a /lSug iduh lvñka wú uq.=re wfudard f.k hdug isÿùu fl;rï WfmalaId iy.;o@ w{dko@ ydiHcklo@

O¾uh /lSug - O¾uh leãu

, ;s<sK w,yfldka îxialdrl uKav, WmfoaYl&


05

uQ,O¾ujdoh hkafkka uQ,sl jYfhka

woyia lrkafka l=ulao hkak

weiqfjd;a Tn jykafiag mejish yelafla

l=ulao@

we;a;gu uQ,O¾ujdoh lsh,d y÷kajd

fokak mq¿jka m%Odk foa ;uhs fï msßi

úYajdi lrkafka ;ukaf.a oyfï ;uhs

i;H ;sfhkafka" wks;a ish,a,u jerÈhs'

ta ksid ;uka woyk i;H wfk;a

ish¨fokdg nf,ka megùu hq;=hs lshk

u;h ;uhs Tjqka orkafka' ta ksid Tjqka

ta u;h fjkqfjka fmkS isákjd' ta u;h

fjkqfjka ;uka uefrkak;a iQodkï'

fjk flfkl= urkak;a iQodkï' b;ska

tal ;uhs wka;jdofha uQ,O¾ujdofha

Nhdkl iajNdjh' Tjqkaf.a ;sfhk

Nhdkllu ;uhs Tjqka lsisu bjla njla

ke;sj wkak wr tlu fudayfhka

uq,dfjÉp fï msßi úYd, f,i ydkslr

foaj,a isoaO lrkjd' ta ksid

uQ,O¾ujdofha iajNdjh ;uhs fn!oaO

jpkh ;uhs fudayfhka uq,dùu'

wm rg ;=< uqia,sï" ls%ia;shdks" fn!oaO

wka;jd§ uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï

ls%hd;aul jkafka hehs Tn;=ud is;kjdo@

Tjqkaf.a j;auka ls%hdldÍ;ajh Tn

jykafia olskafka flfiao@

uu úYajdi lrkafka keye ls%ia;shdks"

fn!oaO fyda bia,dï n,j;a uQ,O¾ujd§

iajNdjhla we;ehs lsh,d' kuq;a iuyr

,CIK iuyr ;ekaj, fmfkkakg

;sfhkjd' úfYaIfhka fndÿ n, fiakd

meñKSu jf.a foaj,aj, uQ,O¾ujd§

,CIK fmkakqï lrkjd' kuq;a tajd

úYd, jYfhka ixj¾Okh jQ mrdch l<

fkdyels n,j;a ixúOdk fkdfjhs' tajd

y;= msfmkakd jdf.a CIKslj we;sfj,d

CIKslj ke;sfj,d hk tajd ñila

fndfyda úg ngysr fyda tfyu ke;akï

wrdì f,dalfha fjk;a rgj, ;sfhk

n,j;a ck;djf.a iyfhda.fhka ke.S

isák wka;jd§ lKavdhï njg m;afj,d

keye' tfyu m;afjkafka keye uf.a

úYajdih furfÜ nyq;r ckfldgi

woyk oyu ;=< W.kajk bjiSu"

lreKdj" m%{dj" ffu;%sh fïjd flfia

fyda ck yoj;aj,g ldkaÿ fj,d

;sfhkjd l=uk fyda udOHhla u.ska' ta

ksid fï rfÜ ck;dj tfyu Bg

mßndysr foaj,g fm<Uùfï úYd,

wmyiq;djhla ;sfhkjd' ta ksid ug

ysf;kafka wks;a lsishï wd.ulg;a

tfyu uQ,O¾ujd§kag úfYaI ùug fï

rg ;=< bvlv ke;ehs lshk tl uf.a

úYajdih'

b;d uE; ld,fha§ fndÿ n, fiakd

kñka lKavdhula u;=ù wdjd' tu

lKavdhfï ls%hdldÍ;ajh Tn;=ud

olskafka flf,iskao@

uu ys;kafka b;du;a ydkslr iajNdjhla

;uhs Tjqka orkafka' úfYaIfhka

nqÿoyfï b.ekafjk uQ,sl O¾u;djhkag

mgyeksjhs Tjqka ls%hd;aul jkafka'

WodyrKhla yeáhg .;a;yu

nqÿyduqÿrefjda foaYkd lrkafka

ffjrfhka ffjrh fkdikaisf|a hk

ldrKhhs' zkhsf¾kfõk fõrdksZ fï

uq,sl b.ekaùu iyuq,skau lvlr,d

;sfhkjd' t;fldg ffjrh jemsÍfuka"

ffjrh jemsÍu ksid we;sjk m%;súmdl

nqÿyduqÿrefjda b;d meyeÈ<sj fmkajd§,d

;sfhkjd' fndÿ n, fiakdfõ uQ,slu

ffjrh wo iq¿ yd n,j;a ckfldgila

jk uqia,sï ckfldgi flfrys Tjqka

fhduq lrkjd' b;ska fïl lsisu

idOdrK mokula we;s ;¾ldkql+,j

fudayfhka uq,dùu

uQ,O¾ujdofha iajNdjhhs

mQcH wdpd¾h

noafoa.u iñ; ysñol=Kq m<d;a iNd uka;%s

uu kï úYajdi lrkafka keye fldfydugj;au fï rfÜ Ôj;ajk lsisu ckfldgila kej; j;djla Tjqfkdjqkag tfrysj wúwdhqO .kak ;;a;ajhlg m;alrkak mq¿jkafjhs lsh,d' fudlo Bg jvd ñksiqka ÈhqKq ;;a;ajhlg weú,a,d ;sfhkjd' úfYaIfhkau hqoaOfha w;a±lSu;a ta jf.au miq.sh jljdkqfõ§ fn§fuka we;sfjÉp úkdYh;a ksid th fyd|gu mdvula fj,d ;sfhkjd' ta ksid ñksiaiq l,n, fjkafka keye' kuq;a wms ta .ek wvqfjka ;lafiare l< hq;= keye' talhs uu lshkafka fïl fkdkj;sk wr.,hla' wms È.gu fï igk f.khkak ´ke ffjrh me;srùug úreoaOj' ta jf.au wkqkag wmydi lsÍug úreoaOj' tAjd ÿgq ;ek u;jd§j myrfok yeáhg;a ta jf.au kS;suh jYfhka Tjqkaj kS;sh bÈßhg f.khdug;a iudcfhka tu u;jd§ka fldka lsÍug;a ls%hd lsÍu i|yd isys nqoaêfhka wms ish¨fokd lem úh hq;= hehs lshk tlhs uf.a úYajdih'


06iudc.; lrkak mq¿jka u;hla fkfuhs

Tjqka orkafka' Tjqka ork u;h bnd.

df;a .uka lrk tfyu ke;akï

m%Yakhla weyeõjdu yß ms<s;=rla fokak

mq¿jka idOdrK tlla fkfuhs' fndfyda

wdfõ.YS,s ta jf.au ysia u;hla ordf.k

bÈßm;afjk tfy;a iudchg nrm;,

ydks l< yels u;jdohla ;uhs Tjqka

orkafka' ffjrh lsisfia;au ms<s.;

fkdyelsh' ffjrh fn!oaO fkdfjhs"

ffjrh ukqIH fkdfjhs" ffjrh

iudcfhka neyer l< hq;= ldrKhla

yeáhghs uu olskafka'

fndÿ n, fiakd ls%hdldÍ;ajhg lsisÿ

ndysr md¾Yjhl Wmldrhla mj;skafka

hehs Tnjykafia is;kjdo@

WodyrKhlg LTTE wms lshkafka

cd;sjdohg úreoaO msßia miq.sh

jljdkqfõ ud;a we;=<;aj wms foaYmd,k

úi÷ulska fï m%Yakh úi|kak fhdackd

l<du ta jf.au øúv ck;djg m%Yakhla

;sfhkjd lsh,d lsõjyu wmsg tod

fpdaokd lrkak mgka .;af;a wms LTTE

tflka i,a,s wrf.k ke;akï

m,a,sfhka i,a,s wrf.k wd§ jYfhka

lsh,d úúO úÈfya l:d m%pdrh l<d'

Bfha fmf¾È ug ÿrl:kfhka l:d

lr,d kd÷kk flfkla uf.ka

weyeõfõ ±ka uqia,sïjrekaf.ka i,a,s

.kakjdo@ talo fufyu ls%hd lrkafka

lsh,d' b;ska uu lsõjd ug tfyu ldf.

kaj;a i,a,s yïnfj,d keye ldf.j;a

i,a,s ug Wjukdjl=;a keye lsh,d' uu

lsõjd uf.a Wjukdj idOdrKh lshk

ldrKh muKhs lsh,d' Tyq È.ska È.gu

l:d lrkfldg uu lsõjd Thd

oafõYfhka l:d lrk flfkla" ug

Th;a tlal l:d lrkak ldrKdjla

keye lsh,d ÿrl:kh úikaê l<d'

uu olskafka iïm%odhsl l%uhg fkdfjhs'

fndÿ n, fiakdjg uu fpdaokd lrkafka

fndÿ n, fiakdj wyiska lvdjegqkq

ixúOdkhla' tal fï rfÜ ;snqK fohla

fkdfjhs' ysgmq .uka u;=jqkd' ysgmq

.uka f,dl= f>daIdjla lrkak mgka

.;a;d' tfyu fjkak nE' jHdmdrhla

yefokafka ál ál" ck;dj w;rg

hkafka fïl tfyu keye' fïl

foaYmd,lfhda úfõpkh lrf.k ;uka

leue;s whj j¾Kkd lrf.k" ;uka

leu;s whj uqrex.d w;af;a ;sh,d tfyu

ta úÈfya h:d¾:j;a fkdjk

uyfmdf<dfõ mh .y,d bkak

ukqIHhskag fkdf;afrk u;jdohla ;ud

Tjqka bÈßm;a lrkafka' Bg fmr

Tjqkaf.a .uka ìuka" úfoaY iïnkaO;d

WodyrKhla yeáhg ta ixúOdkfha isák

fndfyda NsCIqka jykafia,d fï rfÜ

mqrjeisfhda fkdfjhs' Tjqka weußldkq

mqrjeis Ndjh ,nd isák wh' (Dual Citizenship) TÉpr foaYfm%auhla"

nqÿoyug lelal=ula ;sfhkjd kï ta wh

fldfyduo fjk;a rgj, mqrjeis Ndjh

,nd.kafka@ fudllao talg ;sfnk

idOdrK fya;=j@ B<Õg f,dalfha

;sfhkjdo Anti-Muslim Movement lsh,d tlla' fïlg hqfoõ wka;jd§ka

Woõ lrkjd' i,a,s fokjd' wo ,xldfõ

wx. iïmQ¾K ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,hla

;sfhkjd BY%dfh,a rg ksfhdackh lrk'

uu ta ksid iel lrkjd lsishï

wdldrhl n,mEula" uqo,la fï úÈyg

fmdaiag¾ .ykak" fï úÈyg úhoï

lrkak uqo,a fldfykao wdfõ@ tfyu

fjkak nE' fï wh m%Odkhs lshk

yduqÿrefjda hï jHdmdr lghq;= lrk tl

we;a;' kuq;a Th ;rï uqo,a m%udKhla

jeh lrkak ;rï mrd¾:ldó fjkak ug

fmakafka kE fya;=jla' b;ska ta ksid uu

iel lrkjd úfYaIfhkau Y%S ,xldfõ

wjqreÿ 30 la È.yereKq hqoaOh wjika

jqkdu rg B<Õg ìu odkak mq¿jka tlu

l%uh ;uhs ,xldfõ n,j;a ckfldgila

jk uqia,sï m%cdj iu. isxy, ckfldgi

yemamùu' fïl tlaflda fjf<| ;rÕhla'

uqia,sï whf.a fjf<| wdh;k úkdY

lrk l=uka;%Khla tlaflda ;sfhkjd'

tfyu ke;akï cd;Hka;r n,fõ.hla

;sfhkjd rg kej; úkdY lrkak' fï

ksid uu ys;kjd fndÿ n, fiakdj ;ks

tlla fkfuhs' fndÿ n, fiakdj ta

kñka fmkakqï lrkjd' bkaÈhdfõ Ysj

fiakd m%Odks fufy;a y÷kajkafka fndÿ

n, fiakd m%Odks ;uhs m%Odk

yduqÿrefjda y÷kajkafka' b;ska fï jf.a

iudka;r WodyrK f.kyer olajkak

mq¿jka' flfia fyda úfoaY woyia Woyia

fyda úfoaY uqo,a wdOdr fyda fudkjd fyda

úfoaY f,dl= yia;hl n,mEula ;sfnk

nj fmakjd' tfyu ke;akï fï úÈyg

mdrg neye,d m%isoaO ia:dkj,§ ;j;a

ckfldgilg wmydi lr,d f.or

.sys,a,d" mkai,g .sys,a,d fyd¢ka

ie;fmkak ;rï fï rfÜ kS;sh ÿ¾j,

jqfka fldfyduo lsh,hs ug wykak

;sfhkafka'

fndÿ n, ls%hdldÍ;ajh j¾Okh jk úg

ta wh tla;rd wjia:djl m%ldY l<d wms

ks, fkd,;a fmd,Sish hehs lsh,d'

fujeks m%ldYhla lroa§ rch thg m%N,

m%;spdrhla ±lajQfha keye' fjk;a

flfkla lsõjd kï Tjqkaj w;awvx.=jg

.kakg;a th fya;=jla jkakg bv

;snqKd' Tn;=ud fï ;;a;ajh olskafka

flfiao@

tal ;uhs wmg ;sfhk ielh' fldfyduo

úfYaI jrm%idohla ,nd.kafka fjk;a

whg wmydi lr,d ;ukag fndfyda

jrm%ido ,;a msßila yeáhg fmkS isg,d

kS;shg by<ska bkak Tjqkag fldfyduo

wjia:dj ,enqfKa' talg WodyrK

;sfhkjd' fuhg f.daGdNh rdcmCI

f,alïjrhdf.a wdYs¾jdoh ;sfhkjdh

lshk tlg' Tjqkaf.a m%ldY ´k ;rï

;sfhkjd' Tjqka ta .ek ,eÊcd ke;sj

l:d lrmq wjia:d rdYshla ;sfhkjd

jf.au t;=ud iyNd.s fjÉp fndÿ n,

fiakd uQ,ia:dkh újD; lsÍfï wjia:dj

f,dalhu n,ka ysáhd' ta ksid ta jf.a

wdYs¾jdohla ;sfhkjd jf.a fmakjd' ta

jf.au fudjqka ks, fkd,;a fmd,Sishla

lsh,d lshmq tlu m%udKj;a ´kEu rgl

w;awvx.=jg .kak' fudlo th lsh,d

w;ayeßfha keye' Tjqka ta jf.a jeg,Sï

l<d' ;uka ys;k fn!oaO NsCIqka fkdjk

whhs lshk wh w;awvx.=jg .;a;d'

Tjqkaf.a isjqre .,jd m,jd yeßhd lsh,d

udOH u.ska m<jqkd' kuq;a fïjd ñksiaiq

úYajdi lf<a keye' Tjqkau yomq foaj,a

;ud fï l:dj,a Tlafldu lsh,d' ta

jf.au uiaalv jeg,Sï jf.a foaj,a l<d'

fmd,Sish t;ek§ Tjqkag jvd fofjks

úÈyg yeisreKd' fï wkqj ks, fkdjk

fmd,Sishla yeáhg ls%hd;aul fjkak

W;aidy l<d' fïl fjkak neye

m%cd;ka;%jd§ rgl' thu m%udKj;a

kS;sfhka Tjqkag o~qjï fokak' kuq;a ta

lsisjla isÿfkdùu ;=< rchg weÕs,a,

tal ;uhs wmg ;sfhk ielh' fldfyduo úfYaI jrm%idohla ,nd.kafka fjk;a whg wmydi lr,d ;ukag fndfyda jrm%ido ,;a msßila yeáhg fmkS isg,d kS;shg by<ska bkak Tjqkag fldfyduo wjia:dj ,enqfKa' talg WodyrK ;sfhkjd' fuhg f.daGdNh rdcmCI f,alïjrhd f.a wdYs¾jdoh ;sfhkjdh lshk tlg' Tjqkaf.a m%ldY ´k ;rï ;sfhkjd' Tjqka ta .ek ,eÊcd ke;sj l:d lrmq wjia:d rdYshla ;sfhkjd jf.au t;=ud iyNd.s fjÉp fndÿ n, fiakd uQ,ia:dkh újD; lsÍfï wjia:dj f,dalhu n,ka ysáhd' ta ksid ta jf.a wdYs¾jdohla ;sfhkjd'


07

Èlaùu iajNdúl ldrKhla'

uQ,O¾ujd§ ls%hdldÍ;ajh ls%ia;shdks"

uqia,sï fyda fn!oaO fõjd tu

ls%hdldÍ;ajh È.ska È.gu mej;shfyd;a

th rfÜ meje;aug hymd,khg we;s

lrkq ,nk n,mEu l=ula fõo@

uu ys;kafka we;a;g fïl rfÜ

hymd,khg b;d ydkslr fohla' fudlo

wjqreÿ 30 la f,a .x.djl mSkmq wms

kej; j;djla ta foa olskak isxy,"

fou< fyda uqia,sï lsisjl= leu;s

fjkafka keye' fï rfÜ wjqreÿ 30 la

mej;s hqoaOfha§ yefudau uereï lEjd'

wysxil ñksiaiq" isxy," fou<" uqia,sï

rKúrefjda uereï lEjd' nia;shkams,af,a

lshkafka fou< fmd,sia ks,Odßfhla"

t;fldg l¾k,a uq;d,s*a jf.a wh

uqia,sï' ta wh fï ifgfka§ uereï lEjd'

b;ska fïl ;kshu wfma rKúrefjda

ú;rhs fïfla bkafka lsh,d lshkak

ldgj;a whs;shla keye' uf.a úYajdih

fï ls%hdldÍ;ajh jyd kj;ajd ±óh hq;=

fjkjd' f,a je.sÍula isÿjqfkd;a tfia

isÿfkdfõjd lshd m%d¾:kd lrkjd'

fuhd,f.a fï ls%hdldÍ;ajh È.gu

mej;=fkd;a uu ys;kafka uOHia:

msßfia;a r;= br mksk wjia:djla tkak

mq¿jka' tal ljodlaj;a wm rgg hym;la

fjkafka keye' cd;sl Wkaudojdoh

wksjd¾hfhkau úYd, úkdYhlg w;

jkkjd' ta ksid fïl jydu fï

iudcfhka uq,skqmqgd ±óh hq;=h' ffjÍh

woyia m%ldY lsÍug lsisu wdldrhlska

kS;sfhka bv fkd;sìh hq;=h hkak

udf.a úYajdihhs'

miq.sh ld,iSudj ;=< uqia,sïjrekaf.a

zy,d,aZ hkak iïnkaOfhka .eg¿jla

u;=jqkd' fuh Tn;=ud olskafka l=uk

wdldrfhkao@ th úi|d .ekSug wkq.

ukh l< hq;= ls%hdud¾. ljf¾o@

úúO wd.ïj, úúO foaj,a ;sfhkjd

ñksidf.a uQ,sl iajNdjhka fjkia

lsÍug' ñksidf.a uQ,sl iajNdjh ;uhs

nqÿkag wkqj f,daN" oafõY" fuday hk

fïjd fjkia lrkak' nqÿoyfï

f,daNfhka" oafõYfhka" fudayfhka

ñfokak lshd nqÿkajykafia wkq.ukh

l< hq;= ls%hdud¾. meyeÈ<s lrkjd'

t;fldg fï úÈfya wks;a wd.ïj,ska

wdydrmdk ms<sn|j" pdß;% jdß;% ms<sn|j

fkdfhla pdß;% jdß;% ;sfhkjd' tajd ta

ta wd.ïj,g wdfõKsl ,CIK' t;fldg

wdydrmdk .ek jÈk mqok tl .ek

uqia,sïjreka" ls%ia;shdksjreka" fn!oaOhska

orkafka fjk;a woyia' uqia,sïjreka yd

ls%ia;shdkska j¢kafka ;ukaf.a foúhka

jykafiag ú;rhs' cqfoõjre;a tfiauhs'

fn!oaOfhda tfyu keye' fouõmshkag

j¢kjd" jeäysáhkag j¢kjd' ta jf.a

fjkiajk úúO l%u ;sfhkjd' ±ka wdydr

.ek .;a;yu fn!oaOfhda uia udxYj,ska

je<flkak W;aidy lrk wh'

je<flkak wjYHhs lsh,d l,amkd lrk

wh' t<j¿ wdydr .; hq;=hs lsh,d

úYajdi lrk wh bkakjd' ±ka

fn!oaOhska w;r;a uia ud¿ lk wh

bkakjd'

b;ska t;fldg uqia,sïjre w;f¾ y,d,a

lsh,d foúhkag lem lsÍu msßisÿhs lshk

ldrKh .ek Tjqkau ms<s.kakjd' iuyr

wh ´kEjg jeäh fïl biau;= l<dh

lsh,d mjikjd' t;fldg tajd

fm!oa.,sl ,dN jeälr .ekSug wd§

lghq;=j,g fhdojd .;a;d lshk tl

Tjqkaf.a úYajdihhs' ta jf.a idOdrK

úfõpkhla uqia,sï iudcfh;a ;sfhkjd'

fïlg flá W;a;rhla fokjd kï mjq,

lshk iq¿u tallh iudcfha ;sfhk uj"

mshd iy orejka w;r úúO u;fNao

;sfhkjd' Tjqka tlu cd;shlg" tlu

l=,hlg whs;s fjk wh fjkak mq¿jka'

kuq;a Tjqka úúOhs' úúO u; orkjd' jdo

újdo ;sfhkjd' u;fNao ;sfhkjd f.

j,aj,' b;ska tfyukï uy iudch

.;a;yu ta uy iudch ;=< fjk;a NdId

l:d lrk ta NdId ;j;a flfkl=g

fkdf;afrk fjk;a wd.ï woyk ta wd.

fï isß;a úß;a iyuq,skau wks;a whg

jvd fjkia ixlS¾K iudchl

wksjd¾hfhkau m%Yak ;sfhkjduhs'

yenehs ta m%Yak úi|d .ekSug ;sfnk

l%uh fï fndÿ n, fiakdfõ my;a

ms<sfj, fkdfjhs' ta i|yd YS,dpdr

iudcfha YsIaG iïmkak iudcfha

j¾;udk YsIaGdpdrh ;=< idlÉPdj

lshk l%ufõoh iïuq;sh lshk l%ufõoh

;sfhkjd' wms m%Yak foi ne,Sh hq;af;a ta

m%Yak we;sùug fya;=j fidhd .ekSug;a

ta fya;=j wjika lsÍug;a tajd

yoj;aj,ska uq,skqmqgd ±óug;a ;uhs wm

ls%hd l< hq;= jkafka' b;ska ta ksid uf.a

úYajdih fï oafõYh me;srùu" oafõYh

yd wúYajdih iyuq,skau Wÿrd ±óug

wjYH jk idlÉPduh ls%hd ud¾.h

wkafkdakH wjfndaOfhka

wOHdmkfhkau orejkag fok

wOHdmkhla tlal,d ñY% wOHdmkhla

tlalu fï iudch fjkia lsÍug wks;a

whf.a woyia bjiSug mqyqKq lr.;a

is;la we;s lr .kakg iudcuh

n,mEula l< hq;=hs lsh,hs uf.a

úYajdih'

nqÿkajykafiaf.a ld,fha isgu

Wkajykafia wks;a wd.ïj,g .re l<dh

lsh,hs wms okafka' j¾;udkfha§ ljqreka

jqj;a uQ,O¾ujd§ ls%hdldÍ;ajhla

we;sjqfkd;a th wys;lr n,mEula fõú'

fujeks ;;a;ajhla ;=< wd.ñl

iyÔjkhla we;s lsÍu Wfoid .;hq;=

ls%hdud¾. ljf¾o@

wd.ñl Ydia;%Djreka ish¨fokdu wd.ñl

iyÔjkhg lemjqkq wh' Tjqka lsisjl=

l,amkd lf<a keye wks;a whf.a wd.

ïj,g wmydi l< hq;=h" kskaod l<

hq;=h lsh,d' kuq;a miqld,Skj we;sfjÉp

ixj¾Okhka ;uhs wúwdhqO n,fhka

fyda jHdma;jd§ f,i wêrdcHjdoh"

hg;aúð;jdoh fïjd me;srùug wd.ï

Wmfhda.s lr.;a;d' we;a;gu wd.u

taflÈ ovóud njg m;ajqkd' ta wd.u

wjidk jYfhka wm%sh jk ;;a;ajhlg;a

m;ajqkd' wr uq,ska i|yka l< ta

jHdma;jd§ iajrEmh bÈßhg f.k hkak

wd.ï Woõ ùu ;=< wd.u úYd, mSvdjlg

m;ajqkd' kuq;a wmsg i|yka lrkak

;sfhkafka iEu wd.ulu ;sfhk wka

whf.a woyia bjiSug" wka whf.a wd.u

O¾uhkag .re lsÍug ;sfhk lreKq

fydhdf.k ta lreKq jHdma; lsÍug

iudch ;=<' WodyrKhla .;a;du

nqÿkajykafia tod Ôj;a jQ ish¨

Ydia;%Djreka yuqjqkd' yuqfj,d idlÉPd

l<d' fjk;a wd.ñlfhla ;uka <Õg

mjq, lshk iq¿u tallh iudcfha ;sfhk uj" mshd iy orejka w;r úúO u;fNao ;sfhkjd' Tjqka tlu cd;shlg" tlu l=,hlg whs;s fjk wh fjkak mq¿jka'

kuq;a Tjqka úúOhs' úúO u; orkjd' jdo újdo ;sfhkjd' u;fNao ;sfhkjd' b;ska tfyukï uy iudch .;a;yu ta uy iudch ;=< fjk;a NdId l:d lrk ta NdId ;j;a flfkl=g fkdf;afrk fjk;a wd.ï woyk ta wd.fï isß;a úß;a iyuq,skau

wks;a whg jvd fjkia ixlS¾K iudchl wksjd¾hfhkau m%Yak ;sfhkjduhs' yenehs ta m%Yak úi|d .ekSug ;sfnk l%uh fï fndÿ n, fiakdfõ my;a ms<sfj,

fkdfjhs' ta i|yd YS,dpdr iudcfha YsIaG iïmkak iudcfha j¾;udk YsIaGdpdrh ;=< idlÉPdj lshk l%ufõoh iïuq;sh lshk l%ufõoh ;sfhkjd'


08.eg

¿ /ilg ú

i÷u

weú;a lsõjyu nqÿka irK hkak leu;shs

lsh,d iuyr wjia:dj,§ th m%;sfCIam

l<d' nqÿkajykafia lsõjd kE Thd wdmiq

.sys,a,d Tfí .=rejrhdg Wmia:dk

lrkak' Tn kej; l,amkd lrkak

lsh,d' fï jf.a fndfyda újD; ukila

tod nqÿyduqÿrefjda ;=< ;snqKd'

Wkajykafia wdl,am ,ndÿkafka B<Õ

mrïmrdjg ta .ek l,amkd lrkak' fï

ksid fïl È.gu hk wr.,hla' fïl

fkdkj;sk wr.,hla' yeu iudchla

;=< fukau fï W;aidyh .ekSu wjYHhs'

ta fudllao wd.ñl ffjrh fyda cd;s-

l=<-u, me;srùu je<elaùug tla

me;a;lska kS;suh ls%hdud¾.;a wd.ï

wdo¾Yu;aj ls%hd lrñka bjiSu

fjkialï iys; iudchl Ôj;a ùug

mqyqKq lsÍu i|yd ish¨ Wmdh ud¾.

wkq.ukh l< hq;=hs lshk tlhs uf.a

úYajdih'

fï uQ,O¾ujd§ ls%hdldrlï W;aikak

ùfuka ke;akï fïjd ñksiqkaf.a

is;aj,g we;=,a lsÍfuka wkd.;fha rg

;=< wd.ñl fkdikaiqka;djhla hqoaOhla

we;sfõ hehs Tn;=ud ys;kjdo@ th

j<lajd .ekSug wm l< hq;af;a l=ulao@

uu kï úYajdi lrkafka keye

fldfydugj;au fï rfÜ Ôj;ajk lsisu

ckfldgila kej; j;djla Tjqfkdjqkag

tfrysj wúwdhqO .kak ;;a;ajhlg

m;alrkak mq¿jkafjhs lsh,d' fudlo Bg

jvd ñksiqka ÈhqKq ;;a;ajhlg weú,a,d

;sfhkjd' úfYaIfhkau hqoaOfha

w;a±lSu;a ta jf.au miq.sh jljdkqfõ§

fn§fuka we;sfjÉp úkdYh;a ksid th

fyd|gu mdvula fj,d ;sfhkjd' ta ksid

ñksiaiq l,n, fjkafka keye' kuq;a wms

ta .ek wvqfjka ;lafiare l< hq;= keye'

talhs uu lshkafka fïl fkdkj;sk

wr.,hla' wms È.gu fï igk f.

khkak ´ke ffjrh me;srùug úreoaOj'

ta jf.au wkqkag wmydi lsÍug úreoaOj'

tajd ÿgq ;ek u;jd§j myrfok

yeáhg;a ta jf.au kS;suh jYfhka

Tjqkaj kS;sh bÈßhg f.khdug;a

iudcfhka tu u;jd§ka fldka lsÍug;a

ls%hd lsÍu i|yd isys nqoaêfhka wms

ish¨fokd lem úh hq;= hehs lshk tlhs

uf.a úYajdih'

ta jf.a ;;a;ajhla j<lajd .ekSug

;jÿrg;a woyia úuikjdkï iudÔh

jYfhka" wd.ñl jYfhka yd

foaYmd,ksl jYfhka j¾;udkh wkq.

ukh l< hq;= ld¾hNdrh l=ulao@

uq,skau i|yka l<d jf.a wms

úfYaIfhkau fï iudcfha ;sfhk mSvdj

wjika lsÍug fudllao uQ,O¾ujdoh"

talg uqlal=jla ;uhs fï È<s÷lu" iudc

mSvkh' t;fldg tajd bj;a lr,d

ixj¾Okfha uxudj;a újD; lr,d rfÜ

;sfhk ¥Is; nj" ¥IK" w,a,ia ta jf.a

ukao.dó miq.dó ;;a;ajhka fjkia

lr,d ish¨ ckfldgiaj,g tl msßilg

fyda tl foaYmd,k jYfhka jrm%ido

,nd.;a msßilg fkfuhs' lsisfjla kS;sh

bÈßfha fyda lsisfjla iudc jrm%ido

,nd.;a kS;sh bÈßfha by<ska isáh yels

wh fkdisáh hq;=h jf.au wd¾Ól

jYfhka we;sjk mr;rho wju lsÍug

ls%hdlsÍu ixj¾Okh i|yd lemùu jeks

;;a;ajhka we;s lsÍfuka ish¨fokdg

idOdrK yd iudk wjia:d ,nd§fuka

fun÷ ;;a;ajhka j<lajd.; yelsfjkjd

hehs uf.a úYajdihhs'

Tnjykafia jdudxYsl foaYmd,khg;a

lsishï keUqrejla ;sfhk W;a;u

iajdñkajykafia kula' Tnjykafia fï

uQ,O¾ujdoh jdudxYsl oDIaÀ fldaKfhka

ne¨fjd;a uQ,O¾ujdoh msgq±l,d

iudcfha hymd,kh we;s lrkakg

iudchg Èh hq;= úfYaI mKsúvh l=ulao@

iudchg fokak wjYH mKsúvh ;uhs

fï Okjd§ wd¾Ól l%ufhka ìyslrk ,o

mdßfNdack w¾: l%uh ksid ñksid úYd,

mSvdjlg m;afjkjd' fï ;sfhk

mdßfNdackjd§ iudch orK fndre

jevlg ke;s nr ta jf.au ;rÕldÍ;ajh'

wd¾Ólfha ;rÕldÍ;ajh fyd|hs' yenehs

,dN ,eîug ;sfhk ;rÕldÍ;ajh ;uhs

úkdYldÍ' ta ksid ñksiqka ir, pdï ùu

wo wNsfhda.hla fj,d ;sfhkjd' ´fidka

ia:rh ñksid úiska úkdY lrkjd'

ñksid ;uka fj; wjidk jYfhka

úkdYh le|j.kakjd' ta ksid fï ;=<

;sfnk n,lduh ta jf.au Ok ;DIaKdj

wiañudkh ;ud ms<sn|j ;sfhkakdjQ

jerÈ wjfndaOh' uu" uuu ;uhs

f,dalfha jeo.;au lsh,d ys;k fukak

fï is;=ú,a, wvqlr .ekSug iudch ;=<

úYd, ixjdohla we;sfjkak ´kE' b;ska

ta ;=< úfYaIfhkau fï f,dalfha ´k

;rï m%udKd;aulj wdydr ;sfhkjd" ´k

;rï fnfy;a ;sfhkjd' fïjd ,dN

,eîu lshk W.=f,a ysrfj,d úYd,

ckfldgilg fïjd wysñfj,d

;sfhkjd' ta ksid ta ckfldgi ffjrhg

keUqrefjkak ;sfhk bvlv jeähs' ta

ksid wdydrmdk ms<sn|j rchka

isyskqjKska lghq;= l< hq;= fjkjd'

wdydrmdk jf.a foaj,a ,dN ,eîu i|yd

Wmfhda.s lr.; fkd.; hq;=hs lsh,d

uf.a yeÕSu' .ukd .ukh" wdydrmdk"

fi!LH ,dN ,nk foaj,a fkdùh hq;=hs'

tajd ñksiqkaf.a wjYH;d bIag lsÍug

fhdod.; hq;= foaj,a' ,dN ,eîug tajd

fhdod.ekSu ksid ;uhs fï l<yh

we;sfj,d ;sfhkafka' b;ska ta ksid uu

ys;kafka pdï ir, f,i Ôj;a fjkak

ljqre;a leu;shs' ta jf.au

mdßfNdackjdoh wjika lr,d

wjYH;djg wkqj ñksidg foaj,a ,nd.

kakg bvlv ie,fik wd¾Ól l%uhla

.ek l,amkd l< hq;= hehs lsh,d uu

ys;kjd'

ksoyiska miafia wfma rfÜ foaYmd,k kdhlfhda f;areï fkd.;a; tla fohla ;sfhkjd' ;uka rfÜ w.ue;ssjrhd fyda ckdêm;sjrhd jqkyu ;uka iyuq,skau ;ukaf.a wd.u m%o¾Ykh lsÍfuka cd;sh m%o¾Ykh lsÍfuka je<lS isákak ´kE' kuq;a fï je/oao wms yeuodu lr,d ;sfhkjd' ±ka fyd|u WodyrKh ;uhs z,S lajEka hQZ isx.mamQrefõ ysgmq w.ue;sjrhd Tyq fn!oaOfhla' Tyq fn!oaOfhla lsh,d uu ±k.;af;a ±kg wjqreÿ 10 lg muK fmr Tyq iÕrdjlg lsh,d ;sfhkjd uu fn!oaOfhla lsh,d' kuq;a uu ljodlaj;a fn!oaOd.ñl W;aijj,g hkafka keye' f.or mj;ajk W;aijj,g muKhs iyNd.s jkafka' uu lsisu wd.ñl W;aijhlg iyNd.s jkafka keye lsh,d m%ldY lr,d ;sfhkjd' ta ksid uu ys;kafka fyd|u foa ;uhs rch wd.fuka ksoyia fjkak ´kE' rch f,!lsl rchla fjkak ´fka' tfyu ke;akï wd.uhs rchhs w;r iïnkaO;djh ÿria fjkak ´kE' tal ;uhs wjidk úi÷u'


09uQ,O¾ujdoh u;=jkafka fjf<|fmd,

;rÕh ;=< hï n,hla talrdYS lr

.ekSug;a tfyu ke;akï foaYmd,k

n,h ;yjqre lr .ekSfï tla me;slvla

yeáhg lsh,o Tnjykafia ys;kafka@

tfyu kï ta ;;a;ajh j<lajd .ekSug

wms l=ula l< hq;=o@

uf.a úYajdih fï folu n,mdkjd' fï

folu wjidk ú.%yhlg .sfhd;a tlla'

fudlo n,h" ,dN ,eîu" fjf<| ;rÕh

wms ±lald miq.sh ld,fha øúv

jHdmdßlhska úkdY lsÍug

úúOdldrfhka W;aidy .;a;d' hï ÿrlg

id¾:l jqkd' wms f;areï .kak ´kE fï

;ud Y%S ,dxlsl iudcfha Ôj;ajk uqia,sï

ckfldgig fjf<|dï lsÍu ms<sn|j

wjqreÿ oyia .Kkl w;a±lSula ;sfhkjd'

isxy, iudch lDIsld¾ñl miq.dó

iudchla úÈhg ;sì,d ;uhs uE;l§

fjf<|dug neiafia' uqia,sïjre Tjqka

;ukaf.a w;a;d uq;a;d wdÉÑ iShd

wd§kaf.ka mqyqKqfjÉp ta jHdmdßl

{dkh Wmfhda.s lrf.k úúO jHdmdr

b;d Wiia uÜgulg f.k,a,d ;sfhkjd'

wms ta flfrys B¾IHdfjka n,kak fyd|

keye' wms Tjqkaf.a yelshdj f;areï

.kak ´fka'

ksoyiska miafia wfma rfÜ foaYmd,k

kdhlfhda f;areï fkd.;a; tla fohla

;sfhkjd' ;uka rfÜ w.ue;ssjrhd fyda

ckdêm;sjrhd jqkyu ;uka iyuq,skau

;ukaf.a wd.u m%o¾Ykh lsÍfuka cd;sh

m%o¾Ykh lsÍfuka je<lS isákak ´kE'

kuq;a fï je/oao wms yeuodu lr,d

;sfhkjd' ±ka fyd|u WodyrKh ;uhs

z,S lajEka hQZ isx.mamQrefõ ysgmq w.

ue;sjrhd Tyq fn!oaOfhla' Tyq

fn!oaOfhla lsh,d uu ±k.;af;a ±kg

wjqreÿ 10 lg muK fmr Tyq iÕrdjlg

lsh,d ;sfhkjd uu fn!oaOfhla lsh,d'

kuq;a uu ljodlaj;a fn!oaOd.ñl

W;aijj,g hkafka keye' f.or

mj;ajk W;aijj,g muKhs iyNd.s

jkafka' uu lsisu wd.ñl W;aijhlg

iyNd.s jkafka keye lsh,d m%ldY lr,d

;sfhkjd' ta ksid uu ys;kafka fyd|u

foa ;uhs rch wd.fuka ksoyia fjkak

´kE' rch f,!lsl rchla fjkak ´fka'

tfyu ke;akï wd.uhs rchhs w;r

iïnkaO;djh ÿria fjkak ´kE' tal

;uhs wjidk úi÷u' tfyu ke;akï

,xfjkak ,xfjkak fof.d,a,kagu

wjdis fjkjd' úfYaIfhkau wd.ug

úYd, ydkshla isoaO fjkjd' ±ka wfma

rfÜ tal isoaO fjñka mj;skjd'

foaYmd,k{fhda fïl olskafka ck;djg

,xfjkak mq¿jka f,aisu jxpksl

wêfõ.S ud¾.h yeáhghs' fï fol fjka

fjkak ´kE' wd.ñl kdhlfhda f;areï

.kak ´kE fï fol ñY% lsÍu ;=< jeäu

;=jd, isÿjkafka wd.u oyug hehs lshk

woyi' ta ksid foaYmd,k{fhda ;=< l+G

Wml%u ;sfhkjd n,h i|yd' uu

olskafka uE;l§ Y%S ,xldfõ we;sfjÉp

;;a;ajhka tjeks flá wêfõ.S ud¾.hla

n,h r|jd .ekSug' n,h ,nd.ekSug

wkd.; ie,iqula yeáhg tl cd;shla

by<ska ;n,d wks;a whg myr §,d

wd.ñl Wkaudoh mdúÉÑ lr,d n,fha

/£ isàug .kak l%shdud¾.hla yeáhghs

uu olskafka'

uQ,O¾ujd§ ls%hdorhskaf.a

ls%hdldrlïj,g yiqfkdù cd;sjd§

me;a;g keUqre fkdù fyd| isys

nqoaêhlska mqrjeishka f.dvk.d.; hq;=

hehs lshk u;jdoh iudc.; lsÍu i|yd

Tnjykafiag ,ndÈh yels mKsúvh

l=ulao@

uu b,a,kafka yefudaf.kau ffu;S%

Ndjkdj lrkak lsh,hs' ñ;=relu

m%pdrh lrkak' ;ukaf.a ys;g tk

woyia kej; úuikak' fyd|g msßmyÿ

fjÉp woyia muKla m%ldY lrkak'

yeufokdu ;ukaf.a wd.ïj, W.kajk

hym;a foaj,a .eku ys;kak' ys;,d ta

hym;a foaj,a ls%hdjg k.kak'

WodyrKhla yeáhg ls%ia;shdksjrekag

lsh,d ;sfhkjd fm%auh m%Odkhs" foúhka

jykafia flfrys fm%auh jf.au" foúhka

jykafiaf.a ks¾udK flfrys;a fm%auh

olajkak ´kE Tjqka úiska' b;ska ta ksid

ta jf.a i;aj f,dalfha ish,a,kag

fm%aufha wjYH;djh ;sfhkjd' ta ksid

foajd.ï ms<s.kakd wh foúhka

jykafiaf.a jpkh ls%hd;aul lrkak

fn!oaOfhda ;ud úYajdi lrk ñ;=re

m%;sm;a;sh ffu;%sh lsÍu lshk ñ;=relu'

ta ksid fn!oaOhska oafõY iy.; fkdù

lreKdfjka yd m%{dfjka lghq;=

lrkak lsh,hs fláfhka lshkak

;sfhkafka'

uu b,a,kafka yefudaf.kau ffu;S% Ndjkdj lrkak lsh,hs' ñ;=relu m%pdrh lrkak' ;ukaf.a ys;g tk woyia

kej; úuikak' fyd|g msßmyÿ fjÉp woyia muKla m%ldY lrkak' yeufokdu ;ukaf.a wd.ïj, W.kajk

hym;a foaj,a .eku ys;kak' ys;,d ta hym;a foaj,a ls%hdjg k.kak' WodyrKhla yeáhg ls%ia;shdksjrekag

lsh,d ;sfhkjd fm%auh m%Odkhs" foúhka jykafia flfrys fm%auh jf.au" foúhka jykafiaf.a ks¾udK flfrys;a fm%auh olajkak ´kE Tjqka úiska' b;ska ta ksid ta jf.a

i;aj f,dalfha ish,a,kag fm%aufha wjYH;djh ;sfhkjd' ta ksid foajd.ï ms<s.kakd wh foúhka jykafiaf.a jpkh

ls%hd;aul lrkak fn!oaOfhda ;ud úYajdi lrk ñ;=re m%;sm;a;sh ffu;%sh lsÍu lshk ñ;=relu' ta ksid fn!oaOhska

oafõY iy.; fkdù lreKdfjka yd m%{dfjka lghq;= lrkak lsh,hs fláfhka lshkak ;sfhkafka'

,idlÉPd lf<a ( ik;a m%kdkaÿ


10

uQ,O¾ujdoh ms<sn|j flá ye¢kaùula

lrkjdkï Tn;=udg mejish yelafla

l=ulao@

uQ,O¾ujdoh lshk kuu .;af;d;a uQ,sl

jYfhka Fundamentalism hïlsis O¾uhl

;sfhk uQ,sl b.ekaùï fj; fhduqùulah'

uQ,sl b.ekaùï u; fhduqùug fya;= jQ

ldrKh ;uhs ;uka woyk oyu ke;akï

o¾Ykh wE,shdjg hdula" úlD;s ùula

yeáhg lshkak mq¿jka' neÆne,aug

hïlsis oyul ls%ia;shdks uQ,sl

i;H;djhka fj; fhduqfjkjd kï th

hym;a fohla' kuq;a fï wd.ï woykafka

ukqIHhka ksidu ñksiqka fok w¾:l:

khka ;u Y%dia;Djrhkaf.a oyug msgqmd

hk iajrEmhla olakg ,enqkd'

WodyrKhla jYfhka .;af;d;a

ls%ia;shdksfha uQ,sl jk uQ,O¾uh fm%aufha

O¾uh b;sydih;a iu. l%ufhka wE;aùula

isÿjqkd' ta ksidu úúO wjia:dj,§ m%lD;s

;;a;ajhg f.ktaug úúO W;aidyhka

±rejd' fufia fï m%lD;s ;;a;ajh

f.dvke.Sug b;sydih ;=< W;aidy

±Ífï§ th úlD;shla njg m;ajqkd'

fuh ls%ia;shdksh ;=< olakg ,efnkafka

úisjk ishji wdrïNfha§h' ta ksid

úúO lKavdhï fuu ienE ;;a;ajh

f.dvke.Sug hdfï§ Tjqka m%;sfCIam jQjd

muKla fkdj Tjqkag uQ,O¾ujd§kah hk

f,an,h we,jqkd'

f,dj ;=< fï jk úg me;sr we;s

uQ,O¾ujd§ ls%hdldÍ;ajfha n,mEu Tn;=ud

olskafka flfiao@

uQ,O¾ujd§ka l,ahdfï§ úlD;s uqyqKqjrla

.;af;a wka;jd§ iajrEmhlg wdfoaYùu

ksidh' tkï i;H lrd Tjqka msúfikjd

fjkqjg uQ,O¾uhka u; msysgd wka

ish,a,u m%;sfCIam lsÍug fhÿkd' fï

fya;=j ksidu ms<s.;a o¾Ykhka O¾uhka

w;r .egqïldÍ iajrEmhla we;sjqkd'

;uka woyk O¾uh fyda o¾Ykh uQ,sl

isoaOdka;h fj; m%drïNl isoaOdka; fj;

fhduq lrkjd fjkqjg Tjqkag isÿjqfkao

wka;jd§ ms<sfj;la wkq.ukh lsÍuh' fï

iajrEmh ksidu ta ta wd.ïj, mej;s

ksoyia u; bjiSug bvla Tjqka w;r

fkd;snqKs' i;H úlD;s jqkd' ixjdohlg

bvla ;snqfKa keye' fï lreKq mokï

lrf.k tu lKavdhï uQ,O¾ujd§ka

f,i ye¢kaùu ld,h;a iu. isÿjQ fohla

fjkjd' iïm%odhsl O¾uh fkdßiaiQ

lKavdhï iu. noaO jQ fuu uQ,O¾ujd§ka

miqj ixúOdkd;aul iajrEmhla f.dvk.d

.kakg jqkd' fï wruqK idCId;a lr

.ekSug Okj;=kao fuhg tlajqkd' ta ksid

tla;rd wdldrhlska wd.ï n,h iu. Ok

n,ho" foaYmd,k n,ho ñY% ùu isÿjqkd'

ta wkqj uQ,O¾ujdoh ixlS¾K jHQyhlg

wä;d,ula jqkd' iïm%odhsl oyu ia:dms;

lsÍfï wruqKska wdrïN jQ fuu lKavdhï

ld,h;a iu. úlD;sù fjkuu ksldhka

njg m;aùu b;sydih mqrd olakg

;sfnkjd'

fuu lKavdhï uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï

ksid idïm%odhsl O¾uh .ek kej; is;d

l%sia;shdksuQ,O¾ujdoh yd n,mEu

.re Íâ fI,agka msh;=ud

ld,h;a iu. ixúOdkh ùfï yelshdj ;=< wd.ñl jYfhkao iudÔh jYfhka yd foaYmd,k jYfhka talrdYSùu ;=< f,dalfha fujeks uQ,O¾ujd§ ksldhka m%p,s; jqkd' f.ù .sh ishjilg jeä ld,hla ;=< ixúOdkh ù we;s uQ,O¾ujd§ ls%ia;shdks ksldhka 25"000 lg wêl m%udKhla f,dalh mqrd me;sr mj;skjd' fuhg foaYmd,k n,ho" wd¾Ól n,ho ls%hd;aul fjkjd' iuyrúg foaYmd,k kHdh m;%hka bgqlrkqjia uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï n<,a w;la ù lghq;= lrkjd' WodyrKhla jYfhka 1980 oYlfha ls%hd;aul jQ úuqla;s foaj O¾uh ksYal%Sh lsÍug Okjd§ wd¾Ólh fhdod .;af;ao fujeks uQ,O¾ujd§ ksldhkah' 1987 § uu n%is,fha l< ixpdrhl§ ug b;du meyeÈ<sj idCIs we;sj fuu ldrKd bÈßm;a lsÍug f;dr;=re mj;skjd' tkï ÿmam;=ka nyq,j isák me,am;aj, ck;dj Okjdohg tfrysj ikakoaO lsÍfï ls%hdoduhg tfrysj hñka nhsn,Sh ksldhka wdrïN lrñka ÿ.S ck;dj Okjd§ Ñka;khlg fhduq lf<a wkd.;h ms<sn|j isysk ujñkah' ;ukaf.a ÿ.S ;;a;ajh iïnkaOfhka ú.%y lrkjd fjkqjg wkd.;fha ,efnk iaj¾.Sh ;;a;ajhka ujdmdñka fud< iQrk Ñka;khlg fhduq lrkjd ud isheiska ÿgqjd' fuh wêrdcHjd§ka ck;d úuqla;shg tfrysj bgql< fm%davdjla fia f;areï .kakg Tjqkag fkdyels jqkd'


11

n,kakg fhduqùu hym;a m%jK;djhla

yeáhg olajkakg mq¿jka' tfy;a fuu

lKavdhï fjkuu ksldhka yeáhg

ixúOdkh ùfï fya;=fjka mriamrhka

ìysùuo olakg ,enqkd' ta ksid tla;rd

úÈylska uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï

ls%ia;shdksh ;=< jHdma; jQfha idïm%odhsl

ls;=oyug tfrysjh' ke;fyd;a ls%ia;shdks

iïm%odh m%Yak lsÍfukah' ls;=kq iNd

b;sydih ;=< jßkajr fujeks lKavdhï

biau;= jQ nj b;sydih msßlaisfï§ meyeÈ<s

fjkjd' fodf<diajk ishjfia§ wiSisfha

*%ekaisia uqks;=udf.a Ôú; meje;au ;=<skao

biau;= jQfha fujeks m%jdyhla' th

idïm%odhsl iNdj ;=< isÿjQ ksid tu

ls%hdldÍ;ajh iNd fNaohla we;sjkakg

;snQ bvlv je<lS .shd' th hym;a

m%jK;djhlao jqkd' idïm%odhsl iNdj ;=<

mej;=kq úlD;s iajNdjhla je<elaùugo

th uÕla jQ nj m%p,s;h' idïm%odhsl

iNdj ;=< mej;s úlD;s iajNdjh ;ud

uQ,sl i;H;djhkaf.ka neyerùu' tajd

yod .ekSug yelsjqkd tfia iNdj ;=<

isgu' uQ,sl i;H;djhka w;r fÊiq

iñ|dKka .ek úYajdih" iNdfõ ±lau"

YS,O¾u jeks lreKq mokï lrf.k jerÈ

w¾:ksrEmKhg bv fkd§ th jvd

i;H;djh u; msysgd lghq;= lsÍug

fm<Uùula ksid hym;a m%jK;djhla

f.dvke.=kd' yqfola uQ,O¾ujdoh ;uka

orK u; ;=< msysgd úúO iNd fNao" fõo

fNao b;sydih ;=< we;s jqfkao fujeks

m%jK;djhka wdrïNfha isg mej;=k

ksidh' fï wkqj n,k l, uQ,O¾ujd§

b.ekaùï ksldhka ksidu ;u ;ukaf.a

m%jK;djhka .ek úu¾Ykhl fh§

ú.%yhlg ,lafldg wdrïNl mKsjqvh

fj; /£ isàug iNdjkag wjia:dj

Wodjqkd'

l%sia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ jHdma;sh

iïnkaOfhka Tn;=udf.a ú.%yh ljf¾o@

ld,h;a iu. ixúOdkh ùfï yelshdj

;=< wd.ñl jYfhkao iudÔh jYfhka yd

foaYmd,k jYfhka talrdYSùu ;=<

f,dalfha fujeks uQ,O¾ujd§ ksldhka

m%p,s; jqkd' f.ù .sh ishjilg jeä

ld,hla ;=< ixúOdkh ù we;s uQ,O¾ujd§

ls%ia;shdks ksldhka 25"000 lg wêl

m%udKhla f,dalh mqrd me;sr mj;skjd'

fuhg foaYmd,k n,ho" wd¾Ól n,ho

ls%hd;aul fjkjd' iuyrúg foaYmd,k

kHdh m;%hka bgqlrkqjia uQ,O¾ujd§

lKavdhï n<,a w;la ù lghq;= lrkjd'

WodyrKhla jYfhka 1980 oYlfha

ls%hd;aul jQ úuqla;s foaj O¾uh ksYal%Sh

lsÍug Okjd§ wd¾Ólh fhdod .;af;ao

fujeks uQ,O¾ujd§ ksldhkah' 1987 § uu

n%is,fha l< ixpdrhl§ ug b;du

meyeÈ<sj idCIs we;sj fuu ldrKd

bÈßm;a lsÍug f;dr;=re mj;skjd' tkï

ÿmam;=ka nyq,j isák me,am;aj, ck;dj

Okjdohg tfrysj ikakoaO lsÍfï

ls%hdoduhg tfrysj hñka nhsn,Sh

ksldhka wdrïN lrñka ÿ.S ck;dj

Okjd§ Ñka;khlg fhduq lf<a wkd.;h

ms<sn|j isysk ujñkah' ;ukaf.a ÿ.S

;;a;ajh iïnkaOfhka ú.%y lrkjd

fjkqjg wkd.;fha ,efnk iaj¾.Sh

;;a;ajhka ujdmdñka fud< iQrk

Ñka;khlg fhduq lrkjd ud isheiska

ÿgqjd' fuh wêrdcHjd§ka ck;d

úuqla;shg tfrysj bgql< fm%davdjla fia

f;areï .kakg Tjqkag fkdyels jqkd'

weußldkq jHdma;jdoh .ek ckdêm;s

frdk,aâ f¾.ka isák iufha Okjd§

wd¾Ólhg Wvf.ä §u i|yd ls%ia;shdks

uQ,O¾ujd§ka fhdod .;af;a nhsn,Sh

O¾uhka ;ukaf.a jdishg yrjd

.ekSfukah' ,;ska weußldfjka wdrïN jQ

fuu .uk wms%ldj" wdishdj ;=< jHdma;j

mj;skjd' óg tfrysjk m%Odk idOlh ù

we;af;a uqia,sï nyq;rhla ù we;s

rgj,aj,ska muKh' tu ksid wkd.;fhaÈ

ls;=kq uQ,O¾ujd§ka yd uqia,sï

uQ,O¾ujd§ka w;r wr.,hlg u.mEfoao

hk ielh we;sù ;sfnkjd' fï wkqj

fuu ls;=kq uQ,O¾ujd§ ksldhkaf.ka

iïm%odhsl wd.ñl lKavdhïj,g jk

fi;la we;a±hs lsj fkdyel' tfy;a tu

lKavdhï yryd f,!lsl iem iïm;a

nyq,j fnod.ekSu ;=< f.dvkef.kafka

ls%ia;shdksfha úlD;s ;;a;ajhlah' ;jo

uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhïj, u;=msáka

fmfkk fohla kï Tjqkaf.a Ôú;j,

ienE fjkila isÿùuh' ls%ia;shdks

m%;sm;a;s ms<smÈñka nhsn,Sh mKsúvh ;=<

Ôj;a jk nj wmg olakg ,efnkjd'

tfy;a ta iu. ls%hd;aul jk ryis.;

kHdh m;%h .ek meyeÈ<sj lreKq ±laùu

b;d wmyiq ld¾hhla fjkjd' úúO

lKavdhïj,g úúO kHdh m;%hka fukau

Tjqfkdjqka w;r ;rÕldÍ ;;a;ajhla

mj;skjd' tlsfkl lKavdhïj,g Tjqkaj

n|jd.ekSu ;=< wd¾Ól jdis Tjqkag we;s

jk nj meyeÈ<s fjkjd' fuhg tla;rd

fya;=jla jkafka 10] T;= f.ùuh' th

n,lsÍulska hq;=j lrk ksid Tjqkaf.a

wd¾Ólh Yla;s iïmkakj jefvñka

mj;skjd' ta wkqj Tjqkag úúO

ls%hdldrlïj,g wjia:dj mEfokjd'

Y%S ,xldj ;=< b;sydifha mgka jHdma;

jk ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujdofha úúO

me;slvhka Tn y÷kajkafka flfiao@

iNd b;sydih ms<sn|j lreK f.kyer

±laùu ta iïnkaO úfYaI{hska ms<s;=re Èh

hq;= fjkjd' b;d uE; ióm;u ld,fha§

iqkdñh;a iu. iud.ï ,shdmÈxÑ ùu

hgf;a úúO ls;=kq ksldhka foaYhg

meñKsfha idïm%odhsl iNdjkago wNsfhda.

t,a, lrñkah' tu ksid Tjqkaf.a

f;dr;=re talrdYS lsÍu b;d ÿIalr

ld¾hhla fjkjd' Y%S ,xldj ;=< lf;da,sl

iNdjg wu;rj cd;sl lsia;shdks uKav,h

idïm%odhslj ls%hd;aul jQj;a óg yeg

jirlg fmr Evangelical Alliance iNdjka yeg ;=klska iukaú;h' fuhg

wu;rj zksoyia iNdjkaZ tla;rd hq.hl

lKavdhï ydrishhla mej;s njg lreKq

bÈßm;a fjkjd' fï m%udKh fld;rïo

hkak wmg yßhg lshkak neye' Tjqka

lshk" lrk foa yd iodpdr fkdjk

whqßka tu ksldhkag iïnkaO lr.ekSu

idïm%odhsl ls;=kq wd.ïj,go t,a,ù we;s

ure myrlah' iqj lsÍï yryd o" iqnidOk

jevms<sfj,j,a u.skao" ÿmam;=ka kÕd

isgqùfï jevms<sfj,j,a u.skao" wOHdmkh

,nd§fukao fuu lKavdhïj,g úúO

idudðlhska iïnkaO lr.ekSu lrf.k

hkq ,nkjd' tajdhska hym;la isÿfõo

keoao hkak .ek ksYaÑ; jYfhka

lshkakg neye'

uQ,O¾ujdoh yd iïu; iNdjka w;r

fjkialï Tn;=ud olskafka flfiao@

neÆ ne,aug iïu; iNdjka yd

uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï w;r meyeÈ<s

fjkila fkdue;s nj ls;=kq fkdjk

whgo olakg wmyiqh' tfy;a O¾uh

ms<sn|j yd nhsn,Sh b.ekaùï ms<sn|j

w¾:l:kh lsÍfï§ meyeÈ<s fjkila

fmfkkakg ;sfhkjd' idïm%odhsl

iNdjka ;u oyug wkql+,j úúO

i;H;djhka w¾:ksrEmKh lrk w;ru

uQ,O¾ujd§ ksldhka ;ukag ßis whqßka

w¾:ksrEmKh lrñka O¾uh úlD;s

lsÍulao isÿlrkq ,nkjd' tfiau

iïm%odhsl iNdjka ;=< mQ¾K i;H;djh

olakg we;;a fuu ksldhka ;=< we;af;a

iSñ; i;H;djh f.dvke.Sula muKh'

Y%S ,xldj ;=< lf;da,sl iNdjg wu;rj cd;sl lsia;shdks uKav,h idïm%odhslj ls%hd;aul jQj;a óg yeg jirlg fmr Evangelical Alliance iNdjka yeg ;=klska

iukaú;h' fuhg wu;rj zksoyia iNdjkaZ tla;rd hq.hl lKavdhï ydrishhla mej;s njg lreKq bÈßm;a fjkjd' fï m%udKh fld;rïo hkak wmg yßhg lshkak neye'

Tjqka lshk" lrk foa yd iodpdr fkdjk whqßka tu ksldhkag iïnkaO lr.ekSu idïm%odhsl ls;=kq wd.ïj,go t,a,ù we;s ure myrlah'

,idlÉPd lf<a ( ik;a m%kdkaÿ


12

ì%;dkH rch úiska 2012 jir ;=< Y%S

,xldfõ udkj ysñlï iïnkaOfhka

m<l< jd¾;dfõ zwd.ï fyda úYajdihka

i|yd jk ksoyiZ fldgfia fufia olajd

we;'

zz2012 jir ;=< wd.ñl n,mEï

ksidfjka we;sjQ .egqï fnfyúka

j¾Okh ù we;' tu jir ;=<

fm%df;ia;ka; m,a,s 52 lg tfrysj

lrk ,o ysxidldÍ ls%hd jd¾;d ù

we;' uqia,sï m,a,sj,g tfrys

ysxikhkao by< f.dia we;' fn!oaO

mQcd N+ñhl msysá njg;a th fjk;a

ia:dkhlg f.k hd hq;= njg;a

Woaf>daIKh lrñka oUq,af,a msysá

uqia,sï m,a,shlg fn!oaO NsCIqka

msßila úiska myr § we;' ta

iïnkaOfhka lsisfjl= fyda

w;awvx.=jg f.k fkdue;s w;r úúO

wd.ï woyk ckfldgia w;r

tlsfklg tfrys wd;;Ska ygf.k

we;' fndÿ n, fiakd kñka y÷kajd

.;a cd;sjd§ lKavdhula úiska

wd.ñl iq¿;rhlg tfrys jHdmdrhla

wdrïN lr we;'ZZ

fï w;r 2012 uehs 7 jk Èkg fndÿ n,

fiakd kñka mj;ajdf.k hk iq¿;r

wd.ï úfrdaë jHdmdrhg jirla imsÍ

we;s nj Tjqkaf.au udOH ksfõokhla

u.ska m%ldYhg m;alr we;' fï ish¨

;;a;ajhka ;=< ,xldj ;=< wka;jd§

wd.ñl m%jK;djhka u;=fjñka we;ao

tajdfha j¾;udk iajrEmh l=ulao@

tajdfha j¾Okhka i|yd n,md we;s

cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r m%jK;d ljf¾o

hkak ú.%y lr ne,Su ldf,daÑ;h'

uQ,O¾ujdoh hkq l=ulao@

hï wd.ñl u;jdohl ±ä fia t<U

.ksñka tu u;jdoh ;on, f,i iudch

u; mgjñka ta u; mokïj iudchla

md,kh lsÍu fyda Bg W;aidy ±Íu

uQ,O¾ujdoh f,i fmdÿfõ y÷kajuq'

fndfyda úg fuu wd.ñl u;jdohka

kQ;k;ajh yd kQ;k;ajh mokïjk

±kqu m%;sfCIam lrk wdldrhlao wmg

±l.; yelsh'

b;sydih ;=< fndfyda ld,hla wd.ñl

u;jdohka u; mokïj iudchka

md,kh jQ nj wms oksuq' úfYaIfhka

uOH;k hq.h ;=< iEu rdcHhlau mdfya

uQ,O¾ujdoh ieuod fiajh lr we;af;a

md,l mka;shghs

kQ;k;ajh tkï Okm;s l%uh ìysùfuka miqj wmg m%:u jrg uQ,O¾ujd§ jHdmdrhla olakg ,efnkafka 19 jk ishji w. yd 20 jk ishji uq, ì%;dkH yd weußldj ;=< u;=jQ ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujdoh ;=<sks' fuh uQ,sl jYfhka fm%df;ia;ka;jdoh ;=<ska u;=jQjls' fudjqka tjlg úoHdfõ yd ;dCIKfha isÿfjñka mej;s j¾Okhka iu. idïm%odhsl ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾u yd ne÷kq ixialD;sh fjkia lsÍug tfrysj ±ä wr.,hla f.k .sfhah' fuu fm%df;ia;ka; uQ,O¾ujd§ka ;u wr.,h jHjia:dodhlh yd wêlrKh olajdo f.k .sfhah' tu.ska 1920 .Kka jk úg fudjqka mdi,a úIh ks¾foaYhg mßKdujdoh we;=<;a fkdlsÍu i|yd m%dka; wdKavq 11 l kS;s mekùug mjd iu;aúh' we;af;kau t;eka isg 1997 muK jk f;la weußldkq mdi,a úIh ks¾foaYhg mßKdujdoh we;=<;a fkdùh' fuu wr.,h nrm;, wd.ñl uQ,O¾ujd§ wr.,hla jqjo th yqfola úoHdfõ yd ;dCIKfha ÈhqKqj iu. wNsfhda.hg ,lajQ uQ,sl ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾u ;jÿrg;a mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd .;a W;aidyhla úh'


13úldYkh jQfha wd.ñl u;jdohka u;

mokïjh' bkaÈhdfõ fu!H_ wêrdcHh

^wfYdal rcq úiska l+Gm%dma;shg m;al<&

fldkaia;ka;Ska úiska m%;sixialrKh

lrk ,o frdau wêrdcHh" ueofmrÈ.

rdcHhka fuhg WodyrKfõ' tfy;a

kQ;k;ajh ìysùu;a iu.u wd.ï u;

mokïj iudch md,kh lsÍu

l%udkql+,h neyer jQ w;r rdcH md,kh

ish¨fokdg fmdÿ ksrd.ñl tlla úh

hq;= nj fmdÿfõ ms<s.efkkakg úh'

weußldkq ksoyia igk yd m%xY úma,jh

kQ;k;ajhg u. mEÿ m%Odk isÿùï fõ'

Okm;s l%uh f,dalh ;=< ;yjqre jkafka

fuu isÿùï iu.h' OfkaIajr

isoaOdka;hka jevjiï hq.fha iudc

md,kh jQ isoaOdka;hkag fnfyúka

fjkia úh' ;u wd.u" cd;sh" l=,h"

f.da;%h fyda wd.u fkd;lñka kS;sh

bÈßfha ish¨fokd iudk f,i ie,lSu

OfkaIajr md,k l%ufha ms<s.;a m%Odk

isoaOdka;hls' wd.ï u; mokïj

iudchla md,kh lsÍu OfkaIajr

isoaOdka;hkag mgyeksh' OfkaIajr l%uh

ìysùu;a iu.u idudkH jYfhka

fndfyda ÿrg wd.ñl u;jdohkaf.a

n,mEug yiqfkdjk md,k ;ka;%hka

wmg ±lSh yels jkafka fï ksidh' fï

ksid uQ,O¾ujdofha ke.Su .ek l:d

lsÍu fjkqfjka wm jevjiï w;S;hg

hd hq;= fkdjk nj l;=jrhdf.a woyihs'

l;=jrhd idlÉPdjg Ndckh lrkqfha

OfkaIajr l%uh ìysùfuka miq úldYkh

jk iudc foaYmd,k ikao¾Nhhs'

kQ;k;ajh ;=< uQ,O¾ujdofha m<uq keÕsàu

kQ;k;ajh tkï Okm;s l%uh ìysùfuka

miqj wmg m%:u jrg uQ,O¾ujd§

jHdmdrhla olakg ,efnkafka 19 jk

ishji w. yd 20 jk ishji uq, ì%;dkH

yd weußldj ;=< u;=jQ ls%ia;shdks

uQ,O¾ujdoh ;=<sks' fuh uQ,sl jYfhka

fm%df;ia;ka;jdoh ;=<ska u;=jQjls'

fudjqka tjlg úoHdfõ yd ;dCIKfha

isÿfjñka mej;s j¾Okhka

iu.

idïm%odhsl ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾u yd ne÷kq

ixialD;sh fjkia lsÍug tfrysj ±ä

wr.,hla f.k .sfhah'

fuu fm%df;ia;ka; uQ,O¾ujd§ka ;u

wr.,h jHjia:dodhlh yd wêlrKh

olajdo f.k .sfhah' tu.ska 1920 .Kka

jk úg fudjqka mdi,a úIh ks¾foaYhg

mßKdujdoh we;=<;a fkdlsÍu i|yd

m%dka; wdKavq 11 l kS;s mekùug mjd

iu;aúh' we;af;kau t;eka isg 1997

muK jk f;la weußldkq mdi,a úIh

ks¾foaYhg mßKdujdoh we;=<;a fkdùh'

fuu wr.,h nrm;, wd.ñl

uQ,O¾ujd§ wr.,hla jqjo th yqfola

úoHdfõ yd ;dCIKfha ÈhqKqj iu.

wNsfhda.hg ,lajQ uQ,sl ls%ia;shdks

uQ,O¾u ;jÿrg;a mj;ajdf.k hdu

i|yd .;a W;aidyhla úh' th lsisfia;a

1970 .Kkaj,ska miqj j¾Okh jk

uQ,O¾ujd§ m%jK;d yd iei¢h

fkdyelsh' fuhg wu;rj tu ld,h

;=<u hqfoõ rdcHhla ia:dms; lsÍu

fjkqfjka mej;s isfhdkajd§ jHdmdrho

uQ,O¾ujdÈ jHdmdrhla f,ig we;euqka

úiska i,lkq ,enqjo th nrm;, f,i

hqfoõ cd;sl m%Yakh iu. ne¢ mej;=ks'

bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdoh

j¾;udkfha wmg ks;r wikakg

olskakg ,efnkqfha bia,dï

uQ,O¾ujdoh ms<sn|jh' bia,dï

uQ,O¾ujdoh wkq.ukh lrñka fyda

thg m%;sl%shdjla f,i fyda úúO wd.ñl

uQ,O¾ujdohka u;=j ;snqKo f,dal

mßudKj n,.;= foaYmd,k m%mxphla

f,i u;=j we;af;a bia,dï

uQ,O¾ujdohhs' fuu bia,dï

uQ,O¾ujdoh n,.;= foaYmd,k idOlhla

f,i u;=j tkafka 1970 .Kkaj, isg

jk w;r 1991 § fidaúhÜ foaYh

ì|jeàfuka miqj th jvd;a k.ak

iajrEmhla .kakg úh'

ksrú hqo iufha wjidkh iksgqyka

lrñka fidaúhÜ foaYfha ì|jeàu;a iu.

udkj b;sydifha olakg ,efnk

nrm;,u w¾nqoldÍ ld,mßÉfþohg

fodr újr úh' zb;sydifha wjidkhZ

ms<sn| lshuka l=Kq nlalshg weo ouñka

Okm;s l%uh fmr fkdjQ úrE w¾nqohla

lrd ;,a¨ jkakg úh' fuu ld,h ;=<

iudc wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k jYfhka

w¾nqohg .uka fkdl< tlu fyda

l,dmhla mD;=úh u; fkdùh' fuu

w¾nqohg úi÷ula ,nd§ug fyda iudch

bÈßhg f.khdug fyda Okm;s l%uh

wfmdfydi;a nj th kej; kej;;a

Tmamqfldg we;' wfkla w;g fuu

w¾nqoh ms<sn| ksis meyeÈ<s lsÍula

lrñka" thg úi÷ula ,nd§u fjkqfjka

OfkaIajr l%uh fmr<d ±óug

kdhl;ajh Èh yels f,dal mßudK

jdudxYsl jHdmdrhlao olakg fkdùh'

fuu ;;a;ajh ;=< tkï OfkaIajr

l%uhg ;ukau we;s l< w¾nqohg

úi÷ula ,nd§ug fkdyels ùu;a wfkla

w;g tu Okm;s l%uhg tfrysj ckhd

fm<.eiaiúh yels jdudxYsl jHdmdrhla

fkdue;sùu;a ksid fuu w¾nqohg

m%;sl%shdjla f,i fndfyda rgj,

foaYmd,k mßêh ;=< t;rï w¿;a fkdjQ

tfy;a w¿;a f,i fmfkk m%mxphla

u;=jkakg úh' OfkaIajr w¾nqoh ;=<

jvd;a jeä mSvkhlg ,lajQ W!K

ixj¾ê; rgj, úfYaIfhka bia,dï

nyq;rhla fjfik rgj, bia,dï

uQ,O¾ujdoh fmr fkdjQ úrE

mßudKfhka u;=jkakg úh' fndfyda

uqia,sï rgj, n,fha isá

wêrdcHjd§kaf.a wdOdr Wmldr ,enQ

md,lhkag fuu iudc w¾nqohg l=uku

fyda úi÷ula §ug fkdyels ùu;a tu

rgj,a w¾nqofhka w¾nqohg .uka

lrkakg ùu;a Bg n,mE m%Odku fya;=j

úh' bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdoh foaYmd,k

lr<sfha m%Odk;u Odrdjla fkdjQ tlo

uqia,sï nyq;rhla iys; rgla f,dalfha

olakg fkdùh' fuys nrm;,lu

fld;rïo h;a uqia,sïjre b;d iq¿;rhla

jdih lrk Ökh yd weußldjo tys

n,mEug yiqj we;'

bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdofha b;sydih

tfy;a we;af;kau bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdoh

oYl .Kkdjla ;siafia we;s±äfldg

j¾Okh lrkq ,enqfõ ngysr

1956 § Bðma;=fõ .ud,a wíÿ,a kid¾ úiska iQjia we, cki;= lsÍu;a ta ksid we;sjQ w¾nqofha§ ì%;dkHhg yd m%xYhg mrdch w;aùu;a ksid

h<s;a jrla wêrdcHjdoh ;e;s .;af;ah' tjlg zuqia,sïZ rgj, jHdma; fjñka mej;s jdu.dó Odrdjka wêrdcHjd§ Wjukdjkag úfYaIfhka

wvq ñ,g f;,a ,nd .ekSug we;s yelshdjg nrm;, ndOlhla f,ig wêrdcHjd§ka i,lkakg úh' fuu jdu.dó yd ck;djd§ md,lhka ÿ¾j, lsÍfï Wmdh ud¾.hla f,ig bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdoh fmdaIKh fldg j¾Okh lsÍug wêrdcHjd§ka bÈßm;a úh' idudkHfhka wd.u

flfrys t;rï wkq.%yhla fkdolajk jdu.dó yd ck;djd§ md,lhkag we;s ckms%h;ajh wvqlr,Sug Ndú;d l< yels fyd|u Wmdh f,ig tod

wêrdcHjdoh ÿgqfõ bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdoh j¾Okh lsÍuhs'


14

wêrdcHjdoh úisks' ksYaÑ; f,i bia,dï

uQ,O¾ujdoh 1953-59 ld,h ;=<

weußldkq rdcH f,alï OQrh ±rE fcdaka

f*diag¾ v,iaf.a ixl,amhla nj

lshefõ' ngysr wêrdcHjdoh úiska

bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdoh yodjvd we;s±ä

lrkq ,enqfõ wehso hkak wm úiska

fidhd ne,Sh hq;=h'

úisjk ishji uq, jk úg zuqia,sïZ

rgj,a ish,a, mdfya ngysr wêrdcHjd§ka

úiska fnod.kq ,en ;sìKs' úfYaIfhka

wrdìh fuu ngysr wêrdcHjd§kag

w;HdjYHu l,dmhla úh' ta OfkaIajr

l%ufha meje;aug w;HdjYH m%Odk;u

wuqøjH jk Lksc f;,a b;d nyq,

jYfhka fuu l,dmh ;=< mej;Su

ksidh' úisjk ishji uq, jk úg fuu

zuqia,sïZ ckhdgo m%Odk jYfhka wjYH

jQfha wêrdcHjd§ .%yKfhka ñ§ugh'

1917 Tlaf;dan¾ we;sjQ reishdkq

fnd,afIaúla úma,jh uqia,sï ck fldgia

;=< mej;s fuu wêrdcH úfrdaë

wr.,hkag kj Ôjhla" kj n,mEula

we;s lsÍug iu;aúh' WodyrKhla

jYfhka iqkaksjrekaf.a m%Odk;u

kdhlfhla jQ Tmdhsâ W,a,d iskaê

(Opaid Ullah Sindhi) fuu fnd,afIaúla

úma,jfha n,mEug fld;rï k;=jQfhao

h;a Tyq 1921 § f,kska yuqùu msKsi

fidaúhÜ foaYfha ixpdrhl ksr; úh'

tf,iu bkaÈhdfõ isá uqia,sï W.f;l=

jQ ujq,dkd yiar;a fudydks (Maulana Hasrat Mohani) fnd,afIaúla úma,jfhka

,o n,mEu fld;rïo h;a Tyq 1924

bkaÈhdkq fldñhqksiaÜ mCIfha f,alï

OQrhg m;aúh'

we;af;kau uqia,sï rgj,;a wfkla hg;a

úð; rgj,;a wêrdcH úfrdaë wr.,j,§

fnd,afIaúla úma,jfhka n,mEï ,o

jdudxYsl fldgia w;suy;a ld¾hNdrhla

bgqlf<ah' ,xldfõ iuiudc mCIh thg

lÈu WodyrKhls' fujeks WodyrK

wmg bkaÈhdj" brdlh" isßhdj" iQvdkh"

we,aÔßhdj yd bkaÿkSishdj hk rgj,§

meyeÈ<sj ±l.; yelsúh' tfy;a tjlg

iagd,skaf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a mej;s

fldñhqksiaÜ cd;Hka;rfha ;snQ jerÈ

iy.; ±lau ksid fuu ke.S tk kj

fhdjqka /äl,a lïlre yd wfkl=;a

ckfldgiaj, Wjukdjka tu rgj,

fldñhqksiaÜ mCI úiska mdjd§ug fhÿkq

w;r ta ksidu tu rgj, Okm;s

mka;shg n,h ;yjqre lr .ekSug

bvlv újr úh' hg;a úð; Ndjfhka

ksoyi ,nd.ekSfuka miqj mjd fuu

zuqia,sïZ rgj, n,.;= jdu n,fõ.hka

u;=jkakg úh' isßhdj" fhaukh"

b;sfhdamshdj yd ;j;a uqia,sï rgj,§ tu

rgj, l=Kqfjñka mej;s jevjiï

OfkaYajr wdKavq fmr<d ouñka ie,iqï

iy.; wd¾Ólhka u; we;sjQ

taldêm;s;ajhka ìysl< jdu.dó

l=uka;%K we;sjQ w;r ;j;a rgj, tu

rgj, mej;s jdu.dó Odrdjkaf.a n,mEu

u; ck;djd§ kdhlhska n,hg tkakg

úh'

ta jk úg bia,dï uQ,O¾ujd§ ixúOdk

tu iudchka ;=< ìysjQ ;snqKo ck;dj

ta ms<sn|j ;elSula fkdl< ;rïh' Al-Ikhwan-al-Muslimun fyj;a uqia,sï

ifydaor;ajh Bðma;=j we;s lrkq ,enqfha

1928 §h' Jamat-e-Islamic ixúOdkh

bkaÈhdj ;=< we;s lrkq ,enqfha 1941 §

jk w;r bkaÿkSishdfõ uQ,O¾ujd§

ixúOdkhla jk Nahdlatul Ulama fyj;a NU we;slrkq ,enqfõ 1926 §h'

bkaÿkSishdj ;=< Masjumi (Majlis Sjuro Muslimin) ixúOdkh we;s lrkq ,enqfha

1945 §h' tfy;a fuu uQ,O¾ujd§ka

;=Ügqjlg fyda fkdi,lñka 1954 §

jdujd§ n,fõ. ksfhdackh l< .ud,a

wíÿ,a kid¾ Bðma;=fõ n,hg meñKS

w;r 1945 § tjeksu jdu.dó kdhlfhl=

jQ iql¾fkda bkaÿkSishdj ;=< n,hg

meñKsfhah' miqld,fha§ ±ä uQ,O¾ujd§

md,khlg k;=jQ brdkh ;=<o n,.;=

jdu.dó Odrdjla mej;s w;r tys n,mEï

u; 1951 § ck;djd§ md,lfhl= jQ

fudfyduâ fudidfâ brdkh ;=< n,hg

meñKsfhah' Tyq tjlg weka.af,da-

m¾ishka f;,a iud.u ^wo ì%áIa

fmÜfrda,shï& i;=j ;snQ brdk f;,a

l¾udka;h cki;= lsÍu olajd fmrg

meñKsfhah' fuhska ì%;dkH yd weußldkq

wêrdcHjdoh nrm;, f,i ;e;s

.;af;ah' miqj ì%;dkH ryia T;a;= fiajh

jQ M16 ys b,a,Su u; weußldkq CIA ixúOdkh úiska Èh;a l< TPAJAX kue;s l=uka;%Kh u.ska fudfyduâ

fudidfâ n,fhka myfldg rcqg ys;j;a

yuqod fckrd,ajrfhl= jQ *iaf,d,a,d

ifyaä n,hg m;alrk ,§' miqj brdk

rcq f¾Id md,ú Id yg wd{dodhl n,hla

f.dvk.d .ksñka 26 jirla mqrd

weußlka .e;s md,khla trg ;=< f.

khdug bvlv újr lrk ,oafoa

fudfyduâ fudidfâ n,fhka myl<

tu l=uka;%Kh úisks'

1956 § Bðma;=fõ .ud,a wíÿ,a kid¾

úiska iQjia we, cki;= lsÍu;a ta ksid

we;sjQ w¾nqofha§ ì%;dkHhg yd m%xYhg

mrdch w;aùu;a ksid h<s;a jrla

wêrdcHjdoh ;e;s .;af;ah' tjlg

zuqia,sïZ rgj, jHdma; fjñka mej;s

jdu.dó Odrdjka wêrdcHjd§

Wjukdjkag úfYaIfhka wvq ñ,g f;,a

,nd.ekSug we;s yelshdjg nrm;,

ndOlhla f,ig wêrdcHjd§ka

i,lkakg úh' fuu jdu.dó yd

ck;djd§ md,lhka ÿ¾j, lsÍfï Wmdh

ud¾.hla f,ig bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdoh

fmdaIKh fldg j¾Okh lsÍug

wêrdcHjd§ka bÈßm;a úh' idudkHfhka

wd.u flfrys t;rï wkq.%yhla

fkdolajk jdu.dó yd ck;djd§

md,lhkag we;s ckms%h;ajh wvqlr,Sug

Ndú;d l< yels fyd|u Wmdh f,ig

tod wêrdcHjdoh ÿgqfõ bia,dï

uQ,O¾ujdoh j¾Okh lsÍuhs'

wêrdcHjdofha w;fld¿j

brdkfha Ishd jeks jH;sf¾Lhka we;;a

fndfyda rgj, bia,dï uQ,O¾ujd§ka

weußlka .e;s taldêm;S;ajhkag iydh

olajkakg úh' Bðma;=fõ uqia,sï

ifydaor;ajh .ud,a wíÿ,a kid¾

ckdêm;s urd±ófï l=uka;%Khl ksr;

úh' Tjqka Bðma;=j yd isßhdj wd§ rgj,

jdu.dó md,khka wia:djr lsÍug odhl

1978 iudcjd§ kHdh m;%hla iys; rchla we*a.ksia:dkfha n,hg m;aùfuka miqj tu rcfha iydhg fidaúhÜ yuqod we*a.ksia:dkfha isá jir 10 lg wdikak ld,h ;=< fuu uQ,O¾ujd§ka weußldj yd m%;s.dó wrdì rdcHhka fjkqfjka l=<S hqoaOhl ksr; úh' CIA ixúOdkh f,dalfha fndfyd uqia,sï rdcHhka ;=<ska fujeks uQ,O¾ujd§ka n|jdf.k uqo,a yd hqo WmlrK imhd § we*a.ksia:dkh ;=< reishka yuqodj,g tfrysj igka je§u msKsi fhdojk ,§' ìka ,dvka hkqo tfia we*a.ksia:dkh ;=< reishka yuqodjkag tfrysj igkaje§u msKsi lKavdhï ixúOdkh lsÍu i|yd weußldkq CIA ixúOdkh úiska n|jdf.k fndfyda ld,hla udisl jegqma f.jQ weußldkq l=<S fyajdfhls'


15

úh' bkaÿkSishdfõ kya,;=,a W,ud

ixúOdkh iqy¾f;daf.a taldêm;s;ajh yd

tlaj ñ,shkhla muK fldñhqksiaÜjd§ka

>d;kh lsÍug iDcqj odhl úh' Tjqka

tu taldêm;S;ajfha iydhlhska úh'

mlsia:dkfha m%Odk;u uQ,O¾ujd§

ixúOdkh jk cud;a-ta-bia,dï

ixúOdkh Ishd W,a ylaf.a ñ,sgß md,k

iuh ;=< jdudxYslhska úkdY lr ±óug

rch yd tlaj lghq;= lf<ah' Tjqkaj Ishd

úfrdaë Woaf>daIKj,g myr§ug mjd

fhdod .kq ,eîh' nx.,dfoaY úuqla;s

wr.,hg úreoaOj Ishd W,a ylaf.a

yuqodj yd tlaj tu úuqla;sldóka oyia

.Kkska urd ±óug cud;a-ta-bia,dï

ixúOdkh lghq;= lf<ah'

1978 iudcjd§ kHdh m;%hla iys; rchla

we*a.ksia:dkfha n,hg m;aùfuka miqj

tu rcfha iydhg fidaúhÜ yuqod we*a.

ksia:dkfha isá jir 10 lg wdikak

ld,h ;=< fuu uQ,O¾ujd§ka weußldj

yd m%;s.dó wrdì rdcHhka fjkqfjka l=<S

hqoaOhl ksr; úh' CIA ixúOdkh

f,dalfha fndfyd uqia,sï rdcHhka ;=<ska

fujeks uQ,O¾ujd§ka n|jdf.k uqo,a yd

hqo WmlrK imhd § we*a.ksia:dkh ;=<

reishka yuqodj,g tfrysj igka je§u

msKsi fhdojk ,§' ìka ,dvka hkqo

tfia we*a.ksia:dkh ;=< reishka

yuqodjkag tfrysj igkaje§u msKsi

lKavdhï ixúOdkh lsÍu i|yd

weußldkq CIA ixúOdkh úiska n|jdf.

k fndfyda ld,hla udisl jegqma f.jQ

weußldkq l=<S fyajdfhls'

we*a.ksia:dkfha igka je§ug fjk;a

rgj,ska bia,dï uQ,O¾ujd§ l=<S

fyajdhka n|jd .ekSug CIA Ndú;d l<

m%Odk;u igka mdGh jQfha zuqia,sï rgl

wkHd.ñl yuqodjka r|jd .ekSug tfrys

fjuqZ hk igka mdGhhs' fuu igka

mdGh hgf;a úúO rgj,g wh;a

uQ,O¾ujd§ka oyia .Kklg uq,HdOdr

hqo mqyqKqj yd hqo WmlrK ,enqKs' 1989

§ we*a.ka hqoaOh wjika ùfuka miq tlS

l=<s fyajdhka úisr .sh w;r Tjqka iEu

zuqia,sïZ rgla ;=<u m%n, ikakoaO

bia,dï uQ,O¾ujd§ ixúOdk

f.dvkeÕSug m%n, odhl;ajhla ,nd ÿks'

ta wkqj wo wmg olakg we;s bia,dï

uQ,O¾ujdoh uq¿uKskau wêrdcHjdofha

m%;s.dó wjYH;d ksidu we;s lrk

,oaols'

w;fld¿j mdrdj<,a,la ùu

ìysùug n,mE fya;= l=ula jqjo ´kEu

m%mxphla thgu wdfõKsl .;slhla we;s

lr .kS' ta fouõmshkaf.ka ìysjk

orefjla fouõmshkaf.ka fjkiaj Tyqgu

wdfõKsl ,CIK we;slr .kakjd fuks'

,xldfõ LTTEh hqOuh jYfhka

j¾Okh ùug bka§h rcfha wdOdr

Wmldr fkdwvqj ,enQ nj i;Hhls'

tfy;a LTTEh ;ukag Wjukd f,ig

muKla md,kh lr .ekSu bkaÈhdjg

fkdyels úh' wjidkfha rÔõ .dkaê mjd

urd ±óug LTTEh bÈßm;a úh'

bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdofha .uko tjeksu

úh' 1978 isg uqia,sï we*a.ksia:dkfha

wkHd.ñl yuqodjka /£ isàug tfrysj

igkajeÈ fuu uQ,O¾ujd§kag tlajru

1982 § BY%dh,a yuqod f,nkkhg

lvdje§u;a tu BY%h,a yuqod bj;alr

.kakd f,ig tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrCIl

uKav,hg f.k wd fhdackdjg tfrysj

weußldj ksfYaO n,h Ndú;d lsÍu;a

miqj 1990 § uqia,sï brdlhg yd fi!Èhg

wkHd.ñl weußlka yuqod lvdje§u;a

wd§ lreKq myiqfjka Èrjd .; fkdyels

úh' ish,a, lKmsg yefrkakg jQfha

t;eka isgh' 1990 § brdlh" l=fõgh

wdl%uKh lsÍu wêrdcHjdoh lïmkhg

m;al< ;j;a isÿùula úh' brdlfha iodï

yqfiaka nrm;, weußlka .e;af;l= jQ

w;r Tyq weußldj fjkqfjka 1980 isg

1988 olajd jir 8 la brdkh yd hqojeo

isáfhah' tfy;a l=fõgh wdl%uKh lsÍu

yryd brdlhg f;,a fjf<|fmdf,a

CIKslj jvd úYd, mx.=jla w;alr

.ekSug yelsùu wêrdcHjdohg lsisfia;a

bjish fkdyels úh' wfkla w;g

l=fõgh wdl%uKh lsÍu;a iu. tjlg

f,dalfha isõjk úYd, yuqodj jQ brdl

yuqodj f,dalfha f,dl=u f;,a ksê

;sfnk fi!Èhg w;fmdjk udhsug

meñKsfhah' fi!È md,lhka ìh.;a w;r

tu wjia:dfõ§ ìka ,dvka fi!Èfha

wdrCIdj fjkqfjka uqcys§ka iydh *dâ

rcqg ,nd§ug bÈßm;a úh' tfy;a th

m%;sfCIam l< *dâ rcq fi!Èfha wdrCIdj

fjkqfjka weußlka yuqod r|jd .ekSug

;SrKh lf<ah' uqia,sï rgla ;=< wkHd.

ñl yuqodjla /£ isàug tfrysj we*a.

ksia:dkfha igkajeÈ ìka ,dvkag yd Tyq

úiska 1988-89 ld,fha f.dvkÕk ,o

w,alhsvd ixúOdkhg uqia,sï wd.fï w;s

mQckSh ulalu yd u§kd m,a,s folu

;sfnk fi!Èh ;=< weußlka yuqod /£

isàu lsisfia;a bjish fkdyels úh'

fi!Èh ;=< weußlka yuqod r|jd ;nd

.ekSu .ek m%isoaêfha úfõpkh l< ìka

,dvkaj fi!Èfhka msgqjy,a lrkq ,eîh'

wêrdcHjdoh úiska ks¾udKh l< igka

mdGh yd Wmdh ud¾.h wêrdcHjdohgu

tfrysj ke.S isákakg úh'

ngysr wêrdcHjdoh fuu uqia,sï

2013 wm%sfh,a 22 Èke;sj hdj;ald,Sk

lrwe;s fkda¾fõ ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h

úiska udOH ksfõokhl fufia olajd

we;'

zz'''''''' mQcH .,f.dvw;af;a {dkidr ysñ

fuhg fmr 2011 § fkdarfõ ixpdrhl

fhÿks' tu Tiaf,da ixpdrh isÿjQfha Tyq

fndÿ n, fiakd iu. iïnkaO ùug

fmrh' we;af;kau th isÿjQfha ;dkdm;s

ld¾hd,h fndÿ n, fiakdys meje;au

.ek fyda ±k.ekSug fmrh' tu Tiaf,da

ixpdrh ixúOdkh lrk ,oafoa

Norwegian Peace Building Resource Center (NPBRC) u.sks' fn!oaO

mQcljreka miafofkl= we;=¿ isxy,hska

wg fofkl=g wdrdOkd l< w;r ta 2011

Tlaf;dan¾ 20 isg 26 hk Èkj, fou<

vhiafmdardfõ idudðlhska uqK.eiSugh'

tu ksfhdað; lKavdhu my; i|yka

whf.ka iukaú;h'

1' mQcH .,f.dvw;af;a {dkidr ysñ

2' mQcH w¿;ajej wdkkao ysñ

3' mQcH omfka iqukjxY ysñ

4' mQcH je,suv Ydka; ysñ

5' mQcH ú;drkafoKsfha kkao ysñ

6' wdpd¾h È,ka; ú;dkf.a

7' mQð; úfÊisxy

8' ud¾la wekagks fmf¾rd

2012 uehs 7 jk Èk wdrïN l< nj

mejfik fndÿ n, fiakd ixúOdkfha

m%Odk f,alï .,f.dvj;af;a {dkidr"

tys cd;sl ixúOdhl ú;drkafoKsfha

kkao ysñ" tys m%Odk úOdhl wdpd¾h

È,ka; ú;dkf.a hk ish¨fokd fulS

fkda¾fõ ixpdrhg iyNd.s ù we;s nj

fï wkqj b;du;a meyeÈ<sh'

fndÿn, fiakd fkda¾fõ irK .shdo @


1716uQ,O¾ujdoh Wjukdjg jvd W¨mamd

±lajQ nj ienEjls' we,aÔßhdj ;=< FIS uQ,O¾ujd§ka ch.ekSu ksid

wêrdcHjdoh ;e;s .ekSu yd ta jk úg;a

uQ,O¾ujd§ka n,h .;a brdkfha§;a"

f,nkkh jeks rgj,§;a ngysr

wêrdcHjd§ka ,o wñysß w;a±lSï Bg

fya;=jQjd ksielh' wfkla w;g fidaúhÜ

foaYh ì|jeàu;a ksrú hqo iuh wjika

ùu;a ksid ngysr rgj,g ;jÿrg;a

;ukaf.au lïlre mka;sh ìh .kajd

;nd.ekSug wjYH jQ ndysr idOlhla

ke;sj .sfhah' Tjqkag ;ukaf.au lïlre

mka;sh yd /äl,ajd§ ck;dj ìh.kajd

;nd.ekSug w¿;a fohla wjYH úh'

bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdoh ta i|yd Tjqkg

Ndú;d l< yels w¿;au idOlh úh'

tkhska n,k l, wêrdcHjdohg

i;=reùfuka miqj mjd wêrdcHjd§ka

bia,dï uQ,O¾ujd§kaf.ka Wmßu

m%fhdack .ksñka isà' ngysr

wêrdcHjd§ka uqia,sï uQ,O¾ujdoh

Wjukdjg;a jvd msïîug m%Odku fya;=j

jQfha fuhhs'

,xldj ;=< keÕS tk uQ,O¾ujdoh

,xldfõ fï jk úg fndÿ n, fiakd"

isxy, rdjh" rdjKd n,h wd§ jYfhka

fn!oaO uQ,O¾ujd§ jHdmdr .Kkdjla

lr<shg meñK we;' fuu ixúOdk

úiska fjk;a wd.ïj,g tfrysj

úfYaIfhka uqia,sï wd.ug úreoaOj

nrm;, Woaf>daIKhkao f.k hkq ±lSh

yelsh' y,d,a úfrdaë Woaf>daIKh bka

tlla muKS' udOHh úiska t;rï

idlÉPd fkdlrk nq¾ldj fyda m¾odj

hkqfjka y÷kajk f,da.=j ye| isá

bia,dï ldka;djkaj rfÜ ia:dk

.Kkdjl§u ysxikhg Ndckh ùu isÿjQ

nj wka;¾cd,h ;=<ska úia;r iys;j ±l

.kakg yelsh' ud¾;= 28 jk Èk uqia,sï

cd;slfhl=g wh;a Fashion Bug jHdmdrfha mems,shdk weÕ¨ï .nvdjg

ÖjrOdÍka m%uqL msßila úiska myr§u ta

Èkj, udOHhkays m%Odk jYfhka

idlÉPdjg n÷ka jQ lreKla úh'

ck;d ksfhdað;fhl= jQ widoa id,s uy;d

wd.ñl yd cd;Ska w;r iyÔjkhg

ndOdjk m%ldYk isÿlf<a hehs

w;awvx.=jg .kq ,enQjo fndÿ n, fiakd"

isxy, rdjh" rdjKd n,h wd§ ixúOdk

úiska wd.ñl yd cd;Ska w;r iyÔjkhg

nrm;, ndOd we;s lrñka lrkq ,nk

m%ldY ms<sn|j fmd,Sish mshjrla .;a

njg lsisÿ jd¾;djla fkdue;' Fashion Bug wdh;khg myr§ foam< w,dN

ydkshla isÿl< isoaêho iu:

uKav,fhka wjika úh' foam<

w,dNydks lsÍu ydkshg m;a md¾Yjfha

leue;a; u; jqjo iu: l< fkdyels

nj;a ta iïnkaOfhka wmrdO kS;sh

hgf;a mshjr .; hq;= nj;a kS;sfõ§kaf.a

u;hhs'

2013'03'10 jk Èk fndÿ n, fiakdj

úiska .d,a," ms,dk m%foaYfha zfu;a

fijkZ újD; l< W;aijfha§ fndÿ n,

fiakd ixúOdkh újD; l< mQcH lsru

úu,fcda;s yd mQcH .,f.dvw;af;a

{dkidr hk ysñjreka uq,iqfka ;nd

.ksñka wdrCIl f,alï f.daGdNh

rdcmCI uy;d fufia lshd isáfhah'

zzfu;a fijk fyda lsru úu,fcda;s

ysñmdKka jykafia we;=¿

iajdñkajykafia,d .ek lsisfia;a ìh

jkakg wjYH;djla keye' tfyu

ìhla we;s lr .;a fldgila bkakjd

kï ta whg ta ìh ;=rka lr .kakg

lsh,d uu b,a,d isákjd'ZZ

miqj fndÿ n, fiakdj kñka ksl=;a jQ

2013'04'02 Èke;s ksfõokhl fufia

olajd ;snqKs'

zzwm ixúOdkh Y%S ,xld O¾uoaùmfha

isxy,-fn!oaO ckhd fj; nqoaOd,ïNk

m%S;sfhka ±kqï fokafka Y%S ,xld

m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha

ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmCI W;=udKka

yd t;=ukaf.a rch iu. wm

ixúOdkh lghq;= isÿlrkq ,enqfha

tlsfkld w;r wjfndaOhlska njhs'

tu ksid ixúOdkfha .re

iajdñkajykafia,df.a iy

idudðlhskaf.a wdrCIdj iïnkaOfhka

ish¨ j.lSu rch úiska .kakd nj;a

wmf.a lghq;=j,g lsisÿ ndOdjla

fkdlrk f,ig ish¨ wxY ±kqj;a lr

we;s nj;a Bfha Èkfha rch úiska wm

ixúOdk uQ,ia:dkhg ,sÅ;j ±kqï ÿka

nj nqoaOd,ïNk m%S;sfhka ±kqï

fokafkuq'

zzrdcH wdrCIl yd kd.ßl ixj¾Ok

wud;HdxYfha f,alï jk f.daGdNh

rdcmCI ue;s;=uka ckdêm;s uyskao

rdcmCI ue;s;=uka úiska Tyqf.a rch

ksfhdackh lrñka wm ixúOdkh yd

lghq;= lsÍug m;alrkq ,enqfha tls

wjfndaO;d .súiqu wkqjh'ZZ

2013'04'04 Èk Asian Tribune fjí wvúh

úiska jd¾;d lr ;snqfKa fuu ksfõokh

ms<sn| mßCIKhla b,a,d tlS ksfõokh

fmd,Siam;s;=ud fj; bÈßm;a l< njhs'

fuh ,shk fudfyd; olajd ^2013'05'31&

fuu ksfõokfha wka;¾.;h m%;sfCIam

lrñka fndÿ n, fiakd úiska lsisÿ

ksfõokhla ksl=;a lr fkdue;' Tjqkaf.a

fjí wvúfha fyda tjeks m%ldYhla m<

lr fkdue;'

ta w;ru ,xldj ;=< y,d,a fjf<|

,l=K kej;Su ms<sn| tlÕ;djhlg

meñKSu isÿjQfha wdrCIl yd kd.ßl

ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYfha f,alïjrhdf.a

m%Odk;ajfhka mej;s /iaùul§ ùuo

wjOdkhg .; hq;=h' y,d,a iy;slh

ms<sn| lreK wdrCIl fyda kd.ßl

ixj¾Ok úIh hg;g fkd.efkk

úIhls'

fï ish,a, wkqj uE; ld,h ;=< Y%S

,xldfõ fn!oaO uQ,O¾ujd§

jHdmdrhkaf.a meñKSu isÿj we;af;a

rcfha wkq.%yh u; nj is;Sug wmj

fmd<Ujhs' fuh wêrdcHjd§kaf.a

Wjukdj u; tjlg tu rgj, ckhd

;=Ügqjlg udhsï fkdl< bia,dï

uQ,O¾ujd§ ixúOdk yodjvd fmdaIKh

lr .ekSu yd iudk njla olajhs' wo

,xldj ;=< hqoaOfha lS¾;sh ;jÿrg;a f.

khdu wmyiqù we;' nvq ñ, by< hñka

mj;sk w;r Ôjk úhouo ckhdg ±Íh

fkdyels uÜgulg meñK we;' kdia;sh

yd ¥Ikh ms<sn| isÿùïj,ska udOHh msÍ

,xldfõ fï jk úg fndÿ n, fiakd" isxy, rdjh" rdjKd n,h wd§ jYfhka fn!oaO uQ,O¾ujd§ jHdmdr .Kkdjla lr<shg meñK we;' fuu ixúOdk úiska fjk;a wd.ïj,g tfrysj úfYaIfhka uqia,sï wd.ug úreoaOj nrm;, Woaf>daIKhkao f.k hkq ±lSh yelsh' y,d,a úfrdaë Woaf>daIKh bka tlla muKS' udOHh úiska t;rï idlÉPd fkdlrk nq¾ldj fyda m¾odj hkqfjka y÷kajk f,da.=j ye| isá bia,dï ldka;djkaj rfÜ ia:dk .Kkdjl§u ysxikhg Ndckh ùu isÿjQ nj wka;¾cd,h ;=<ska úia;r iys;j ±l .kakg yelsh' ud¾;= 28 jk Èk uqia,sï cd;slfhl=g wh;a Fashion Bug jHdmdrfha mems,shdk weÕ¨ï .nvdjg ÖjrOdÍka m%uqL msßila úiska myr§u ta Èkj, udOHhkays m%Odk jYfhka idlÉPdjg n÷ka jQ lreKla úh'


b;sÍ f.dia we;' fuu ;;a;ajh u;

ckhdf.a wjOdkh fjk;lg .ekSug

lsishï Wmdh ud¾.hla wjYHj we;'

ueofmrÈ. /äl,a yd jdu.dó ckhdf.a

wjOdkh fjk;lg .ekSug

wêrdcHjd§ka úiska uQ,O¾ujdoh

f.dvke.=jd jeks Wmdh ud¾.hlg rch

.uka lrñka isákjd jeksh'

fuu isxy, fn!oaOlu .ek l;d lrk

ixúOdkj, úê l%u bia,dï uQ,O¾udjd§

ixúOdkj, úê l%uhka yd iudk njla

fmkajhs' fjk;a wd.ïj,g tfrysj

ysxidldÍ ls%hdjka fjkqfjka ck;dj

m%fldam lrjk fudjqka ;uka fj;

t,a,jk úfõpkj,g olajkafka ±ä

ìhls' 2006'08'17 Èk tjlg mej;s hqo

úfrdaë cd;sl jHdmdrh úiska ixúOdkh

fldg úydruyd foaú WoHdkfha meje;ajQ

cd;sl idu /<sfha fõÈldjg

n,y;aldrfhka f.dvù tu idu /<sh

lvdlmam,a lsÍug ±ä W;aidyhla .;a

cd;sl ix> iïfï,kfha ksfhdað;hska

hehs lshd .;a msßi w;r wo fndÿ n,

fiakdys kdhl;ajh ork .,f.dvw;af;a

{dkidr ysño fmruqfKau úh' ^miqj tlS

idu /<sh lvdlmam,a lsÍug W;aidy

lsÍug tfrysj mej;s wêlrK

ls%hdj,sfha§ tu lreK iu: uKav,hg

fhduq lrk ,o w;r tys§ cd;sl ix>

iïfï,kfha ysñjreka úiska ;uka

kej;;a tjeks wlghq;=lï fkdlrk

njg fmdfrdkaÿ ù isÿjQ jrog iudj

.ksñka iu:hlg meñKsfhah'& tfy;a

fndÿ n, fiakd ixúOdkh bÈßmsg uE;§

meje;ajQ úfrdaO;d foll§ tu

úfrdaO;dj,g iyNd.sjQ whg fndÿ n,

fiakd m%OdkSkaf.a ysxikhkag uqyqK

§ug isÿúh' 2013'05'22 Èk iji

l,HdKOïu ysñ we;=¿ msßilg;a

2013'04'12 Èk f*aianqla wvúh yryd

úfrdaOhla ixúOdkh l< msßilg;a

fufia fndÿ n, fiakd idudðlhskaf.a

ysxikhkag uqyqK §ug isÿúh' ´kEu

;eklg meñK ´kEu fohla

iïnkaOfhka úfrdaOh mEug;a ta .ek

m%Yak lsÍug;a ;ukag mru whs;shla

we;ehs is;d lghq;= lrk fuu zisxy,-

fn!oaOZ ujdmdkakka m%cd;ka;%jd§

úfrdaOhkag yd úfõpkhkag fu;rï

ìhla olajkafka wehs@ ;,sndka jeks

bia,dï uQ,O¾ujd§ka yd fudjqka w;r

we;s fjki l=ulao@

fuu fndÿ n, fiakd" isxy, rdjh"

rdjKd n,h wd§ ixúOdk l:d lrkqfha

isxy, fn!oaOlu .ekh' tfy;a tajdfha

kdhlhska w;r isxy, w¿;a wjqreoao Èk

u;ameka mdkh fldg ßh wk;=re

isÿfldg m,df.dia o~qjï ,enQ wh isàu

Tjqkaf.a isxy, fn!oaOlfï ienE

iajrEmh fmkajhs' 2006 wf.daia;= 17 jk

Èk fkda¾fõ wdOdr .ksñka ixúOdkh

l< cd;sl idu /<sh lvdlmam,a lsÍug

W;aidy .;a fuu kdhlhska 2011

Tlaf;dan¾ ui fkda¾fõ wdOdr ,nd

.ksñka fkda¾fõ yd iaúvka rgj,

ixpdrh lrñka fou< vhiafmdardjo

uqK.eiS we;'

fuu isxy,-fn!oaO uQ,O¾ujd§ iEu

wfhlau mdfya miq.sh ld,h ;=< isy,

Wreuh yd miqj cd;sl fy< Wreuh

f,i ixúOdkh ù isá nj wmg u;lh'

wo fy< Wreuh nrm;, f,i ck;dj

w;r fy<sorõ ù we;s w;r ta ksidu ta

yd iïnkaOj isá msßia leã hdug;a

fkdtfia kï fjk;a fndaâ ,E,s hgf;a

lghq;= lrñka h<s;a fy< Wreuhg hï

mKla §ug;a mgkaf.k we;' fufia

ck;djg tmdù kkak;a;dr ù hk tk

uÕla fidhñka isá fy< Wreufhka

msg;g meñKs msßi ´kEu wfhl=f.a

Wjukdjka fjkqfjka Ndú;d l< yels

;;a;ajhlg meñK we;' fkda¾fõ

;dkdm;s ld¾hd,fha Woõfjka fou<

vhiafmdardj mjd uqK.eiSug hdfuka ta

nj ukdj meyeÈ<sfõ' kkak;a;dr ù

we;s fuu fldgia rcfhau n,.;=

fldgila úiska ;u Wjukdjka

fjkqfjka Ndú;d fkdlrkafka hehs ldg

kï lsj yelso@

b;sydifha tlu isÿùu fojrla jk nj

fya.,a úiska lshd isá w;r udlaia thg

tl;= lsÍula lrñka ta m<uq wjia:dj

fÄodka;hla jk w;r fojk wjia:dj

ydiHhla jk nj lshd isáfhah'

wêrdcHjdoh úiska uqia,sï uQ,O¾ujdoh

f.dvke.Su fÄodka;hlska fl<jr úh'

th wkq.ukh lrñka ,xldj ;=< fn!oaO

uQ,O¾ujdohla f.dvke.Sug hfula

W;aidy lrkafka kï ksh; jYfhkau

fl<jr jkq we;af;a ydiHhlsks'

1716

, m%Nd;a ,xldf,daliudc-foaYmd,k ls%hdOr

uE; ld,h ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ fn!oaO uQ,O¾ujd§ jHdmdrhka f.a meñKSu isÿj we;af;a rcfha wkq.%yh

u; nj is;Sug wmj fmd<Ujhs' fuh wêrdcH- jd§kaf.a Wjukdj u; tjlg tu rgj, ckhd

;=Ügqjlg udhsï fkdl< bia,dï uQ,O¾ujd§ ixúOdk yodjvd fmdaIKh lr .ekSu yd iudk njla olajhs'

wo ,xldj ;=< hqoaOfha lS¾;sh ;jÿrg;a f.khdu wmyiqù we;' nvq ñ, by< hñka mj;sk w;r Ôjk

úhouo ckhdg ±Íh fkdyels uÜgulg meñK we;' kdia;sh yd ¥Ikh ms<sn| isÿùïj,ska udOHh msÍ b;sÍ f.dia we;' fuu ;;a;ajh u; ckhd f.a

wjOdkh fjk;lg .ekSug lsishï Wmdh ud¾.hla wjYHj we;' ueofmrÈ. /äl,a yd jdu.dó ckhdf.

a wjOdkh fjk;lg .ekSug wêrdcHjd§ka úiska uQ,O¾ujdoh f.dvke.=jd jeks Wmdh ud¾.hlg rch

.uka lrñka isákjd jeksh'


18

ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§kaj fmdÿfõ

y÷kd.; yels ,lAIK lsmhls' Tjqka

±äj ms<s.kakd uQ,sl lreKq folla fuys§

jeo.;a fõ' tkï nhsn,h jrÈka f;dr

nj (Biblical Inerrancy) yd nhsn,h

jdpHd¾:fhka (Literal Interpretation of the Bible) hq;=j ms<s.ekSuhs' ;jo iaj;ka;%

foajO¾uh (Liberal Theology), mßkdujdoh - vdúkajdoh (Theory of Evolution - Darwinism), c¾udkq

foajO¾udpd¾hjrekaf.a Wiia nhsn,Sh

úpdrh (German Higher Criticism), nhsn,Sh kjHjdoh (Biblical Modernism), yd kq;k nhsn,Sh wOHkfha § fhdod

.kakd ft;sydisl ú.%yh (Historical Criticism), hk kj m%jK;d uQ,O¾ujd§ka

úiska ±ä f,i m%;slafIam lrkq ,nhs'

uQ,O¾ujd§kaf.a m%Odk O¾ukshdul

1878 jif¾ kh.rd yS mej;s nhsn,a

iïfï,kfha § iïu; jQ weoys,s

m%ldYkfha lreKq 14ls' ;jo 1910 § mej;s

fm%iaìáßhka uy iïfï,kfha m%ldYs;

lreKq 5ls' ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ka f.a

m%Odk;u O¾ukshdul myla ñka y÷kd.;

yelsh' 1& nhsn,fha wN%uYS,S;dj fyj;a

jrÈka f;dr nj (Biblical Inerrancy), 2& fÊiqia jykafia f.a lkHd Wm; (The virgin birth of Jesus), 3& mdm mQcdfõ

(Vicarious) wdfoaYkSh Ndjh (Substitutionary atonement), fÊiqia

jykafia YdßÍlj u<jqkaf.ka ke.sg

jod< nj (The bodily resurrection of Jesus), 5& fÊiqia jykafia fojk jrg

f,dalhg jevu lrk nj (The second coming of Jesus)'

ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ wd.ï ìysjkafka

wefußldfõh' wefußldkq foaYmd,kh

iuÕ j¾Okh jQ ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾uh hq.

;=klg fnod úia;r l< yelsh'

m<uq hq.h - 1840 isg 1940 olajd

1840 § muK wdrïN jQ fijka;a fâ

weâfjkaáiaÜ iNdj ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ufha

uQ,drïNh f,i ±laúh yelsh' fuys

ks¾ud;D ú,shï ñ,¾ kue;a;d nhsn,h

ms<sn| ,shejqK lsisÿ újrK wOHhkhlska

f;drj ;ukaf.au jQ fm!oa.,sl fufkys

lsßu u; mokïj úúO ks.ukj,g

t<eôfhah' 1843 § f,daldjidkh jk nj

Tyq mejiQjo th isÿ fkdjQ ;ek ;ukag

jerÿk nj ms<s.;af;ah' tfy;a fuu

iNdfõu wkq.dñlhka jQ ysrdï tâika

iy t,ka jhsÜ m%ldY lf<a ls%ia;=ka

jykafia ;uka fuf,dj werUQ .e,ùfï

ld¾H ksud lrñka 1844 jif¾§ iaj¾.hg

we;=,a jQ njhs' fuu uQ,O¾ujd§ m%.ukh

fijka;a fâ weâfjkaáiaÜ iNdj f,i

kï lrkq ,enqfõ 1860 §h' Bg wdikaku

fya;=j jQfha lsia;=ka jykafiaf.a fojk

meñKsug uQ,sl;ajh §u;a i;sfha i;a jk

Èk tkï bßod fkdj fikiqrdod Èk

in;a Èkh f,i ms<sf.k th Y=oaOjQ

Èkhla f,i ;yjqre lsßug;ah'

fhfydaj# iNdj fyj;a uqrgeU ixúOdkh

;j;a ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujdoS m%.ukhls'

fuu iNdfõ ks¾u;Djrhd jkafka

wefußldkqfjla jk pd,aia à ri,a h'

Tyqo nhsn,h fm!oA.,slj fufkys lrñka

m%ldY lf<a ;uka ls%ia;=ka jykafiaf.a

fojk meñKsfï iqNdrxÑh f,dalhg

y÷kajdÿka m<uq Èjeisjrhd jk njhs'

1878 § Tyq foaj.e;s hk ;k;=r ;ukaj

ye|skaùug Ndú; lf<ah' isfhdaka uqrgeU

hk iÕrdj 1879 § wdrïN l< Tyq fyan%õ

iy .s%l hk NdIdjkaf.a úYdrofhla f,i

fmkS isáfhah' tfy;a Tyqg .S%l wldrdÈh

ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujdofha

foaYmd,kh

uQ,O¾ujdoh fyj;a Fundamentalism kï jQ jpkh iE§ we;af;a Fundamentum hk ,;ska jpkfhkah' tys were; jkafka uQ,sl fyj;a moku hkakhs' uQ,O¾ujdoh" wd.u yd .,mk úg bka biau;= jkafka wd.ñl wka;jdohls' ysxÿ" cqod" fn!oaO" ls%ia;shdks" fukau bia,dï hk wd.ïj, wvq jeä jYfhka fuu wka;jdÈ m%jK;d w;S;fha isg j¾udkh olajd y÷kd.; yelsh' fuu ,smsfha wruqK jkafka ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujdoh yd ne|S mj;sk foaYmd,kh ms<sn| úpdrd;aulj úuiSuh'


19

ksjerÈj lshúh fkdyels nj fy<s jQfha

Widúhl§h' ;jo ksrh fyj;a iodld,sl

o~qju fukau ls%ia;=ka jykafiaf.a

foaj;ajho Tyq m%;slafIam lf<ah' ri,ag

wkqj ls%ia;=ka jykafia hkq ñldfh,a kï

jQ m%Odk foaj ¥;hdh'

wirK frda.Skaj ìhg m;a l< fuu foaj

.e;sjrhd jxpdfjka uqo,a bmehSug lghq;=

lsßu fya;= fldg f.k Tyqg úreoaOj kvq

mjrd ;sfí' ri,a úiska l< tla uqo,a

jxpdjla jkafka wiajekak nyq,j ,efnk

m%d;sNd¾hd;aul ;sreÕ= weg úlsKSuhs'

Nla;sfhka wkaO jQ ne;su;=kaj Tyq rjgd

we;af;a fvd,rhla muK jákd ;sreÕ=

nqi,la m%d;syd¾hd;aul ;sßÕ= f,i fvd,¾

60lg úlsKSu ksidh' kvqfjka jerÈ

lrefjla jQ Tyqg tu uqo, kej; f.ùug

isÿúh'

1916 oS ri,a ñh .sh úg isfhdka yS uqrgeU

kï jQ iÕrdfõ l;=jrhd jQ ro*â

keue;a;d uqrgeU iudch kï jQ ku

fjkia fldg fhfydaj# jykafiaf.a

idlaISldrfhda hk ku fhdod .;af;ah'

ro*â g wkqj lf;da,sl iNdj we;=,;aj

ish¨ m%Odk ls;=kq iNd id;kaf.a l=<S

lrefjdah'

ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujdofha B<Õ m%jK;dj

jkafka fmka;fldia; iNdj h' tfiïí,s

T*a f.daâ iNdj" iau¾K iNdj" l,ajdß

iNdj" fn;af,fyï iNdj" f.;afiuks

iNdj" Ôjk .x.d iNdj" iy kj Ôjk

iNdj jYfhka fmka;fldia; iNd oyia

.Kkla j¾;udkfha f,dalh mqrd

ls%hd;aul fõ' 1901 § ma?ï kue;s foaj

.e;sjrhd fmka;fldia; iNdj wdrïN

lrñka m%ldY lf<a ;ukaf.a tlu

ud¾f.damfoaYlhd jkafka nhsn,h njhs'

fojk hq.h - 1940 isg 1970 olajd

fuu hq.h ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ka w;r

fn§ula we;sjQ hq.hls' uq,O¾ujd§ woyia

±rE msßila ld,h;a iuÕ fjkia jkakg

jQfha nhsn,h úêu;aj wOHhkh lrk

úoaj;=kaf.a u;jdo flfrys Okd;aulj

is;kakg jQ fyhsks' tys m%;sM,hla f,i

;uka nqoaêúfrdaëka yd mj;sk iudc"

wd¾Ól" yd foaYmd,ksl m%Yak ms<sn|

yeÕSula fkdue;s ñksiqka f,i lghq;=

lsßug Tjqka wlue;s úh' ;jo uQ,O¾ujd§

woyia ms<s.;a .;dkq.;sl ls%ia;shdks

W.;=ka ixrlaIKjd§ka f,i fmkS isáñka

uQ,O¾ujd§ka f,i ;ukaj ye|skaùug

wlue;s úh' tys m%;sM,hla f,i

ixrlaIKjdÈfhla jQ yer,aâ fcdaka

Tlska.d úiska kj O¾uodkSh m%.ukh

(Neo-Evangelical Movement) wdrïN

lf<ah' 1950 jljdkqfõ wefußldkq

O¾uodkSh m%.ukfha m%Odksfhla jQ ì,s

f.%yEï (Billy Graham) f.a kj O¾uodkSh

m%.ukh o wdrïN jkafka fuu miqìu

u;h'

c.;a ls%ia;shdks iNdjka

mj;sk iudc" wd¾Ól" yd foaYmd,ksl

m%Yak mokï lr.ksñka ls%ia;shdks j.lSu

(Christian Responsibility) ms<sn| ksjeros

nhsn,Sh ±lau biau;= l< c.;a ls%ia;shdks

iNdjka (World Council of Churches) 1940 oYlfha § wdrïN úh' tfy;a Bg

úfrdaë m%.ukhla f,i uQ,O¾ujd§ka

úiska rgj,a 15la iy ksldhhka 45l

ksfhdað;hka tla /iaj cd;Hka;r

ls%ia;shdks iNdjkaf.a uKav,h (The International Council of Christian Churches) 1948 § wdrïN lf<ah' lf;da,sl

fkdjk m%Odk ls;=kq iNdjkaf.a

tluq;=jlska iEÿkq c.;a ls%ia;shdks

iNdjka kï jQ m%.ukh mj;sk widOdrK

iudc jHqyhka ksjerÈj y÷kd.ksñka

ls%ia;shdks j.lSu biau;= lf<a nyq;r

ck;djf.a È<s÷ lug uQ,sl fya;=j jk

wêrdcHjdoh iy Okjd§ wd¾Ól l%uh

;j ÿrg;a Yla;su;a lrk kj

hg;aúð;jdofha mdmsIaG nj nhsn,Shj

úuiSfukah' wfußldkq ls%ia;shdks

uQ,O¾ujd§ka úiska c.;a ls%ia;shdks

iNdjka f.a fuu udkqIsl m%.ukhg ±ä

f,i úreoaO jQfha 1948;a fmrh' tkï

1941 jif¾§ ls%ia;shdks iNdjkaf.a

wfußldkq uKav,h (The American Council of Christian Churches) msysgqùfukah' ;jo 1942 § O¾uOdkSh-

hkaf.a cd;sl ixúOdkh (The National Association of Evangelicals) wdrïN

ùfuka W;=re wfursldkq uQ,O¾u-

jd§kaf.a fn§ula isÿ jqjo fuu ixúOdk

folu c.;a ls%ia;shdks iNdjka f.a

nhsn,Sh úuqla;s .;sl ±laug úreoaO úh'

;jo 1951 oS msysgjkq ,enQ f,dal O¾uOdkSh

iydNd.sl;ajh (The World Evangelical Fellowship) o c.;a ls%ia;shdks iNdjka

úiska biau;= l< úuqla;s foajO¾uh yd

fm%df;ia;ka; ksoyia u;OdÍ foajO¾uh

uev,Sug lghq;= lf<a c.;a ls%ia;shdks

iNdjka f.a idudðlhka ;uka fj; Èkd

.ekSug fjr orñkah'

ysÜ,¾j mrdch l< foajOd¾ñl Ñka;kh

ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ka w;r jQ fuu

fn§u fya;= fldg f.k ld,a nd¾;a jeks

c¾uka fm%f;ia;ka; foajO¾udpd¾h-

jrekaf.a Ñka;kh wfußldfõ m%p,s;

úh' ld,a nd¾;a ksoyia u;OdÍ foajO¾uh

(Liberal theology) m%;slafIam l<o Tyq

kQ;k foajO¾ufha mqfrda.dñfhls'

ysÜ,¾f.a taldêm;s yd wd{dodhl

md,khg úfrdaOh mEu i|yd cd;sl

iudcjdohg (National Socialism) tfrysj

iNdfõ wkq.%yh iy iyh ,;a m%.ukhla

c¾uksh ;=< nd¾;a wdrïN lf<ah' fuys§

nd¾uka m%ldYh b;d jeo.;a fõ' fuu

m%ldYfha m%Odk l;=jrhd jQfha ld,a

nd¾;ah' ysÜ,¾f.a cd;sl iudcjd§

u;jdohg iy tys Ndú;hg ls%ia;shdks

úfrdaOh ks¾jpkh lrk j.ka;s yhla

nd¾uka m%ldYfha wvx.=fõ' iïuq;s

jdofhka f;drjQ nd;af.a ia:djrh" kdis

n,h u;jd§j fukau Ndú;fhkao mrdch

lsÍug nd¾uka m%ldYkfhka ls;=kq

ck;djg Yla;sh ,nd ÿkafka h'

1934 uehs 29-31 olajd Barmen ysoS /iajQ

c¾uka O¾uodkSh iNdfõ úYajdifha

iskvh (The Confessional Synod of the German Evangelical Church) foajOd¾ñl

j.ka;s yhla weoys,a, fyj;a úYajdi

,laIKhl iajrEmfhka (Confession of Faith - Creed) ysÜ,¾f.a cd;sl iudcjd§

u;jdoh yd Ndú;h iDcqju m%;slafIam

lf<ah' nd¾uka úYajdi ,laIKhg

foajOd¾ñl moku ,nd ÿkafka ld¾,a

nd¾;ah' cd;sl iudcjd§ u;jdoh yd

Ndú;h iuÕ ls%ia;shdksh iïnkaO lsÍu

ÿ¾u;hla iy nrm;, mdmhla f,i

nd¾uka m%ldYh y÷kajd ÿkafka O¾uodkSh

i;H;d yhla úYajdifha j.ka;s f,i

(Creeds) f.k yer olajñkah'

c¾uka O¾uodkSh iNdfõ nd¾uka úYajdi ,laIKh

1' zzud¾.ho i;Hho Ôjkho uu fjñ;

ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujdofha B<Õ m%jK;dj jkafka fmka;fldia; iNdj h' tfiïí,s T*a f.daâ iNdj" iau¾K iNdj" l,ajdß iNdj" fn;af,fyï iNdj" f.;afiuks iNdj" Ôjk .x.d iNdj" iy kj Ôjk iNdj jYfhka fmka;fldia; iNd oyia .Kkla j¾;udkfha f,dalh mqrd ls%hd;aul fõ' 1901 § ma?ï kue;s foaj.e;sjrhd fmka;fldia; iNdj wdrïN lrñka m%ldY lf<a ;ukaf.a tlu ud¾f.damfoaYlhd jkafka nhsn,h njhs'


20ud u.ska ñi lsisfjla mshdKka fj;

fkdmeñfKkafkah'ZZ ''' (fcdydka 14(6)'

zztaldka;fhkau uu Tng lshñ"

fodrgqfjka neg¨ .d,g we;=¿ fkdù wka

;eklska ke`.S mek tkakd fydfrlao

fld,a, lkafklao fõ'ZZ ^fcdydka 10(1&'

zzfodrgqj uuh; ud ;=<ska hfula we;=¿

jkafkao Tyq .,jkq ,en we;=<g yd

msg;g f.dia wdydr ,nkafkah' ^fcdydka

10(9&'

- Y=oaOjQ ,shú,af,ka fmkajd fok mßÈ

fÊiqia ls%ia;=ka" foúhkajykafiaf.a tlu

jpkh jkafkah' Ôú;h yd urKh ;=<

tu i;Hh wm weish hq;=h" úYajdi l<

hq;=h" lSlre úh hq;=h'

- jHdc O¾uh wms m%;slafIam lruq' ukao

foúhkaf.a jpkhg úreoaOj foaj

wkdjrKhka f,iska tk fjk;a n,

jHqyhka" n, wêldÍ mqoa.,hka yd

Tjqkaf.a jHdc i;Hhka ;sfnk ksidh'

2' zzfÊiqia ls%ia;=ka hkq foúhka jykafia

úiska wmg ,nd ÿka wfma m%{djhs" wfma

hqla;sjka;nj fyj;a O¾ñIaG njhs" wfma

Y=oaOjka; njhs" wfma .e,ùu yd wfma

úuqla;shhs ^1 fldßka;s 1(30&'

fÊiqia ls%ia;=ia jykafia" wmf.a ishü

mõj,g iudj fok njg jk

fmdfrdkaÿjhs" fÊiq;=uka u.ska wmg .

e,ùu ,efnkafkah' fuf,dj mj;sk

wfoaj;ajfha hoïj,ska t;=uka wmj uqod

.;af;ah' wms jHdc O¾uh m%;slafIam lruq'

ukao tuÕska fÊiqia ls%ia;=ka fkdj fjk;a

iajdñjrekag jkaokd lsÍug wmg n,

lrk fyhsks'

3' zzwm fm%aufhka i;H l:d lrñka

ls%ia;=ka jykafia ;=< yeu whqßkau

j¾Okh jkafkuq' YÍrfha ysi jk

fÊiq;=uka ;=< uq¿ YÍrhu taldnoaOj

fm%aufhka jeã isáuqZZ ^tmSi 4(15"16&.

ls%ia;shdks iNdj hkq ls%ia;= ;=uka ;=<

ifydaor;ajfhka ne¢, fÊiqia ls%ia;=ka

jykafia iajdñhd f,i ms<s.;a,

Y=oaOd;auhdKka u.ska ls%hd;aul jkakls'

iNdj mõlrejkag iudj fokafkah' ukao

mõldr f,dalh ;=< iNdjg idlaIs orkakg

isÿj we;s ksidh'

wm jHdc O¾uh m%;slaafIam lruq' ukao

mj;sk u;jdÈ yd foaYmd,k t,an .ekSï

iNdfõ foajOd¾ñl m%;s{djka fjkia

lsÍug wmg n, lrk ksidh'

4' zzúcd;Skaf.a wdKavqldrhka Tjqka

flf¾ wdêm;Hh mj;ajk nj;a"

Tjqkaf.a m%OdkSka Tjqka flf¾ n,h

mj;ajk nj;a Tn okakyqh' tfy;a Tn

w;f¾ tfia fkdúh hq;=hs' Tn w;f¾

hfula kdhlhd jkakg ;eue;af;a kï"

Tyq Tfí fiajlhd jkafka hZZ ûf;õ 20(

25" 26&' iNdfõ úúO ks,;, mj;skafka

wdêm;Hh Wfoid fkdj ;ukag mejreK

fiajh Wfoidh' wms jHdc O¾uh m%;slafIam

lruq' ukao fiajfhka f;drjQ ks,hla iy

md,k n,h i|ydjQ úfYaI kdhlhka tu

jHdc O¾ufhka ia:dms; jk ksidh'

5' zzfoúhka jykafiag f.!rjdor Nh

msßkukak; rcqg f.!rj olajkakZZ ^1

fmaÿre 2(17&.

Y=oaO ,shú,a, wmg mjikafka iNdj ;ju

.e,ùu fkd,;a f,dalhla ;=< mj;sk

fyhska rch idOdrK;ajh yd iduh

Wfoid foúhka úiska ia:dms; l< njhs'

tfy;a foúhka jykafia úiska rchg

fuu j.lSu Ndr ÿkafka foaj rdcHfha

jákdlï ia:dms; lsÍugh' th md,l-

hkaf.a fukau md,s;hkaf.ao j.lSufõ'

wms jHdc O¾uh m%;slafIam lrkafkuq'

ukao rch ñksia Ôú;h md,kh lsÍfï

tlu wd{dodhlhd njg bka m;ajk

ksidh' wms jHdc O¾uh m%;slafIam

lrkafkuq' ukao iNdj ;ukag mejrek

úfYaIs; le|ùu w;yer th

wd{dodhl;ajfha rdcHfhau wkqrejla

njg bka m;ajk ksidh'

6' zzuuo l,amdka;h olajd ioygu Tn

yd iuÕ isáñZZ ûf;õ 28(20&. zztfy;a

foaj jdlHh" ne| ;eìh fkdyelshZZ ^2

;sfuda;s 2(9&' iNdfõ wêldßh jkqfha

ls%ia;=ka jykafia ;=< ish¨ ñksiqkag

foúhkajykafia f.a wñ, jrm%idofha

iqmqj; foaYkd lsÍuh'

wms jHdc O¾uh m%;slafIam lruq' ukao

iNdj ñksia wyxldrhg hg ù jpkf;u

(Word) yd iajdókajykafiaf.a ld¾hh

fukau fiajdj w;a;fkdau;sl f,i f;dard

.;a is;eÕshdjka" wruqKq iy ie,iqïj,g

hg;a lsÍug bka lghq;= l< yels ksidh'

c¾udkq O¾uodkSh iNdfõ úYajdifha

iskvh m%ldY lrkafka fuu i;Hhka

wjfndaOfhka ms<s.ekSu;a jHdc O¾uhka

m%;slafIam lsÍu;a ls;=kqjdf.a w;HjYH

j.lSula jk njhs' weoys,af,a iNdjkaf.a

iuQyhla f,i c¾uka O¾uodkSh iNdj

nd¾uka m%ldYkhg w;HjYH foajOd¾ñl

moku ouhs' bka wmg wdrdOkd lrkafka

iNd foaYmd,kfha§ wm .kakd ;SrKj,§

fuu weoys,s m%ldYkfha foajOd¾ñl

m%;s{djkag wjfndaOfhka hq;=j uq,a;ek

Èh hq;= njhs' th wdhdpkd lrkafka

úYajdih" fm%auh yd n,dfmdfrd;a;=fõ

tald;añl njg kej; .uka lsÍu Wfoid

uQ,sl;ajh fok f,ih' fï wkqj ld,a

nd¾;a f.a O¾uodkSh iNdfõ úuqla;s .;sl

wka O¾uÈkSh iNdjkaf.ka fjka fldg

wm y÷kd.; hq;=h'

f;jk hq.h - 1970 isg 2000

ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujdofha f;jk hq.h

wefußldkq foaYmd,kh iuÕ >Dcqju

iïnkaO jkafka 1980 jljdkqfõ ckdêm;s

jQ frdk,aâ f¾.ka f.a meñKsfukah'

fuys§ uQ,O¾ujd§ka foaYmd,k lr,shg

meñfKkafka wefußlka cd;sfha iqmsßnj

kej; f.dvke.Sug;a wd¾Ólj" iudchShj"

yd iodpdrd;aulj" msßySug m;aj ;sfnk

rg ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ Ñka;kfhka

mqnqÿjd,Sug;ah' fuys§ ls%ia;shdks

uQ,O¾ujd§ka ;u i;=rka f,i

y÷kd.;af;a f,!lSl udkùhjdoh

(Secular Humanism) iy ,;ska wefußldkq

rgj, m%p,s; jQ úuqla;s foajO¾uhhs'

Tjqkg fuu m%jK;d folu foaj úfrdaë

úh' tfy;a h:d¾:jd§j n,k úg fuu

m%jK;djkaf.a uQ,drïNhg fya;= jkafka

mj;sk iudc" wd¾Ól" yd foaYmd,ksl m%Yak mokï lr.ksñka ls%ia;shdks j.lSu (Christian Responsibility) ms<sn| ksjeros

nhsn,Sh ±lau biau;= l< c.;a ls%ia;shdks iNdjka (World Council of Churches) 1940 oYlfha § wdrïN úh' tfy;a Bg úfrdaë

m%.ukhla f,i uQ,O¾ujd§ka úiska rgj,a 15la iy ksldhhka 45l ksfhdað;hka tla /iaj cd;Hka;r ls%ia;shdks iNdjkaf.a uKav,h

(The International Council of Christian Churches) 1948 § wdrïN lf<ah' lf;da,sl fkdjk m%Odk ls;=kq iNdjkaf.a tluq;=jlska

iEÿkq c.;a ls%ia;shdks iNdjka kï jQ m%.ukh mj;sk widOdrK iudc jHqyhka ksjerÈj y÷kd.ksñka ls%ia;shdks j.lSu biau;=

lf<a nyq;r ck;djf.a È<s÷ lug uQ,sl fya;=j jk wêrdcHjdoh iy Okjd§ wd¾Ól l%uh ;j ÿrg;a Yla;su;a lrk kj

hg;aúð;jdofha mdmsIaG nj nhsn,Shj úuiSfukah'


21

o wefußlka OfkaYajr iudc wd¾Ól

foaYmd,khhs' t,a ie,ajfodarh yd

kslr.=jdj jeks rgj, ñ,sgß md,khg

f¾.ka rch wú wdhqO iemhqfõh' tu

rgj, ñ,sgß md,khg tfrys jQ igkaldñ

m%.ukhkag úuqla;s foajO¾uh Ñka;kuh

jYfhka fmdaIKh ,nd fok fyhska th

uev,Sug ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ iNdjkag

uqo,a wdfhdackh lf<ah' tys m%;sM,hla

f,i ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ iNdjka ,;ska

wefußldkq fukau wdishd;sl rgj,a mQrd

j¾Okh úh' ñ,sgß md,kfha idyisl

ls%hdjkag iduldñj yd wúysxidjd§j

úfrdaOh ±lajQ lf;da,sl yd ls;=kq ck;dj"

mQcljre" meúÈ fidfydhqßhka oyia

.Kkska urd ±ïfïh' t,a ie,ajfodarfha

Tiald frdafïfrda w.ro.=re;=udo Bg

we;=<;a úh' 1977 isg 1981 olajd

wefußldfõ ckdêm;s OQrh fynjQ ðó

ldg¾ f.a iduldó úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh

bj;,d wdl%uKYS,s u¾Ok ls%hdjka /ila

f¾.ka md,kh hgf;a isÿjQ w;r tys

wys;lr m%;sM, fya;= fldg f.k uqia,sï

uQ,O¾ujd§ka jvd;a n,j;a ùh'

jir 2000 jljdkqfõ§ ls%ia;shdks

uQ,O¾ujdoh wefußlka foaYmd,kfha

uQ,sl;ajh f.k lghq;= lrkafka fÊ¾Ê

nqIa md,kh úiska brdlh wdl%uKh fldg

wysxil isú,a jeishka oY ,laIhlg wêl

m%udKhla kùk;u wú wdhqOj,ska urd

±ófukah' fÊ¾Ê nqIag wkqj th

i¾jn,OdÍ foúhka jykafiaf.a leue;a;

úh' ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujdoS yd kj

O¾uOdkSh iNdjkaf.a Ñka;kfhka

fmdaIKh ,en fuu >d;kh Tyq

hqla;shqla; nj mejiQfõ tf,ih'

ks.ukh

lf;da,sl uQ,O¾ujdoho fuys§ u;la l<

hq;=h' wO¾u O¾udêlrK (Inquisition) u.ska isÿ l< lf;da,sl uQ,O¾ujdoh

fy<d ±lSug;a lf;da,sl iNdfõ

kfjdaohla w;s lsßug;a fojk j;sldk

c.;a uka;%K iNdjg yels úh' j;ams<sfj;a

.e;shdj yd kS;s .e;shdfjka kej;

uQ,O¾ujd§ hq.hlg j;auka lf;da,sl

iNdj .uka lrkafka kï" Y=oaOjQ ,shú,af,a

udkùh fm%auh biau;= lrk WkauQ,

Ñka;kfhka kHdhd;aulj;a m%dfhda.s

lj;a Bg wm ms<s;=re Èh hq;=h' udkj

fm%auhg ks.re lrk wd.ñl wka;jdoh

wm mrdch l< hq;af;a iEu wd.ñl

O¾uhlu ;sfnk úuqla;sodhl yrh

fufkys lsÍfuka yd ta fjkqfjka lrk

ðú; lemlsÍfukah'

;jo wefußlka wdOdr ,nk uQ,O¾ujdoS

yd kj O¾uOdkSh iNdjka úiska ie<iqï

iy.; f,i lrkakdjQ wkHd.ñl

ixj¾;kh fyj;a wd.ug yrjd .ekSï

fya;= fldg f.k fn!oaO uQ,O¾ujd§ m%.

ukhka wm rg ;=< ìys úu j<lajd .;

hq;af;a flfiao@ fojk j;sldk uka;%K

iNdfjka Bg uÕ fmkajd ;sfnkafka

Y=oaOjQ ,shú,af,a wkqidrfhka wkH wd.ï

iuÕ iyðjkfhka lghq;= lsßug wjYH

kj O¾uodk m%;sm;a;shla myod foñkah'

tys§ wd.ï yd wka ls;=kq iNdjka w;r

jk ixjdohg uQ,sl ;ekla Èh hq;=h'

tfukau wd.ï mokï lr f.k ls%hd;aul

jk uQ,O¾ujd§ m%.ukhkaf.a foaYmd,kh

mrdch lsßu i|yd iEu wd.ulu ;sfnk

úuqla;sodhl yrh biau;= lsßug mq¿,a

jevms<sf<la werôh hq;=h'

wdfY%ah .%ka:

ksla,ia cQâ" msmdihg Èh" 1990'

Avarill, L. J., Religious Right, Religious Wrong, 1989.

Cole, S.G., History of Fundamentalism, 1931.

Hettiarachchi, S., Faithing the Native Soil: Dilemmas and Aspirations of Post-colonial Buddhists & Christians in Sri Lanka, 2012.

Articles

Wallis, J., “Dangerous Religion: George W. Bush’s Theology of Empire.” Mississippi Review 32, no. 3 (2004) 60-72.

Weermantry, C. G., “Illegality and Immorality of Military Intervention in Iraq” In Dialogue, New Series Vol. XXIX, ed. Aloysius Pieris, The Ecumenical Institute for Study and Dialogue, Colombo, 2002, 11-30).

Willmor, Haddon. “Karl Barth” In The Blackwell Companion to Political Theology, eds. Peter Scott, William T. Cavanaugh. Oxford: Blackwell, 2004, 123-135.

ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujdofha f;jk hq.h wefußldkq foaYmd,kh iuÕ >Dcqju iïnkaO jkafka 1980 jljdkqfõ ckdêm;s jQ frdk,aâ f¾.ka f.a meñKsfukah' fuys§ uQ,O¾ujd§ka foaYmd,k lr,shg meñfKkafka wefußlka cd;sfha iqmsßnj kej; f.dvke.Sug;a wd¾Ólj" iudchShj" yd iodpdrd;aulj" msßySug m;aj ;sfnk rg ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ Ñka;kfhka mqnqÿjd,Sug;ah' fuys§ ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ka ;u i;=rka f,i y÷kd.;af;a f,!lSl udkùhjdoh (Secular Humanism) iy ,;ska wefußldkq rgj, m%p,s; jQ úuqla;s foajO¾uhhs' Tjqkg fuu m%jK;d folu foaj úfrdaë úh' tfy;a h:d¾:jd§j n,k úg fuu m%jK;djkaf.a uQ,drïNhg fya;= jkafka o wefußlka OfkaYajr iudc wd¾Ól foaYmd,khhs' t,a ie,ajfodarh yd kslr.=jdj jeks rgj, ñ,sgß md,khg f¾.ka rch wú wdhqO iemhqfõh' tu rgj, ñ,sgß md,khg tfrys jQ igkaldñ m%.ukhkag úuqla;s foajO¾uh Ñka;kuh jYfhka fmdaIKh ,nd fok fyhska th uev,Sug ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ iNdjkag uqo,a wdfhdackh lf<ah'

, fPHIaG lÓldpd¾h úð;a frdydka

le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h


22

wo jk úg furfÜ wd.ñl

wka;jdoh;a" uQ,O¾ujdoh;a

iïnkaOj úYd, f,i l;d ny

fjñka mj;S'tla w;lska ngysßka

furgg meñKs uQ,O¾ujd§ l%sia;shdks

fldgia iïnkaOj;a" rg ;=,u ìys ù

;sfnk fn!oaO yd uqia,sï wka;jd§

lKavdhï iïnkaOj;a miq.sh jirlg

jeä ld,h mqrd ±ä f,i l;d ny jQ

w;ru tA ksidu úúO jQ .egqï yd

u;jdoo we;s fjñka mj;S' fujeks

miqìula ;=< zls;= y`vZ lf;da,sl

oyu /l.ekSfï cd;sl jHdmdrh mjd

wka;jd§ wd.ñl ixúOdkhla ±hs

flfkl=g iel is;kakg" wkqudk

lrkakg mq¨jk' uE;l§ tla lkHd

fidhqßhla úoHq;a ,smshla u.ska úuid

isáfha zls;=y`vZ ixúOdkho uE;l§

ìysù we;s fn!oaO ixúOdk fuka

wka;jd§ lf;da,sl

ixúOdkhlao lshdh'

ls;= y`v ìysùu yd tys b;sydih

zls;=y`vZ wdrïN jkafka fuhg jir 15

lg muK fmr tkï 1998 jif¾ §h'

lf;da,slhska nyq;rhla fjfik

zlf;da,sl ck uQ, m%foaYhkaZ jk

ó.uqj" j;a;," cd we," lgdk jeks

m%foaY wdl%uKh lrñka uqo,g ls;=kq

ck;dj yrjd .;a uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï

j,g tfrysj l%shdldÍ jQ ;reK msßila

f,ih' lf;da,sl oyï mdie,a .=rejreka"

O¾u¥; <ud iudc iÔjlhska" ;reK

iñ;s yd mQcd Woõ ;reK ;reKshkaf.ka

iukaú; jQ zls;=y`v ixúOdkhZ

uQ,O¾ujd§kaf.a jHdc b.ekaùï j,g

tfrysj óiï ck;dj ±kaj;a lrñka

f.hska f.g f.dia lf;da,sl wd.fuka

uQ,O¾ujd§ka úiska yrjd .;a lf;da,sl

ne;su;=kaj ienE u. fmkaùula hgf;a

kej;;a lf;da,sl oyu fj; f.kajd

.ekSfï lghq;=j, ksr; úh' w;a m;%sld"

fmdaiag¾" nek¾" yd foaYk u.ska

lf;da,sl óiï wdl%uKh l<

zuQ,O¾ujd§ jHdmdßlhskaf.kaZ lf;da,sl

ck;dj .,jd .ekSfï ±lau we;s lrk

,oafoa zls;=y`vZ wm úisks' wm lsisu

úfgl;a l,yldÍ f,i fyda m%pkav

f,i yeisÍ fkdue;'lsisu whqrlska rfÜ

kS;shg yd iduhg ndOd jk whqßka

yeisÍ ke;' wfma f;aud mdGh jkafkau

zud l,dla fuka Tn;a tlsfkldg fm%au

lrkak" f.!rjh olajkak ^ udla 12( 31&

hkakhs' yeu úfgu lf;da,sl oyfï

yrh jk iudc iduh yd iyÔjkh wm

lsis úfgl;a ìo fkdouuq' wm ieuúgu

fn!oaO" yskaÿ" bia,dï hk rfÜ wfkl=;a

wd.ï j,g;a" idïm%odhl ls%ia;shdks iNd

j,g;a .re lruq' wm uQ,O¾ujd§ka

ms<snoj fjkia ms<sfj;la wkq.ukh

lrkq ,nkafka Tjqkaf.a wruqK l%sia;=

oyu fyda wd.ñl fufyjr fkdj"

Tjqkaf.a uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï ;=< we;s

lf;da,sl iNdjg yd ls;=kqjkag jßka jr ndysßka wNsfhda. /ila meñfKhs' tjeks wjia:djl lf;da,sl .sys ixúOdkhla f,i ueoy;aùu j.lSula f,i i,lk wm tA ioyd ks;e;skau ueÈy;a jkafkuq' kuq;a lf;da,sl iNdjg ienE wNsfhda.h we;af;a lf;da,sl iNdj ;=<uh' fï jk úg lf;da,sl fndfyda fofkl=f.ka ienE ls;=kq jákdlï .s,syS hñka mj;S' .syshka muKla fkdj we;eï meúÈ fldgiao wo jk úg f,!lsl;ajhg hg ù ish ls;=kq jákdlï ke;s lr f.k ;sfí' ienE f,iu lf;da,sl oyu /l .ekSug kï iNdj ;=<skau iNdjg jk ydksho wm úiska meyeÈ,sju yÿkd.; hq;=fõ' wo jk úg lf;da,sl ck;dj uqyqKfok wNsfhda. /ils'

ienE f,iu /l .ekSug kï'''

lf;da,sl oyu

lf;da,sl oyu


23wd.u úl=Kdf.k uqo,a yïnlr.ekSfï

uQ,Huh wruqK yd Tjqka ;=< we;s

fjk;a há wruqKqj,g tfrys ùuhs'

we;eï fldgia lf;da,sl indj ;=<g

we;=¨ù lf;da,sl f,i isáñka iNdj

fNao lsÍug;a" iNdfõ neg¨jka

Wml%uYS,sj ;ukaf.a lKavdhï ;=<g

veyef.k hEu;a fï jk úg b;d

iQlaIuj isÿ lrñka isà' wjdikdj

jkafka fï lsisjla fndfyda lf;da,sl

mshjreka fkd±k isàu;a" wjfndOhla

fkdue;s ùu;ah'

ls;= y`v iNdj fjkqfjka ueoy;ajk .sys ixúOdkhla ùu

wfma wruqK ;j ÿrg;a mq¿,a jQfha miq

.shod fudrgqj rdj;a; fm%aï <ud ksjdih

iïnkaOj we;s jQ isoaêh;a iu.h' tu

isoaêh hï wd.ñl wka;jd§ka msßila

úiska lf;da,sl iNdjg tfrysj b;d

ixúOdkd;aulj lrk ,oaola nj

wka;¾cd,h Tiafia wmg ±k .ekSug;a"

;yjqre lr .ekSug;a yelsúh' tu isoaêh

tla isoaêhla muKla fkdj lf;da,sl

iNdjg tfrysj meje;s isoaêud,djl

wdrïNh f,i wm úiska yÿkdf.k

;snqKs' tu isoaêhg wdikakju we;sùug

;snQ wfkla isoaêh jkafka f;aj;a;

foajia:dkfha lf;da,sl b;sydih wvx.=

mqjre leãug lsishï wka;jd§ka msßila

ixúOdkh ùuh' fï ish,a, ±k.;a jydu

wm lKavdhu tA iïnkaOj lf;da,sl

iNdfõ wod< j.lsjhq;a;ka tA

iïnkaOfhka ±kqj;a lrk ,È' tfiau

rdj;dj;a; <ud ksjdifha isoaêh uq,a lr

.ksñka lf;da,sl iNdjg ±jeka; uv

jHdmdrhla udOHhka yryd Èh;a fjñka

mej;sks' tys§ lf;da,sl iNdj <ud

ksjdi yryd <uhskaj úlsKSfï cdjdrula

lrf.k hk nj;a" rdj;dj;a; <ud

ksjdifha <uqka wjhj ioyd msgrgg

úlsKSug ldÈk,a ysñhka m%uqL lf;da,sl

iNdj lghq;= lrk nj;a" úfYaIfhkau

Nd.Hj;a f;f¾id ujq;=ñho bkaÈhdfõ

<ud ksjdi mj;ajdf.k hdu uqjdfjka

isÿ lrkq ,enqfõ wjhj ioyd <uhska

úlsKSfï cdjdrula mj;ajdf.k hEu

nj;a olajñka wka;¾cd,fha fjí wvú"

íf,da.a wvú"yd f*aia nqla jeks iudc

cd, fjí msgq Tiafia wd.ñl wka;jd§

ixúOdkhla úiska lf;da,sl iNdjg

úreoaOj m%n, uv jHdmdrhla mj;ajdf.

k .shy' tys§ uQ,O¾ujdohg muKla

fkdj lf;da,sl iNdfõ lS¾;s kduhg

tfrysj f.khk fujeks jHdc uv

m%pdrj,g tfrysjo ueoy;aj lf;da,sl

oyu /l.ekSug lghq;= l< hq;= nj

fuu isoaêodufha§ zls;=y`vZ wm ;SrKh

lf<uq' tksid tu wjia:dfõ rdj;dj;a;

isoaÈhg úfrdaOh mdñka .sys lf;da,sl

ixúOdkhla f,i udOH ksfõok ksl=;a

lrñka yd mj;sk uv m%pdr ioyd

ms<s;=re ,nd foñka zls;=yvZ lf;da,sl

iNdj /lSu ioyd ueoy;a jqfkuq'

úfYaIfhka Nd.Hdj;a f;f¾id

ujq;=ñhf.a Y=oaOj;a jQ pß;h .ek jerÈ

uv m%pdr f.khdug tfrysj úúO

±kqj;a lsÍfï ,sms wka;¾cd,h mqrd m<

lr w;r f;af¾id ujq;=ñhf.a ienE

Y=oaOj;a pß;h iïnkaOj ±kqj;a lrñka

fjkuu íf,d.a wvúhlao wm úiska

ks¾udKh lrk ,È' fuys§ tu isoaÈfha§

lf;da,sl iNdfõ fydoku /lSu ioyd

ueoy;aj lghq;= l< ;j;a lf;da,sl

ixúOdkhla jk zó.uqj ls;=kq

idikdrlaIl n,uKav,hgZo fï

wjia:dfõ m%Kduh m< lruq'tfiau

lf;da,sl oyu iïnkaOj jerÈ

w¾:l;k mt<jk fndfyda wjia:dj,oS

bkamiq wm udOH ksfõok ksl=;a lrñka

tjeks ldrKd ksjerÈ lrñka miq.sh

ld,fha tA fjkqfjka fmkS isák ,È'

lf;da,sl iNdfõ ienE wNsfhda. yÿkd .ekSu

lf;da,sl iNdjg yd ls;=kqjkag jßka

jr ndysßka wNsfhda. /ila meñfKhs'

tjeks wjia:djl lf;da,sl .sys

ixúOdkhla f,i ueoy;aùu j.lSula

f,i i,lk wm tA ioyd ks;e;skau

ueÈy;a jkafkuq' kuq;a lf;da,sl

iNdjg ienE wNsfhda.h we;af;a

lf;da,sl iNdj ;=<uh' fï jk úg

lf;da,sl fndfyda fofkl=f.ka ienE

ls;=kq jákdlï .s,syS hñka mj;S'

.syshka muKla fkdj we;eï meúÈ

fldgiao wo jk úg f,!lsl;ajhg hg

ù ish ls;=kq jákdlï ke;s lr f.k

;sfí' ienE f,iu lf;da,sl oyu /l

.ekSug kï iNdj ;=<skau iNdjg jk

ydksho wm úiska meyeÈ,sju yÿkd.;

hq;=fõ' wo jk úg lf;da,sl ck;dj

uqyqKfok wNsfhda. /ils' bka m%Odk

jkafka (

lf;da,sl nyq;rh fjfik lf;da,sl

ck uQ, m%foaY l%ufhka Èh ù hEu (-

lf;da,sl nyq;rh fjfik ó.uqj" cd

we," j;a;," y,dj;" fjkakmamqj"

lgdk" fudrgqj jeks fndfyda m%foaY fï

jk úg lf;da,slhska wkHd.ñlhskag

bvï úlsKSfuka yd lf;da,sl ck;dj

uQ,O¾ujd§ka úiska yrjd .ekSu ksid

ixLHd;aulj wvq fjñka mj;S'

úfYaIfhkau úúO foaYmd,k kHdhka

u; Pkaoh yd uqo,a n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka

we;eï foaYmd,{hska rcfha bvï"

j.=reìï yd fj,a b;d wvq .Kka j,g

fjk;a wd.ñlhskag úl=Kñka mj;S' tA

yuqfõ wfma lf;da,sl mQcH mejeos

mlaIho uqksj; rlskafka

foaYmd,k{hska ;ryd lr .; fkdyels

neúks' fï ksidu yskaÿ yd uqia,sï úYd,

msßila ó.uqj" cd we," j;a;, lf;da,sl

fmfoia wdl%uKh lrñka mj;S' tfiau

lf;da,sl jHdmdßlhskag w;§fï yd

wkq.%yh ±laùfï meyeÈ,s ie,eiaula fyda

l%ufõohla lf;da,sl iNdj ;=<

fkdue;sùfuka lf;da,sl jHdmdßlhska

iS.%f,i wvqù ;sfí'lf;da,sl m%foaY

fjk;a jHdmdßlhska wdl%uKh lr

Tjqkaf.a m%cdj jHdma; lrñka isà'fuu

m%foaYj, mdrïmßlj wdrlaId ù fuf;la

mej; yd wd.ñl W;aijhka" ckjkaokd

l%u" lf;da,sl l,djka" furg tla Wm

ixialD;shla jQ lf;da,sl ixialD;sh jeks

fndfyda wx. fï jk úg /l.ekSfï

úêu;a l%ufõohla fkdue;s ùu ksid

wNdjhg hñka mj;S'

lf;da,sl nyq;rh fjfik zlf;da,sl

ck uQ, m%foaYZ j, ÿrdpdrh b;d

iS.%fhka j¾Okh ù lf;da,slhskaf.a Èú

fmfj;g ;¾ck we;s fjñka mej;Su (-

lf;da,sl nyq;rh fjfik ó.uqj" cd

we,"j;a;," y,dj;" fjkakmamqj" lgdk"

fudrgqj jeks fndfyda m%foaY fï jk úg

úúO ÿrdpdr l%shd j¾Okh ùu ksid

¥IKh fjñka mj;S' fydr u;ameka" l=vq"

lismamq" iudcYd,d yd u;a meka wf,ú

y,a jeäùu" .Ksld jD;a;sh" iïndyk

zls;=y`vZ wdrïN jkafka fuhg jir 15 lg muK fmr tkï 1998 jif¾ §h' lf;da,slhska nyq;rhla fjfik zlf;da,sl ck uQ, m%foaYhkaZ jk ó.uqj"j;a;," cd we," lgdk jeks m%foaY wdl%uKh lrñka uqo,g ls;=kq ck;dj yrjd .;a uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï j,g tfrysj l%shdldÍ jQ ;reK msßila f,ih' lf;da,sl oyï mdie,a .=rejreka" O¾u¥; <ud iudc iÔjlhska" ;reK iñ;s yd mQcd Woõ ;reK ;reKshkaf.ka iukaú; jQ zls;=y`v ixúOdkhZ uQ,O¾ujd§kaf.a jHdc b.ekaùï j,g tfrysj óiï ck;dj ±kaj;a lrñka f.hska f.g f.dia lf;da,sl wd.fuka uQ,O¾ujd§ka úiska yrjd .;a lf;da,sl ne;su;=kaj ienE u. fmkaùula hgf;a kej;;a lf;da,sl oyu fj; f.kajd .ekSfï lghq;=j, ksr; úh'


2524wdh;k mj;ajdf.k hEï" lmamï .ekSï"

md;d, l%shdldrlï" ñkS uereï" myr§ï

jeks fndfyda ÿrdpdrhka fï jk úg

lf;da,sl m%foaY iS>%fhka wdl%uKh

lrñka mj;S' úfYaIfhkau wo jk úg

lf;da,slhskaf.a yoj; nÿ ó.uqj

foaYmd,lhska úiska ÿrdpdr jmqrñka

úkdY lrñka ;sfí' ls;=kq wfma uqÿka

uq, jk ó.uqj fuu úkdYfhka .,jd

.ekSug wm ish,a,ka ueoy;a úh hq;=h'

m,a,s fyda iqrejï jeä jeäfhka

bÈlsÍfuka muKla th isÿ l<

fkdyelsh'

¥IS; foaYmd,khg jkaÈNÜglï lrk lf;da,sl wms

fï ish,a, bÈßfha fïjdg úreoaOj igka

lsÍug fmruqK f.k we;af;a

msh;=uka,d lsysm fofkl= yd .syshka

lsysm fofkl= mu◊Ks' fï ish,a,g iDcqj

j.lsj hq;af;a fuu m%foaYj,g uyck

Pkaofhka m;aù isák lf;da,sl hehs

lshd.kakd kuq;a lsisÿ lf;da,sl .=Kdx.

hla .Eú,dj;a ke;s uyck ksfhdað;hska

ksidh' wfma zwe;eï mshjrekaZ yd

j.lSula iys; .sys fldgiao fulS ue;s

weu;sjrekaf.ka ,efnk úúO m%;smdok

yd jrm%ido ksid uqksj; rlsñka tlS

¥Is; weu;sjreka bÈßfha jkaÈNÜglï

lrñka isà' ó.uqj" j;a;, jeks

m%foaYhka yS fuu úkdYh ;Èkau mj;S'

lf;da,sl m%foaYhka yS fl;rï ÈjH mQcd

;snqj;a" mshjre foaj jpkh ;=,ska

ne;su;=ka yg ienE ls;=kq úuqla;sfha

ud¾.h fmkajQj;a" ñksiqka ±yeñ fkdù

wO¾ufhkau Ôj;a jkafka wo jk úg

m,a,sh Od¾ñl jqj;a thska msg .u úkdY

ù we;s neúks' ñksiqka Od¾ñl jkakg

kï meúÈ kdhlhska yd ck;djg by,ska

isák foaYmd,k yd iudc kdhlhskao

Od¾ñl úh hq;=fõ' oyï .=rejreka

breÈk meh folla oyï mdie,a ;=<

orejkag fl;rï oyu lshd ÿkako

orejkaa ±yeñ fkdjkafka i;sfha b;sß

Èk 6 meh 22l ld,h orejka Ôj;a

jkafka úkdY jQ .ula ;=< ùuhs'

tfiakï fï úkdY jQ .u uq,ska fírd

.ekSu msKsi lf;da,sl iNdfõ .sys meúÈ

ish,a,ka fmruqK .; hq;=h' lf;da,sl

.ï;=< ÿrdpdrhka iyuq,ska ÿre lr

±óug mshjreka uQ,sl;ajh .; hq;=h'

ÿrdpdr lrkakkag foajia:dkfha uq,a mqgq

,ndfoñka Tjqkaf.ka ,efnk uqo,a yd

wfkl=;a jrm%idohkaf.ka iqmsß Ôú; .;

lsÍu mfilg ,d uq,ska úkdY jQ .ï

fírd .ekSug wm Wkkaÿ úh hq;=h' .u

úkdY ù m,a,sh ±yeñ ù lsisÿ M,la ke;s

nj wm u;hhs' úfYaIfhka úúO iajrEm

j,ska meñfKñka lf;da,sl Pkaofhka

m;aù lf;da,sl .=Kdx.j,g tfrysj

ÿrdpdr m;=rjñka lghq;= lrk ish¨

uyck ksfhdað;hska iNdj ;=,ska

m%;slafIam lsÍug ld,h meñK ;sfí'

;ukag ,efnk jrm%ido ksid lf;da,sl

lu wu;l lr ue;s weu;sjrekaf.a

ÿrdpdr l%shdjka bjid jodrK wfma

lf;da,sl mshjreka yd .syshkago ienE

ls;=kq lu wjê lr .ekSug fï ld,hhs'

iNdfõ ueoy;aùfuka ienE lf;da,sl

jákdlï we;s lf;da,sl oyï mdie,a

.=rejreka" O¾u¥; <ud iudc iÔjlhska"

;reK iñ;s yd mQcd Woõ ;reK

;reKshka foaYmd,kh ioyd fhduq

lrùu jHdc tf`âreka meñKSu

je,elaúh yels l%uhls' iNdj tA ioyd

wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h'

lf;da,sl ckhdf.a .eg¨ yÿkd.ekSu yd ueoy;alu

lf;da,slhskaf.a wd¾:_lhg yd lf;da,sl

¥ orejkaf.a wkd.;hg iNdj iDcqju

ueoy;aùfï l%ufõohla ieliSu iNdfõ

j.lSu fõ' fï jk úg fi;airK"

lßgdia" fifvla jeks wdh;k hï

m%udKhlg fuu ld¾Hh l<o lf;da,sl

ckhdf.a wd¾:_lh;a" lf;da,sl

orejkaf.a wOHdmkh;a" lf;da,sl

Wreuh;a /l.ekSug;a mqÆ,a úêu;a

ie,eiaula ilialrñka iDcqj lf;da,sl

ck;d m%Yak ioyd ueoy;a úh hq;=h'

W;=re kef.kysr ;ju;a ÿla úÈk

lf;da,sl ck;dj ^ lf;da,sl fkdjk

ck;djg;a yelskï msysgùu

lf;da,sllufõ& fjkqfjka ueoy;a ù

lghq;= lsÍu' fld<U yd y,dj; ëjr

ckhdg úêu;a ie,eiaula hgf;a wdOdr

lsÍfï" Tjqkaf.a mjq,a k.d isgqùfï yd

Tjqkaf.a m%Yak j,g ueoy;aùu l, hq;=u

ld¾hhls' l,amsáh ¥m;a 12la rch úiska

úfoaYSh iud.ï ioyd úl=Kd tu

lf;da,sl ck;djf.a ck Ôú;h úkdY

lsÍug tfrysj iNdj ueoy;aj lghq;=

lsÍu jeks ls%hd fï jk úg

wjYH;djhkah'

fuys§ ienE f,i iNdj l=reisfha

.ukla hk iNdjla njg m;a lsÍug

jir úiaila mqrd iNdj ;=< wr., lrk

;j;a lf;da,sl ixúOdkhla jk zls;=irZ

lKavdhugo wmf.a m%Kduh mqo lr

isáuq' zls;=irZ mqj;am;;a" Tjqkaf.a

l%shdldrluq;a miq.sh jir úiai mqrdjgu

lf;da,sl iNdfõ .uka u`. ksjerÈ

lsÍug jvd il%Shj odhl úh'

lf;da,sl mshjrekaa ish l%sia;= j.lSu yÿkd .ekSu

lf;da,sl mQcH mlaIfha nyq;rh ish

mQcljrh ±Ífï§ fok m%;s{djg wkqj

l=reisfha ud¾.fha .sho iq¨;rhla fï

jk úg b;d iqfldamfNda.S Ôú; ud¾.

ioyd yqrej ;sfí' óiï ;=< lf;da,sl

ck;djf.a m%Yak fjkqfjka ueoy;a

ùu;a" ksjdi neye±lSu;a" lf;da,sl

ck;djf.a wd¾:_l" iudc m%Yak yd

wdOHd;añl m%Yak ioyd ueoy;a ùu;a

fjkqjg fjk;a f,dlsl foa ;=<g fulS

iq¨;rfha mshjreka keUqrej mj;S'

foaYmd,k mlaIj,g yd foaYmd,k ue;s

weu;sjrekag lfâ hEu mQcl;ajhg

kqiqÿiq fõ' we;eï wjia:dj, úúO

ÿiaYS, l%shd ioydo fhduq jk fuu

iq¨;rh wo jk úg lf;da,sl iNdfõ

iuia: is,aj;a yd l=reisfha .uka u`.

f;dard.;a mshjrekgo wf.!rjhls' wo

jk úg lf;da,sl iNdjg msg;ska úúO

fpdaokd t,a, jkqfha;a" úfYaIfhkau

iNdj ;=<;a úúO u;fNao we;s ù

;sfnkafka;a we;eï meúÈ mlaIfha whf.a

úkh úfrdaë l%shdjka fya;=fjks'

úfYaIfhka ish,a,kag tlf,i ie,lSu"

tlf,i jrm%ido ,nd§ug lghq;=

lf;da,sl iNdj flfrys we;euqka l,lsÍu;a" ;j;a iuyreka lf;da,sl oyu w;yer uQ,O¾ujd§ wd.ï j,g hEu;a jeä ù ;sfnkafka fulS meúÈ mQcljrekaf.a yd we;eï .syshkaf.a fkdukd l%shd l,dmh ksidh' úfYaIfhka f,!lsl iem iïm;a fj; ±äj keUqrej isák fuu mQcl msßig iaj¾.ia: uhsl,a reøs.= jeks mshjrekaf.ka ;u cQcl Ôú;hg bf.k .; yels foa úYd,h' uhsl,a reÈ%.= msh;=ukaf.a Ôú;h fukau j;auka iiqka tfârdKka jk *%ekaisia iqo;=ï mshdf.a wdo¾Yh jk Y=oaOjQ *%ekaisia uqks;=ukaf.a w,afmaÉP Ôú;h;a" ,laÈj uyd O¾u¥;hdKka jk cqfia jdia msh;=ukaf.a ÿla úÈñka .; l< w,afmaÉP Ôú;h;a wfma j;auka mQcl mrmqf¾ iqfldamfNda.S Ôú; .; lrk mshjrekag;a meúÈ fidfydhqßhkag;a meyeÈ,s wNsfhda.hls'


2524

lsÍfuka fuu úYu;djh yd u;fNaohka

wvqfõ' lf;da,sl iNdj flfrys we;euqka

l,lsÍu;a" ;j;a iuyreka lf;da,sl

oyu w;yer uQ,O¾ujd§ wd.ï j,g

hEu;a jeä ù ;sfnkafka fulS meúÈ

mQcljrekaf.a yd we;eï .syshkaf.a

fkdukd l%shd l,dmh ksidh'

úfYaIfhka f,!lsl iem iïm;a fj;

±äj keUqrej isák fuu mQcl msßig

iaj¾.ia: uhsl,a reøs.= jeks mshjreka

f.ka ;u cQcl Ôú;hg bf.k .;

yels foa úYd,h'

wdpd¾h Wmdêhla mjd ;snQ" jeä jegqmlg

úfoaY úYaj úoHd,hka yS wdpd¾h moú

ioyd ,enQ wdrdOkd mfil,d" nq;a;,

jeks w;s ÿIalr .ulg f.dia

iqfldmfNda.S óiï .Dy j,ska f;dr lgq

ueá f.orl" ñ, wêl fuÜghla

fjkqjg ,E,s lE,a,la u; ìu

ie;fmñka" iqmsß wdydr fjkqjg

fldrgqfjka jjd .;a fohla lvd Whd

msyd lñka" ñ, wêl frÈ ms<s fjkqjg

nd, j¾.fha froaolska ueiQ tl

f,d.=jl=;a" irï folla yd lñi folla

muKla Ndú;d lrñka" we;eï úg tAjdo

ke;s neß wysxil .ïuqkag mß;Hd.

lrñka" ,laI 80 -100 iqmsß bkag¾l+,a

jdyk fjkqjg ish fomhskau fifrmamq

fol f.fjk;=re .ïuqkaf.a m%Yak ioyd

jeh fjñka lf;da,slhskag muKla

fkdj wkHd.ñlhsg;a ish l%shdj yd

Èúfmfj; ;=,skau ienE f,i l%sia;=ka

jykafiaj m%ldY l<" wjidkfha§ iudc

idOdrKh fjkqfjkq fkdìhj fmkS isá

ksid ish Ôú;fhka jkaÈ f.jd >d;khg

,la jQ uhsl,a reøs.= msh;=ud j;auka mQcl

mq;=ka ish,a,kagu ±jeka; wNsfhda.hls"

wdo¾Yhls' uhsl,a reÈ%.= msh;=ukaf.a

Ôú;h fukau j;auka iiqka tfârdKka

jk *%ekaisia iqo;=ï mshdf.a wdo¾Yh jk

Y=oaOjQ *%ekaisia uqks;=ukaf.a w,afmaÉP

Ôú;h;a" ,laÈj uyd O¾u¥;hdKka jk

cqfia jdia msh;=ukaf.a ÿla úÈñka .;

l< w,afmaÉP Ôú;h;a wfma j;auka

mQcl mrmqf¾ iqfldamfNda.S Ôú; .;

lrk mshjrekag;a meúÈ

fidfydhqßhkag;a meyeÈ,s wNsfhda.hls'

fï ms<snoj lf;da,sl iNdj ;=<u úêu;a

ixjdohla we;sùug fï iqÿiqu ld,hhs'

lf;da,sl oyu /l .ekSug iNd kdh;lajhg fhdackdj,shla

lf;da,sl iNdjg fï jk úg isÿjk

wNsfhda. yd lf;da,sl oyu ienE f,iu

rlskakg kï" msh;=uka,d yd .sys ixúOdk

lf;da,sl m%Yak ioyd ueoy;aùu yd

úêu;a ie,eiaula we;sj jev lsÍu ioyd

fhdackdj,shla miq.shod wm zls;= y`vZ

ixúOdkh fld<U w.ro.=re ue,alï

ldÈk,a rxð;a ysñhka yuqù idlÉPdjla

lr bÈßm;a l< w;r lf;da,sl iNdj /l

.ekSug;a" lf;da,slhskaf.a m%Yak iïkaOj

ueÈy;a ùug;a .sys ixúOdkhka yS we;s

wjYH;djh ioyka l< ldÈk,a ysñhka

wm ls%shdldÍ;ajh w.h lf<ah' fujr

mQcl yuqfõ§ t;=ud bÈßm;a l< kj kS;s

Í;s ud,dj ieliSfï§ wm fhdackdj,sho

i,ld n,d we;s nj meyeÈ,sj olakg

,efí' foajia:dkj, cqì,s yd ux.,H

ioyd wkjYH W;aij je,elaùu yd tAjdg

ir, pdï njla ,nd§u" iafjÉPd .sys

O¾uodk lKavdhï msysgqùu" lf;da,sl

óiïjdiSkaf.a ÿIalr;d yd wd¾:_l

m%Yakj,g ueoy;aùu óiïj, ksjdi

neye±lSug m%uqL;djh ,nd§u jeks

fndfyda ldrKd wm fhdckd iu.o úh'

iNd kdhl;ajh .sys lKavdhï j,

fujeks fhdackd .ek i,ld n,d iNdj

hym;a Èidjlg fhduq lsÍug tAjd

Wmfhda.Slr .ekSu iïnkaO wm m%Kduh

ysñ úh hq;=h' bÈßfha§o wm lKavdhu

iNd kdhl;ajh iu. iNdj fjkqfjka

l<hq;= l%shd ud¾. .ek ixjdofhka hq;=j

lghq;= lruq'

m%pkav;ajfhka f;drj oyu /l .ekSug u.la

wo jk úg fndfyda wd.ñl ixúOdk yd

lKavdhï ish wd.u fyda oyu /l

.ekSug fhduq ù isákafka m%pkav" ;¾ck"

u¾Ok fyda l,yldÍ ms,sfj;a wkq.ukh

lr fõ' tod nqÿka foiQ NslaIq úkh Í;ska

wkq.ukh lr is;" lh" jpkh ixjrj

;nd .ksñka is,aj;aj wka whg O¾uh

wjfndaO lr Èh yelskï ´keu flfkl=g

oyu wjfndaOlr § O¾ufha ud¾.hg .;

yels fõ' tod nqÿka jykafia wx.=,sud,

oukh l,dla fia"woo is,aj;a núka yd

ffu;%sh fmr±ßj lghq;= l< yelskï

fuhg jvd ish,a,ka O¾uh olskq

fkdwkqudkfõ' we;eï úg fuiufha

f,da;=rd nqÿka jykafia jev isáhdkï t,a'

à' à' B' kdhlhd mjd fn!oaOhskaf.ka

jeÿï msÿï ,nk ;;a;ajhla Wod úh yelsh'

ukao nqÿka wyig ke. fm,yrmdñka

O¾uh foaYkdlr m%Ndlrkajo oukh

lrkq ksh;h' ffu;%shg l< fkdyels

lsisjla ke;' tfiakï wo jk úg tod

wx.=,sud, wx.=,sud, f;reka jykafia

kul jQ f,iu m%Ndlrkao nqÿ oyu je,o.

kq ksh;h' tfiau wx.=,sud, msß; fuka

msß;ao ìysfõ' lf;da,sl oyu

iïnkaOfhkao l%sia;=ka jykafia fuka

jkakg ls;=kq mQcl mlaIhg fkdyels ù

we;af;a ±yeñ nj uo nj ksiduh' tfia

ish,a,ka ±yeñ jQjdkï" f,!lsl;ajhg

f,d,a fkdjqjd kï wo jk úg lf;da,sl

iNdfjka neg¨jka veye .ekSug

uQ,O¾ujd§kag lsisfia;a wjia:djla Wod

fkdjkq we;' ienE l=reisfha ud¾.h

l=ula±hs wjfndaO lr .ksñka ;u lu

kid" Ôú;h jqjo mQcd l< yels wkaofï

lemùula lrd hEu wo lf;da,sl mQcH

mlaIhg wjYHh' ienE f,iu O¾ufhka

l;d l< yels" O¾uh wjfndAOlrÈh yels

wfhl= fï ishÆ wd.ï j, ìysjk odg

zwkHd.ñl mK;aZ iïu; lrkakg

o`.,kakg Wjukdjla fkdue;s jkq we;'

m%pkav;ajh w;g .ekSug wjia;djla Wod

fkdjkq we;' ukao zO¾uh rlskakdj"

O¾uh úiska rlskZ neúks'

, zls;= y`v Z lf;da,sl oyu

/l.ekSfï cd;sl jHdmdrh

[email protected]

lf;da,sl iNdjg fï jk úg isÿjk wNsfhda. yd lf;da,sl oyu ienE f,iu rlskakg kï" msh;=uka,d yd .sys ixúOdk lf;da,sl m%Yak ioyd ueoy;aùu yd úêu;a ie,eiaula we;sj jev lsÍu ioyd fhdackdj,shla miq.shod wm zls;= y`vZ ixúOdkh fld<U w.ro.=re ue,alï ldÈk,a rxð;a ysñhka yuqù idlÉPdjla lr bÈßm;a l< w;r lf;da,sl iNdj /l .ekSug;a" lf;da,slhskaf.a m%Yak iïkaOj ueÈy;a ùug;a .sys ixúOdkhka yS we;s wjYH;djh ioyka l< ldÈk,a ysñhka wm ls%shdldÍ;ajh w.h lf<ah'


26

uQ, O¾ujdoh keu;s fuu f;audj

b;d ixlS¾K ud;Dldjls' bia,dï"

ls;=kq" yskaÿ yd fndÿkq wd§ fkdfhl=;a

wd.ï yd o¾YKhka mokï lrf.k

úúOdldr uQ,O¾ujdohka f,dalh mqrd

mj;S' iuyr uQ,O¾u fldgia foaYmd,k

lafIa;%fhys n,fõ.hla njg m;aj

we;' bka iuyr lKavdhï wd.ñl

wdh;k lvd ì| ouñka yd mQcl yd

meúÈ whj¿kag mjd uer m%ydr t,a,

lrk yd m%pKav;ajhg yd ysxikhkag

mjd fm<fUk wh wo ,xldfõ mjd

olskakg we;' iuyre wd;aóh ke;akï

iaj¾.Sh foa muKla fidh;s' tjeks ish¿

me;s lvhka iïmQ¾K jYfhka meyeÈ,s

lsÍu myiq ldrhla kï fkdfõ'

uf.a fuu ,smsh jQjo .eUqre yd l%uj;a

.%ka: mßYS,khlska f;drj isÿ flfrk

neúka fkdfhl=;a iSudlï fuys ;sìh

yelsh' fuu f;audj .ek isÿ flfrk

idlÉPdjl§ tys wdrïNh yd Bg

miqìïjQ b;sydih hï m%udKhlg fyda

y÷kd .eksu wksjd¾fhka wjYHfõ'

19 jk yd 20 jk Y;j¾Ij,§ we;sjQ

nqoaêjdoh" úoHdj yd ;dlaIKsl ÈhqKqj

wd.ï fj; b;d m%n,j n,mdkakg

úh' fmdÿfõ .;a l, kQ;k hq.h

ukqIHhdf.a ish¨ wjYH;djhka nqoaêh"

úoHdj yd ;dlaIKsl oshqKqj u.ska

imqrd .; yels nj úYajdY lrñka"

wd.u fkdfnda Èklska ñksia Ôú;j,ska

bj;afõ hhs fndfyda fofkla is;=y'

tfukau wksla w;g fldñkshqiaÜ

u;jdoh wkqj wd.u wìx hk woyio

m%ldY jkakg úh' 1960 .Kkaj, ls;=Kq

idys;H ;=< zzfoúhkaf.a urKhZZ hk

f;audj hgf;a .%ka:hka mjd olskakg

;snqKs' kuq;a miq .sh oil lSmh ;=<

wd.u flfrys ukqIHdf.a Wkkaÿj jeä

j¾Okh ù we;sjd muKla fkdj wd.u

yd foaYmd,kh w;r fkdis;+ wkaofï

ióm ne£ula f.dv ke.S nj olskakg

we;' úYajdi l< fkdyels ;rug wo

wd.u úYd, iudc n,fõ.hla njg

m;aù yudrh' ueofmrÈ. iy iyrd

wm%sldkq bia,dóh uQ,O¾ujd§ka fuka

,;ska weußldkq m%foaYj, fmka;fldia;

uq,O¾ujd§yq ñ,shk 533 muK j¾Okh

ù ;sfí'

• me;sÍ hdug fya;=

ls;=Kq uQ,O¾ujdoh f,dj mqrd me;sÍ

hdug fya;= lsmhla we;' tu hq.fha§

ixúOdkd;aul ls;=Kq wd.ï fj;

úoHd;aul ÈhqKqj yd nqoaêjdoh úiska

t,a,jQ wNsfhda.hkag ms<s;=re §fï

wruqK we;sj ;u wd.ñl wdh;k ;=<

wjYH ixfYdaOk we;s lsrSug wd.ñl

kdhlhka fjfyfikakg jQy' tu

l%shdj,sfha§ m%uqL;ajh fokq ,enQfõ

nqoaêuh lreKqj,gh' kuq;a ye.Sï

yd wdfõ.hka m%ldY lsÍug ukqIHdg

iajNdjfhkau we;s wjYH;djh .ek

t;rï wjOdkhla ±lajQfha ke;' fï

fya;=fjka ls;+Kq j;a ms<sfj;a ;=<

;on, úh,s njla w;aolskakg úh'

isÿl< j;ams<sfj;aj, mjd ne;su;=ka

uQ,O¾u jdoh

1980 § weußldkq ckdêm;s frdk,aâ f¾.ka ckdêm;s moúhg f.k taug W;aidy .;a lKavdhu idka; f*a ys§ meje;ajQ iïuka;%Khl§ mjid ;snqfka fldñhqksiaÜjd§yq úuqla;s foaj O¾uh yryd lf;da,sl iNdj ;u lghq;=j,g fhdod .kakd njo" tys ls;=Kqlug jvd fldñhqksiaÜ O¾uh we;s neúka úuqla;s foaj O¾uh ,;ska wußldj ;=< mrdch l< hq;= njh' tu ksid frdk,aâ f¾.ka fojeks cqjdï mdjq¿ mdma jykafia iu. tlaj úuqla;s foaj O¾uh u¾Okh lsÍfï iu.s jev ms<sfj,la we;s lr .;ay' fuu jljdkqfõ§ j;sldkq mßmd,kh u.ska n%iS,fha yd mSrEys ro.=re uvq¿ fj; úfYaI n,mEï Wkajykafia t,a, l<y' foajO¾udpd¾hjrhl= jQ f,kd¾fvda fnd*a hï wdldrhl u¾Okhg Wkajykafia úiska ,la l<y' tmuKla fkdj miq.dó mqoa.,hka ro.=rejreka jYfhka m;a l<y' fudjqkaf.ka fndfyda fofkla zz´mqia fâhSZZ keu;s lf;da,sl iNdfõ uQ,O¾ujd§ yd m%;s.dó ro.=rejrekah' zz´mqia fâhSZZ keu;s wdh;kh lf;da,sl iNdj fojeks uka;%K iNdfõ m%.;sYS,s mshjrhka wdmiq yerùug fjfyi jkakdjQ Okjd§ yd olaIsKdxYSl foaYmd,k oDIaÀhla we;s n,fõ.hls'

uQ,O¾u jdohuQ,O¾u jdohuQ,O¾u jdoh


27w;aÿgqfõ ksr¾:l njls' ;j;a idOlhla

jQfha mej;s wd.ñl wdh;k yqÿ j;a

ms,sfj;aj,g iSud ù tys fldgqúh' ta

wdh;ksl jHQyhka ck Ôú;hg w¾:

hla iemhSug wfmdfydi;a jQy' ck;dj

tu wdh;kj,ska wE;a jkakg úh' ;u

wd.ñl wdh;kj, mßmd,k lghq;=j,

olajk Wkkaÿj ck;djf.a wfmalaIdjka

y÷kdf.k Bg m%;spdr ±laúug wd.ñl

wdh;k wfmdfydi;a jQy' ck;dj tjeks

wd.ñl wdh;kj, ÿgqfõ ysia njls'

flfia fj;;a úoHdj ;dlaIKsl

ÈhqKqj yd kQ;klrKh wd§hg ukqIH

Ôú;fha ishü wjYH;djhka iïmQ¾K

lsÍug yelsfõ hhs is;=jo th wid¾:

l ùuhs' nqoaêuh ±kqug" úoHdjg yd

;dlaIKsl ÈhqKqjg ukqIHdf.a Ôú;fhys

meK k.sk .eUqre wjYH;djhka jk

Ôú;hg f;areula yd mrud¾:hla

fmkaùug yelsjQfha ke;' fuu ;;a;ajh

uQ,O¾ujdoh ìysúug tla idOlhla jQfha

h' f.da,Sh wd¾:slh ;=< we;slr we;s

jHikhka ksid f,dal ck.ykafhka

nyq;rh wdka;Sl lrKhg hg;a jQy'

fuu ;dlaIKh fukau ishü iïm;a

ksIamdokh lsÍug ñ,shk .Kka ck;dj

fjfyiqko wjidkfhaÈ tys m%fhdackh

nqla;s ú¢kakg wjia:dj ,enQfha b;d

iq¿ msßilg muKS' ck;dj È.ska

È.gu mSvdjg ,la jQy' Ôú;h .eg

.y.kakg Tjqkag l%uhla i;= jQfha

ke;' Tõyq ú¢k wd¾Òl yd Ydßßl

mSvdj wjidkfha§ udkisl mSvdjla

njgo m;ajQy' fndfyda fldgia hï lsis

ú.,s;Ndjh njlska yd ysia njlska

fmf,kakg jQy' ;dlaIKh yd úoHdj wo

úYd, oshqKqjla ,nd ;snqko fï h:d¾;h

f;areï f.k ke;' ck iuQyhd ;ju;a

ñ;Hdjka ;=< Ôj;ajk nj wmg olskakg

;sfí' fï ksid úúO j¾.fha ls;+Kq

uQ,O¾ujd§ wd.ï iqj fufyhka hd{d

fufyhka iajrEmhka f.k YS>%fhka

ckm%sh jkakg úh' túg ukqIHhd

mj;sk wd.ñl wdh;k u. yer ;uka

úiskau foúhka fidhd hdug mgka .;ay'

l=vd lKavdhï jYfhka tlaù lKavdhï

idudðlhkag Woõ lr.ksñka .sh tu

.uk uQ,O¾u lKavdhï ìysùfï yd

tys j¾Okfha wdrïNh úh' uQ,O¾ujdoS

wd.ïj, ,laIK(

• ls;=Kq uQ,O¾u jd§ ,laIK

úúO uQ,O¾u jdohhka mj;sk neúka

tla ks¾jpkhla §ug wmyiqh' kuq;a

ir,j lshf;d;a hï lsis u;jdohl fyda

úYajdihl t,anf.k kQ;kfha n,mEï

bÈßfha jQjo tjd lsis úgl fjkia

fkdlr th wl=rgu ms<smÈñka ðj;a

ùu hhs lsj yel' by; woyi meyeÈ,s

lsÍug ls;=Kq wd.ñl uQ,O¾u jdofha

iajNdjhka lSmhla f.kyer ±laúh

yelsh'

nhsn,Sh jpkh fyda foaj jpkh

nhsn,fha i|yka lr we;s wdldrfhkau

foúhkaf.a y~ hhs ls;=Kq uQ,O¾ujdÈyq

úYajdi lr;s' lsisúgl foaj jpkh

fjkia l< fkdyelsh' lsisúgl tys

jrola ;sìh fkdyel' tu ksid tajd

wl=rg ms<smeÈh hq;=fõ' iïm%odhka

fjkia lsÍug uQ,O¾ujd§ka ±ä

wlue;a;la olaj;s' zzfndaka tf.akaZZ

ls;=Kqjka tjeks lKavdhuls' ueo

fmrÈ. bia,dóh uQ,O¾ujd§yq ;u

zzIdÍhdZZ kS;sh wl=rg ms<mÈ;s'

ldka;djka .eko b;d miq.dó ;ekl

isá;s' Tjqkaj f.org muKla iSudlrk

.;dkq.;sl ld¾hka muKla mjr;s'

foaYmd,kh Tjqkag wlem lr we;'

kS;shg msgqmd ,sx.slj yeisfrk

ldka;djkag .,a .id urd ±óu

isÿjkafka ta ksidfjks'

uQ,O¾ujd§yq ;uka yer fjk;a

flfkla ksjerÈ fõ hhss Tõyq fkdis;;s'

fjk;a wd.ï jerÈ hhs mji;s' ;uqka

muKla ksjerÈ hhs is;k neúka Tõyq

W;aidy .kafka wkqka ksjerÈ lrùuh'

fmdÿfõ .;a l, uQ,O¾ujdoSka fjk;a

flfkl=f.a u;hlg lsishï wdldrfha

újD; njla fkdolaj;s' tajd hlaI

n,fõ.hka hhs i,l;s' tneúka Tõyq

ixjdohlg iQodkï fkdue;' iuyr

uQ,O¾ujdoSyq b;d .eUqßka ;u m%cdj f.a

whs;Ska fjkqfjka ueÈy;aù foaYmd,k

;,fhys ls%hdldÍfõ' kuq;a ;u ck

fldgia fjkqfjka muKla fmkS isáfï

m%jk;djhla Tjqka ;=< we;' tu ksid

cd;sjd§ yd wd.ïjdÈ ,laIK Tjqka ;=<

±lsh yelsh' bkaÈhdfõ zzwd¾h iudchZZ

Bg tla WodyrKhls' cmdkfha zzksÑrka

fIdaIZZ ;j;a tlls' ,xldfõ isxy,

fn!oaO uQ<O¾ujd§ka o Bg iudk lula

olajhs' tu ,laIKh ls;=Kq lKavdhï

w;ro hï m%udKhl olskakg we;'

zzls;=Kq fy< WreuhlaZZ .ek wo iuyr

ls;=Kqfjda Wkkaÿ fj;s'

fudjqyq fndfydaúg idOdrKh keu;s

wd.ñl jákdlu uq,alrf.k ;u

m%cdjf.a whs;Ska fjkqfjka igka

lr;s' cd;sjdoh ;=<ska fyda wd.ïjdoh

;=<ska fyda iudch ;=< talrdYSùula

we;s lr .ekSug yels jqjfyd;a ;uka

±kg ú¢kakdjQ wNsfhda.hka ch

.ekSsug we;s fydou Wmdh ud¾.h

fõ hhs Tõyq is;;s' uQ,O¾ujdoSkaf.

úúO uqyqKqjrhka we;' iuyr ls;=Kq

lKavdhï Okh /ialsÍug Wkkaÿ fj;s'

Tõyq fndfydaúg fhfokafka Okjd§

foaYmd,kfhysh' weußldfõ frdk,aâ

f¾.kaf.a ue;sjrKhg iydh ÿkafka

fujeks lKavdhula fõ' iudcjdoh

ñ;Hdjla nj;a th hlaIhskaf.a ls%hdjla

nj;a Tjqyq fmkaj;s' wksla iuyre hd{d

n,fhka f,vqka iqjlr;s'

lf;da,slhka w;r tjeks ,laIK

olskakg ;snqks' 1980 § weußldkq

ckdêm;s frdk,aâ f¾.ka ckdêm;s

moúhg f.k taug W;aidy .;a

lKavdhu idka; f*a ys§ meje;ajQ

iïuka;%Khl§ mjid ;snqfka

fldñhqksiaÜjd§yq úuqla;s foaj O¾uh

yryd lf;da,sl iNdj ;u lghq;=j,g

fhdod .kakd njo" tys ls;=Kqlug jvd

fldñhqksiaÜ O¾uh we;s neúka úuqla;s

foaj O¾uh ,;ska wußldj ;=< mrdch

l< hq;= njh' tu ksid frdk,aâ f¾.ka

fojeks cqjdï mdjq¿ mdma jykafia iu.

tlaj úuqla;s foaj O¾uh u¾Okh lsÍfï

iu.s jev ms<sfj,la we;s lr .;ay' fuu

jljdkqfõ§ j;sldkq mßmd,kh u.ska

n%iS,fha yd mSrEys ro.=re uvq¿ fj;

úfYaI n,mEï Wkajykafia t,a, l<y'

foajO¾udpd¾hjrhl= jQ f,kd¾fvda

fnd*a hï wdldrhl u¾Okhg

Wkajykafia úiska ,la l<y' tmuKla

fkdj miq.dó mqoa.,hka ro.=rejreka

jYfhka m;a l<y' fudjqkaf.ka

fndfyda fofkla zz´mqia fâhSZZ keu;s

lf;da,sl iNdfõ uQ,O¾ujd§ yd

m%;s.dó ro.=rejrekah' zz´mqia fâhSZZ

keu;s wdh;kh lf;da,sl iNdj fojeks

nhsn,Sh jpkh fyda foaj jpkh nhsn,fha i|yka lr we;s wdldrfhkau foúhkaf.a y~ hhs ls;=Kq uQ,O¾ujdÈyq úYajdi lr;s' lsisúgl foaj jpkh fjkia l< fkdyelsh' lsisúgl tys jrola ;sìh fkdyel' tu ksid tajd wl=rg ms<smeÈh hq;=fõ' iïm%odhka fjkia lsÍug uQ,O¾ujd§ka ±ä wlue;a;la olaj;s' zzfndaka tf.akaZZ ls;=Kqjka tjeks lKavdhuls' ueo fmrÈ. bia,dóh uQ,O¾ujd§yq ;u zzIdÍhdZZ kS;sh wl=rg ms<mÈ;s' ldka;djka .eko b;d miq.dó ;ekl isá;s' Tjqkaj f.org muKla iSudlrk .;dkq.;sl ld¾hka muKla mjr;s' foaYmd,kh Tjqkag wlem lr we;' kS;shg msgqmd ,sx.slj yeisfrk ldka;djkag .,a .id urd ±óu isÿjkafka ta ksidfjks'


29 28

(Globalisation)

uka;%K iNdfõ m%.;sYS,s mshjrhka

wdmiq yerùug fjfyi jkakdjQ Okjd§

yd olaIsKdxYSl foaYmd,k oDIaÀhla we;s

n,fõ.hls'

fuu ;;a;ajhka fufia isÿfjñka

mj;soa§ f¾.ka ,;ska weußldkq rgj,

tkï kslrd.=jdj yd t,a ie,ajfoda¾

ys úuqla;s ldñka urd ±ófï jev

ms<sfj,l fhÿkdy' tmuKla fkdj

uQ,O¾ujd§ ñIKdßjreka f;d. jYfhka

f¾.ka úiska ,;ska weußldjg hejQy'

.=jdgud,dfõys uQ,O¾ujd§ ckdêm;s

ishü lf;da,sl f.dùka

;ukaf.a i;=rka hhs is;+y' fndfyda

fofkl=kj úuqla;s ldóka hhs i,ld

urd ouQy'

iuyr uQ<O¾ujd§ka foaYmd,k jHqyhka

ieliS ;sfnkafka ukqIHdf.a u;hka

yd jqjukdjka yryd neúka tajd ìo

oud ;u foúhkaf.a b.ekaúï u; isg

kej; ielish hq;= hhs mji;s' brdkfha

wd.ñl kdhl l=fïks tjeks W;aidyhla

1978-80 ±Íh' W;=re wms%ldkq rgj, yd

ueo fmros. tjeks bia,dóh uQ,O¾ujd§

n,fõ.hka oelsh yel' BY%dfh,ays cqod

uQ,O¾ujdoh we;' Tõyq muKla fkdj

ls;=Kq iNdj, o tjeks m%jk;djhka

we;' weußldfõ rIavQñ keue;a;d tys

m%cd;ka;S%h wdh;k ì| oud nhsn,h u;

kej; f.dv ke.Sug l%shdl<y' BY%dh,h

;=<;a bkaÈhdfõ yskaÿ fldgia ±kg

tjeks W;aidyhka .ksñka isákq ±lsh

yel'

fmdÿfõ .;a l< Tõyq kQ;k lrKhg

úreoaO fõ' kuq;a kQ;kh flfrys

újD; njla olajk ls;=Kq lKavdhï

kj úoHd;aul fidhd.ekSï ksid tkï

nhsn,Sh yeoEÍï ufkdaúoHdj úoHdj

wÈfhys n,mEï ls;=Kq O¾ufhys yrhka

f;areï .ekSug w;sYhska rel=,la ú we;s

nj ms<s.ks;s' Tjqkaf.a u;h jkafka

ls;=Kq b.ekaùfuys yrhka fjkia

fkdjqko tajd bÈßm;a lsÍfï§ iudc

ikao¾Nhkag .e,fmk wdldrhkag

wkqj fjkia ùug iqodkï njh' kuq;a

uQ,O¾ujd§ka Bg ±ä úfrdaOhla olaj;s'

• iudc n,mEu

Tjqkaf.a b.ekaùï u.ska ukqIH Ôú;h

wl%sh lrùu Tõyq fmkakqïlrk

;j;a úfYaI ,laIKhlss' ueùug yd

.e,ùfï l%shdjg yjq,a ùug ukqIHd

;=< we;s Yla;shg wjÈlrùula tu.ska

isÿjkafka ke;' hd{d lsÍu yer Ôú;

.eg¿ ch .ekSug ;uka úiska l<hq;=

ld¾hla we;ehs fndfyda uQ<O¾ujd§yq

úYajdi fkdlr;s' ;ukag wjYH ish,a,

foúhkaf.ka ,efí' ta ksid l< hq;=j

we;af;a hd{dlsÍu muKS' tla uQ<O¾ujdÈ

fldgila mqoa.,fhl= wiksmjQ úg

ffjoH m%;sldr fkdlr hd{dfjys

muKla fhÈ isáfï ms<sfj;la wkq.ukh

lrhs' fujeks ;;a;ajhla ;=< ukqIHhd

úiska Ôj;aùug ;u Y%uh fhoùug

wjia:djla fkd,efí'

tu ksid iaj¾.h tkï tf,dj .ek

muKla n,dfmdfrd;a;=j ;eîug

;u ie±yej;=kaj Tõyq fhduq lr;ss'

fuf,dj hym;a lr .ekSu i|yd

fuf,dj Ôú;fhaÈ mSvKfhka f;drj

iuDêu;a meje;aula .;lsÍu i|yd

iïm;a idOdrKj fnod yod .ekSug

ukqIHhka fj; mejfrk iudÔh j.lSu

Tjqka u.yßk njla fmfkkakg we;'

Èjeisjrekaf.a iudc idOdrK;ajh

yd hqla;sh ms<sn|j b.ekaùï flfrys

Tjqkaf.a wjOdkh fhduqjk njla

fkdfmfka' ñksia iajNdjh ;=< mj;sk

mdmh fkdfyd;a wl=i, fkdfyd;a

;kaydj ms<snoj Tjqka ;=< we;af;a

b;d mgq wdl,amhls' mõ isÿlrkakkag

foúhkaf.ka meñfKkakg hk o~qju

.ek ìhla ukqIHhd ;=< we;s lr;s'

o~qjñka ñ§ug foúhka weoySug

ukqIHhska le|j;s' fudõyq mdmh

olskafka mqoa.,sl Ôú;fha isoaêhla fyda

isoaê ud,djla jYfhka muKS' mdmfha

iudÔh iajNdjh fkdfyd;a zzjHQyd;aul

mdmhZZ h:d¾:hla nj

ms<s.kq fkd,efí' tu ksid iudc

jHQyhka fjkia lsÍug ukqIHd mjrd .;

hq;= j.lSu Tjqyq fkdols;s' Tjqkag wkqj

.e,ùu mqoa.,sl l%shdjla muKls' hqla;sh

yd idOdrK;ajh O¾ufha flakaøSh

b.ekaùula nj uQ<O¾ujd§yq ms<s

fkd.ks;s'

tjeks oDIaáhla ;=< ukqIHhska msysgqjd

;eîfuka tkï ck;dj tf,dj .ek

muKla is;Sug fhduq lsÍfuka o"

fuf,dj Ôú;h yqÿ hd{djg isud

lsÍfuka o" jdish ,nkafka fmdÿ iïm;a

;ksfhka nqla;s úÈk Okm;s iq¿;rh

muKs' ish¨ ukqIHhskaf.a .e,ùu

.ek ish¨ ukqIHkag j.lSula we;s

nj ish¨ wd.ñl Ydia;%Djre W.kajd

we;' uq¿ úYajhgu ohdj ±laúu ish¨

wd.ï ukqIHdj fhduq lr we;' tneúka

cd;sjdohg fyda f.da;%sl jdohg fyda

wd.ï jdohg O¾uh ;=< lsisúgl bvla

fkdue;' lsishï if;l=g fyda .y

fld,lg fyda ysxikh we;s lsÍug

O¾uh wjir fkdfoa' kuq;a foaYmd,k

;,fhys fhfok iuyr uQ,O¾ujdÈyq

;u O¾ufha kdufhka ;u wruqKq

bgq lr.ekSug ysxikh fhdojd.kakd

wdldrh wms ±l we;af;uq' wksl=;a

wd.ñl wdh;k lvd ì| oeóu yd mQcl

yd meúoaokag mjd uer m%ydr t,a, lrk

lKavdhï wo ,xldfõ mjd olskakg

we;' fuu ,laIKhka fldf;la ÿrg

O¾uhg tlÕo hkak u;=jk nrm;,

.eg¿jls'

tu ksid iaj¾.h tkï tf,dj .ek muKla n,dfmdfrd;a;=j ;eîug ;u ie±yej;=kaj Tõyq fhduq lr;ss' fuf,dj hym;a

lr .ekSu i|yd fuf,dj Ôú;fhaÈ mSvKfhka f;drj iuDêu;a meje;aula .;lsÍu i|yd iïm;a idOdrKj

fnod yod .ekSug ukqIHhka fj; mejfrk iudÔh j.lSu Tjqka u.yßk njla fmfkkakg we;' Èjeisjreka f.a iudc

idOdrK;ajh yd hqla;sh ms<sn|j b.ekaùï flfrys Tjqkaf.a wjOdkh fhduqjk njla fkdfmfka' mdmfha iudÔh

iajNdjh fkdfyd;a zzjHQyd;aul mdmhZZ h:d¾:hla nj ms<s.kq fkd,efí' tu ksid iudc jHQyhka fjkia lsÍug

ukqIHd mjrd .; hq;= j.lSu Tjqyq fkdols;s' Tjqkag wkqj .e,ùu mqoa.,sl l%shdjla muKls' hqla;sh yd idOdrK;ajh

O¾ufha flakaøSh b.ekaùula nj uQ<O¾ujd§yq ms<s fkd.ks;s'

, ir;a boaou,af.dv msh;=ud


29 28

uQ,O¾ujd§ l%shdldrlï ms<sn|j

úúO u;

fndÿ n, fiakdj msysgqùfï

mrud¾: l=ulao hkak lshd

weiqfjd;ska Tn;=udg mejish yelafla

l=ulao@

wjqreÿ 2500 l wfma Wreuh fï rfÜ

úfYaI iïnqoaO Ydikh;a" fn!oaO

ixialD;sh;a" isxy, cd;sh;a fï wjqreÿ

2500 mqrdu tlg ne¢,d wdmq rgla' tal

wúÉýkakj È.gu mej;Sf.k wdjd' úúO

wdl%uK bkaÈhdfjka meñKsh;a hï hï

wjia:djkaj,§" hqfrdamSh cd;slhka

furg w,a,df.k wjqreÿ 500 la ú;r

isáh;a ta nqÿoyu;a fn!oaO ixialD;sh;a

tjlg ysgmq f.!rjkSh yduqÿrejka

jykafia,d Èú ysñfhka wdrCId l<d'

mqrdjia;= wdÈh' ,xldfõ yeu;eku

y;rÈ.a Nd.fhau wmsg olskakg

,efnkafka fn!oaO Wreuh" fn!oaO

mqrdjia;= yefrkakg fjk;a ls%ia;shdks

fyda bia,dï tjeks fohla furg ;=<

olskak ,efnkafka keye' yskaÿ

fldaú,la tfyu olskakg ,enqKdg

b;ska fïjdg úYd, jYfhka ydks

isÿfjñka nqoaO ixialD;sh úkdY lsÍu;a"

nqÿ oyu úkdY lsÍfï uyd l=uka;%K fï

rg mqrdu Th kdñl ksoyiska miafia

ls%hd;aul jqkd' ta wkqj úYajdi lrkafka

wfma rfÜ isxy,-fn!oaO kdhl;ajh ÿka

NsCIqka jykafia,d ke;s lrkak NsCIq

wOHdmkhg myr .eiSu ;uhs uq,skau

lf<a' wfma ;sìÉp úfoHdaoh" úoHd,xldr

jeks uy msßfjka úYaj úoHd, njg

m;alr,d .syshkag .e,fmk

wOHdmkhlg ta whj fhduq lr,d tod

b|,d yduqÿrejkag /lshd W;amdokh

we;s lr,d fï isjqre w;yer hk ;ekg

jev lghq;= ie,eiaùu wfma Ydikfha

úYd, ì|jeàula' ta ksid úYd, jYfhka

mkai, jefykak mgka .;a;d' ta jf.au

±k W.;a yduqÿrejre fï rfÜ ojiska

oji ysÕfjkak mgka .;a;d' Bg wu;rj

taflau l=uka;%Kj, yeáhg fï rfÜ

miq.sh ldf,a nqÿjre" ffu;S% nqÿjre"

ud¾.-M,,dNSka lsh,d fï wjqreoaolg

folg biafi,a,d isjqre od.;a; hï hï

lKavdhï rg mqrdu ñksiaiq rjÜgñka

lghq;= l< fï rfÜ tal yefudau

okakjd' B<Õg nqÿyduqÿrefjda ,xldfõ

bmÿkd lsh,d ta úÈhg nqÿoyu yE,a¨jg

,la lsÍug ;uhs fï yeu lghq;a;u

jdf.a wruqK jqfka' fïjd n,df.k

j.lsj hq;= wh miq.sh ld,h mqrdu

ysáhd' ta jf.au ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§

lKavdhï 400 la ú;r rg mqrdu b|f.k

hï hï jrm%ido §,d ÿmam;alu tfyu;a

ke;skï fjk;a fjk;a wvqmdvq

m%fhdackhg wrf.k ta ls%ia;shdks

uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhïj,g yrjkak

mgka .;a;d' bia,dï uQ,O¾ujd§

lKavdhï weú,a,d ta whf.a ud¾.fhkao

úYd, jYfhka .ïj, bkak ldka;djka

lido ne|f.k bvlvï §,d tfyu

ke;skï ld¾hd, fiajd ia:dkj, jevg

wrf.k" fï wh úúOdldrfha ¥IKhkag

,lalr,d uqia,sï wd.ug .ekSu isoaO

jqkd' ta jf.au fn!oaOhkaf.a Wreuhka

jk wfma fm!rdKsl ia:dkhka kef.

kysr m%foaYfha fvdai¾ lrkak mgka

.;a;d' b;ska fïjd weye-lk mshdf.k

foaYmd,k{fhda fjkak mq¿jka wksl=;a

j.lsj hq;= .sys-meúÈ ish¨fokdu bkak

w;s mQcH lsru úu,fcda;s ysñ zfndÿ n, fiakdZ ixúOdkfha iNdm;s

tA wh wfma fn!oaOhska tA tA wd.ïj,g yrjkjd

nqÿyduqÿrefjda;a fndfydau iu.sfhka tod bkaÈhdfõ ;snqKq yeg .Kkla m%Odk wd.ï tlal fndfydau iqyoj Ôj;a jqkd'

wms;a fufy miq.sh ld,fha Ôj;a jqkd' kuq;a tA wh wfma fn!oaOhska ta ta wd.ïj,g yrjkjd' úúO foaj,a nf,ka

wmsg ljkjd' fï isxy, fn!oaO rg' wjqreÿ 2500 ;=< ke;sjQ foaj,a w¨;ska y÷kajd fokjd' fï tkafka fudldgo lshk nj ´kEu flfkl=g f;afrkjd' ta nj fmkajd§ula

;uhs lrkafka' we;a; jYfhkau iqyoj ta wh fï rfÜ bkak ´fka mqrjeisfhda' wks;a ishü cd;Ska wms;a tlal iqyoj Ôj;a fjkak ´fka' wms ljodj;a l%sia;shdks flfklaj;a

uqia,sï flfklaj;a wfma nqoaOd.ug yrjd .;af;a keye' ta ksid taf.d,af,d;a tal lrkak tmd' tal ;uhs wms lshkafka'

t;fldg iqyo;ajh ì¢kafka wms fkdfjhs' ta whhs'


3130fj,dfõ ixúOdkhla yeáhg wms fndÿ

n, fiakd ikaOdkh wdrïN lf<a ta

fjkqfjka y~la k.kak' l;d lrkak

t<shg neye,d wehs fï wmrdO fjkafka@

tfyu ke;skï wkd.; mrmqr wmsg idm

lrdú' fï rg yefrkakg wms okakjd

wfma b;sydih wrf.k ne¨jdu ta

fn!oaO rgj,g fjÉp foaj,a' bkaÈhdj

wjg ;sìÉp fn!oaO rgj,a ishhg ishhla

fn!oaOfhda ysgmq' ta fn!oaO kgnqka

;ju;a ;sfhk uef,aishdj" bkaÿkSishdj"

ud,Èjhsk jeks rgj,aj, fjÉp foaj,a

wms ±lald' ta fjÉp foaj,a fï rgg

fkdfjhs lshkak mq¿jka lula keye fï

hk fõ.fhka' wmsj miqniaidf.k

isxy, cd;sh j¾Okh wvq lr,d" mqxÑ

mjq, r;a;rka lsh,d" mjq,la <uhl=g

fofokl=g iSud lr,d" tl me;a;lska

isxy, ck.ykh wvq lrkjd' wks;a

me;af;ka j| Ndjh úYd, jYfhka Th

LRT ie;alï u.ska tl me;a;lska

ls%hd;aul lrkjd' <Õ§ 30"000 la .íid

lrk fnfy;a f.kdfõ ljodj;a fjk

cd;shlg fokak fkdfõ wfma isxy,

fn!oaO ldka;djkag fokak' b;ska fï

yeu fohlskau tl me;a;lska j|

lrkjd' wksla me;af;ka n, lrkjd

<uhs yokak tmd lsh,d tlaflkd

fokakd' biamsß;d,j,g .shdu ;j;a

me;a;lska lshkjd iajNdúlj

yïnfjkak mq¿jka <ufhla fodia;r,dg

mjd ta fjkqfjka hï hï jrm%ido fok

njg ±k.kak ,eì,d ;sfnkjd' yeu

<ufhl=u isfiaßhka ie;alulg Ndckh

lr,d ;uhs <uhl= .kafka t<shg'

iajNdúlj ,enqfkd;a <uhs jeäfhka

yïnfjkak mq¿jka' iSi¾ lr,d .;a;du

<uhs fokakhs .kak mq¿jka' fï úÈfha

úYd, l=uka;%K rg mqrdu yeu fCIa;%h

;=<u ls%hd;aul fjkjd' ta ksid fndÿ

n, fiakdj wdrïN lf<a ta fjkqfjka

l;d lrkak - fmkS isákak'

tu mrud¾: idCId;a lr.ekSu i|yd

wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk l%ufõo

fudkjdo@

wms ixúOdkhla ñilaj;a wmsg kS;suh

n,hla keye' wmsg .sys,a,d kS;sh w;g

wrf.k lghq;= lrkak n,hla keye'

kuq;a wms uyck;dj ±kqj;a l<d'

uyck;dj ±kqj;a lrkak ysáhdg miafia

uyck;dju weú,a,d wmsg úYd,

jYfhka f;dr;=re imhkak mgka .;a;d'

±ka kS;s úoHd,h .;a;du kS;s úoHd,fha

±ka weu;sjrfhla bkafka' uqia,sï cd;sl

weu;sjrfhla' tal b;du;au wudrefjka

mdia fjkak ´fka úNd.hla' biair 25]

la fyda 30] la mdia jqfka isxy, fn!oaO

<uhs' kuq;a ±ka 1] hs isxy, <uhs mdia

fjkafka' 25] l m%udKhla mdia fjkafka

ta whf.a <uhs' fï jf.a wmsg úYd,

jYfhka háka uyd ¥IK isxy,

fn!oaOhdg tfrysj' ;j wjqreÿ y; wgla

tfyu ta úÈhg .shd kï fï rfÜ

kvqldrjre" kS;s{jre" kS;s yok wh

ish,a,lau uqia,sï cd;slfhda' fïl ;uhs

fïf.d,a,kaf.a wruqK' b;ska fïjd

fjkqfjka ksy~ fkdù wms l;d l<d'

l;d lr,d hï hï whj weyefrõjd'

B<Õg NGO ixúOdk folla u.ska

fldaá .Kka uqo,a úhoï lr,d ,xldfõ

yeu;eku ojilg 30 la 40 la wfma

ldka;dfjda LRT me;a;g fhduql<d' wms

ta fjkqfjka fmkS isg,d lE.y,d wrjd

fïjd l<d' ta jf.au mqrdúoHd wxYj,g .

sys,a,d ta n,Odßka bkak ;ekg .sys,a,d

f>daId lr,d wfma ffp;Hh nq,afvdai¾

lrkjd' uqia,sï m,a,shla ls%ia;shdks

m,a,shla fvdai¾ l<fyd;a fudlo

fjkafka@ b;ska wmsg fïjd n,ka

bkak neye' wfma Wreuh úkdY lrkjd'

ta fjkqfjka fmkS ysákak lsh,d wms

b,a,d ysáhd' fïjd we;a; jYfhka wfma

jerÈ' ta whf.a jerÈ fkdfõ' ta wh

úYd, iS>%fhka wd.u m%pdrh lrñka

wmf.a isxy, fn!oaOhska yrjñka ta

lghq;= lrkjd' wfma j.lsj hq;= wh

bkakjd' fuys b;du;au lK.dgqodhlj

;sfhkafka ta j.lsj hq;= wh kdñlj

fmkS isáñka ta ;ekaj, bkakjd ñila

jpkhla fï .ek l;d lrkafka keye'

fn!oaOfhda wirK fj,d bkakjd'

úfYaIfhka fn!oaO NsCIqjg kdhlfhla"

uQ,ia:dkhla ke;s wrdðl ;;a;ajhla

;sfhkjd' fïjd wms l;d l<d t<sfha'

óg wu;rj fï fn!oaO rfÜ

miq.sh ojiaj, fírej, fydag,hl

rd;%sfha nqoaO nd¾' nqÿyduqÿrejkaf.a

mska;+rh ueoaog ;sh,d tal jfÜ fnda;,a

;sh,d úials n%ekaä wrjd fïjd ;sh,d'

tal nqoaO nd¾ lsh,d kï lr,d ;snqKd'

B<Õg tod äk¾ tlg odmq nqf*a tl

ks¾jdk nqf*a' wehs fï wmydi lrkafka@

ojiska oji wmsg yïn fjkjd hg

we÷ïj,g" hgg w¢k fn%ish¾j,g

wrjd fïjd nqÿyduqÿrejkaf.a mska;+r

fldgdf.k weú,a,d fï rg ;=<

jevm,l yokjdo okafka keye' ke;skï

msgrgl isg yo,d f.kajkjdo okafka

keye' tajd yeu;eku fnod yßkjd'

b;ska fïl n,df.k bkak mq¿jkalula

ke;s ksid wms fï .ek ls%hd lrkak

l;d lrkak mgka .;a;d'

Tnjykafiaf.a ixúOdkfha ls%hdldrlï

ms<sn|j u,aj;=-wia.sß md¾Yjhkaj, uy

kdysñjre fukau ff;%hs ksldhsl uyd

kdysñjrekaf.a m%idohg ,laù

;sfnkjdo@

wms uq,skau .sys,a,d uyd kdhl

yduqÿrefjda yïnjqkd' uyd kdhl

yduqÿrefjda yïnfj,d l;d l<d' b;ska

uyd kdhl yduqÿrefjda lsõjd fyd|hs

fïl lrf.k hkak lsh,d' wms hï hï

foaj,a lsõjg rchg kslï îß w,shg

ùKd .dhkd lrkjd jf.a wdKavq

ls%hd;aul fjkafka keye' NsCIq

wOHdmkh úYd, jYfhka lvd jeá,d

;sfnkjd' ta fjkqfjka hï hï ls%hdud¾.

.kafka keye' oyï mdi,a wmsg neß jqkd

fï fn!oaO rfÜ nqÿ oyu /lald hhs

lshk rfÜ bßodg oyï mdi,g <uhs ál

f.kajd .ekSug áhqIka ál k;r lr.

kag' áhqIka mka;s k;r lr.kak

neßjqkd' fmdah oji ksjdvq ojila jqkdg

mkai,g <uhs ál f.kajd .kag áhqIka

mka;s k;r lr.kak neßjqkd' tjeks

;;a;ajhl ;uhs fï wms bkafka' wfma

wkd.;fha§ fï fjkqfjka fmkS isákak

ls%hd lrkak wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd'

rgg cd;shg ta yduqÿrefjda wdorh

lrkjd kï wms lrf.k hk

jevms<sfj,g ta wh leue;shs'

Tnjykafiaf.a ixúOdkh ms<sn| rg ;=<

ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï 400 la ú;r rg mqrdu b|f.k hï hï jrm%ido §,d ÿmam;alu tfyu;a ke;skï fjk;a

fjk;a wvqmdvq m%fhdackhg wrf.k ta ls%ia;shdks uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhïj,g yrjkak mgka .;a;d' bia,dï uQ,O¾ujd§

lKavdhï weú,a,d ta whf.a ud¾.fhkao úYd, jYfhka .ïj, bkak ldka;djka lido ne|f.k bvlvï §,d tfyu ke;skï ld¾hd, fiajd ia:dkj, jevg wrf.k" fï wh úúOdldrfha

¥IKhkag ,lalr,d uqia,sï wd.ug .ekSu isoaO jqkd' ta jf.au fn!oaOhkaf.a Wreuhka jk wfma fm!rdKsl ia:dkhka kef.

kysr m%foaYfha fvdai¾ lrkak mgka .;a;d' b;ska fïjd weye-lk mshdf.k foaYmd,k{fhda fjkak mq¿jka wksl=;a j.lsj hq;= .sys-

meúÈ ish¨fokdu bkak fj,dfõ ixúOdkhla yeáhg wms fndÿ n, fiakd ikaOdkh wdrïN lf<a ta fjkqfjka y~la k.kak'


3130

úúO u;jdo mj;skjd' ta w;r Tn

ixúOdkh uQ,O¾ujd§ ixúOdkhla

tfia;a fkdue;skï fn!oaO wka;jd§

l,a,shla ta jf.au j¾;udk rcfha

wkq.%yh ,nk ixúOdkhla nj;a

lshefjkjd' fï u;jdo ms<sn|j

Tnjykafiaf.a woyi l=ulao@

wms ta whg fodia lshkafka keye' wms

uQ,O¾ujd§ fyda wka;jd§ lKavdhula

fkdfõ' fï rfÜ tl fn!oaO fmd;la

;snqfKa keye' uu ;kshu ;s%msglh"

fn!oaO fmdf;a wgqjd wrjd fïjd ilia

l<d' kuq;a rg ;=< ls%hd;aul jk

foaj,aj,g ixúOdkd;aulj ls%hd;aul

fjkjd yefrkakg wms ljodj;a

nkskafka keye uqia,sï whg' uqia,sï

whg;a wms fodia lshkafka keye' kuq;a

wfmau whghs wms fodia lshkafka jeämqr'

wfma .sys-meúÈ whg ;uhs fodia

lshkafka' wms ;=< uQ,O¾ujdohla keye'

wfma cd;sh fjkqfjka" wfma wd.u

fjkqfjka wms fmkS isákjd' ta wh;a

fmkS isákjdfka' uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï

400 la ú;r NGO ixúOdk wfma

fn!oaOfhda ls%ia;shdkslrKhg"

uQ,O¾ujd§ wd.ïj,g yrjoa§ wms l;d

lsÍu tal cd;sjdohla fkdfõ' tal wd.

ïjdohla fkdfõ' tal wfma hq;=lu' tod

iqoafoda fï rg md,kh lrk ld,fha

wfma yduqÿrejre tal l<d' ta ksid ;uhs

ta wjqreÿ 500 l muK ld,hla mqrd 3] l

muK m%udKhla ls%ia;shdks wd.ug .kak

mq¿jka jqfka'

wo bkak wh ks¾úkaokh lr,d

;sfhkjd hï hï jrm%ido §,d' ;uka .

ek ys;k" rg .ek fkdys;k úYd, .sys-

meúÈ msßila ;uhs wms olskafka' wfma

fïl wfma rg wfma cd;sh wfma

fn!oaOfhda lshk ;ekg jvd uu Ôj;a

jqfkd;a we;s lshk ;ek fndfyda .sys-

meúÈ wh bkak nj fmakjd'

foaYmd,k{fhda;a t;ek bkak nj

fmakjd' ta whg Wmfoia fok wh;a ta

;ekaj, fufya bkak wjqreÿ 5" 6 yïn

lrf.k hkak lghq;= lrk njla

fmakjd' ta ksid wms uQ,O¾ujd§ka

yeáhgj;a" wms wks;a whg ffjr lsÍula

fkdfõ lrkafka' fmkajd §ula lrkafka'

B<Õg fï ixúOdkhg wdOdr fok wh .

ek ´fka flfkl=g ´fka fohla lsj

yelshs' wmsg kï i;hlaj;a ldf.kaj;a

,efnkafka keye' NGO fyda msgrglska

fyda wdKavqfjka fyda wmsg i;hlaj;a

yïnfj,d;a keye'

,laÈj nqÿ iiqk iqrCIs;j mj;ajdf.k

hdug ;sfnk ndOl fudkjdo@

m%Odku ndOlh ;uhs nqÿyduqÿrejka f.a

O¾ufha ;sfnk yrh jákdlu fï

fY%aIaG wd.u oyu .ek ck;djg W.

kajk jevms<sfj,la ke;sùu' ta msßfjka

wOHdmkh iïmQ¾Kfhka lvdjeá,d

;sfhkafka' m%Odku foa tal' NsCIqka

jykafia,d tfyu ysáhdkï W.;a rgg

wdorh lrk" cd;shg wdorh lrk

iïnqoaO Ydikh wdrCId lrk mkai,a

ÈhqKqjg muqKqjñka .ug kdhl;ajh

foñka ta lghq;= ál lrkak mq¿jka' tal

lvd ±ïud' lvdjeá,d ;sfnkjd' ±ka tal

/lshdjla i|yd úIh ud,djlg úNd.

lrk" úNd. l%uhla ;snqfKa keye'

nqÿyduqÿrefjda úNd. mdia lr,do

nqoaO;ajh ,nd .;af;a@ keyefka' nqÿka

jykafiag tfyu úNd. keyefka' ta

l%uhlg f.kdjd fï iqoaokaf.a

wjYH;djh u;' wksl oyï mdie,a ál

iïmQ¾Kfhkau <uhskag tmd fjk

úÈfha ta fm<fmd;a wd§h ilia lr,d

;sfhkjd' B<Õg .ïj, mkai,a

;sfhkjd 10"000 la ú;r' m%Odk k.

rj,g ;sfnk mkai,aj,g ldf.a;a

wjOdkh fhduq fjkjd ñila uQ,ia:

dkj,hs hï hï n,;, ;sfnk

foaYmd,kh lrk yelshdjla ;sfnk

;ekaj,g hkjd ñila wr ÿmam;a .ïuq

bkak mkai,aj,g fudkjdo ;sfhk

wvqmdvq@ ta yduqÿrefjda odkh j<|kjdo@

O¾u Yd,dj leä,o@ fydaodmd¨ fj,do@

fudkjo ;sfhk n,mEï@ ljqo .ug

weú,a,d bkafka@ fï .ek lsis flfkla

fydh,d n,kafka ke;=j talg lshkak

´fka uyd mõldrfhda' wksjd¾hfhkau

wmdfha hk WmfoaYlfhda ;uhs ±ka

jeämqr bkafka' fydh,d n,kjd kï .ï

uÜgñka msßfykafka keye' iuyrúg ta

yduqÿrefjda jerÈ wh wdY%h lsÍu ;=<ska '''

m%Odku fya;=j ;uhs ta j.lsh hq;= ta

;ekaj, bkak kdñl kdhl;ajh .;a;

fyda WmfoaYljre bkak ld,lKaks

mõldrfhda fï .ek fidh,d fkdn,mq

tl' ta wh wmd.; fjk mdm l¾uhla

;uhs ta lrkafka' fudlo Ydikh

msßfykak §,d Tlafldu n,fõ.j,g

rg ;=< ls%hd;aul fjkak bv §,d wr

;ekaj,g fj,d b£ú' tal uyd mdm

l¾uhla'

Y%S ,xldj ;=< lf;da,sl iNdj" ls%ia;shdks

uKav,hg wh;a ls;=kq iNd iy

tjekac,sia; ls%ia;shdks iNdj,

l%shdldÍ;ajh ms<sn|j fndÿ n, fiakdfõ

ú.%yh l=ulao@

wms idïm%odhsl ls%ia;shdks whg ljodj;a

úreoaO keye' lf;da,sl" fm%df;ia;ka;"

tjekac,sia; jf.a wd.ï fï rg ;=<

;snqKd' ls%hd;aul jqkd' ta ksldhka w;r

fNaohl=;a we;af;a keye' uu ys;kjd ta

whg;a m%Yakhla fj,d ;sfnkjd hï hï

uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï wka;jd§

uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï fï rg ;=<

weú,a,d bkakjd' tajd fï lsis j¾.hlg

whs;s keye' ta wh ;uhs fï rg ;=<

<uhskaf.a T¿ krla lrkafka' fmdä

WodyrKhla .;af;d;a tl orefjla fï

.u ;=<u fouõmshkaf.ka wE;a lr,d ta

wd.ug wrka T¿j krla lr,d' wd.ñka

whska l<d' fï úÈhg wfma

ixialD;sfhkqhs" wd.fukqhs"

iodpdrfhkqhs" foudmshkaf.kqhs wE;a

lr,d uyd msiafida f.dvdla yokjd'

fïjd n,df.k bkakjd j.lsj hq;= wh'

ta jf.au bia,dï Nla;slhskaf.a yd yskaÿ

Nla;slhskaf.a ls%hdldrlï ms<sn|j

Tnjykafiaf.a woyi ljf¾o@

bia,dï wd.u idïm%odhdkql+,j wjqreÿ

1000 l muK wdikak ld,hla wms;a

tlal fndfydau fyd¢ka Ôj;a jqkd' kuq;a

ta wh hï hï n,fõ.;a tlal n,mEï

tlal úYd, jYfhka ueo

fmrÈ.ska tk uqo,a tlal wrdì rgj,ska

tk uqo,a mdúÉÑ lr,d fïf.d,af,da

úYd, jYfhka wfma ;sfnk bvlvï

ñ,§ .ksñka' fï rfÜ kS;shla ;sfnkjd

tl .Ekshs tl ñksyg .kak mq¿jka'

kuq;a wd.ñl m,a,sj, kS;s od,d

;sfhkjd W,udjrekaf.a ixúOdk y;r

fofklaj .kak mq¿jka lsh,d' fï iEu

fn!oaOfhda wirK fj,d bkakjd' úfYaIfhka fn!oaO NsCIqjg kdhlfhla" uQ,ia:dkhla ke;s wrdðl ;;a;ajhla ;sfhkjd' fïjd wms l;d l<d t<sfha' óg wu;rj fï fn!oaO rfÜ miq.sh ojiaj, fírej, fydag,hl rd;%sfha nqoaO nd¾' nqÿyduqÿrejkaf.a mska;+rh ueoaog ;sh,d tal jfÜ fnda;,a ;sh,d úials n%ekaä wrjd fïjd ;sh,d' tal nqoaO nd¾ lsh,d kï lr,d ;snqKd' B<Õg tod äk¾ tlg odmq nqf*a tl ks¾jdk nqf*a' wehs fï wmydi lrkafka@ ojiska oji wmsg yïn fjkjd hg we÷ïj,g" hgg w¢k fn%ish¾j,g wrjd fïjd nqÿyduqÿrejka f.a mska;+r fldgdf.k weú,a,d fï rg ;=< jevm,l yokjdo okafka keye' ke;skï msgrgl isg yo,d f.kajkjdo okafka keye' tajd yeu;eku fnod yßkjd' b;ska fïl n,df.k bkak mq¿jkalula ke;s ksid wms fï .ek ls%hd lrkak l;d lrkak mgka .;a;d'


32fohskau n,dfmdfrd;a;=

fjkafka ck.ykh jeä lrkak ta

whf.a' idïm%odhsl uqia,sï whf.ka

fkfuhs' ta wh wms; tlal fndfydau

iqyoj bkakjd' wmsj weú,a,d

yïnfjkjd' wka;jd§ uQ,O¾ujd§

uqia,sïldr lKavdhï ;uhs Ißhd kS;s

ud¾.fhka hï hï foa y÷kaj,d §,d

y,d,a fjkak mq¿jka ta jf.a lghq;=

lrkafka' b;ska wms ta fjkqfjka l;d

lrkjd' fmkS isákjd' wms uqia,sï

wd.ug úreoaO keye' uqia,sï wd.fï wh

wkjYH úÈhg m,a,s yokjd fï rfÜ'

úYd, jYfhka uqia,sï m,a,s yokjd'

tfyu ´fka keye' fï bkak 10]

ck.ykhg mkai,a m%udKhgu m,a,s;a

yodf.k hkjd' fï whf.a wruqK wmsg

meyeÈ<shs ;j wjqreÿ 30 la 40 la 50 la

.shdg miafia taf.d,af,da fld;ekgo

tkafka lsh,d' wkak ta ksid wfma

idïm%odhsl uqia,sï fyda ls%ia;shdks fyda

fou<" fou< ñksiaiq;a fï rfÜ

idïm%odhslj ysáhd' ;%ia;jd§kag T¿j

Wiaikak ;uhs fï uQ,O¾ujd§

lKavdhï NGO ixúOdk wo;a l;d

lrkafka' ±ka wmg úreoaOj l;d lrd' ta

m%;sixúOdkh ;%ia;jd§ka fou< ñksiaiq'

yskaÿ-fou< wh fndfydau fyd|g

bkakjd' ta yeu flfklau fldá

ixúOdkhg iïnkaO keye' taf.d,af,da

yß ms<sl=f,ka yd yß nfhka ysáfha' ta

ñksiaiq ;uhs hqoaOfha§ úYd, jYfhka

ÿla úkafoa' fldá ;%ia;jd§ jf.a tajdj,g

wms úreoaOj l;d lrkjd yefrkakg

idudkH fou< ñksiaiq tlal wmsg lsis

m%Yakhla keye'

nqÿ n, fiakdj tla;rd wdldrhlg

ck;dj w;r idlÉPdjg ,lajqfka y,d,a

iy;slh ksl=;a lsÍug tfrysj f.k .sh

m%pdrl jHdmdrh ksid njg lshefjkjd'

y,d,a iy;slh ,nd§ug tfrysj lghq;=

lsÍfï wjYH;djh Tnjykafia olskafka

flfiao@

tal ;uhs taf.d,a,kaf.a Wml%uh' W,ud

lshk ixúOdkh ;uhs ta foaj,a lrkafka'

wms f,dalfha wks;a rgj,a .;a;du 5]

jqkdu taf.d,af,da okakjd fukak fï

foaj,a fï rg ;=< ls%hd;aul lrkak

´fka' 10] la ;sfhkfldg fukak fï

fï foaj,a 10] la ;uhs y,d,a tkafka'

y,d,a tkjd Bgmiafia Ißhd kS;sh

f.k,a,d ;j ;j foaj,a y÷kajd fokjd'

b;ska wmsg lshkafka ksy~j bkak

lsh,d' y,d,a lshkafka fn!oaOfhda

yeáhg ñ:HdoDIaÀl Ydia;Djrfhl=g mQcd

lrmq fjka lrmq ta fjkqfjka lem lrmq

wdydr' b;ska fï rfÜ bkak ;ju;a jeä

ck.ykhla bkak wks;a wd.ñlhka

wks;a cd;slhka nf,ka leõjd' tal wms

fmkak,d ÿkakd' wehs wmsg nf,ka

ljkafka@ wms Th O¾upl%h .efyõfõ

keyefka' tfyu ke;skï nqÿms<sfï

fldgila ±ïfï keyefka' wfma nvqj,

fufyu .ykak lsh,d' wehs fïjd

y÷kaj,d fokafka@ l,ska ysáhd jf.a'

l,ska fï ñksiaiq lEjdfka fïjd' fï

rfÜ' uqia,sï cd;slfhda fï ;sìÉp tajd

lEjd' Th y,d,a ,dxPkh ke;=j' Bg

wu;rj tal we;=f,a úYd, l=uka;%Khla

;sfnkjd' yok yeá ksIamdokh lrk

yeá fydhd.kakjd wfma

l¾udka;ldrhka fn!oaOfhda fndfydau

wudrefjka jÜfgdare fidhd .;a;d' tajd

fïf.d,af,da .sys,a,d fydhdf.k

taf.d,af,d;a yokjd' fïjdfha Form tl

b|,du i,a,s §,d .kak ´fka' wksl hï

hï kS;s;a odkjd' Blackmail lrkjd

jf.a lrkjd' ta jf.au wjqreÿ m;d

fïjdg f.jkak;a ´fka' fïfla ;sfnk

je/oao fïfla ;sfnk Nhdkllu fï

wkd.;fha fldfyduo fï tkafka lshk

tl wms uyck;djg fmkaj,d ÿkakd'

b;ska uyck;dj talg wjÈ jqkd'

uqia,sïjre rg fn§fï jHdmdrhl fh§

isák njg;a Bg tfrysj ls;= n,

fiakdjla f.dv k.df.k fndÿ n,

fiakdj iu. tlajk f,i uyr.u

/iaùul§ fld<U w.ro.=re ld¾Èk,a

ue,alï rxð;a ysñmdKkag újD;j

wdrdOkd lrkq ,enqjd' uqia,sïjre rg

fn§ug lghq;= lrk njg ms<s.; yels

idCIs rg ;=< ±kg olskakg ;sfnkjdo@

Th widoa id,s uy;auhd <Õl§

w;awvx.=jg wrka ;snqkd' thd miq .sh

ue;sjrKfha§ thd ú;rla fkdfjhs

wêlrK weu;s rjq*a ylSï ta f.d,af,da

iïmQ¾Kfhkau cd;sjdohla wjqiai,d

;uhs Pkaoh lf<a' foaYmd,kh lf<a' Bg

wu;rj wmsg uqia,sï whf.kau ±k.kak

,enqKd fï whf.a orefjda wrf.k

.sys,a,d fi!È wrdìfha mlsia;dkfha hï

hï mqyqKqùï lr,d weú,a,d fï rfÜ

f,dafla ;sfnk wks;a ;%ia;jd§

lKavdhïj, fï rfÜ ±ka kef.kysr

m%foaYh w,a,df.k' fldákag;a Wjukd

jqfka rgu w,a,kakfka' W;=re kef.

kysrg l%udkql+,j .y,d fï rgu w,a,d

.ekSug ;uhs' taf.d,a,kaf.a;a tjeks

n,dfmdfrd;a;= we;s' wysxil isxy,fhda

fï ;sfhk lreKdj" ffu;S%h" ohdj

wysxilj f;areï wrf.k tod

bkaÈhdfõ§ .y,d ur,d fldg,d mqÉp,d

±ïud jf.a wksla rgj,È;a l<d jf.a ±ka

fufy;a tal lrhs' wms ksy~j

ysáhfyd;a' b;ska ta ksid uyck;djg

lshkjd ck.ykh ±ka wvqùu" mqxÑ mjq,

r;a;rka lshkjd jf.a Th .sks fndaf,a

.s,skafka ke;=j y;r miafofkla

yokak' wks;a tl bvï wkai;=lrKh

ms<sn| fmdâvlA oymdrla ys;kak'

ljodj;a fn!oaOhskaf.a bvï ÿkafkd;a

tal ljodj;a isxy,fhl=g ljodj;a

yïnfjkafka keye' ta ksid bvï wdrCId

lr.kak' tal uyd mskalula'

mrïmrdfjka wdmq bvï' fïjd ms<sn|j;a

wks;a tajd ms<sn|j;a wms ±kqj;a

lrf.k hkjd'

wkH wd.ï iïnkaOfhka lghq;= lsÍu

iïnkaOj nqÿoyu ;=< ;sfnk b.ekaùu

l=ulao@

ifydaor;ajh" iu.sh" wms iu.sfhka'

nqÿyduqÿrefjda;a fndfydau iu.sfhka tod

wms ixúOdkhla ñilaj;a wmsg kS;suh n,hla keye' wmsg .sys,a,d kS;sh w;g wrf.k lghq;= lrkak n,hla

keye' kuq;a wms uyck;dj ±kqj;a l<d' uyck;dj ±kqj;a lrkak ysáhdg miafia uyck;dju weú,a,d wmsg

úYd, jYfhka f;dr;=re imhkak mgka .;a;d' ±ka kS;s úoHd,h .;a;du kS;s úoHd,fha ±ka weu;sjrfhla

bkafka' uqia,sï cd;sl weu;sjrfhla' tal b;du;au wudrefjka mdia fjkak ´fka úNd.hla' biair 25] la fyda 30] la mdia jqfka isxy, fn!oaO <uhs' kuq;a ±ka 1] hs isxy, <uhs mdia

fjkafka' 25] l m%udKhla mdia fjkafka ta wh f.a <uhs' fï jf.a wmsg úYd, jYfhka háka uyd ¥IK isxy,

fn!oaOhdg tfrysj' ;j wjqreÿ y; wgla tfyu ta úÈhg .shd kï fï rfÜ kvqldrjre" kS;s{jre" kS;s yok wh ish,a,lau uqia,sï cd;slfhda' fïl ;uhs fïf.d,a,ka f.a wruqK' b;ska fïjd fjkqfjka ksy~ fkdù wms l;d l<d'

l;d lr,d hï hï whj weyefrõjd'


33

bkaÈhdfõ ;snqKq yeg .Kkla m%Odk

wd.ï tlal fndfydau iqyoj Ôj;a jqkd'

wms;a fufy miq.sh ld,fha Ôj;a jqkd'

kuq;a ta wh wfma fn!oaOhska ta ta

wd.ïj,g yrjkjd' úúO foaj,a nf,ka

wmsg ljkjd' fï isxy, fn!oaO rg'

wjqreÿ 2500 ;=< ke;sjQ foaj,a w¨;ska

y÷kajd fokjd' fï tkafka fudldgo

lshk nj ´kEu flfkl=g f;afrkjd'

ta nj fmkajd§ula ;uhs lrkafka' we;a;

jYfhkau iqyoj ta wh fï rfÜ bkak

´fka mqrjeisfhda' wks;a ishü cd;Ska

wms;a tlal iqyoj Ôj;a fjkak ´fka'

wms ljodj;a l%sia;shdks flfklaj;a

uqia,sï flfklaj;a wfma nqoaOd.ug

yrjd .;af;a keye' ta ksid taf.d,af,d;a

tal lrkak tmd' tal ;uhs wms lshkafka'

t;fldg iqyo;ajh ì¢kafka wms

fkdfjhs' ta whhs'

nqÿoyu iqrCIs; lsÍu fmr±ßlrf.k

isxy, rdjh yd rdjKd n,ldh hkd§

kïj,ska ;j;a fn!oaO ixúOdk ,laÈj

;=< ls%hd;aul fjkjd' tu ixúOdkj,

ls%hdldrlï ms<sn|j fndÿ n, fiakdfõ

wdl,amh l=ulao@

wfma wruqK kï wr ál' wms okafka

keye ta whf.a wruqK fudllao lsh,d'

tal msgqmiafia foaYmd,kh ;shkjdo

lsh,d' wms ljrodj;a foaYmd,kh

lrkak fyda ;sfhk wdKavq fmr,kak

fyda ;j;a wdKavqjla f.fkkak wms

lghq;= lrkafka keye' wms okafka keye

wks;a bkak n,ldhkaj, ixúOdkj,

há wruqKq fudkjdo lsh,d' iuyrúg ta

wh;a wms l;d lrk foaj,au ta wh;a

l;d lrkjd' iuyr fj,djlg bÈßhg

.sys,a,d" wmsg;a jvd bÈßhg .sys,a,d hï

hï lghq;= lrkjd' wks;a wd.ñlhkaf.a

ys;a ßfok foaj¨;a' wms tajdg leue;s

keye' wfma wruqK isxy, cd;sh;a

nqoaOd.u fjkqfjkq;a lghq;= lsÍu"

fmkS isàu' bka tydg wfma lsisu

wruqKla keye'

ls%ia;shdks yd uqia,sï m,a,sj,g myr§ï

60 la muK miq.sh udi 6 l ld,h

we;=,; jd¾;d fjkjd' fï myr§ï

msgqmi fndÿ n, fiakdfõ wkq.%yh ,eî

;sfnkjdo@

´l iïmQ¾K fndrejla' wfma ffp;Hh

lShla kï nq,afvdai¾ lr,d ;sfhkjd'

nq,afvdai¾ .sys,a,d kef.kysr m<df;a

;sfhk tajd kï n,kak mq¿jka

mska;+rj,skq;a' Th iïmQ¾K fndre

m%jD;a;s wrf.k fï f,dalhg fok tl

;uhs fï ñksiqkaf.a jefâ' yqÕdla

uqia,sï rgj,aj, iyfhda.h .kak'

ls%ia;shdks rgj,aj, iyfhda.h .kak

fufya m,a,sj,g .ykjd lsh,d'

ljodj;a fndÿ n, fiakdj tl .,a

leghla fldfyaj;a ùis lr,dj;a tfyu

lr,d keye' kuq;a wr fn!oaOfhda

fjkqfjka hïlsis ixúOdkhla we;sjqkdu

tal lvdlmam,a lrkak" tal ke;s

lrkak úúO l=uka;%K' ±ka wo ;sfnk

úúO udOH Wmfhda.s lrf.k Facebook fjkak mq¿jka Internet fjkak mq¿jka

fjk fjk úoaHq;a udOHj,skq;a fï

isxy,hd fn!oaOhd úkdY lrk tlu

;uhs úYd, jYfhka ±ka l=uka;%Kh

flfrkafka' yeu m,a,shlu /iaùï

Èkm;d ;sfnkjd' i;sm;d ;sfnkjd'

isxy, cd;sh ke;s lrkafka fldfyduo

fï wd.u ke;s lrkafka fldfyduo@

fïl wdl%uKh fldfyduo@ úfoaYSh

n,fõ. tlal,d fïfla fjk;a rdcHhla

we;s lrkafka fldfyduo@ wfma keye'

wfma tfyu ixúOdkhla keye' wfma

;sfnk wysxil;ajh" lreKdj" ffu;%Sh"

ish¨ i;ajfhda ksÿla fj;ajd lsh lshd

weg ál .Kka lr lr bkak ;sfhk

tl ;uhs ta f.d,a,ka lshkafka' tfyu

ysáfhda;ska iuyrúg wmsg;a bkak

mq¿jka Th yqÕdla yduqÿrejre bkakjd

jdf.a yqÕdla Th WmfoaYljre bkakjd

jf.a' wkd.; mrmqr wksjd¾hfhkau wo

Ôj;ajk fï whg idm lrkjd'

wd.u uq,alrf.k rg ;=< jHdma; ù

;sfnk fndfyda ixúOdkj, ls%hdldrlï

fya;=fldgf.k wka;¾ wd.ñl

iqyo;djh mqmqrd hdfï ;;a;ajhla olakg

,efnkjd' ta ;=<ska wd.ñl hqoaOhla

we;sù 30 jirl hqoaOfhka mSvd ú¢ Y%S

,xldj ;j;j;a w.dOhlg weo oukq

,nk jgmsgdjla rg ;=< f.dv kef.ñka

;sfnkjd' fï ;;a;ajhla ms<sn|

Tnjykafia olskafka flfiao@

wms l=Íre hqoaOfha ;snqKq wksis ÿla

lïlfgd¿ fyd¢kau ±lald' wjfndaO jqkd'

fndaïn m;a;=fjkjd' tjeks ;eklg

ljodj;a wfma isxy, fn!oaOfhda fhduq

lrkafka keye' isxy, whg wms nek nek

lshkafka WU,f.a orefjda ál wdrCId

lr.kska' u;al=vq f.akafka fjk wh' fï

u;al=vq .kak tmd' tajd f.k,a,d wfma

tjqkag fmdjkafka oy crd ishü

jevj,ska wfma fn!oaOfhda wdrCId

lr.kak' wfma idrO¾u msßys,d ;sfhkjd'

wms hqoaOhlg hkafka keye' ta i|yd wms

wkqn, fokafka keye' ta wh iuyrúg

tfyu hqoaO lrkak is;df.k bkakjdo

okafka keye' Th úÈhg wr wka;jd§

lKavdhï" uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï mqyqKq

lr,d f.fkkafka' tfyu f.fkkak

mq¿jka' fldá ixúOdkh lf<a tal'

ls%ia;shdks ixúOdkj,g kï wr jf.a

uQ,O¾ujd§ wka;jd§ fouõmshkaf.ka wE;a

lr,d wd.fuka wE;a lr,d wkd.;fha

fudk úÈfha hqoaOhlg f.k tkak

yokjdo okafka keye' wfma keye tfyu

tlla' fn!oaOfhda ljodj;a tfyu

hqoaOhlg hkakj;a wjYH;djhla keye'

fïl wfma Wreuh' wfma rg' iuyr wh

uykais .kakjd fïl i¾jd.ñl rgla

lrkak' 2600 jeks iïnqoaO chka;s

W;aijhg i¾jd.ñl rgla lrkak' tfyu

lshkafka keye' uqia,sï rgj, bia,dï

ßmí,sla T*a (Islam Republic of) lsh,hs

mgka .;af;a' ls%ia;shdks rgj,;a tfyuhs'

fï wjqreÿ 2500 wms mj;ajdf.k tk

nqÿoyu' fïl fn!oaO rgla' lshkak fï

ld,lKaks mõldrfhda iuyr NsCIqka

jykafia,dhs iuyr .sys whhs wlue;s

fj,d ;sfnkjd' i¾jd.ñl jqkdg fmdÿfõ

wks;a wh;a bkakjd' fmd,aj;a; we;=f,a

fmdä fmdä fnda. ;sfnkjd' kuq;a talg

lshkafka fmd,aj;a; lsh,d' fïl isxy,

fn!oaO rg' wjqreÿ 2500 hs' tal lshkak

ue,sùu;a ´jd y÷kajd §u;a áflka ál

,xù tkak isxy,luhs fn!oaOd.uhs ke;s

lr,d fï rg taf.d,a,kaf.a foaYhla

lr.kak'

wms l=Íre hqoaOfha ;snqKq wksis ÿla lïlfgd¿ fyd¢kau ±lald' wjfndaO jqkd' fndaïn m;a;=fjkjd' tjeks ;eklg ljodj;a wfma isxy, fn!oaOfhda fhduq lrkafka keye' isxy, whg wms nek nek lshkafka WU,f.a orefjda ál wdrCId lr.kska' u;al=vq f.akafka fjk wh' fï u;al=vq .kak tmd' tajd f.k,a,d wfma tjqkag fmdjkafka oy crd ishü jevj,ska wfma fn!oaOfhda wdrCId lr.kak' wfma idrO¾u msßys,d ;sfhkjd' wms hqoaOhlg hkafka keye' ta i|yd wms wkqn, fokafka keye' ta wh iuyrúg tfyu hqoaO lrkak is;df.k bkakjdo okafka keye' Th úÈhg wr wka;jd§ lKavdhï" uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï mqyqKq lr,d f.fkkafka' tfyu f.fkkak mq¿jka' fldá ixúOdkh lf<a tal'


34

miq.sh jljdkqj ;=< wd.ñl

uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhï wd.ñl

wka;jd§ lKavdhï f,i furg ;=<

ls%hd;aul jQ njla fmkS .shd' fuu

;;a;ajh Tn;=ud cd;sh taldnoaO lsÍfï

wud;H;=ud f,i olskafka flfiao@

wd.ñl wka;jd§ lKavdhï ;uka

wka;jd§ lKavdhï yeáhg olskafka

keye' ta jf.au wd.ñl fNaoldÍ

;;a;ajhla we;sjk wdldrfha

oafõYiy.; m%ldYk lsÍug Tjqka miqng

jkafka;a keye' ,xldfõ oKav kS;s

ix.%yfha 15 jk mßÉfþofha fï i|yd

kS;s m%;smdok n,meje;afjkjd' ta wkqj

hï wd.ñl wkkH;djhg ixfõ§;djhla

we;s lrjk l=ms;jk yeÕSï u.ska

fkdikaiqka;djhla we;s lrjkafka

kï fjk;a ck lKavdhula" wd.ñl

ck lKavdhula flfrys th jrola'

th o~qjï ,eîh yels jrola' Bg wod<

j.ka;s lsysmhlau ta 15 jk mrÉfþofha

;sfnkjd' tu kS;s-Í;s ls%hd;aul lsÍu

ms<sn| m%Yakhhs ;sfnkafka' ±ka wksl=;a

fndfyda kS;s Í;s jf.au jrolrejkag

jf.au iellrejkag kS;sh ls%hd;aul

lsÍfï j.lSu ;sfnkafka fmd,Sishg'

kS;sh yd iduh /lSfï j.lSu ;sfnkafka

fmd,Sishg'

hï kS;shla oKav kS;s ix.%yfha

wmrdOhla yeáhg y÷kajk jrola

l<fyd;a ta ms<sn| kS;sh ls%hd;aul

lr ta iellrejka j.W;a;rlrejka

m%Odk wêlrKh bÈßmsgg le|ùu

fpdaokd m;% bÈßm;a lsÍu l< hq;af;a

fmd,Sishhs' we;a;gu fmd,siam;s;=ud ta

.ek m%ldYhla lr,d ;sfnkafka' ±kg

udihlg muK fmr ûd¾;= ui& Tyq

miqng fjkafka keye lsh,d kS;sh

ls%hd;aul lrkak wjia:djla we;s

jqfkd;a' fln÷ wjia:djlao@ wms kej;;a

f;areï lr .kak ´fka hï wd.ñl

fldgilf.a ck fldgilf.a yeÕSï

l=ms;jk ;ukaf.a wd.ñl wkkH;djh

ixfõÈlu' wd.ñl ck fldgila

flfrys oafõYhla we;s lrjk úÈfha

m%ldYk fïjd ;uhs j.ka;sj,ska jerÈ

yeáhg fmkakqï lr,d ;sfhkafka' tajd

wmrdO yeáhg y÷kdf.k ;sfhkjd'

ls%ia;shdks tjekac,sia; iNdjkag yd

uqia,sï m%cdjg úreoaOj ±ä wd.ñl

ffjrhla uqod yeÍu;a hï hï fn!oaO

lKavdhï úiska isÿlrkq ,nkjd'

ta iïnkaOfhka wdKavqj ksy~j

isàu;a ta ;=<ska wdKavqj fn!oaOd.ñl

lKavdhïj,g wkq.%yh ,ndfok njg

lsishï wdldrhl cku;hla f.dvke.S

;sfnkjd' ta ms<sn|j Tn;=udf.a woyi@

tjeks cku;hla we;sùu uu ys;kafka

idOdrKhs' ta cku;h yßo@ jerÈo@

lshk tl fjku tlla' kuq;a ta

cku;h we;sùug idOdrKhla ;sfnkjd'

ta lshkafka oKav kS;s ix.%yfha 15 jk

mßÉfþofha wmrdO yeáhg y÷kajk

m%ldYk yqjd olajk" lrmq hï lKavdhï

bkakjd' hï mqoa.,hska" msßia bkakjd'

iduqyslj ta wmrdO lsÍfï ksr;jQ nj;a

wms okakjd' ta wjia:dj,§ Tjqkag

úreoaOj fmd,Sisfhka kS;sh ls%hd;aul

fj,d keye' ta fkdùu tla;rd úÈhlg

Tjqkag wkqn,hla ÿkakd hhs lshk

idOdrK ks.ukhg uyckhdg taug

th fya;=jla ù ;sfnkjd' kuq;a wdKavqj

Bg jvd l,amkd lrkak we;af;a tfyu

ks.ukhla hï ck fldgia w;r ;snqK;a

fï m%Yakh Wv wmrdO kvq f.dkq lr,d

oKav kS;s ix.%yfha ;sfnk fï wd.ñl

fNao" wd.ñl oafõYh" wd.ñl ffjrh

we;s lrjk m%ldY iïnkaOfhka kvq

f.dkq lr,d Tjqkag úreoaOj ls%hd

lrkak hEfuka m%Yakh ;j;a úÈhlg

fï rfÜ W;aikak ùug fkdue;s kï

j¾Okh ùug fya;=jk ls%hdoduhla

we;sfõú lsh,d rcfha hï fldgia w;r

;snqKd fjkak we;s' ta ksid fjkak we;s

fmd,Sish fï iïnkaOfhka ls%hd;aul

fkdlf<a'

t;fldg fn!oaO wd.ñl lKavdhïj,g

úreoaOj wdKavqj kS;s ls%hd;aul lr,d

Tjqkaj wmrdO kvqj,g pQÈ;hka

njg m;a l<fyd;a ta yeu kvqjlau

tla;rd úÈhlg fï lKavdhïj,g

fõÈldjla fjkjd' tu.ska ta whg

tla;rd m%udKhl ;j;a f.kshk fï

ls%hdldÍ;ajhg keUqre lr.ekSu i|yd

m%fhdackhg .kak mq¿jks' ta ksid tajd

hgm;a lrkak;a ta ls%hdoduhka hï

wdldrhlg kej; we;sùu j<lajkak;a

tn÷ lKavdhï hï m%udKhlg ixjr

lrkak" wdKavqfõ n,Odßfhla ls%hd;aul

ù ;sfnk nj fmakjd' uE;ld,Skj

tjeks m%ldYhka isÿjQ tjeks m%ldYhka

lrkq ,enQ j;djka úr, ùug mgkaf.k

;sfnkjd' thska fmkakqï lrkafka talhs'

ta ksid ux ys;kafka wdKavqj ta wdldrhg

ls%hd lf<a ta ldrKdj fya;=fldgf.khs'

wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ uQ,sl whs;sjdislï

hgf;a ;sfnkjd ´kEu wd.ula weoySfï

ksoyi yd woyia m%ldYkfha ksoyi

;sfnk njg' kuq;a tjekac,sia; iNdjka

iu. wm lrk ,o iïuqL idlÉPdj,§

ta whf.a woyiaj,g wkqj jegyS

.sfha ta whf.a m,a,s ,sxhdmÈxÑ lsÍug

wjldYhla keye' ta jf.au tu wh

f.a wd.ñl ia:dkhla f.dvke.S ug

hdfï§ fndfyda kS;s-Í;sj,g uqyqK

§ug isÿjk nj;a úfYaIfhka m%dfoaYSh

iNdfjka wjir .ekSu" fn!oaO lghq;=

.re jdiqfoaj kdkdhlaldr ue;s;=ud rdcH NdId yd cd;sl taldnoaO;d wud;H

fï wd.ñl úrilh we;s lrk fldgia cd;sh f.dvke.Sug úYd, myrla

ljqre fyda fõjd wd.ñl weoySï ;u ;ukaf.a weoySï mj;ajdf.k hkjd' fjk;a wd.ñl weoySï mßNjhg ,lalsÍu fjk;a wd.ñl ms<s.ekSïj,g myr§u wfma ,xldfõ oKav kS;s ix.%yfha 15 jk mßÉfþoh hgf;a jrola' tal tl me;a;lska jrola' wksl wdpdr O¾uj,g wkqj th wdpdr O¾u ydkshla' ±ka fïjd b;d iq¿ lKavdhïj, jev' fïjd f,dl=jg wms Ndr.kak ´fka keye'


35flduidßiajrhdf.ka wjir .ekSu

hkdÈh i|yka lrkak mq¿jks' tf,i

fï jk úg ol=Kq m<df;a ;sfnk ta

whf.a foajia:dkj,ska fmd,Sish m%Yak

lrñka tajd ,shdmÈxÑ lr,do hk nj

úuikjd' tfia ,shdmÈxÑ fkdù ;sfnk

m,a,s ,shdmÈxÑ lrk f,ig n,lsÍïo

lrkq ,nkjd' ta jf.au miq.sh udi 6 l

ld,hla ;siafia úúOdldr myr§ïj,g

tu iNdj, foajia:dk ,lajqkd' tajdg

hqla;sh bgqùula ke;s nj;a Tjqka i|yka

lrkq ,enqjd' tf,iu lsishï wdldrhlg

Y%S ,xldj isxy, fn!oaOlrKhla lsÍug

jEhï lrk nj;a ta whf.a iNdjkaj,g

fï rg ;=< ls%hd;aul ùug bvla ke;s

nj;a ta wh i|yka lrkjd' fuu

;;a;ajh wka;¾ wd.ñl iqyo;djhg ±ä

ndOdjla fkdfõo@

Th m%Yakfha m<uqjeks fldgi ;uhs

fï rfÜ wd.ñl weoySïj,g bvla

úYadjdihkag ksoyila fyda whs;shla

;sfnkjdo wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka

mjik mßÈ' Tõ' ´kEu wd.ula woykak'

;ukagu wd.ula yod.kak;a whs;sh

;sfnkjd' ta wd.u ;ukag woykak;a

whs;sh ;sfnkjd' ;uka tal fldfyaj;a

,shdmÈxÑ fjkak ´fka keye' ;ukag

Wjukd wd.u ;uka fldfyaj;a

,sxhdmÈxÑ ´fka keye' ;uka ta wd.u

woykak m%isoaêfha lshkak;a ;ukag

mq¿jka' talg úreoaOj ldgj;a ls%hd

lrkak neye'

kuq;a fjfyr-úydr yokfldg" m,a,s-

mkai,a yokfldg" tfyu ke;akï

je÷ï-msÿï lrk ia:dk yokfldg

fï rfÜ kS;shla ;sfnkjd' ta kS;sh

;uhs ta i|yd wjir .; hq;=hs'

fNaoNskakj,g ;=vq fok ;;a;ajhka

j<lajkak' talg kS;shla ;sfhkjd' ta

lshkafka ta kS;sh ;uhs wmsg .sys,a,d

´kEu ;ekl fjfyrla yokak neye'

tfyu yokjdkï talg wjirhla

.kak ´fka' ta wjirh .kak ´kE

wd.ñl lghq;= wud;HdxYfhka' talg

;uhs wd.ñl lghq;= wud;HdxYhla

;sfnkafka' tafla ;sfhkjd ls%ia;shdks

wd.ñl fomd¾;fïka;=jla' ta jf.au

uqia,sï wd.ñl fomd¾;fïka;=jla' ta

fomd¾;fïka;= u.ska tal fidhd n,,d ta

ta wd.ñl foajia:dkj, fyda wd.ñl

ia:dkfha we;s lrkak fhdackd lrk

ia:dkfha wkque;shlska hq;=j ;uhs tal

we;s lrkafka' tfyu wkque;shlska

hq;=j we;s fkdlf<d;a túg tal kS;shg

mgyeksj we;slrmq isoaOia:dkhla

fjkjd' isoaOia:dkhla lshkafka ;ukag

ú;rla je÷ï msÿï lrk ia:dkhla

fkdfjhsfka' ;ukag yd ;uka jf.au hï

,íêhlg whs;s wh tl;=jk talrdYS jk

fjku wd.ñl lghq;= bgqlrk ;ek'

talg ;sfnkjd kS;shla' ta wkqj ls%hd

lrkak ´fka' ,shdmÈxÑh ú;rla fkdfõ

;sfnkafka'

we;a; jYfhkau wd.ñl wud;HdxYh

n,kafka ls%ia;shdks msßila bkak

;ekl ck.ykh úYd, jYfhkau

fn!oaO isoaOia:dkhla yeÿjd kï ta

;=<ska Woa.; úh yels ;;a;ajh i,ld

n,d ;uhs talg wjirh fokafka' ta

jf.au fn!oaOhska jeä msßila bkak

;ekl fjk;a wd.ñl ia:dkhla

yokak hkjd kï ta ksid we;s úh

yels iudc lïmkhka ms<sn| ie,lSula

±laùug ;uhs fï wd.ñl lghq;= ms<sn|

kS;sfhka ls%hd;aul fjkafka' ,shdmÈxÑ

lsÍu ú;rla fkdfjhs' myr§ï lr,d

;sfnkjd úúO wd.ñl ia:dkj,g' tajd

fndfyda fihskau ls%ia;shdks wd.fï w¿;a

ksldhka'

ta l%sia;shdks ksldhkag whs;s wd.ñl

je÷ï-msÿï ia:dkj,g myr§ï lr,d

;sfnkjd' ta isÿùï iïnkaOj fmd,Sish

ls%hdlr,d ;sfnkjd' fmd,Sish ksy~j

b|,d keye' ljqreyß lvdjeÈ,d ta

ia:dkfha hï fohlg ydks l<d kï

fmd,Sish tajd .ek idudkH kS;sh hgf;a

ls%hd lr,d ;sfnkjd' n,y;aldrfhka

lvdje§u ms<sn| ls%hd lr,d ;sfnkjd'

ta wh tajd fkdl<fyd;a ;ukag ls%hd

lrkak oKav kS;s ix.%yfha whs;shla

;sfnkjd' uf.a f.org n,y;aldrfhka

lvdjeÈ,d nvq uqÜgqj,g ydks lr,d

lsh,d ug hkak mq¿jka Widúhg

fmd,Sish uf.a kvqj bÈßm;a fkdl<;a'

talg ,xldfõ kS;sfhka ndOdjla keye'

tfyu kS;shg ta ldrKdj f.dkq lrd

kï fmd,Sish fhduq fkdl<d kï tfyu

lrkag ;ukag whs;shla ;sfnkjd'

t;ek§ fjkafka wd.ñl ia:dkhl

m%Yakhla fkdfõ' t;ek§ fjkafka

;ukaf.a ia:dkhg n,y;aldrfhka

we;=¿jqkd lshk m%Yakh' myr ÿkakdo

lshk m%Yak muKhs' wd.ñl ia:dkhlg

ydkshla lsÍu ms<sn|j kS;sh ;sfnkafka

wksjd¾hfhkau wr 15 jk mßÉfþofha

we;=<;a' ta 15 jk mßÉfþofha wd.ñl

ia:dk lshd lshkafka ms<s.;a wd.ñl

ia:dk' ms<s.;a wd.ñl ia:dk lsh,d

lshkafka §¾> ld,hla iïm%odhdkql+,j

mej;=kq wd.ñl ia:dk iy w¿;ska

wdrïN l<d kï ta wdrïN l< tajd

wkque;sh ,nd.;a tn÷ wd.ñl je÷ï-

msÿï ia:dk'

uqia,sï ck;djg tfrysj rg ;=< u;=

lrkq ,nk ffjrh iïnkaOfhka uqia,sï

ck;djf.a whs;sh fjkqfjka l;d lsÍu

fya;=fldgf.k yd ta iïnkaOfhka

±ä f,i lghq;= lsÍu ms<sn|j widoa

id,s kue;s foaYmd,k kdhlhd fï

jk úg w;awvx.=jg f.k ;sfnkjd'

ta iïnkaOfhka foaYSh yd úfoaYSh wh

úfrdaOh m< lr ;sfnkjd' ta w;r

lefkaähdkq w.ue;sjrhd;a isákjd'

ta uy;d;a Y%S ,xld rdcHfhka b,a,d

isákafka widoa id,s uy;d ksoyia lrk

f,ihs' fuu w;awvx.=jg .ekSu ms<sn|

Tn;=udf.a ú.%yh l=ulao@

uu ckdêm;s;=udg ,shqula heõjd'

widoa id,s uy;d foaYmd,k kdhlfhla

fï rfÜ' cd;sl uÜgfï kdhlfhla

fkfï' kuq;a foaYmd,k kdhlfhla'

±ka mCIhl=;a Tyq msysgqjdf.k ;sfnkjd'

Tyq w;awvx.=jg .kakfldg yqÕdla

ÿrg ys;kak ´fka' fudlo tal ´fka

úÈhlg w¾:l:kh lrkak mq¿jka

wdKavq úfrdaëka ksid w;awvx.=jg

.kakjd lshd' ;ukaf.a n,h fufyhj,d

wdKavq úfrdaëka ksy~ lrkak ls%hd l<d

Th m%Yakfha m<uqjeks fldgi ;uhs fï rfÜ wd.ñl weoySïj,g bvla úYadjdihkag ksoyila fyda whs;shla ;sfnkjdo wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka mjik mßÈ' Tõ' ´kEu wd.ula woykak' ;ukagu wd.ula yod.kak;a whs;sh ;sfnkjd' ta wd.u ;ukag woykak;a whs;sh ;sfnkjd' ;uka tal fldfyaj;a ,shdmÈxÑ fjkak ´fka keye' ;ukag ta wd.u woykak;a" m%isoaêfha lshkak;a ;ukag mq¿jka' talg úreoaOj ldgj;a ls%hd lrkak neye' kuq;a fjfyr-úydr yokfldg" m,a,s-mkai,a yokfldg" tfyu ke;akï je÷ï-msÿï lrk ia:dk yokfldg fï rfÜ kS;shla ;sfnkjd' ta kS;sh ;uhs ta i|yd wjir .; hq;=hs' fNaoNskakj,g ;=vq fok ;;a;ajhka j<lajkak' talg kS;shla ;sfhkjd' ta lshkafka ta kS;sh ;uhs wmsg .sys,a,d ´kEu ;ekl fjfyrla yokak neye' tfyu yokjdkï talg wjirhla .kak ´fka'


36

lsh,d' tal wmjdohla wdKavqjg' ta ksid

wdKavqj b;d meyeÈ<sj hqla;siy.; fya;=

hqla;shla fjkqfjka ;uhs B<Õ mshjrlg

hd hq;af;a' uu fï olajd lshjmq

mqj;am;aj, fyda ug olskak ,enqKq

ckudOHj, wdKavqjg tjeks

hqla;shla ±laùug mq¿jkalula fj,d

keye' uu olsk yeáhg' fudlo wo

md¾,sfïka;=fõ ^8$5$2013& Th m%Yakh

u;=jQ fj,dfõ w.ue;s;=ud ms<s;=re

foñka lsõjd bkaÈhdfõ iÕrdjlg Tyq

l< m%ldYhla .ek'

kuq;a ta iÕrdj tal jerÈhs lshd ksjerÈ

lrmq njg yqjudre jQ ,shqï lshqïo

;sfnkjd' ta iÕrdj;a ms<s.kakjd Tyq

m< lrmq ,smsfha hï fodaIhla ;sfnkjd

lsh,d' tal mokï lr.kak neye Tyq

w;awvx.=jg .ekSug' t;fldg B<Õg

120 lsh,d j.ka;shla ;sfhkjd oKav

kS;s ix.%yfha' thska lshefjkafka hï

iudc mka;Ska w;r .egqï we;s lrjk

flda,dy, ;;a;ajhla we;s lrjk thska

rdcH wia:djr lsÍug fya;=jk l%shdjka

l<fyd;a m%ldYhla l<fyd;a ta ms<sn|

ls%hd lrkak mq¿jka'

ta wkqj 120 hgf;a ls%hd l<d o~qjï

fokak mq¿jks' tal;a thd lr,d keye'

tfyukï tal ;%ia;jdoh j<lajk mk;

hgf;a ls%hd;aul lrkak fohla fkfï'

mka;Ska w;r flda,dy,hla we;s lrkak

ls%hd l<d fyda lshk tl fkdfõ ;j;a

;ekl lshefjkafka' ta wkqj ;j;a

;ekl lshefjkafka uqia,sïjrekag wú

wdhqO .kak fjkjdh

;ukaf.a whs;sjdislï wdrCId lr.kakg

bÈß ld,fha§ lshd Tyq lsõjd lsh,d'

Tyqu lsh,d ;sfnkjd thd tfyu lsõfõ

keye lsh,d' Tyq tfyu lsõjd lS nj wm

m< lsÍfï§ fodaIhla ;sfnkak mq¿jka

nj tu iÕrdj lshkjd' ta ldrKdj

t;ekska bjr fjkak ´fka lsh,hs uu

ys;kafka' tfyuhs ug fmakafka' b;ska

uu ckdêm;s;=udg ,shqul=;a ,sh,d uu ta

.ek lsõjd'

widoa id,s uy;d w;awvx.=jg .ekSfï

;SrKh .ek lreKdlr,d fï ish¨

lreKq ie,ls,a,g wrka t;=ud .ek

;SrKhla lrkak lsh,d' wks;a tl

t;=ud bkafka lEu îu fkdf.k' fïlg

úfrdaOh m< lsÍula jYfhka' t;fldg

wd.ñl ßoùï we;s lrjk oafõYh

jmqrk wd.ñl ckfldgia w;r .egqï

we;s lrjk wdldrhg oafõYiy.;j

m%ldY lrmq nj lshkjd kï th tkak

´fka 15 jk mßÉfþoh hgf;a' oKav

kS;s ix.%yfha 120 hg;a fkdfjhs' tafl

;sfhkafka mka;Ska w;r .egqï we;s

lrùu'

cd;Ska w;r taldnoaO lsÍfï

jevms<sfj,la Tn;=ud Èh;a lr ;sìh§

wd.ï w;r wo ±lSh yels úril

Ndjh Tn;=udf.a jevms<sfj,g l=uk

wdldrhlska n,mdkjo@

wms ,dxlSh cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï yd

W;a;=x. ld¾hfha kshe,S isákjd' ,dxlSh

cd;sh f.dvk.kakla kï ish¨ ckj¾.

h;a ish¨ wd.ñl ckfldgia" fï wh

w;f¾ taldnoaO;djh;a yd tlai;aNdjh;a

ta jf.au fmdÿ wkkH;djh;a f.dv

k.kak ´fka' tal we;sfjkak kï

tys moku úh hq;af;aa iudkd;ajh"

wfkHdkH f.!rjh" yDohdx.u nj'

ta ;;a;ajhg m%;súreoaOj lrk lshk

ish¨ fohlau th ,dxlSh cd;sh

we;sùu j<lajk jerÈ' Y%S ,dxlSh cd;sh

f.dvke.Sfï wjYH;djh ms<swrf.k

;sfnkjd' th jHjia:dkql+,j ms<s

wrf.k ;sfnkjd' ,dxlSh cd;sh

f.dvke.Su i|yd ±Íh hq;= W;aidyhg

úYd, myrla fï wd.ñl úrilhla we;s

lsÍug hï fldgia ls%hd lsÍu'

ljqre fyda fõjd wd.ñl weoySï ;u

;ukaf.a weoySï mj;ajdf.k hkjd'

fjk;a wd.ñl weoySï mßNjhg

,lalsÍu fjk;a wd.ñl ms<s.ekSïj,g

myr§u wfma ,xldfõ oKav kS;s

ix.%yfha 15 jk mßÉfþoh hgf;a

jrola' tal tl me;a;lska jrola'

wksl wdpdr O¾uj,g wkqj th wdpdr

O¾u ydkshla' ±ka fïjd b;d iq¿

lKavdhïj, jev' fïjd f,dl=jg wms

Ndr.kak ´fka keye'

fï rfÜ bkak b;du;a jeo.;a

mqoa.,fhda ckdêm;s;=ukaf.ka

wdrïNfj,d wfma ishü m%Odk wd.ñl

kdhl;=uka,d w;r ta jf.au msh;=uka,d"

ìfIdma;=uka,d" ujq,ú;=uka,d"

l=relal,a;=uka,d ta ljqrej;a lsishï

wdldrhlg fï wd.ñl úrillïj,g

wkqn,hla §,d keye' Tjqka ks;ru

m%ldY lf<a wms ks;ru wka;¾ wd.ñl

iyfhda.s;djfhka jev lrkjd lsh,d'

tal jpkfhka lshkjd ú;rla fkdfõ

ls%hdfjkq;a Tmamq lr,d fmkaj,d

;sfnkjd'

b;d uE;l§ lUqre.uqfõ jðr

yduqÿrejkag úYd, iïudkhla msfok

fj,dfõ wr,sh.y uka§rfha§ ishü

wd.ñl kdhlhska iyNd.sfj,d ysáhd'

túg jðr yduqÿrefjda lSfõ fï uf.a

b;du;au m%S;su;au fudfyd;la' ish¨

wd.ñl kdhlfhda uf.a W;aijhg

meñKs,d ;sfnkjd' fujeks uy

iïm%odhla fï rfÜ ;sfnkjd' l=vd

lKavdhïj, m%fldamldÍ ls%hdjka fjk;a

fjk;a kHdh m;%hla wkqj lrf.k

hk foaj,a' ta ksid tajdg ta ;rï uyck

wkql+,;ajhla keye' ta ksid uu kï ta

.ek lsisfia;a nhfjkafka keye'

fï wjq¿jk .skaor ksjk j¾Idjla

lsh,d wms l%shd lrkafka' wka;¾

wd.ñl iyfhda.s;djh jv jvd;a

j¾Okh l<fyd;a WodyrKhla jYfhka

fujr ud;f,a l<d jf.a w¿;a wjqreÿ

W;aijh' ish¨ ckj¾.hka ish¨ wd.ñl

ckfldgia tlg tl;=lr,d w¿;a

wjqreÿ W;aijh isÿl<d' tal ud;f,a

ú;rla fkdfjhs weye<shf.dv;a l<d' ta

jf.a yeu;eku ñksiaiq wka;¾ wd.ñl

iïnkaO;djh ckj¾. iïnkaO;djh

we;=j fï W;aij mj;ajuq' tal fï

.sksmqmqre ksjd,k j¾Idjla' wms j¾Idjla

fjuq' t;fldg fïjd ksù hhs'

wms ,dxlSh cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï yd W;a;=x. ld¾hfha kshe,S isákjd' ,dxlSh cd;sh f.dvk.kak kï ish¨ ckj¾.h;a ish¨ wd.ñl

ckfldgia" fï wh w;f¾ taldnoaO;djh;a yd tlai;aNdjh;a ta jf.au fmdÿ wkkH;djh;a

f.dvk.kak ´fka' tal we;sfjkak kï tys moku úh hq;af;aa iudkd;ajh" wfkHdkH f.!rjh"

yDohdx.u nj'ta ;;a;ajhg m%;súreoaOj lrk lshk ish¨ fohlau th ,dxlSh cd;sh we;sùu j<lajk jerÈ' Y%S ,dxlSh cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï

wjYH;djh ms<swrf.k ;sfnkjd' th jHjia:dkql+,j ms<s wrf.k ;sfnkjd' ,dxlSh

cd;sh f.dvke.Su i|yd ±Íh hq;= W;aidyhg úYd, myrla fï wd.ñl úrilhla we;s lsÍug

hï fldgia ls%hd lsÍu'


37

uQ,O¾ujdoh yd wd.ñl wka;jdoh

Tn foaYmd,kslj ú.%y

lrkafka flfiao@

uQ,O¾ujd§ m%jk;djhka my<ùu

wd.ïj, wdrïN jqfka weußldfõ'

uQ,O¾ujd§ jpkh mjd ;snqfka

weußldfõ ls%ia;shdks miqìul' ud¾áka

Æ;¾,df.a ld,fha tjlg ;snqKq

lf;da,sl wdêm;Hhg úreoaOj ienE

nhsn,h tfia;a ke;skï foúhka

jykafia fudkjo lsõfõ" lSu ms<sn|

fidhd ne,Su" u; m%ldY lsÍu yd w¾:

újrKh lsÍu ms<sn| idlÉPdjla úÈhg

;uhs fm%df;ia;ka;jdoh we;s jQfha' bka

miafia f,dalfha we;s jqkd tla;rd

wdldrhl /,a,la' ta ;uhs ienEj

fudllao lshk tl i|yd jQ /,a,la' tal

wjika jQfha weußldkq ls%ia;shdks

uQ,O¾ujd§ jHdmdrfhka' kuq;a tal wmsg

b;d nrm;, úÈhg u;=ù fmfkkafka

keye' talg tla fya;=jla ;uhs ls%ia;shdks

wd.u ngysr YsIaGdpdrfha moku ksid' ta

jf.au weußldj hqfrdamdj b;d

n,iïmkakj isá ksid;a talg igka

lrkak i;=frl= fldfyaj;a fjk ;ekl

isáfha keye' tal idudkH úÈhg

.;af;d;a wd.u msßisÿ lsÍfï jHdmdrhla

yeáhg Y%S ,xldfõ fidau yduqÿrejkaf.a

jHdmdrhg álla tydg .shd lshd uu

ys;kafka keye' th idudkHfhka wd.u

;=<ska we;sjQ l;sldjla' lsishï ;ekaj,

úúO foaj,a we;s jqk;a úYd, f,i th

me;srefka keye' Bg miafia miq.sh

ishji ;=< ngysrlrKhla we;s jqkd hï

hï úêj,ska' tl me;a;lska foaYmd,k

jYfhka ngysrg hg;a jqkd f,dalh'

wksla me;af;ka wd¾Ól jYfhka ngysrg

hg;a jqkd' ;j;a me;a;lska ixialD;sh

yd iudÔh jYfhka ngysrlrKhlg

,lajqkd'

ta ksid úfYaIfhkau 19 ishjfia ueo

Nd.fha boka woyia bÈßm;a fjkak mgka

.;a;d wfkla wd.ñl miqìïj,ska ngysr

YsIaGdpdrh m%Yak lrk" ta YsIaGdpdrfha

;sfnk W;a;u Ndjh m%Yak lrk' tf;la

;snqkq foa ;uhs 1800 .Kkaj, tkï 19

jk ishjfia uq,a Nd.j, ls%ia;shdks

m%ldYkj, fyd|g fmfkk fohla nqÿ

oyu b;du ïf,aÉP ke;akï fudav"

b;du;a w;d¾;sl fudavhskaf.a wd.ula

úÈhg i,lmq nj ;uhs tajdhska fmakafka'

Bg miafia fudlo jqfka miqld,Skj

we;sjqkd úfYaIfhkau Y%S ,xldfõ 1853 ka

miafia bkaÈhdfõ;a ta yd iudkju we;s

jqkd ngysr YsIaGdpdrhg úreoaOj woyia

m<lrk foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla' fuh

;ukaf.a od¾Yksl moku fidhd .;af;a

iajdñ úfõldkkaof.ka' iajdñ

úfõldkkao ngysr fnx.d,fha f.dkq

lrf.k we;slr .;a jHdmdrh ;uhs

wjidkfha bkaÈhdkq cd;sl jHdmdrh

njg m;alr .;af;a' bkaÈhdfõ cd;sl

jHdmdrh miqld,Skj hï wdldrhl

ks¾wd.ñl jHdmdrhla yeáhg fmkS

isáh;a mokfï ;sfnkafka ta ld,fha

we;s jQ n%yau iudcfha yd wd¾h iudcfha

n,mEï' tal b;d fyd¢ka wOHhkh l<

wjia:d ;sfnkjd' tal ljqre;a m%;sfCIam

lrkak Wjukdjlao ;snqfKa keye'

fudlo bkaÈhdfõ ls%ia;shdks m%;sY;h

wvqhs' ta jf.au Tjqka iudcfha n,j;a

nj wvqhs' wo jqk;a foaYmd,kfhka

bkaÈhdfõ isák msßi .;af;d;a b;du

iaj,am fofkla muKhs bkaÈhdfõ

foaYmd,kfha by<g weú;a ;sfnkafka'

wdrCIl weu;sjre isáhd' kuq;a

m%udKfhka álhs' ta ksid ls%ia;shdks

wd.u iu. bkaÈhdfõ iajfoaYsl .egqu

iSud jqkd bkaÈhdj yd ngysr lshk

.egqulg' tal ljodj;a wNHka;r

.egqula njg m;ajqfka keye' tal ;uhs

bkaÈhdfõ jdikdjka; Ndjh' kuq;a tal

yeu ;eku f,dalfha isÿjqkd' B<Õg

fjk;a rgj,;a ta jf.au úfYaIfhka

bia,dï rgj,;a' bia,duh lshkafka

È.gu ls%ia;shdksh;a iu. ks;ru

yemamsÉp wd.ula' l%s'j' 1000 muK

ld,fha isg fï yemamSu isoaO jqkd'

B<Õg wksla wd.ï mjd ;ukaf.a

uq,aj,ska mdo.kag mgka .;a;d ls%ia;shdks

wd.fï yd ngysr YsIaGdpdrfha

wkq,x>kSh foaj,a W;=ïu foaj,a fkfï

tajd m%Yak lrk mgka .;a;d' fuh

uq,skau wdêm;Hhg úreoaO fohla f,ihs

uq,a jljdkqfõ meñKsfha' ,xldfõ jqk;a

;;a;ajh tfyuhs' 1853 jk úg mrïmrd

fol ;=kla uq¿ ,xldj ls%ia;shdks

fjkjd lshk n,dfmdfrd;a;=jl ;uhs

,xldfõ ls%ia;shdks ñIkdßjre isáfha'

tal meyeÈ<sj fmkqkd' fudlo b;du;a

fõ.fhka iudch ls%ia;shdkslrKh ù

;snqfka' ldgj;a Bg úreoaOj l;d

lrkak mq¿jkalula ;snqfka keye' kuq;a

1853 § fïl wks;a me;a;g mgka .;a;d'

tal k;r jqfka 1910 jk úg§h'

ls%ia;shdks jQ wh fn!oaO jqkd'

úfYaIfhkau fudrgqj m%foaYfha

ls%ia;shdks jQ wh kej; fn!oaO jqkd' wm

okak fohla ;uhs fudrgqfõ" ó.uqfõ

;rï ls%ia;shdks wh keye' Bg fya;=j

ls%ia;shdkska wks;a me;a;g yerekd'

ó.uqj" fld<ôka Wv ál fn!oaO jqfka

keye' kuq;a fld<ôka ol=K olajd ál

kej; ls%ia;shdks wh fn!oaO jqkd' fï

úÈhg f,dal ;;a;ajh;a fïlhs' ta

lshkafka tl ld,hl wdrïN jQ ;ukaf.a

ixialD;sl wkkH;djh ms<sn| m%Yakh"

;ukaf.a Ydia;%Sh mSvkh ms<sn| m%Yakh

wd.ñl fldaKhla u; foaYmd,kslj

m%ldY lrkak mgka .;a;d' taflka ;ud

fïjd we;s jqfka' miqld,fha fïjd úúO

úÈhg m%ldY fjkak mgka .;a;d' wd.u

foig yerekdu ks¾jpkhla fidhkak'

wd.u foig yerekdu hym; lshk

wkqreoaO m%§ma uy;d Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYaj úoHd,fha foaYmd,k úoHd wxYfha lÓldpd¾h

lsisfjl=g;a kS;sh blaujd hkak fokak fydò keye æ

ud fmr lSjdla fuka uqia,sïjrekag ;snqfKa iudcuh .egqula' fou< tfla ñ,sgß .egqula ú;rhs ;snqfKa' tal bjr jqkdu

ñksiaiq fyd¢ka bkakjd' foaYmd,k m%Yak ;sfnkjd' tal fjku tlla' yenehs tal ta fj,djg ú;rhs' lf;da,slfhda

jeämqr Pkaoh fokafka UNP tlg' fn!oaOfhda Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIhg' talhs f,dal ;;a;ajh' t;fldg lf;da,sl ñksydhs fn!oaO ñksydhs wdh;khla ksid .yf.k keyefka' Tjqka

tlg lkjd fndkjd' tal ;uhs f,dalfha yeá' uqia,sï ñksyd tfyu fkdfjhs' fu;ek iudÔh jYfhka ;sfnk fjkaúula'

fïl m%Yakhla' fï ;=< .egqula we;sjqfkd;a fïfla fl<jrla olskak ,efnkafka keye' ta ksid m%Yakhla ;snqfkd;a tajdg

úi÷ï l%u lsysmhla ;sfnkjd' tlla ;uhs fudk m%Yak ;snqK;a lsisfjl=gj;a kS;sh blaujd hkak fokak fyd| keye'


38ldrKh fidhdf.k" Bg miafia m%Yakhla

tkjd wd.fï yenEjgu ks¾jpkh lr,d

;sfnkafka fln÷ úÈhlgo lsh,d' ir,

WodyrKhla .;fyd;a hym;a ia;%sh

jkafka kslïu m¾od tl ±ófukao

ke;skï yscdí tl ±ófukao lsh,d jf.a

m%Yakhla u;=fjkjd' tal wksjd¾hfhkau

u;= fjkjduhs' ta ksid kshu uqia,sï

tlaflfkla ke;skï ls%ia;shdks

tlaflfkla iuyr ksldhkaj, wh lshhs

f,a .; hq;=o@ keoao@ hk jf.a m%Yak' ta

ksid fïjd ksrdlrKh lr.kak fjkjd'

tjeks úYd, foaYmd,k weu;=ula ;sfhk

fj,dfõ fïl kslïu yqÿ Ydia;%Sh

wOHhkhla fjkjd fjkqjg fïl álla

iudc jHdmdrhla f.dv kef.kjd' tal

;uhs jqfka' uE; hq.fha wms ljqre;a

okak fohla ;uhs 1945 fojk f,dal

hqoaOh bjr jqk;a tlalu f,dalh fjk

kHdh m;%hlg .sys,a,d ;snqfka' f,dalfha

;snqfKa fjk m%Yak j.hla' l|jqre

fofla .egqula ;snqfKa iudcjdoh yd

fldñhqksiaÜjdoh w;r' ta ld,fha

wd.ñl m%Yak lshk tajd ueß,d ;snqfKa'

WodyrKhla jYfhka úhÜkdufha

yduqÿre kula .sks ;shd .;a;d

weußldjg úreoaOj' kuq;a ljqrej;a

lsõfõ keye tal fn!oaO wka;jdohla

ls%ia;shdks tlg úreoaOj lsh,d' ljqre;a

lsõfõ iudcjdoh Okjdohg tfrysj

lsh,d' B<Õg udlaiajd§ iudcjdoh ke.S

isáhd wrdìlrfha' ljqrej;a talg lsõfõ

uqia,sï uQ,O¾ujdoh lsh,d' ljqre;a

lsõfõ udlaiajd§ iudcjdoh lsh,d'

t;fldg t;ek ;uhs oDIaÀjdoh bÈßm;a

jqfka' 1973 f,dalh me;af;ka ;SrKd;aul

wjia:djla' ta ;uhs brdk úma,jh isÿjqkq

wjqreoao' brdk hqoaOh mqÿudldr isÿùula'

th f,dalh ;=< idlÉPd jqkd hï

m%udKhlg' ngysr YsIaGdpdrhg tfrysj

tf;la l,a iudcjdohg tfrysj ler<s

.iñka isá f,dalh m<uqjrg wd.ñl

le/,a,la .eiqjd iy th ch.%yKh

l<d' fudfyduâ Id i,ajdß - Tyq ;uhs

wh;=,a,d fldfuhsksg l,ska brdkfha

isá md,lhd' Tyq ys;=jd brdkh ;udf.au

rgla njg m;aùug ;sfnk m%Odk ndOdj

;uhs brdkfha ;sfnk miq.dó

ixialD;sh' miq.dó hk jpkfhka

we;a;gu ye¢kafjkafka uqia,sï m%Yakh'

Tyq ys;=jd ngysr ÈhqKqfj,d ;sfnkafka

ixialD;sh ksid lsh,d' ta lshkafka

ls%ia;shdks ixialD;sh' we;af;kau

fm%df;ia;ka; ixialD;sh' ta wkqj tys

wx. Tyq trg ;=< frdamKh lrkak

mgka .;a;d' wka;sfï§ isÿjqfka Bg

úreoaOj ke.S isák m%;súfrdaë n,fõ.

iudc jHdmdrhla njg m;afj,d tal

úiska fudfyduâ Id m,jd yer,d tys

wh;=,a,d fldfuhsks tys W;a;Í;r

kdhlhd njg m;aùu' Bg miqj brdkfha

we;sjQ fuu fjki ;=<ska f,dalh ;=<

;ukaf.a mjq,a n,h i|yd mdúÉÑ l<

fi!È wrdìh jeks rgj,a mjd fuu

u;jdoh bÈßfha brdkh foaYmd,kslj

úreoaOj isáñka w;r;=r tys wd.ñl

idrh;a fï wh Wrd .;a;d' ta ;=<ska

f,dalh ;=< uqia,sï wd.ñl yd

ixialD;sl mqk¾Ôjkhla we;sùug mgka

.;a;d' fïlg wms tlÕ jqk;a ke;;a wms

tal ±lald udf.a mdie,a wjÈh ;=<' uu

mdie,a .sfha wjqreÿ 13 mqrdjg uqia,sï

m%foaYj,ghs' tu ld,h bjr jQ miq

uqia,sï ldka;dfjda Tjqkaf.a uqyqKq

jeiSug mgka .;a;d' wo fjkfldg uq¿

uqyqKu jyf.k isák uqia,sï ldka;d

msßi jeähs' ta ojiaj, uqia,sï flfkla

fjkalr,d y÷kd .ekSug wiSrej ;snqKd'

th yqfola fn!oaOfhlaj yd

lf;da,slfhl= fjkalrkak neye jf.a'

wo wmsg fn!oAOfhla fyda lf;da,slfhl=

fjkalr,d y÷kd.kak kï mdf¾§

Tjqkaf.a wd.u l=ulao lsh,d weiSh hq;=

fjkjd' ta jf.a ;;a;ajhla ;snqfKa fï

fof.d,af,da iïnkaOj;a' fï ál ld,h

;=< È. /jq,a jjk uqia,sï úÈhg w¢k

j¾.hl ñksfila ùu lshk tl ta

mqk¾Ôjkfha fldgila' fudlo Tjqka

ixialD;sh mqk¾Ôjkh f,i m%ldYhg

m;alf<a' th wd.ñl yd foaYmd,ksl

jYfhka m%ldYhg m;a l< wh ;uhs

we*a>ksia:dkfha bkafka' fïl j¾Okh

fjñka ;sfnk w;r;=r fidaúhÜ foaYh

ì|jegqkd' th ì|jeá,d tf;la ngysr

isá i;=rd ñheÈ,d hkag .shd' tf;la

fkdfmkS isá m%;sjdÈhd wd.ñl

me;a;lg keUqre lrkak mgka .;a;d'

ixialD;sl me;a;g .uka l<d' fïl

yeñ,agka 1996 § ,shQ ;ukaf.a m%isoaO

Clash of Civilization fmd;ska úia;r

l<d' Tyq lshd isáhd oDIaÀjdÈuh .egqu

wjika" yenehs thska lshefjkafka keye

.egqï wjika lsh,d" w¨;a .egqï u;hla

tkjd' .egqu YsIaGdpdrhka w;r .egqula'

tys§ uQ,sl jYfhka ls%ia;shdksh yd

bia,duh ksYaÑ;ju .efgkjd' Tyq th

m%ldY lroa§ tfyu .egqula ;snqfKa

keye f,dalh ;=<' tal ;uhs fïfla

;sfnk jeo.;au lreK' Tyq lsõjd tal'

±ka th m%udKhlg w¾O jYfhka Tyq

úia;rhla ÿkakd' kuq;a Tyq tal lsh,d

wjqreÿ 7 lg muK miq weußldfõ tjeks

;;a;ajhla fj,d ;snqKd' ngysr

YsIaGdpdrfha mokïj,g .ykak .;a;d'

Bg miafia bia,dï uQ,O¾ujdoh

ud;Dldjla njg m;ajqkd rEmjdysks

udOHj,' t;fldg wksla lKavdhï

ls%ia;shdksh óg m%;spdr ±lajQfha rdcHh

úÈhg' wksla me;s m%;sl%shd lrkak mgka

.;a;d ;j foúÈhlg' tal;a uQ,O¾ujdo

tlal yemafmkak mgka .;a;d' ;ukaf.a

biairydg tk flkd;a tlal yemafmkak

mgka .;a;d' fojeks tl ;uhs ;ukaf.a

tajd fmdaIKh lrkak mgka .;a;d' thska

lshefjkafka yeuúgu Okd;aul foa

muKla fkdfjhs' iuyrúg ;ukaf.a

uQ,O¾u fidhdf.k hk .ukla' ta

.uk álla fjkia úÈfha úh yelshs'

fïl ;uhs wo fj,d ;sfnkafka' wo

f,dalfhau isák ñksiaiq óg wjqreÿ 20

lg l,ska isá msßig jvd wd.ñlhs' óg

wjqreÿ 20 lg l,ska ñksiaiq is;=fõ

wd.u úheflñka hkjd lsh,;a

iudcjd§ka lsõjd ±ka wd.u bjrhs

lsh,d' kuq;a wms ljqre;a okakjd wo

ñksiaiq jeäfhka uqia,sï m,a,sj,g

hkjd' f,dalh wd.ñl fjñka hkafka'

hqfrdamfha ta ;;a;ajh fjkia fjkak

1973 f,dalh me;af;ka ;SrKd;aul wjia:djla' ta ;uhs brdk úma,jh isÿjqkq wjqreoao' brdk hqoaOh mqÿudldr isÿùula' th

f,dalh ;=< idlÉPd jqkd hï m%udKhlg' ngysr YsIaGdpdrhg tfrysj tf;la l,a iudcjdohg tfrysj ler<s .iñka isá

f,dalh m<uqjrg wd.ñl le/,a,la .eiqjd iy th ch.%yKh l<d' fudfyduâ Id i,ajdß - Tyq ;uhs wh;=,a,d fldfuhsksg

l,ska brdkfha isá md,lhd' Tyq ys;=jd brdkh ;udf.au rgla njg m;aùug ;sfnk m%Odk ndOdj ;uhs brdkfha ;sfnk miq.dó ixialD;sh' miq.dó hk jpkfhka we;a;gu

ye¢kafjkafka uqia,sï m%Yakh' Tyq ys;=jd ngysr ÈhqKqfj,d ;sfnkafka ixialD;sh ksid lsh,d' ta lshkafka ls%ia;shdks

ixialD;sh' we;af;kau fm%df;ia;ka; ixialD;sh' ta wkqj tys wx. Tyq trg ;=< frdamKh lrkak mgka .;a;d' wka;sfï§ isÿjqfka Bg úreoaOj ke.S isák m%;súfrdaë n,fõ. iudc

jHdmdrhla njg m;afj,d tal úiska fudfyduâ Id m,jd yer,d tys wh;=,a,d fldfuhsks tys W;a;Í;r kdhlhd njg m;aùu'


39

mq¿jka' yenehs wd.ñl lreKq u;=jqKdu

ta iïnkaOfhka m%;spdrh;a fjkia'

fukak fï ;;a;ajhg wo weú,a,d

;sfnkjd' ta wkqj iEu ;eklu

we;sfj,d ;sfnkjd wd.ï ms<sn|

Wkkaÿjla' ta Wkkaÿfõ fldgila úÈhg

uQ,O¾ujd§ m%jK;d;a ;sfnkjd'

Y%s ,xldj ;=< miq.sh jir lsysmhlg

fmrd;=j mgkaf.k fn!oaO wd.ñl l,a,s

lsysmhla uqia,sï yd ls%ia;shdkskag ysxid

lsÍfï lghq;=j, kshef,k njla

fmfkkakg ;sfnkjd' tu ;;a;ajh Tn

olskafka flfiao@

fïl we;a;gu mqÿudldr fÄojdplhla'

wms wjqreÿ 30 la hqoaO l<d' LTTE ixúOdkh;a tlal tys m%uqL n,fõ.h

jqfka fou< lshk ckj¾.h' tafla

wd.ñl fn§u ;rula jHdl+,j ;snqfKa'

kuq;a foaYmd,ksl Bg hï wdldrhlg

iydh ÿkafka ls%ia;shdks n,fõ.' kuq;a

yskaÿ wh foaYmd,ksl m%ldYkhla úÈhg

foaYmd,ksl ixúOdkh fkdjqkq ksid

fjkak mq¿jka' kuq;a ;j;a mqÿuiy.;

fohla ;sfnkjd' ta ;uhs wjqreÿ 30 l

ld,h mqrdjg lsisÿ yskaÿ mQcljrfhl=

LTTEhg iyfhda.h m<lsÍu

iïnkaOfhka w;awvx.=jg f.k keye'

kuq;a lf;da,sl mQcljrekaf.a ,ehsia;=j

álla È.hs' fï me;a; .;fyd;a tafla

wks;a me;a;' fïfla wd.ñl iïnkaOhla

;snqKd' tafla jeä jev fldgi lr,d

;snqfKa fn!oaOfhda' tal ;uhs fuys

wd.ñl iïnkaOh' fï .ek wmsg jvd

bkaÈhdfõ idlÉPd flfrk ud;Dldjla

fïl' BJP tl wehs Yla;su;aj LTTE

tlg Woõ fkdlf<a lshk tl hg

;sfnk Tjqka LTTE y÷kd .;a wdldrh'

BJP tl LTTE tl y÷kd.;af;a m,a,sfha

fldgila ñila Tjqkaf.a fldgila

yeáhg fkdfõ' Tjqka yskaÿ wd.u .ek

±äj igka lroa§ fuys fou< tlaflkdg

yskaÿjre nyq;rhla bkafka fou<

ckhdf.a igkg iyfhda.h fkdÿka

whhs' tal tys ;sfnk jeo.;a ldrKhhs'

yenehs fï me;a; .;fyd;a fuys uE;la

jk;=re isxy, lf;da,sl yd isxy,

fn!oaO w;r f,dl= fn§ula ;snqfKa

keye' flfia fj;;a hqoaOhg Yla;su;aj

iyfhda.h ÿkafka yduqÿrejre' lf;da,sl

mshjrekag m%Yakhla ;snqKd' fudlo

lf;da,sl ,xldfõ tlu wd.u fjkak

mq¿jka ckj¾. folla w;f¾ fnÈ,d

;sfnk' túg Tjqkag fjk;a m%Yak tkjd'

f,dalh mqrd jeäu urdf.k uefrk

fndaïn t,a, lr,d ;sfnkafka ,xldfõ'

<uhs fm;s .ioa§" o<od ud<s.djg fndaïn

.ioa§" o<od ud<s.dj fn!oaOhskag

ñksydg ;snqKd' fou< ñksiaiq ,CI 4 la

fld<U Ôj;a jqKd' fou< ñksiaiq

wdrCIdjg weú;a ;snqfKa fld<Ug'

uE;l§ lrk ,o fld<U ix.Kkfha

oñ< ck.ykh jeäùuhs isxy,

ck.ykh wvqùuhs' tal f,dalfha

ft;sydisl isoaêhla fjkak mq¿jka'

fudlo@ isxy, yuqodjka myr fooa§

isxy,hd fj; wdrCIdj m;d meñKSu'

t;fldg isxy, ñksiqkag ;snqKd mßCId

lsÍïj,§ Tjqkaj ur,d hkak ´kEu

flfkl=g yelshdj ;snqKd' kuq;a

uerefõ keye' NGO lshkjd hdmkh

fou< uqia,sï wmj urkjd lsh,d' ta

f.d,af,da lsõjg uerefõ keye' Bg

miafia wo fudlo fjkafka@ wo fjkafka

hqoaOhla keye' wms ;j .egqï we;s lr

.kakjd' fïl yßu krl jevla' ug

Wmqgd olajkak wjYH ldrKhla

;sfnkjd' miq.sh ojil meje;s

iïuka;%Khl§ tx.,ka; iNdfõ ysgmq

w.ro.=re Ñflard msh;=ud lsõjd b;d

jeo.;a ldrKhla' Tyq lsõjd wms

fn!oaOhskag nkskjd uqia,sï ñksiqkag

ffjr lrkjd lsh,d' yenehs Tyqf.a

w;a±lSu jkafka uqia,sïjrekag ffjr

lrkafka fn!oaOhka muKla fkdfjhs'

uu ys;kjd uE; ld,fha§ ,xldfõ

isÿl< b;du újD; yd jeo.;a

m%ldYkhla tal' Tyq lshd isáhd uu

okak wfma wh uqia,sïjrekag úreoaOj

l;d lrkjd lsh,d' ta jf.au uu

^ro.=re;=ud fkdfõ& okak úÈhg

lf;da,sl m%foaYj, wr fn!oaOfhda jf.a

kdf.k úfrdaOh m< lf<a ke;;a

uqia,sï jHdmdr iïnkaOfhka hï

wdldrhl úfrdaO;d jevms<sfj,j,a

ls%hd;aul fjkjd' ud okak tl k.rhl

wksjd¾hfhkau tu ;;a;ajh ;sfnkjd'

tys uqia,sï lvj,g hkak tmd lsh,d

lshkjd' t;fldg fïl ;sfhkjd'

fldÉpr jákjdo@ tal uqia,sïjrekag

ulalu fyda lf;da,slhskag idka; mS;r

foõue÷r jf.a tlla' tal ta ;rï n,j;a

ke;;a' talg fndaïn .ymq fõ,dfõ§j;a

fn!oaOfhda .sys,a,d fou< whg

.efyõfõ keye' ta ú;rla fkdfõ" 1983

ka miq isú,a jeishkag m%ydr t,a, fj,d

keye' o<od ud<s.djg .yk wjia:dfõ

uu tys isáhd' ñksiaiq .ykag iQodkï

jQfha u,aj;af;a mkai,g' u,aj;af;a

mkai, l=vq lrkak ;uhs W;aidy lf<a'

fudlo@ meflaÊ tlg Woõ lrk ksid'

tu mkai, fou< lvj,g lshd isáhd

Thf.d,af,da lv jy,d f.or hkak

lsh,d' isxy, lvj,g .eyqjd jykafka

keye lsh,d' ´l ;uhs tod fjÉp

isoaêh' wjidk fj,dfõ tl msiafila

fldaú,g .syska fldähla Tijkak

yeÿjd' ta fj,dfõ Tlafldau úreoaO jqkd'

isxy, ñksiqka ljodj;a l;d lf<a keye

mr fou<d lsh,d' LTTE ñksure fldá

lsh,d .eyqjd ñila mr fou,a¨ lsh,d

lshk wkx ukx jpk lSfõ keye' wo

fudllao we;sfj,d ;sfnk ;;a;ajh@ wo

Facebook tl ne¨fjd;a yßhg wm%ikak

ysf;kjd wmsg' bia,dï O¾uhg wmydi

jk wdldrfha m%pdrl ±kaùï m<fjkjd'

WodyrKhla jYfhka ulalu w,aldnd

foajia:dkh Wv W!frl= wiQÑ lrk

mska;+r i|yka lrkak mq¿jks' fïjd

fou< whg úreoaOj mdúÉÑ l< uÜgfï

tajd fkdfjhs' kuq;a uqia,sï ñksiaiq wfma

ñksiqkaj ;ju ur,d keye' meyeÈ<sj

fou< ñksiqka uerejd" fm;s .eiqjd'

fïf.d,af,da wmsj uerejd lshd

fjkalr,d ±ka isxy, ñksiqkaf.a ffjr

iy.; m%ldYk ;sfnkjd kï tafla

fya;=j l=ula jqj;a th m%;sfCIam l<

hq;=hs' talg myr fokak ´fka' lsisu

ñksil=g kS;sh blaujd hdug bv Èh hq;=

keye' lsisu fudfyd;l' tal ;uhs

m<uqjeks uQ,O¾uh' ta lshkafka Fashionbugj,g .ykak fokak neye

fï rfÜ' ´kEu flfkl=g fï rfÜ

wo Facebook tl ne¨fjd;a yßhg wm%ikak ysf;kjd wmsg' bia,dï O¾uhg wmydi jk wdldrfha m%pdrl ±kaùï m<fjkjd' WodyrKhla jYfhka ulalu w,aldnd foajia:dkh Wv W!frl= wiQÑ lrk mska;+r i|yka lrkak mq¿jks' fïjd fou< whg úreoaOj mdúÉÑ l< uÜgfï tajd fkdfjhs' kuq;a uqia,sï ñksiaiq wfma ñksiqkaj ;ju ur,d keye' meyeÈ<sj fou< ñksiqka uerejd" fm;s .eiqjd' fïf.d,af,da wmsj uerejd lshd fjkalr,d ±ka isxy, ñksiqkaf.a ffjr iy.; m%ldYk ;sfnkjd kï tafla fya;=j l=ula jqj;a th m%;sfCIam l< hq;=hs' talg myr fokak ´fka' lsisu ñksil=g kS;sh blaujd hdug bv Èh hq;= keye' lsisu fudfyd;l' tal ;uhs m<uqjeks uQ,O¾uh' ta lshkafka Fashionbug j,g .ykak fokak neye fï rfÜ' ´kEu flfkl=g fï rfÜ jHdmdrhla lrkak bv fokak ´fka'


40jHdmdrhla lrkak bv fokak ´fka'

yenehs isy< Wreuh wdrïN lrk

fj,dfõ tia' t,a' .=Kfialr jeo.;a

m%ldYkhla l<d' Tyq lsõjd wms

b,a,kafka m%cdjla úÈhg isxy,hskaf.a

whs;sjdislï ñila mqoa.,fhda úÈhg

isxy, ñksiqkaf.a whs;sjdislï fkdfjhs

lsh,d' th b;d jeo.;a m%ldYkhla' Tyq

lsõfõ isxy, ñksfil=hs fou<

ñksfil=hs uqia,sï ñksfil=hs ou,d f¾ia

tlla Èõfjd;a isxy, ñksid Èõfjd;a

isxy, ñksid Èõfjd;a ÈKqu Èh hq;=hs' ta

jf.au fou< ñksid fyda uqia,sï ñksid

Èkqfjd;a ÈKqu Èh hq;=hs' ta ÈKqu udre

lr.kak neye isxy,hdg m%uqL;ajh Èh

hq;=hs lsh,d' ck;djg m%uqL;ajh Èh

hq;=hs lsh,d' iEu ;eklu Èkk tldg

bv fokak ´fka' yenehs foaYmd,ksl

jYfhka m%Yakhla wdfjd;a ldf.a whs;sho

m%uqL@ isxy, ñksidf.a whs;shg

m%uqL;ajh fokak ´fka' ta lshkafka B<u

fokako tmdo lshk m%Yakfha§ fou<

ñksidf.ka weiqfjd;a lshkjd Tõ lsh,d'

isxy, ñksidf.ka weiqfjd;a lshkjd

tmd lsh,d' fïl lrkak kï hqoaO

lrkak fjkjd' ta ksid isxy, ñksidf.a

whs;shg bv fokak' thska tyd hkak

neye' tal jeo.;a ldrKhla' wms ´kE

flfkl=f.a cd;sluh" j¾.uh" wd.

ñluh" j¾. fm%auh Th iSudfjka tydg

hkak fokak neye' fyg .sys,a,d m,a,s

lvkak" fldaú,a lvkak lsh,d tfyu

bv fokak neye' talg wksjd¾hfhka

kS;sh ls%hd;aul l< hq;=hs' fldhs

uÜgulg isÿjqk;a' tal rcfha j.lSula'

tal lrkafka ke;skï tal m%Yakhla' Bg

wu;rj furg fn!oaOhl= úÈhg uu

lK.dgqjg m;afjkjd fïjd wefyk tl

.ek' ta jf.au ,eÊcdjl=;a ;sfhkjd' wms LTTE tl hqoaO lrk ldf,a yqÕdla wh

lsõjd LTTE tl hqoaO lrkafka wehso

lsh,d fydhkak lsh,d' tal jeo.;a

lreKla' ta jf.a wehs uqia,sï ñksiqkag

ffjr lrkafka@ talg fudkjd yß

mokula ;sfnkak ´fka' fï fudfydf;a

isxy, fn!oaOfhda mdrg neye,d ls%ia;=

O¾uh yskaod' fïflka w; fidaod .kak

yeÿjdg uu fm!oa.,slj okak foa ;uhs

wks;a ishü ckj¾. uqia,sï ñksidg

ffjr lrkjd fï rfÜ' tlla meyeÈ<shs'

uf.a w;a±lSï jqk;a lsj yelshs' tlla

;uhs rdcH ks,Odßka m;a lsÍfï

isoaêhl§ fou< wh lshd isáhd túg

W;=f¾ hqoaOh hñka ;snqfKa kef.kysr

uqodf.k' Tjqka lshd isáfha wmsg uqia,sï

wh tmd isxy, wfhla fokak lsh,d' tl

;uhs fou< flfkla fokjd kï jvd

fyd|hs tfyu ke;akï isxy, flfkla

fokak lsh,d' ;=k ;uhs uqia,sï lrkak

fohla ke;skï' b;ska fïfla ydiHh

´lhs' ta wjia:dfõ§ isxy, yuqodj úiska

fou< ;¾clhskag myr fokjd' fï

ffjr iy.; Ndjh isxy, ñksyf.hs

lf;da,sl ñksyf.hs w;rj;a" isxy,

ñksyhs fou< ñksyhs w;rj;a uu

ljodj;a ±l,d keye' isxy, ñksyhs

fou< ñksyhs fudk hqoaO lr .;a;;a

fjk úÈhl iïnkaOhla ;sfnkjd' tafla

f;areu ;uhs isxy, ñksyhs fou<

ñksyhs w;r foaYmd,k .egqula ;snqK;a

iudc .egqula ;snqfKa keye' yenehs

fu;ek foaYmd,kuh .egqula

ke;sjqKdg iudcuh .egqula ;sfnkjd'

fïl ,xldfõ muKla fkdfõ fndfyda

rgj, ;sfnk ;;a;ajhla'

uE; b;sydifha we;sù ;sfnk

ixjD;lrKh ksid fyda Tnhs uuhs

fu;ek b|f.k l;d lrkak wms

fofokdg wmyiqjla we;s fjkafka

ke;af;a wehs@ ta fudlo wms fokakd

hïlsis .Kklg ngysrlrKh fj,d

;sfnkjd lsh,d ldgyß lshkak mq¿jka'

tal fjkak mq¿jka' tal we;a;' ta je/oao

uqia,sï ñksidg mgjkak neye lsh,d

lshkak;a mq¿jka' tal;a we;a;' wms

Tjqkag myr fokafka ngysrlrKh

fkdjqkq ksido lsh,d ljqreyß weiqfjd;a

tys we;af;a we;a;la jf.a fohla' iSla

ñksiqkag tfrysj ffjr iy.;Ndjh

f,dalh mqrd ta ;rï uqod yefrkafka

keye' fïfla fjk m%Yakhla ;sfhkjd'

fïl wo-fyg úi|kak mq¿jka fohla

fkdfjhs' fïlg isxy, ñksiaiq fou<

ñksiaiq bjikak ´fka jf.au fou<

ñksiaiq iïmQ¾Kfhkau uqia,sï m%cdjla

whska lr,d ±ïud ;ukaf.a me;af;ka'

f,dalfha isÿjQ b;du ÿ¾j, fn§ula'

kuq;a uq¿ iudchla iq¿ m%cdjla whska

lrkjd ;j;a ;eklska' mqÿu iy.;

fohla' isxy, ñksiqka wuq;= jevla

lrf.k wdjd' kuq;a tal neye,d

;sfnkjd jdikdjlg' fïjd u;=fjk

fj,djg ú;rla wms nekjeÈ,d

yßhkafka keye' wksla me;a; fjkia

fjkak ´fka' fï me;a;;a f;areï .kak

´fka' yeu fohlskau ;ukaf.a

wkkH;djh wkjYH úÈhg m%Yak

lrkak .;fyd;a ta lshkafka uu fï

úÈhg ke;fyd;a ly mdgg fudlla yß

we|f.k Wvg fmdrjf.k kj.=K

je,la odf.k isáhfyd;a Tn ud iu.

ir,j l;d lrhs lsh,d uu ys;kafka

keye' túg Tn ud <Õg tkafka

foajd,hlg hkjd jf.a nhlska tkafka'

ta ksid wm w;r fï iïnkaOh yefokak

´fka' wms iudcfha yeu;eklu wms

tlg bkak ´fka' uu wdêm;Hhla m%ldY

lrkjd kï iudjkak' kuq;a tal ;uhs

we;a;' ,xldfõ jerÈ,d lf;da,sl

m,a,sj,g .eiqjdg fn!oaOhskaf.a

fldaka;rh ;sfnkafka tjekac,sia; wh;a

tlalfka' fudavfhda ;uhs lf;da,sl

m,a,sj,g .sys,a,d .ykafka'

miq.sh udi 6 muK ld,h ;=< uqia,sï

iy ls%ia;shdks m,a,s 60 lg wêl

m%udKhlg myr§ï lr,d ;sfnkjd'

,xldj jir 30 la uq¿,af,a ckjd¾.sl

hqoaOhl meg,S ,CI .Kkska ck;dj

wj;eka jqkd' ta jf.au oyia .Kkska

ñksiqka ñh .sh nj wm okakd lreKla'

wo jk úg we;s ù ;sfnk wd.ñl .egqï

wd.ñl hqoaOhla lrd fhduqùug ;sfnk

bvlvo jeäfjñka mj;sk njla fmkS

hkjd' fuu ;;a;ajh Tn foaYmd,kslj

ú.%y lrkafka flfiao@

we;a;gu ud jvd ìhg m;ajkafka fï

;;a;ajh .ekhs' fudlo ud fmr lSjdla

fuka uqia,sïjrekag ;snqfKa iudcuh

.egqula' fou< tfla ñ,sgß .egqula

ú;rhs ;snqfKa' tal bjr jqkdu ñksiaiq

fyd¢ka bkakjd' foaYmd,k m%Yak

;sfnkjd' tal fjku tlla' yenehs tal

ta fj,djg ú;rhs' lf;da,slfhda jeämqr

Pkaoh fokafka UNP tlg' fn!oaOfhda

miq.sh ojil meje;s iïuka;%Khl§ tx.,ka; iNdfõ ysgmq w.ro.=re Ñflard msh;=ud lsõjd

b;d jeo.;a ldrKhla' Tyq lsõjd wms fn!oaOhskag nkskjd uqia,sï ñksiqkag ffjr lrkjd lsh,d' yenehs Tyqf.a w;a±lSu jkafka uqia,sïjrekag

ffjr lrkafka fn!oaOhka muKla fkdfjhs' uu ys;kjd uE; ld,fha§ ,xldfõ isÿl< b;du

újD; yd jeo.;a m%ldYkhla tal' Tyq lshd isáhd uu okak wfma wh uqia,sïjrekag úreoaOj l;d

lrkjd lsh,d' ta jf.au uu ^ro.=re;=ud fkdfõ& okak úÈhg lf;da,sl m%foaYj, wr fn!oaOfhda jf.a kdf.k úfrdaOh m< lf<a ke;;a uqia,sï jHdmdr iïnkaOfhka hï wdldrhl úfrdaO;d

jevms<sfj,j,a ls%hd;aul fjkjd'


41

Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIhg' talhs f,dal

;;a;ajh' t;fldg lf;da,sl ñksydhs

fn!oaO ñksydhs wdh;khla ksid

.yf.k keyefka' Tjqka tlg fndkjd'

tal ;uhs f,dalfha yeá' uqia,sï ñksyd

tfyu fkdfjhs' fu;ek iudÔh

jYfhka ;sfnk fjkaúula' fïl

m%Yakhla' fï ;=< .egqula we;sjqfkd;a

fïfla fl<jrla olskak ,efnkafka

keye' ta ksid m%Yakhla ;snqfkd;a tajdg

úi÷ï l%u lsysmhla ;sfnkjd' tlla

;uhs fudk m%Yak ;snqK;a lsisfjl=gj;a

kS;sh blaujd hkak fokak fyd| keye'

kS;sh lvùfuka ;uhs m%Yak we;sjkafka'

WodyrKhla jYfhka 1983 cQ,s l,n,h

fj,dfõ LTTE .egqu ikakoaO

fkdfjñka ;snqfKa' t;fldg 13 fokhs

LTTE ysáfha' wms tal ixúOdkhla lf<a

.y,d' ta lshkafka ;sfhk kS;s ls%hd;aul

fkdjqKq m%Yakhla ;snqfKa' tal;a wd.ñl

hqoaOhla fjkak ;snqKd' kuq;a jqfKa

keye' fojeks ldrKh m%Yakh uÕ yer

hkjd fjkqjg úi|kak ´fka' ,xldfõ

wkHd.ñllrKh ms<sn| m%Yakh wdmq

fj,dfõ fn!oaOfhda lK jyf.k lE

.y,d lsõjd tfyu tlla ´fka

fudllayß hqoaOhla ´fka lsh,d' Th

kS;sh uu úYajdi lrk kS;shla

fkdfjhs' fya;=j ´l ;snqK;a ke;;a

wkHd.ïlrKh lrkjd' fudlo@ fjku

Okh mdúÉÑ lrk tlla' f,dalfha

lr,d ;sfnk wOHhkhkaj,g meyeÈ<shs

kS;s fkdfjhs fn,a, .y,d hkjd

lsõj;a i,a,s fokjd lsõjd kï ñksiaiq

wksla me;a;g yefrkjd' m<uqjeks

mrïmrdj fndrejg yefrkak mq¿jks'

fojeks mrïmrdj we;a;g yefrkjd'

tjekac,sia; iNdj, we;a; l;dkaorh

´lhs' kuq;a taflka hï wdldrhlg

m,jd yeÍula lf<a keye' kuq;a wdKavqj

fudlo lf<a@ È.ska È.gu tal

m%;sixialrK lKavdhfuka whska l<d'

tafla m%;spdrh wjqreÿ 10 lg miqj tkjd'

kS;sfhka lrkak ;snqK foa ;uhs fï

wjq¿jdf.k tkafka' m%Yakh ;sìh§

tfyu tlla keye lsh,d uÕyßkjd'

kuq;a tal fldhs fõ,djl yß mqmqrkjd'

úfYaIfhkau uy ckj¾.hla ,xldfõ

fn!oaOfhda' ;;a;ajh ;uhs uycd;sh iq¿

cd;sh ksid fõokdjlska bkafka' ta

ldrfKa we;a;l=;a ;sfnkjd' fudlo

lf;da,sl" uqia,sï" fou< lshk ;=ku

cd;Hka;rhg .;af;d;a úYd,hs' ljqo

lsh,d ;snqKd md,u leä,d b;du

my<ska t,a,s,d bkakjd jf.a f,dal

is;shu .;fyd;a" fou< whg bkaÈhdj

;sfnkjd' uqia,sï whg uqia,sï rgj,a

.Kkdjla ;sfnkjd' lf;da,sl whg Bg

jvd úYd, iïnkaOhla ;sfnkjd' kuq;a

fn!oaOfhda iq¿ msßila fn!oaOhka w;r

iïnkaOhla keye' ;dhs,ka;h w;r

iïnkaOhla keye' ljodj;aa" fudlo

fn!oaOd.fï tfyu mokula keye' fï

iq¿;r lKavdhu ;j ;j;a ú|jkak

fj,d ;sfnkjd' wfma wdKavqj lrkafka

nyq;rfha cd;Hka;rh n,df.k

lrkafka' tal we;a;la' uE;la jk ;=reu

uqia,sï fldka.%ih ;uhs ;SrKh

lrkafka ljqo wdKavqj msysgqjkafka

lsh,d' talg úreoaOj ;uhs fy< Wreuh

wdfõ' fy< Wreuh wdjdg fy< Wreuhg

nek,d jevla keye' Bg biafi,a,d

fohla fjkia lrkak ´fka' fudllayß

m%Yakhla úi|kafka ke;sj È.gu hkjd

kï' fudlo ñksid lshkafka nqoaê

Ôúfhlafka' ta jf.a ;uhs fïj;a' fïjd

fndre Wis.ekaùï" fudlo y,d,a isoaêh'

isxy, fn!oaOhska .Kkdjla fkd.;

hq;=j ;snqK m%Yakhla' tal fudav

m%Yakhla' taflka jeäfhka neg lEfõ

uqia,sï ñksiaiq lshk tlhs uf.a woyi'

yenehs thska ixfla;d;aul jk wd.ñl

wka;jdohg bv Èh hq;= keye' tal

we;a;' fudlo y,d,a lshk foa uyd nrla

fj,d iudchg we;sjk n,mEu' yenehs

wd¾Ól .eg¿jla jqfka keye

fn!oaOhskag' nqÿ oyug wkqj w,a,dya

foúhkag lem l< foa nqÿyduqÿrejkag

lem lrkak neye lshk foa fndrejla'

nqoaOd.ug wkqj foúfhla keye' wm

foúfhda keye lsh,d ys;kjd kï

foúhkag lem fjkjd lsh,d m%Yakhla

mek k.skafka keye' nqÿyduqÿrefjda

lsh,d ;sfnkafka ;uka msvqisÕd jäk

wjia:djl ;uka wkqNj lrñka isá n;a

msÕdkfhka n;a ms~la ±uqj;a we;shs

lsh,d' ysÕd loa§ wmsg lshkak neyefka

ys,agka fydag,fhka f.k;a fokak

lsh,d' ysÕd lk úÈhg ysÕd lkak

´fka' uu kqjrt<sh .sh úgl§

yduqÿrejkag ìialÜ melÜ tlla ÿkakd

±lald' yduqÿrefjda weyqfõ keye tal

y,d,a o keoao lsh,d' wksl y,d,a j,sh

mdvq jqKd uqia,sïjrekag' .ïj, wh

uqia,sï whf.a lvj,ska uia .kafka

keye' ls%iafnda l=l=¿ uia lkak mgka

.;a;d' ls%iafnda isxy, lf;da,slfhl=g

whs;s jHdmdrhla' tfyu ;uhs jqfKa'

fn!oaOhd lf<a fudav jev' Th jf.a

fudav jev fkdfjhs lrkak ´fka'

inqoaêlj fïlg ueÈy;aùula' fï

m%Yakfha fldfyduo fïl fldfyduo

lsh,d' bka wk;=rej idlÉPd lr,d

úi÷ulg t<eöuhs' ñksiaiq br mkskak

fmr lghq;= l< hq;=hs' .sys,a,d m,a,shg

.y,d fkdfjhs idlÉPd l< hq;=

jkafka' idlÉPdj wdrïN l< hq;=

jkafka fïifha ys|f.khs' ta jf.au

wdKavqj ±k .kak ´fka m,a,sj,g

.ykak l,ska m%Yakh úi|kak' ;j;a

WodyrKhla .;fyd;a Law College tfla uu kï lshkafka ,xldfõ úNd.

b;sydih ;=< isÿjQ jxpkSlu isoaêh ;uhs

tal' tl mdrg Bg we;=<;a jk msßi oi

.=Khlska jeäjqKdu ta jf.au ta

Tlafldau tl mka;shl ysáhdu' tal

úi÷fka keyefka ,xldfõ' wdKavqj

talg fudllao lf<a@ fudl=;a lf<a

keye' tal idlÉPd lrkak yß mgka

.;af;a fn!oaO lKavdhula .sys,a,d Law College tlg .eiqjdg miqjhs' t;lï

mqj;am;a idlÉPdj,ska lshñka tfyu

fohla keye lshñka isáhd' ljqrej;a

.Kka .;af;a keye' fodr levqjdu ;uhs

wjÈ jqfka' tal kï rch ,ndfok

wdo¾Yh uu ys;kafka wkd.;h w÷rehs

lsh,d'

uu kqjrt<sh .sh úgl§ yduqÿrejkag ìialÜ melÜ tlla ÿkakd ±lald' yduqÿrefjda weyqfõ keye tal y,d,a o keoao lsh,d' wksl y,d,a j,sh mdvq jqKd uqia,sïjrekag' .ïj, wh uqia,sï whf.a lvj,ska uia .kafka keye' ls%iafnda l=l=¿ uia lkak mgka .;a;d' ls%iafnda isxy, lf;da,sl ñksfyla' tfyu ;uhs jqfKa' fn!oaOhd lf<a fudav jev' Th jf.a fudav jev fkdfjhs lrkak ´fka' inqoaêlj fïlg ueÈy;aùula' fï m%Yakfha fldfyduo fïl fldfyduo lsh,d' bka wk;=rej idlÉPd lr,d úi÷ulg t<eöuhs' ñksiaiq br mkskak fmr lghq;= l< hq;=hs' .sys,a,d m,a,shg .y,d fkdfjhs idlÉPd l< hq;= jkafka' idlÉPdj wdrïN l< hq;= jkafka fïifha ys|f.khs' ta jf.au wdKavqj ±k .kak ´fka m,a,sj,g .ykak l,ska m%Yakh úi|kak'


42

tjekac,sia; iNdjkaj, mrud¾:

fudkjdo hkak lshd Tn;=udf.ka

weiqfjd;ska mejish yelafla l=ulao@

tjekac,sia; hk jpkfhka wms woyia

lrkafka ld,hla ;siafia meñKs ls;=oyu

;=< wms f;areï .kakd úÈhg ls%ia;=ia

jykafiaf.a uQ,sl b.ekaùïj,g

Èhdrelula we;s jqkd' 1517

m%;sixialrKfha§ th hïlsis ÿrlg fï

oyu wdikakhg wdjd' yenehs tal

iïmQ¾Kfhkau meñKSula fkdfjhs'

tjekac,sia; tfyu ke;skï uQ,O¾ujd§

lshd ye¢kafjk wh m%p,s; ùug mgka

.;af;a .sh Y; j¾Ifha uq,a Nd.fha§' th;a

weußldfõ wer;+id lshk ùÈfha we;sjqkdjQ

lshk fmka;fldia; msì§u;a iu.' ±ka

fï msì§ug wkqj úuqla;s O¾uh mj;sk

hq.hla ;uhs weußldfõ ;snqfka

úfYaIfhkau' fï úuqla;s O¾uhg

m%;spdrhla f,ig tjekac,sia; oyu

Yla;su;a jqkd' th 1920 .Kkaj, muK

isÿjqfka' fuh úuqla;s O¾uhg ±lajqjdjQ

m%;spdrhla' úuqla;s O¾ufhka ls;=oyfï

uQ,sl b.ekaùï Èhdre ùula isÿjqkd lsh,d

tjekac,sia; wh l,amkd l<d' fuu

ldrKh ksid tjekac,sia; oyu f,i

f,dalfha me;sfrkak mgka .;a;d' tal

;=<ska WmÈkafka ls;=oyu kej; jrla

ls%ia;=ia jykafiaf.a uq,a b.ekaùug

we;=,aùfï wjYH;djh ,enqkd' ±ka th

jHdma; fj,d tjekac,sia;jre ñ,shk 750

la muK f,dalfha m%p,s; fj,d bkakjd'

tjekac,sia;jre ls%ia;=ia jykafiaf.a uq,a

b.ekaùu f,i y÷kajkafka nhsn,fha

fmd;a 66 ;=< wka;¾.;hs' ta ,shú,a,

foajdkqNdjfhka fok ,shú,a,la' tys

ks¾joH;djh wms úYajdi lrkjd' tal

foúhka jykafia úiska fok ,o jpkh"

uq,amsgm;aj, ;sfnk nj wmf.a úYajdih'

tal ;uhs wms lshkafka fÊiqia jykafiaf.a

uq,a b.ekaùu lsh,d'

tjekac,sia; iNd fldmuK ixLHdjla Tn

ixúOdkh iu. taldnoaOj lghq;=

lrkjdo@

wm iu. tjekac,sia; iNd 200 lg jeä

m%udKhla lghq;= lrkjd'

tjekac,sia; iNdjka ls%ia;shdks

uQ,O¾ujdoh jHdma; lsÍfuys,d kshe,S

isák njg úúO mqoa.,hska úúOdldrfhka

fpdaokd lrkq ,nkjd' fï ms<sn|j Tnf.a

woyi l=ulao@

fÊiqia jykafiaf.a m%Odk;u oyula ;uhs

fY%aIaG wd{dj lshk ldrKh'

Wkajykafiaf.a ta m%ldYkh iqndrxÑ

i;f¾u fukau ls%hd fmdf;;a i|yka

fjkjd' t;fldg fï fY%aIaG wd{dj fmd;a

mylu i|yka ùu ;=<ska ls%ia;=ia jykafia

fldÉpr jeo.;alula óg we;=<;a l<do

hkak wms f;areï .kak wjYHhs' ta ksid

wmf.a úYajdih yeu ls;=kqfjlau

tjekac,sia; ls;=kqjka ta ú;rla fkfuhs

yeu ls;=kqfjlau fï foa lrkak ne¢,d

bkakjd' lrk l%uh lf;da,sl iNdfõ

fjkia fjkak mq¿jka' m%Odk iNdjkaj,

;j;a úÈhlg fjkak mq¿jks' tjekac,sia;

iNdj ;=< ;j;a úÈhlg fjkak mq¿jks'

yenehs ;=kaf.d,a,u fÊiqia jykafiaf.a

fY%aIaG wd{dj ls%hd;aul lrkak lghq;=

lrkjd' WodyrK jYfhka .;fyd;a

frdaudkq lf;da,sl iNdfõ ohdfõ lkHd

fidhqßhka ;ukaf.a ixúOdkh ,shdmÈxÑ

lrk wjia:dfõ§ tal Widúhg f.ksÉpd'

Widúfha§ ;SrKhla .;a;d tal jHjia:djg

mgyekshs lsh,d' t;ekska ls%ia;shdks

ixúOdk ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï ;ykula wdjd'

talg uQ,sl fya;=j f,ig fY%aIaGdêlrKh

lshd isáfha ohdfõ lkHd fidhqßfhda

furg tjekac,sia; fiajh lsÍu lrkjd

lshk tl Tjqkaf.a jHjia:dfõ ;sfhkjd'

O¾u ¥; fiajh lrkjd lshkafka ldgo@

ls%ia;shdks fkdjk flfkl=g' t;fldg

wdKavql%u jHjia:dj hgf;a rcfha

j.lSula nqoaOd.u wdrCId lsÍu' t;fldg

fYa%IaGdêlrKh woyila ±lajQjd rch

nqoaOd.u wdrCId lsÍug ne£ isák nj

flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l<d' túg ohdfõ

lkHd fidhqßfhda tjekac,sia; lsÍu ;=<ska

fn!oaOhskaj wks;a wd.ulg yerùula

fjkjd" ta ksid th ,xldfõ jHjia:djg

mgyekshs lsh,d tal iïu; lsÍu

je<elajQjd' tod b|,d lsisu ls%ia;shdks

ixúOdkhlg ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍula lr.kak

neßfj,d ;sfnkjd' ta ksid fïl

tjekac,sia; iNdj ú;rla lrk fohla

fkfuhs' lf;da,sl iNd" m%Odk ls;=kq

iNd" tjekac,sia; iNd tjekac,sia;

lghq;=j, kshef,kjd' kuq;a tjekac,sia;

lrk wdldrfha iajNdjh fjkia'

Evangelise by Presence lsh,d tlla

;sfhkjd' ta lshkafka ;uka .ul

mÈxÑfj,d fÊiqia jykafiaf.a fm%auh

ls%hdjka ;=<ska ±laùu' Evangelise by Proclamation lsh,d tlla ;sfhkjd' ta

lshkafka O¾u ¥; fiajdj lrkjd jpkh

m%ldY lsÍu ;=<ska' tjekac,sia; iNdjka

jeäfhka lrkafka jpkfhka m%ldY lsÍu

;=<ska' fï m%ldY lsÍu;a iu.u nhsn,fha

i|yka jk ,l=Kq iy fmdÿ iqj lsÍï jeks

foaj,a wms lrkjd' úfYaIfhka lf;da,sl

iNdjka Evangelise by Presence ta

lshkafka ta whf.a mÈxÑùuu ;=<ska"

mdi,la ;=<ska ffjoH uOHia:dkhla

wdrïN lsÍu ;=<ska ls%ia;=ia jykafiaf.a

ohdj" wkqlïmdj iudchg hym; lsÍu

m%ldY lrkjd' yenehs yefudau fï fY%aIaG

wd{dj ls%hd;aul lrkjd' tjekac,sia;

lKavdhu ú;rhs lrkjd lshk tl uu

ys;kafka jerÈhs'

.re frdydka o tia' talkdhl foaj.e;s;=ud cd;sl ls%ia;shdks ifydaor;ajh ixúOdkfha m%Odk f,alï

fmd,sish f.ke,a,d" ;¾ckh lr,d" ,shdmÈxÑ ù keye lsh,d iNdjka jidf.k hkjd

fmd,Sish f.k,a,d ;¾ckh lr,d ,shdmÈxÑ ù keye lsh,d iNdjka jidf.k hkjd' tjeks isoaê 35 la jd¾;d fjkjd miq.sh udi y;rl ld,h ;=<' wfma jHjia:dfõ yeáhg wd.ula woykak ,shdmÈxÑ fjkak wjYH keye' wo f.j,aj, /iaùula lrkak neß ;;a;ajhla wms <Õ ;sfhkafka' ta ú;rla fkdfõ ksoyi ,enqjdg miqj wmf.a whs;sjdislï W,a,x>Kh fj,d ;sfnkjd' wmsg ,shdmÈxÑ fjkak l%uhla keye' wmsg md¾,sfïka;= mk;lska ,shdmÈxÑ fjkak neye' jHdmdr kS;sh hgf;a;a ,shdmÈxÑ fjkak ;snQ bvlv ;ykï l<d' th jHdmdrj,g ñi iNdjkaj,g fkdfõ lsh,d wmsg ,shdmÈxÑ ùug ;sfnk wjia:d rch u.skau ke;s lr,d' fmd,Sish weú;a wykjd Thd ,shdmÈxÑ fj,do lsh,d'


43tjekac,sia; iNdjka úiska wkHd.ñlhka

;u iNdjkaj,g yrjd .ekSfï lghq;=j,

kshef,k njg fndfyda fn!oaO ixúOdk

fpdaokd lrkq ,nkjd' tu fpdaokd .ek

Tnf.a woyi@

fu;ek§ ;¾lhla f,i uu bÈßm;a

lrkafka ixLHd f,aLk' rcfha ixLHd

f,aLk lshkjd kï ls;=kq m%cdj

wvqfjkjd" fn!oaO m%cdj jeäfjkjd

lsh,d' túg fu;ek ;sfhk yerùu

fudllao lsh,d m%Yakhla u;=fjkjd'

fojkqj fï ixLHd f,aLk jerÈhs lsh,d

wmsg lshkak wudrehs' fya;=j uq,a Nd.fha§

fï ixLHd f,aLk wms ì%;dkH hq.hg whs;s

ld,fha§ lrmq ix.Kkhka' t;fldg wmsg

fmakjd t;ekÈ;a 1948 fjkfldg;a

ls%ia;shdks m%cdj wvqùula ;sfnkjd'

úfYaIfhkau fï wvqùu mgka .;af;a

ì%;dkH hq.fha§' fudlo fï ì%;dkH hq.h

mD;=.Sis yd ´,kao hq.hg jvd fjkia' ta

fofla§ ldg;a wd.ñl ksoyila ;snqKd'

ì%;dkH hq.fha§ tu ;;a;ajh fjkia' tu

hq.fha§ uOHia: ia:djrhla .kak mgka

.;a;d' kuq;a ls;=Kqjkag muKla fkdfjhs

wkHd.ïj,g;a ksoyila ,efnkak mgka

.;a;d' tu ksoyia ld,h ;=<§ wmsg

fmakjd n,y;aldrfhka lsh,d lÜáhla

yereKd kï mD;=.Sis yd ,kafoais hq.fha§"

kej; jrla ta wh ;u wd.ug we§ .shd'

O¾umd, yd yßiapkaø jeks wh' ta hq.fha§

kej; jrla hkjd' 1948 jk úg tys

WÉp;u ia:dkhg tkjd' ksoyfika

miafia kej; jrla fn!oaO wh ;u wd.ug

hkjd' t;fldg fï lshk yeÍu flda@ tal

;¾ldkql+,j uu bÈßm;a lrkjd' fojkqj

ug lshkak ;sfhkafka tjekac,sia; wh

ljodj;a n,y;aldrfhka ñksiqkaj

yrjkafka keye' iqndrxÑh m%ldY lrkjd'

tal wmsg jHjia:dj ;=<ska ;sfnk ksoyila

jk woyia m%ldY lsÍfï whs;sh' tal wmsg

jHjia:dfjka ,nd§, ;sfhkjd' th

mdúÉÑ lrkjd ñila wms m%pKav;ajh

n,y;aldrlu mdúÉÑ lr,d lghq;=

lrkafka keye' wr iudc fiajd ;=<ska

fY%aIaG wd{dj bIag lrk whhs" jpkh

m%ldY lsÍu ;=<ska bIag lrk whhs iuyr

wh olskafka tlu ls%ia;shdks lKavdhï

lsh,d' fuys§ hïlsis jerÈ f;areï .ekSula

;sfnkjd' tl w;lska wms glrka §,d"

wrjd §,d wks;a w;ska nhsn,h §,d' fïl

ukqIHhka ;=< we;sfj,d ;sfnk jerÈ

wjfndaOhla' wjfndaOh ksjerÈ lrkak

wmsg udOH bv fokafka keye' fldÉpr

lSj;a ljodj;a ,smshla m, lr.kak neye'

fuu rcfha tla;rd ks,Odß flfkl=g uu

l;d l<du thd Tn wymq m%Yakhu Tyq

uf.ka weiqjd' uu;a lreKq meyeÈ<s lr,d

ÿkakdu ixLHd f,aLk wrf.k" t;fldg

thd lsõjd wehs tfykï fïl iudch ;=<

we;sfj,d ;sfnkafka@ lsh,d' iudch

;=<ska ;j;a jerÈ foaj,a ukqIHhkaf.a

u;h ;=< ¥IKhg ,lalrkjd' ta ksihs

fï wfma rg fï jf.a ;;a;ajhl

;sfnkafka'

ls%ia;shdks oyu me;srùu Tn iNdfõ uQ,sl

wruqK kï fjk;a ls;=kq iNdjkaj,

idudðlhskag;a ls;=oyu y÷kajd §ug

jEhï lsÍfuka wfmaCId lrkafka l=ulao@

wfma ia:djrh wms iqndrxÑh m%ldY

lrkjd' iqndrxÑ m%ldY lr,d iuyfrlag

±fkkjd kï ;ukaf.a Ôú;hg wms lshk

wdldrhg ;ukaf.a Ôú;hg jvd

wdYs¾jdohla ,efnkjd lsh,d ta wh wms;a

tlal tl;= fjkak mq¿jka' tfyu ke;=j

lf;da,slhkag yd m%Odk iNdj,

ls;=kqjkag iqndrxÑh lshkak ´fka lsh,d

fohla keye' wms ia:djrhl bkakjd

fÊiqia jykafiaf.a iqndrxÑh m%ldY

lrkakg ish¨ cd;Skag' ±ka ish¨ cd;sh

lshk jpkh ks¾jpkh fj,d ;sfhkjd

Ethnolinguistic lshk ixl,amh' bka

woyia lrkafka l;d lrk NdIdj"

ckjd¾.sl fldÜGdYj,g' wms ta foa

lrkjd' iuyr fldÜGdYj,

lf;da,slfhda" m%Odk ls;=kq iNd wh bkak

mq¿jka' yskaÿ NC;slfhda bkak mq¿jka' wms

tl md¾Yjhlg muKla lshkafka keye'

wms iqndrxÑh m%ldY lrkjd' Bg

wdl¾YKh jk wh ta ;=<ska ;ukaf.a

Ôú;hg iq.;shla we;s jqkd lshk wh ta

iqndrxÑhg m%;spdr olajkjd' tys§ fn!oaO"

yskaÿ" lf;da,sl wh bkak mq¿jks'

WodyrKhla jYfhka uu weka.a,sldkq

miqìulska wdmq flfkla' iqndrxÑh

weiqjdu uu talg wdl¾YKh jqkd' tal

uf.a Ôú;hg n,mEula we;s l<d' uf.a

Ôú;fha hï hï fjkiaùï fyd| w;g

yefrkak mgka .;a;d' uu tal wkq.ukh

lrkak mgka .;a;d' tal uu wdmq miqìu

;=< lrkak mgka .;a;du udj fldka

lrkak mgka .;a;d' we;a;gu iNdfjka

t<shg ouk ;;a;ajhla u;= jqkd' t;fldg

;uhs uu ±ka bkak iNdj mgka .;af;a'

fïl foúhka jykafiaf.a u.fmkaùula

lsh,d uu ±ka lr,d n,kfldg fmakjd'

wfma .Kldêjrhd lf;da,sl flfkla'

thdg iqndrxÑ mKsúvh wid Ôú;h fjkia

jqkdg miqj thdg tu iNdj ;=< bkak

;yxÑ wdjd' ta wh fÊiqia jykafia

w;a±laldu talg wdl¾YKh fjkjd' ta

;;a;ajh mj;ajd f.k hkak wjYHlula

fjkjd' kuq;a tjeks iNdjkaj,g

úfYaIfhkau lsh,d iqndrxÑh m%ldY

lsÍula wm lr,d keye'

tjekac,sia; iNdjkaj,g n|jd .ekSfï§

wkHd.ñlhkaf.a oßø;djh ovóud lr.

ksñka Tjqkag uq,Huh fyda fjk;a NdKav

fyda fiajd u.ska Wmldr ,nd§ï isÿlrk

njg fpdaokd kef.kjd' fï ms<sn|j

Tnf.a woyi l=ulao@

oßø;djh wm rg ;=< ;sfnk fohla'

hym;a iuß;dkqjrhdf.a l;dkaorhg

wkqj fÊiqia jykafia tu l;dj lsh,d

weiqjd ljqo iuß;dkqjkag wi,ajeisfhl=

jqfka lsh,d' uf.a wi,ajeishd lshk

m%Yakh ;=<ska wka;sug W;a;rh wdfõ

wjYH;djfha§ Wmldr lrmq flkd ;uhs

lsh,d' túg f,úhd o mQclhd o fkdfjhs

iuß;dkqjd' túg fÊiqia jykafia lSfõ

tfykï Tn;a .syska tal lrkak lsh,d

lshd isáhd' t;fldg fÊiqia jykafia wmg

b.ekajQfõ fudllao@ ;ukaf.a

wi,ajeishdg fm%au lrkjd lsh,d lshkafka

wjYH;djhla ;sfhk flfkl=g ;ukag

Woõ lrkak mq¿jka kï thd ;uhs uf.a

wi,ajeishd' thdg fm%auh olajkak' fudlo

fÊiqia jykafia lsõjd zks;ru foúhka

jykafiag wms fm%au lrkafka" wdorh

lrkafka fldfyduo ifydaorhdg fm%au

lrkafka ke;akï' ta ksid ls;=kq iNdj

w;S;fha b|,du oßø;djh ;snqfka

ug lshkak ;sfhkafka tjekac,sia; wh ljodj;a n,y;aldrfhka ñksiqkaj yrjkafka keye' iqndrxÑh m%ldY lrkjd' tal wmsg jHjia:dj ;=<ska ;sfnk ksoyila jk woyia m%ldY lsÍfï whs;sh' tal wmsg jHjia:dfjka ,nd§, ;sfhkjd' th mdúÉÑ lrkjd ñila wms m%pKav;ajh n,y;aldrlu mdúÉÑ lr,d lghq;= lrkafka keye' wr iudc fiajd ;=<ska fY%aIaG wd{dj bIag lrk whhs" jpkh m%ldY lsÍu ;=<ska bIag lrk whhs iuyr wh olskafka tlu ls%ia;shdks lKavdhï lsh,d' fuys§ hïlsis jerÈ f;areï .ekSula ;sfnkjd' tl w;lska wms glrka §,d" wrjd §,d wks;a w;ska nhsn,h §,d' fïl ukqIHhka ;=< we;sfj,d ;sfnk jerÈ wjfndaOhla' wjfndaOh ksjerÈ lrkak wmsg udOH bv fokafka keye'


44fld;eko t;ekg .shd' wkd: jqkq ljqo

t;ekg .shd' Red Cross ixúOdkh jeks

foaj,a fukak fï ixl,amh ksid" ÿmam;a

ck;djg frda.S ;;a;ajhla ;snqko ta whg

Wmldr l<d' t;fldg fuh fÊiqia

jykafiaf.a b.ekaùïj, m%Odk;u

b.ekaùula' tal lrkak wms ne¢,d

bkakjd' tal yeu flfkl=g lrk fohla'

lf;da,sl iNdj yd m%Odk ls;=kq iNdjka

lrkjd' kuq;a tjekac,sia; iNdjkaj,g

lrkak yelshdjla keye' wmsg;a Woõ

lrkak mq¿jka kï wfma W;=re i¿j

.,j,d wmg fokak lsh,d ;sfhkafka'

Woõ lsÍu ukqIHhka m%;sfCIam lrkjd

kï tal wmsg f;areï .kak wudrehs'

foaj.e;s;=ud lshkak W;aidy lrkafka

lsisu wdldrhl w,a,ia ,nd§ula Tn

iNdfjka lrkafka keye lsh,o@ miq.sh

ld, jljdkqj,§ jeÈ .ïudkj,g f.dia

Tjqkag úúO ;E.s fnda. ,nd§,d tajd

foúhka jykafia ÿkakd lshd lSu ;=< úúO

wdkafoda,k we;s jqkd' tjeks ls%hdjka Tfí

iNdjkaj,ska isÿjkafka keye lsh,o Tn

lshkak W;aidy lrkafka@

ug;a lshkak ;sfhkafka wfma rfÜ

ckdêm;s lshk foa uhs' bkakjd kï

f.akak bÈßhg' ±ka ckdêm;s lshkjdfka

uqia,sï wh .eyqjdkï f.akak lsh,d' wmsg

fï jf.a fpdaokd lrk wh tla

flfklaj;a ;ju f.fk,a,d keye'

f.kdmq wh;a lshjkak yo,d f.k;a

;sfnkjd' tfyu kï fudllao lrkak

´fka@ idOdrK yd iajdëk lñgqjla

m;alr,d Th jf.a whj f.k,a,d ta whg

l;d lr,d iqÿiq mshjr .kak ´fka'

m%Yakhla kï fpdaokd lrk whu okakjd

ta wh lrkafka fndre fpdaokd lsh,d'

wmg ´kEu fndre fpdaokdjla lrkak

mq¿jkafka' NGO fldñIka tlg weú;a

Tfya lsõjd - lsõjg ldjj;a f.kdjo@

wehs TÉpr fpdaokd ;sfhkjd kï

Widúhla bÈßhg f.fkkak neß' ta wkqj

wmsg úreoaOj ks;Hdkql+,j ls%hd lrkak

mq¿jka fï whg w,a,ia ,nd§,d wd.ug

yefrõjd lsh,d' fpdaokd f.ak tla

wfhl=j;a tal Tmamq lrkak lghq;=

lrkafkj;a keye' lghq;= lrk njla

fmkajkafk;a keye' f,fyisu l%uh

fpdaokd lrk tl'

uQ,sl ñksia whs;sjdislula f,i ie,flk

wd.ñl ksoyi nqla;s ú£ug Tn iNdjkaj,

idudðlhskag ;sfnk ndOl fudkjdo@

ndOl kï wkka;hs' WodyrK jYfhka

±lajqjfyd;a wm iNdfõ <uhskag mdie,a

.syska ;ukaf.a wd.u woykak whs;shla

;sfnkjd lshkjd jHjia:dfj;a' m%dfhda.sl

f,i ls%hd;aul ùfï§ wfma <uhskag

fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka@ mdie, ;=<§ wod<

fõ,djkaj, m%dfhda.sl Ndú;d lsÍug

fukau ta whg bf.k .kako wjia:d

keye' rcfhka lshkjd ta whg W.kajkak

.=rejre keye lsh,d' ta wkqj wfma <uhskag

wks;a wd.ula bf.k .kak fj,d

;sfhkjd' Bg wu;rj Tng fuu N+ñhg

tk úg f.dvke.s,a,la Ndf.g yo,d

;sfnkjd fmakjd' fudllao fïlg jqfka@

th wfma ld¾hd,h i|yd bÈlsÍug fhdað;

f.dvke.s,a,la' wms wjqreÿ ;=kla ú;r

kd.ßl ixj¾Okh;a tlal .kqfokq lr,d

th bÈlsÍug wjirhla .;a;d' wjirh

.;a;dg miq ia,eí tl uq¿uKskau oukak

yok fldg wmsg kd.ßl ixj¾Okfhka

w;aikla ke;s ,shqula f.k;a ÿkakd fuu

f.dvke.s,a, bÈlsÍu k;r lrkak lsh,d'

ug fmd,Sishg tkak lsõjd' fmd,Sishg

.shdu foaYmd,k n,mEï ;sfhkjd fï


wjidkfha§ uQ,sl whs;sjdislï fm;aiula

fhduq lrkak isÿjqkd' fuu f.dvke.s,a,

bÈlsÍu i|yd kshñ; j,x.= ld,h bl=;a

jk ;=re tu kvqj weof.k hdug kd.ßl

ixj¾Okh lghq;= l<d' túg YsrdKs

;s,lj¾Ok ue;sKsh isáfha' weh lsõfõ

bÈlsÍï l< hq;= ld,h bl=;afj,d

;sfnkjd' ta ksid kej; kd.ßl

ixj¾Okhg w¿;ska b,a ï m;%hla fhduq

lrkak lsh,d' t;fldg;a wjir ÿkafka

ke;akï kej;;a fY%aIaGdêlrKhg tkak

lsh,d' fï ,CI .Kka úhoï lr,d ug

lshkjd kvqjla od,d wdhs;a

fY%aIaGdêlrKhg tkak lsh,d' t;fldg

fudllao wms fïflka bf.k .;af;a@ wo

ls%ia;shdks ixúOdkj,g ks;Hdkql+,

wjirh wrf.k m¾pia 40 la ;sfhkak

´fka lsõjd' wms ta jeks bvula f.kdjd'

wjqreÿ ;=kla .shd wjir .kak' th

wrf.k;a yokak ÿkafka keye' ta wkqj wo

ls%ia;shdks iNdjkaj,g whs;shla keye

f.dvke.s,a,la yod.kak' Bg wu;rj

j¾;udkfha ol=Kq m<df;a ;sfnk w¿;au

;;a;ajh fmd,Sish f.k,a,d ;¾ckh lr,d

,shdmÈxÑ ù keye lsh,d iNdjka jidf.k

hkjd' tjeks isoaê 35 la jd¾;d fjkjd

miq.sh udi y;rl ld,h ;=<' wfma

jHjia:dfõ yeáhg wd.ula woykak

,shdmÈxÑ fjkak wjYH keye' wo

f.j,aj, /iaùula lrkak neß ;;a;ajhla

wms <Õ ;sfhkafka' ta ú;rla fkdfõ

ksoyi ,enqjdg miqj wmf.a whs;sjdislï

W,a,x>Kh fj,d ;sfnkjd' wmsg ,shdmÈxÑ

fjkak l%uhla keye' wmsg md¾,sfïka;=

mk;lska ,shdmÈxÑ fjkak neye' jHdmdr

kS;sh hgf;a;a ,shdmÈxÑ fjkak ;snQ bvlv

;ykï l<d' th jHdmdrj,g ñi

iNdjkaj,g fkdfõ lsh,d wmsg ,shdmÈxÑ

ùug ;sfnk wjia:d rch u.skau ke;s

lr,d' fmd,Sish weú;a wykjd Thd

,shdmÈxÑ fj,do lshd,d' tfia fkdue;s

kï .syska m%dfoaYSh iNdfõ ,shdmÈxÑ

fjkak lshkjd' tfia lrkak .shdu

m%dfoaYSh iNdfõ b,a ï m;%j,g wkqj <Õ

mkai,la ;sfnkjdo@ fldÉpr msßila

bkakjdo@ ta ;=<ska ,shdmÈxÑ ùug neß

moaO;shla Wod lr,d' Bg;a wu;rj fn!oaO

lghq;= wud;HdxYfhka wkqu; lrf.k

tkak o lshkjd' wehs wms fn!oaO lghq;=

wud;HdxYhg hd hq;af;a@ ta wkqj wo rfÜ

kS;shla keye lsh,d ljqre;a ms<s.kakjd' t

jf.au ls%ia;shdks wh ksYap,j isàu ksid

fï ;;a;ajhka Wodfj,d' fuh tjekac,sia;

whg muKla n,mdk fohla fkdfõ'

ls;=kqjkao wjÈ úh hq;= fõ,djla" wfma

whs;Ska fjkqfjka' tod mdi, rchg .ekSu

;=<ska fõjd" lkHd fidhqßhka frday,aj,ska

whska lsÍu fõjd" ta whg ùid ;ykï lsÍu

fõjd" jHjia:dj 1972 § Y%S ,xldj fn!oaO

rgla lsÍu fõjd" 1978 jHjia:dj tu

;;a;ajh ;j ÈhqKq lsÍfuka fõjd" w¿;skau

fndÿ n, fiakdj lshkakdla fuka fïl

fn!oaO rgla lsh,d rch u.ska m%ldY

lsÍu;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd' wms f,dalh

Èyd ne¨fjd;a tkak tkak rdcHh;a

wkq.dñl fjkjd' fya;=j f,dalh wo úYaj

ndOl kï wkka;hs' WodyrK jYfhka ±lajqjfyd;a wm iNdfõ <uhskag mdie,a .syska ;ukaf.a wd.u woykak whs;shla ;sfnkjd

lshkjd jHjia:dfj;a' m%dfhda.sl f,i ls%hd;aul ùfï§ wfma <uhskag fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka@ mdie, ;=<§ wod< fõ,djkaj,

m%dfhda.sl Ndú;d lsÍug fukau ta whg bf.k .kako wjia:d keye' rcfhka lshkjd ta whg W.kajkak .=rejre keye lsh,d' ta wkqj wfma <uhskag wks;a wd.ula bf.k .kak fj,d ;sfhkjd' Bg

wu;rj Tng fuu N+ñhg tk úg f.dvke.s,a,la Ndf.g yo,d ;sfnkjd fmakjd' fudllao fïlg jqfka@ th wfma ld¾hd,h i|yd bÈlsÍug fhdað; f.dvke.s,a,la' wms wjqreÿ ;=kla ú;r kd.ßl ixj¾Okh;a tlal .kqfokq lr,d th bÈlsÍug wjirhla .;a;d'

wjirh .;a;dg miq ia,eí tl uq¿uKskau oukak yok fldg wmsg kd.ßl ixj¾Okfhka w;aikla ke;s ,shqula f.k;a ÿkakd fuu



45

.ïudkhla njg m;aù ;sîuh' weußldfõ

uqia,sï wh bkakjd' uE;l§ weußldfõ

fndiagka kqjr§ isÿjQ fndaïn m%ydrfhka

ñh .sh wh fjkqfjka wka;¾ wd.ñl foaj

fufyhla isÿlsÍug lghq;= l<d' ta wkqj

Tjqka wks;a wd.ïj,g .re lsÍula isÿl<d'

ol=Kq wms%ldfõ jHjia:dj .;af;d;a 80]

lg jvd ls%ia;shdksks isák rgl jHjia:dj

yok úg fviaukaâ gqgq ro.=re;=ud lshd

isáfha trg jHjia:dj wk.dñl

jHjia:djla úh hq;= njhs' túg t;=ud lSjd

§¾> ld,hla ckjd¾.slj wek fldgd

.;a;d' ±ka wd.ñl m%Yak we;s lrkak tmd'

ta ksid wk.dñl jHjia:djla we;s lrkak

lshd b,a,d isáhd' bkaÈhdj m%n, rgla

fj,;a uOHu rch wk.dñl fj,d'

m%.;sYS,s rgj,a olskjd ckjd¾.sl fyda

wd.ñl moku u; rgj,a fn§u ;=<

wkd.;hla keye lsh,d' tfia ;sìh§ ta

rgj,a bÈßhg hkfldg wfma rg wdmiaig

.uka lrkjd' Y%S ,xld wkkH;djhka we;s

lr.kak wjYHhs' iq¿ ck fldgia fldka

lrmq .uka .eg¿ Wodfjkjd' wms wjqreÿ 30

l hqoaOfhka lsisjla bf.kf.k keye' wms

ch.%dyS udkisl;ajfhka b|f.k

biafi,a,d fou< whg ÿkakd' B<Õg

uqia,sï whg fokjd' B<Õg ls%ia;shdks whg

fokjd' ta ;=<ska Y%S ,xldj isxy, fn!oaO

rgla lshñka furg wks;a wd.ñlhkag

Ôj;a ùula keye' wms f;areï .kak ´fka

f,dalh fjkiafj,d lsh,d' ta ksihs wo

weußldj wd.ñl jevigyka fkd;nd

wka;¾ wd.ñl jevigyka ixúOdkh

lrkafka' l=reishla we|f.k rCIdjlg

wdjd lshd ì%;dkH .=jka fiajfha .=jka

fiaúldjlf.a jev ;ykï l<d'

j¾;udkfha olskag ,efnk uQ,O¾ujd§

.egqï wka;¾ wd.ñl iyÔjkh lvd ì|

ouñka wd.ñl .egqula lrd j¾Okh úh

yels jd;djrKhla ±lSh yelsh' tu

m%jK;djh Tn olskafka flfiao@

uQ,O¾ujdohg weÕs,a, È.= lsÍu

iïmQ¾Kfhkau jerÈhs' m%pKav;ajh ;sì,d

;sfnkjd iudch ;=<' th yeu wjia:

djl§u ls%hd;aul lr,d ;sfnkafka

uQ,O¾ujd§ lshk lKavdhï fkdfõ' ta

whg úreoaOj ke.sgqkq fn!oaO wka;jd§ka

yeu wjia:dj,§ fjk;a wd.ñl

fldÜGdYj,g m%pKav;ajh mdúÉÑ lr,d

;sfnkjd' tjekac,sia; lshk msßig

tfyu ke;akï uQ,O¾ujd§kag' fya;=j wms

f;areï .kak wdldrhg tfyu ke;skï

wms nhsn,h f;areï .kak wdldrhg

m%pKav;ajh wmsg whs;s keye' yeu wd.ula

iu.u uQ,O¾ujdoh meg,Su jerÈhs'

ls;=oyfï uQ,O¾ujdoh hkq fÊiqia

jykafiaf.a b.ekaùu' Tfí tl lïuq,lg

.eiqfjd;a wks;a lïuq, yrjkak' W;=re

i¿j .;fyd;a lñih;a fokak lsh,d'

fma;Dia .syska uhslDiaf.a lK lmkfldg

fÊiqia jykafia tal fyd|hs lsh,d wkqu;

lf<a keye' fma;Diag ;rjgq l<d' lvqj

od.kak lshkjd' lvq .;a; wh lvqfjkau

kisk nj lshkjd' uhs;Diaf.a lK iqj

lrkjd' wms olsk uQ,O¾ujdoh wks;a

uQ,O¾ujdo iu. ikaikaokh lrkak

neye' t;ekhs ;sfnk jro' ls%ia;shdks

uQ,O¾uh hym;a fohla' uu lshkafka

keye wms ú;rhs hym;a wks;a ls;=kqjka

hym;a keye lsh,d' kuq;a wms lreKq

weú;a n,kfldg wms uq,g .shfyd;a

fïlhs lshd' ±ka fn!oaO uQ,O¾ujd§ka

hym;a fjkak ´fka' nqÿka jykafia

ljrodj;a ysxidj mdúÉÑ lrkak lsh,d

lsõfõ keye' foaj o;a;hdg jqk;a

fndfydau lreKdfjka Wkajykafia

ie,l=fõ' fndÿ n, fiakdj wmsg lshkak

neye uQ,O¾ujd§ lsh,d' ta wh wka;jd§ka'

ta whf.a ls%hdldrlï wrka ne¨jfyd;a ta

wh wka;jd§ka' ta ksid wka;jd§ka yd

uQ,O¾ujd§ka w;r fjkila ;sfnkjd'

ls;=oyfï uQ,O¾ujdoh wka;jd§ keye'

wmsg l=rei hqoaO ;snqKd' yenehs tajd we;s

lr .;af;a ukqIHhd ksid' foúhka

jykafia lshmq fohla fkdfjhs' ta wh

lshkjd mrK .súiqfï ta wh urkak fï

wh urkak lsh,d' kuq;a wms Ôj;a

fjkafka w¿;a .súiqu ;=<' fÊiqia jykafia

mrK .súiqu iïmQ¾Kfhkau wfydais

fkdl<;a wmsg Ôj;a fjkak fÊiqia

jykafia w¿;a l%uhla ÿkakd' ta ;=<

ls;=kqjl=g ljodj;a wú .kak neye

weußldj hqoaOj,g meg¿kdg ls%ia;shdks

cd;shla jYfhka' kuq;a wmsg tal lshkak

neye ls%ia;shdks l%ufõohla lsh,d' ta ksid

ukqIHhka lrk foa ;=<ska wmsg ks¾jpkh

lrkak neye' kuq;a ta ta wd.ï iy ta ta

ks¾ud;Djrekaf.a b.ekaùï ikaikaokh

lr,d ne¨fjd;a ls;=kq uQ,O¾ujd§ka

fndfydau iduldñhs'

ls%ia;shdks oyfï fõo idCIshka fjk;a

lsisu wd.ul keye' .sh Y; j¾Ifha

ls%ia;shdks whj urmq whj uq¿ 19 jk Y;

j¾Ih mqrdjgu jvd jeähs' wehs ta whj

uerefõ@ ta whg m%;sm%ydr fokak

;snqKfka' m%;sm%ydr fkdfokafka ta wh

wúysxidj .ek ;Èka úYajdi lrk ksidh'

uE;l§ m%§ma l=ud¾ lshk flkdf.a

ifydaoßhj mia fofkl= tl;=fj,d iuQy

¥IKhla lr,d ;sfnkjd wd.fï

kdufhka' ta mqoa.,hdj urkak fydhkjd'

thd yex.s,d Ôj;a fjkafka' fïjd

wka;jd§ ls%hd' tajdg uQ,O¾ujdoh lshkak

neye' fudlo fn!oaO uQ,O¾ujdoh óg

jvd wúysxidjd§hs'

uu olsk úÈhg tjekac,sia;jre ljodj;a

m%pKav;ajhg fm<fUk tlla keye'

fya;=j wms tal Tmamq lr,d ;sfnkjd' 2003-

2004 jljdkqj,§ iNdjkaj,g yd

isoaOia:dkj,g myr ÿkakd' .sks ;sínd'

tla fiajlhl= foajia:dkfha isáh§ Tyqf.a

fldKavh lemqjd' urkak yeÿjd' Tyq

mek,d .shd' fï tl ia:dkhlj;a myr

§ug wd lsisjl=g .,la wrka .eiqfõ keye'

Bg fya;=j ta wh jpkfha mßiudma;d¾:

fhkau tjekac,sia; oyu wkq.ukh lrk

wh' miq.sh udi 4 ;=< wmf.a iNdjkaj,g

myr§ï 36 la jd¾;d fjkjd' kuq;a lsis

úglÈ fyda m%;sm%ydr §ula jd¾;d jkafka

keye' kuq;a wksl=;a ls;=kq iNdjkaj,

wdl,amh .ek ug lsj fkdyelshs'

uqia,sïjrekag tfrysj j¾;udkfha

isÿlrk ;dvk mSvk foi ukqIH weiska

ne¨jfyd;a ta wh fldÉpr ÿrg bjid

isào lsh,d lshkak wudrehs' wms wo

bkafka .sks lkao;a mqmqrk hq.hl' fïl

yßu Nhdklhs' ug f;afrkafka keye wehs

rch ksYap,j bkafka lshd' fï ;=<ska

kej; jrla hqoaOhlg ;,a ùula isÿfõú'

kej; jrla wms hqoaOhlg uqia,sï m%cdj

iu. .shfyd;a tal Nhdkl fõú' fudlo

ta wh oñ< m%cdj jf.a fkdfjhs'

msgrgj,ska ±kgu;a n,mEï weú;a

;sfhkjd' ±kgu;a wrdì rgj,

;dkdm;sjre ckdêm;s;=ud uqK.eiS

idlÉPd lr ;sfnkjd fï .eg¿j ms<sn|j'

fï ksid wka;¾ wd.ñl iyÔjkhg

ydkslr uÜgñka we;sù ;sfnk fuu

;;a;ajhka iukh fldg h<s;a jrla

wd.ñl uqyqKqjrlska hqO ;;a;ajhla rg

;=< we;sùu b;du;a läkñka je<elaúh

hq;=h' th hq.fha wjYH;djhla f,i

ie,lsh yelsh'

wms f,dalh Èyd ne¨fjd;a tkak tkak rdcHh;a wkq.dñl fjkjd' fya;=j f,dalh wo úYaj .ïudkhla njg m;aù ;sîuh' weußldfõ uqia,sï wh bkakjd' uE;l§ weußldfõ fndiagka kqjr§ isÿjQ fndaïn m%ydrfhka ñh .sh wh fjkqfjka wka;¾ wd.ñl foaj fufyhla isÿlsÍug lghq;= l<d' ta wkqj Tjqka wks;a wd.ïj,g .re lsÍula isÿl<d' ol=Kq wms%ldfõ jHjia:dj .;af;d;a 80] lg jvd ls%ia;shdksks isák rgl jHjia:dj yok úg fviaukaâ gqgq ro.=re;=ud lshd isáfha trg jHjia:dj wk.dñl jHjia:djla úh hq;= njhs' túg t;=ud lSjd §¾> ld,hla ckjd¾.slj wek fldgd .;a;d' ±ka wd.ñl m%Yak we;s lrkak tmd' ta ksid wk.dñl jHjia:djla we;s lrkak lshd b,a,d isáhd' bkaÈhdj m%n, rgla fj,;a uOHu rch wk.dñl fj,d' m%.;sYS,s rgj,a olskjd ckjd¾.sl fyda wd.ñl moku u; rgj,a fn§u ;=< wkd.;hla keye lsh,d'


46

NdKav i|yd y,d,a iy;slh ksl=;a

lsÍu iïnkaOfhka rg ;=<

lsishï wdldrhl wdkafoda,khla u;=j

;sfhkjd' fuu ;;a;ajhg fya;= jQ

ldrKd Tn olskafka flfiao@

biafi,a,du y,d,a iy;slh ksl=;a lsÍu

2000 j¾Ih isg È.gu lrf.k weú;a

;sfhkjd' lsisu m%Yakhla wdfõ keye'

isxy, ck;dj;a" ,xldfõ iEu ck

fldÜGdYhlau;a tajd mßfNdackh l<d'

2012 fkdjeïn¾ udifha iq¿ msßilf.ka

iukaú; hï n,fõ.hla úiska óg

úreoaOj mgka .;a wr.,hla" ta wr.,fha

wruqK tu whf.a foaYmd,k Wjukdjla

nj ug ysf;kjd' ta ;=<ska wkd.;fha§

foaYmd,khg msúiSfï wr.,hla ;uhs ta

wh mgka .;af;a' tfia mgkaf.k

cd;sjdoh wjqiai,d cd;sjdoh ;=<ska

foaYmd,khg msúiSu f,ais ksid ;uhs ta

wr.,h mgka .;af;a' y,d,a m%Yakh

fkdfjhs ta whf.a uQ,sl ldrKh' ta

whf.a uQ,sl ldrKh wkd.;fha§

foaYmd,khg msúiSu f,ihs uu

olskafka'

y,d,a iy;slh ksl=;a lsÍu uqia,sï

uQ,O¾ujdoh jHdma; lsÍfï jEhula

f,i w¾:ksrEmKh lsÍfï iïNdú;dj

jeä w.hla .kq ,eîu ±lSh yelsh' tys

lsishï i;H;djhla ;sfnkjdo@

lsisu i;H;djhla keye' ta lshkafka

y,d,a fjkhs" uqia,sï uQ,O¾ujdoh lshk

tl fï wh ±lSula muKh' fï wh

uqia,sï uQ,O¾ujdoh lsh,d uqødjla §,d

;sfhkjd' y,d,a tfla uqia,sï

uQ,O¾ujdohla keye' y,d,a lshkafka

uqia,sï ck;djg Wjukd wdydrhla

muKhs' wms tod;a lEfõ y,d,a' wo;a

lkafka y,d,a' wkd.;fha lkafka;a

y,d,a ;uhs' tys lsisu iïnkaOhla keye

uQ,O¾ujdohg'

uqia,sïjre y,d,a iy;slh ksl=;a lsÍu

yryd rg fn§fï jHmD;shl fhfok

njg fndÿ n, fiakdj m%isoaêfha fpdaokd

lrkq ,enqjd' ta ms<sn| Tnf.a u;jdoh

l=ulao@

fndÿ n, fiakdj lshkafka msgrgj,ska

uqo,a ,ndf.k fï rfÜ uqia,sïjrekag

ysßyerhla jYfhka f.k hk jHdmdrhla

yeáhg uu olskjd' fndÿ n, fiakdj ta

ksid lrkafka wuq,sl fndrejla' fndÿ

n, fiakdjg Wjukdj ;sfhkjd

wkd.;fha§ foaYmd,khg msúiSug' ta

ksid ;uhs fïl cd;sjdoh yryd ta wh

f.dvk.kafka' fjk lsisu fya;=jla wms

olskafka keye'

uqia,sïjrekag tfrysj rg ;=< ysxikhla

f.dvkef.ñka ;sfnk nj uqia,sïjreka

lshd isákjd' uqia,sïjrekag tfrysj uE;

ld,fha isÿjQ ysxikhka fudkjdo@

uE; ld,fha§ iEfyk ysxikhka isÿjqkd'

uqia,sï m,a,sj,g .y,d ;sfnkjd'

WodyrKhla jYfhka oUq,af,a uqia,sï

foajia:dkhg lrk ,o m%ydrh

y÷kajkak mq¿jka' mqj;am;a jd¾;djkag

wkqj ±kg uqia,sï m,a,s ;sia ;=klg .

y,d ;sfhkjd' bkamiqj ta wh

fm<md,shla .shd' wfma w,a,d-W-

;=,a,djka uq¨ f,dalfha uejqïlrejdg

;uhs wms j¢kafka' t;=udf.a ku i|yka

lr,d W!frl=f.a msx;+rhla ou,d f.

ksÉpd' uqia,sï .eyeKq <uhska m¾odj

me<£ug úreoaOj uE;l§ uq,;sõj,§

uqia,sï ldka;djlg myr§,d ;sfhkjd' ta

jf.au iuyr ;ekaj,§ tkï Fashion Bug jeks ;ekaj,g myr§,d ;sfhkjd'

iuyr mkai,a .dfka .sys,a,d iïuka;%K

mj;ajkjd uqia,sï lvj,g hkak tmd

lsh,d' No Limit jf.a lvj,g hkak

tmd lshñka fndre m%pdr l<d' ;j;a

;ekl ux fmdaiaagrhla ±lald udjruxäh

kd .y ;sfhk mkai,a ykaÈfha ;du;a ta

fmdaiagf¾ .y,d ;sfhkjd - tys

;sfhkjd No Limit taflka fgd*shla

fokj¨ j| Ndjhg m;afjkak' tajd

fndre l:d' fïjd uqia,sï ixy;shg lrk

wmydihka yeáhg uu olskjd'

ta ysxikhka je<elaùu i|yd uqia,sïjre

wkq.ukh l< ls%hdud¾. fudkjdo@

uqia,sïjre wkq.ukh l< ls%hdud¾.h

;uhs bjiSu' wm bjiSu wkq.ukh l<d'

ta jf.au wm úYajdi lrk foúhkag

hdÉ[d l<d uqia,sïjrekag lsisÿ

ysxikhla fkdjk f,ig;a"

uqia,sïjrekaf.a Ôú; yd foam, wdrCId

lrk f,ig;a' ta jf.au wm

foaYmd,k{hskag;a wfma md¾,sfïka;=fõ

ue;s weu;sjrekag;a iEfyk n,mEula

l<d fï .eg¿jg ueÈy;afj,d

uqia,sïjre wdrCId lrk jevms<sfj,la

ls%hd;aul lrkak lsh,d'

uqia,sïjrekaf.a whs;Ska /l.ekSfï

jHdmdrfha wruqKq fudkjdo@

uqia,sïjrekag m%Yakhla tkfldg ta

m%Yakfha§ uqia,sïjre fldfyduo

/l.kafka lsh,d lshk u;jdoh ;uhs

wfma jHdmdrfhka lrkafka' fï rfÜ

Ôj;a jk uqia,sï iudchg l=ula fyda

ysßyerhla fjkjdkï tajd j<lajd

.ekSfï ls%hdmámdáhla Èh;a lsÍu ;uhs

w¾Idoa ksidï§ka niakdysr m<d;a iNd uka;%S iy uqia,sï whs;Ska /l.ekSfï jHdmdrfha ls%hdOr

mqj;am;a jd¾;djkag wkqj ±kg uqia,sï m,a,s ;sia;=klg .y,d ;sfhkjd

uqia,sïjrekag uE; ld,fha§ iEfyk ysxikhka isÿjqkd' uqia,sï m,a,sj,g .y,d ;sfnkjd' WodyrKhla jYfhka oUq,af,a uqia,sï foajia:dkhg lrk ,o m%ydrh y÷kajkak mq¿jka' mqj;am;a jd¾;djkag wkqj ±kg uqia,sï m,a,s ;sia ;=klg .y,d ;sfhkjd' bkamiqj ta wh fm<md,shla .shd' wfma w,a,d-W-;=,a,djka uq¨ f,dalfha uejqïlrejdg ;uhs wms j¢kafka' t;=udf.a ku i|yka lr,d W!frl= f.a msx;+rhla ou,d f.ksÉpd' uqia,sï .eyeKq <uhska m¾odj me<£ug úreoaOj uE;l§ uq,;sõj,§ uqia,sï ldka;djlg myr§,d ;sfhkjd' ta jf.au iuyr ;ekaj,§ tkï Fashion Bug jeks ;ekaj,g myr§,d ;sfhkjd'


47

wmf.a lghq;a; jkafka'

uqia,sïjrekag tfrysj isÿjk ysxikhg

tfrysj Tn jHdmdrh úfrdaO;d Èkhla

Èh;a lrkq ,enqjd' th id¾:l jQ njla

fmkS .sfha keye' tys,d we;eï

uõ,ú;=uka,d úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o

m%ldYk fya;= úh yelshs' fï ms<sn|

Tnf.a woyia ljf¾o@

ljqo lsõfõ wid¾:lhs lsh,d' wid¾:lhs

kï rch fmd,Sish" CID, yuqodj od,d

lvj,a wßkak lsh,d lshkafka keyefka'

ta ksid tal id¾:lhs' rch ueÈy;afj,d

fmd,Sishhs" yuqodjhs .syska yeu

lfâlgu lsh,d" yeu uqia,sï

m,a,shlgu .sys,a,d foaYmd,k{fhda"

wdKavqfõ ue;s weu;sjre bÈßm;afj,d

lsõjd lvj,a wßkak lsh,d' tal wms

n,y;aldrfhka lf<a keye' wms b,a,Sula

muKhs lf<a' uqia,sï iudchg zwms

ke.sg,dZ lshk tl fmkajkakhs tal

lf<a' ke;skï fjk lsisu wruqKla

;snqfKa keye' ta w;ska wms id¾:lhs'

we;eï uõ,ú;=uka,d úiska úfrdaO;djh

±laùu iqÿiq keyehs lsh,d m%ldY ksl=;a

l<d' tal foaYmd,k ldrKhla' wd.ñl

mQcljre foaYmd,kh lrkjdfka' yeu

wd.ulu jf.a lrkjd' ta whg rcfhka

fudkjdyß lsõfjd;a lrkjd' iuyr

uõ,újre weu;sjre lshk fldg;a ta foa

lrkak fm<ô,d bkakjd'

ls%ia;shdks yd fn!oaO wd.ñl m%cdj

ms<sn|j Tnf.a jHdmdrh orK wdl,amh

l=ulao@

fn!oaOhska lshkafka fï rfÜ m%Odk;u

wd.u woyk whhs' fn!oaOd.u lshkafka

f,dalfha ;sfnk W;=ï wd.ï w;ßka

tlla' ta jf.au ;uhs ls%ia;shdks wd.u;a'

wm lsisu fjkiaùula olajkafka keye'

wd.ï jYfhka lsisu fjkiaùula keye'

;ukaf.a wd.u ;uka woykjd' wmsg

wjYH jkafka tlg tluq;= ù fï rfÜ

Ôj;a fjkak' wm lsisu úreoaO;djhla

wka wd.ï flfrys olajkafka keye' wms

fn!oaO" ls%ia;shdks m%cdjka iu.

iyÔjkfhka Ôj;a fjkjd'

iduldó idlÉPd ud¾.fhka .egqï

ksrdlrKh lr.ekSug fhduq fkdù

úfrdaO;d jHdmdr f.dvke.Su yryd rg

lsishï wia:djr Ndjhlg m;aù ta ;=<ska

wd.ñl .egqulg hdug ;sfnk bvlv

wiSñ; nj ms<s.efkkjd' ta ms<sn|j

Tnf.a u;h l=ulao@

idulój idlÉPd lr,d úi÷ula wdfõ

ke;akï tys§ úfrdaO;d jHdmdrhla Èh;a

lrkak fjkjd' t;fldg úi÷ula

,efnhs' widOdrKhla jk ;ekl

idOdrKhla bgqfjkak kï t;ek

úma,ùh wdldrhg fudkjd fyda fohla

fjkak ´ke' uf.a woyi talhs'

;sia jirl hqoaOfhka mSvd ú¢ Y%S ,xldj

;=< uQ,O¾ujdoh ysi tiùu ;=<ska

hïlsis wdldrhlg wd.ñl .egqulg

hdug ;sfnk bvlv my<fjñka

mj;skjd' fï ;;a;ajh Tn olskafka

flfiao@

tal b;du;a Nhdklhs' wms wjqreÿ 30 la

iEfyk ÿlla úka|d' ta ú;rla fkdfjhs

fï wjqreÿ 30 l hqoaOh ksid wjqreÿ 100

l muK ld,hlska rg wmiaig .sys,a,d

;sfhkjd' ±ka ;sfnk ixj¾Ok ;;a;ajh

wjqreÿ 100 lg fmr ;snqKd kï wms

f,dalfha by< ixj¾ê; rgla njg

m;afjkjd' uu kï lshkafka wd.ula

;sfnkak ´fka ;ukaf.a m,a,s" mkai,a"

fldaú,a we;=f<a' wd.ïj,ska lshkafka

ukqIHhkag yefokak ;uhs' ´kEu

wd.ula lshkafka ck;djg yefokak

fohla ñi jerÈ fohla lrkak lsh,d

keye' wd.ï uq,alrf.k hqoaOhla lrkak

lsh,;a lshkafka keye'

fn!oaOhska lshkafka fï rfÜ m%Odk;u wd.u woyk whhs' fn!oaOd.u lshkafka f,dalfha ;sfnk W;=ï wd.ï w;ßka tlla' ta jf.au ;uhs ls%ia;shdks wd.u;a' wm lsisu fjkiaùula olajkafka keye' wd.ï jYfhka lsisu fjkiaùula keye' ;ukaf.a wd.u ;uka woykjd' wmsg wjYH jkafka tlg tluq;= ù fï rfÜ Ôj;a fjkak' wm lsisu úreoaO;djhla wka wd.ï flfrys olajkafka keye' wms fn!oaO" ls%ia;shdks m%cdjka iu. iyÔjkfhka Ôj;a fjkjd'

furg ck;djf.ka 7] la muK

lf;da,sl ,íêh woyk ck;dj

jk fyhskao wjqreÿ 600 g wêl

b;sydihlg Tjqka oyu ;=<ska Wreulï

lshk fyhskao lf;da,sl idik

wud;HdxYhla w;HjYH neõ

lf;da,slfhda mji;s'

uE;l isg ìysjk ls%ia;shdks

kñka we;s uQ,O¾ujd§ lKavdhïj,

iodpdr úfrdaë jevlghq;= W.% fjñka

mej;Su;a tys m%;sM, lf;da,sl

,íêlhka fj; wkH ,íêlhska

mejÍug ork W;aiyh;a ksid i¾j

ls%ia;shdks ikaOdk j,ska f;drj

lf;da,slhska yg muKla wud;HdxYhla

msysgqjd,sh hq;= nj nyq;r u;h ù we;'

cd;sl ls%ia;shdks ljqkais,h fï

jk úg bjekac,sia; ikaOdkh ;=< ish

wkkH;djh ;yjqre lrf.k we;s

neúka 1] la muK jk tlS fldgi isÿ

lrk iuyr lghq;= yuqfõ lf;da,sl

wkkH;djhg myrla t,a, ù we;s

ksid lf;da,slhska yg tjka

wud;HdxYhla ;sìh hq;= nj wd.ñl

kdhlhskaf.a o woyi ù we;'

fk,aika iynkaOq úisks

lf;da,sl idik wud;HdxYhla wjYHhs

, udOHfõ§ f,darkaia *¾äkekavq

idlÉPd lf<a (

Wmqgd .ekSuz{dkd¾: m%§mhZ mqj;amf;ks


48

ÈhqKqj fj; .uka lrkakka wd§k;ajh

;=<skah' ta ksid tu merKs iudchka

fidhd .ekSug Êric Hobsbawm g wkqj

traditions are invented hkak& udkj

úoHd{hka" b;sydi{hka" iudc úoHd{hka

fm<ôK' tu merKs iudchka" j¾;udk

m%N+ iudch (elite society) iu.

mßl,ams;j iïnkaO lsÍu cd;sljdofha

tla iajrEmhla úh' ì%;dkH uq,alr.;a

cd;sljd§ lÓldj ;=< fuh jvd;a ;yjqre

jQ w;r fuh m%d:ñl cd;sljdoh f,i

miqj idlÉPd lrhs' kQ;k;ajfha

ohf,la;sl j¾Okhla jQ fjkia Ndjh yd

taldnoaO;djh w;r iqixfhda.hla f,i

cd;sljdoh ì%;dkHh ;=< ;yjqre fjñka

tu lÓldj ì%;dkHfha hg;aúð;hka

;=<go .uka lrhs' ÈhqKqjg we;s ndOdj

jk wiydh md,lhd m%uqL merKs iudc

l%uh ì| oud kj iudc iïuq;sh we;s l<

hq;=h hk lÓldjla m%xYh ;=<ska ìysjk

w;r Tjqyq ì%;dkHhg fjkiaj merKs

iudc l%uh úkdY l< hq;=h (destruct) hk

woyi ±rE nj Geral Delardy yd Patrick O’Mahony rpkd l< Nationalism & Social Theory lD;sh u.ska fmkajd foa'

úfYaIfhkau cefldìkajrekaf.a

kdhl;ajfhka fï kj iudc l%uh ms<sn|

lÓldj iudch ;=< ;yjqre jQ w;r" rEfida

jeks wh mqrjeis Ndjh uq,alr.;a

cd;sljdohla Tiafia kj iudc iïuq;sh

we;s lsÍu ms<sn| woyi ;yjqre lrhs'

m%xYh uq,alr.;a fuu cd;sljd§ lÓldj

cd;sljdofha foaYmd,k iajrEmh f,io

Tjqyq jeäÿrg fmkajd fo;s'

fjkiaNdjh yd taldnoaONdjfha iqixfhda.

hla jQ cd;sljd§ lÓldj"

zksYaphjd§$ksh;jd§ kHdhlaZ f,i

(deterministic theory) 1920 jk ishjiaj,

;yjqre fõ' hqfrdamShkaf.a mrudo¾Yh jQ

(ideal) YsIaglsÍfï ld¾Hh ke;akï

kQ;klrKh hg;aúð;lrKh u.ska bÈß

ishjiaj, ;yjqrefõ' hg;a lr.;a

iajfoaYsl m%cdjkag fojkqj m%;s,dN

we;sjk mßÈ" m<uqj Tjqkaf.a iïm;a yd

N+ñh m%fhdackhg .ekSu hqfrdamd cd;Skaf.a

j.lSula f,i ie,l+ wdldrh m%xY

hg;aúð; fomd¾;fïka;=j 1904 §

m%ldYhg m;al< jd¾;djlska ksßCIKh

l< yel' hg;a m%cdjkaf.a iïm;a

m%fhdackhg .ekSfï§ we;sjk ydks"

zfkdje<laúh yels úkdYhkaZ - collateral damage - f,i jeäÿrg;a fmkajdfoa' wêl

úkdYhla jqjo fkdÈhqKq m%cdjka

YsIaglrKfha§ tajd idudkH isÿùï f,i

hqfrdamd wêm;Ska úYajdi l<y' tfia tla

me;a;lska tu iïm;a iQrdlEu yd iudc

l%uhka úkdY lrk w;ru ;j;a

me;a;lska hg;a m%cdjkaf.a merKs

iudchka .ek wOHhkh lsÍugo

hg;aúð; md,lhka Wkkaÿ úh' fï

wOHhkhka zjd¾.sl - ixfla;

wOHhkhkaZ (Ethnic-Symbolic Studies) u; mokï jQ w;r" iqúfYaIS wkkH;djhka

idOdrKslrKh lsÍula njg m;aúh'

hg;aúð;hka fj; kQ;k;ajh

(Modernity) meñKSuo hqfrdamd

hg;aúð;lrKfha n,j;a mshjrla úh' ta

iu.skau fuf;la mej;s iudchkag jvd

ÈhqKq iudchla hqfrdamShka i;= nj;a" ta

i|yd we;s mrudo¾Yh (ideal) fjf<|fmd,

uq,alr.;a Okjdoh je<|.ekSu njhs'

Hannah Arendit fmkajd fok mßÈ

Okjdoh iudc h:d¾:hla fkdj oDIaÀuh

f.dvke.Suls' (Capitalism is not a reality but an ideological construction – on violence, 1970, p. 21). tys ;jÿrg;a

fmkajd fokafka ish¨ iudc m%Yak

ÿrel<yels lsisu l%uhlg ikaikaokh

l< fkdyels mrudo¾YS" úYsIag

ufy!IOhla (Panacea) f,i f.dvk.d

we;s oDIaÀhla njhs' (On violence, 1970, p. 21). tu ld¾hNdrh bgql< yelafla

hqfrdamd cd;Skag muKla ùfuka hqfrdamd

cd;sljdoh yd cd;sh" f,dalfha brKu

;SrKh lrk j.lSu mjrd .kakd ,§'

fufia hqfrdamd hg;aúð;hka ÈhqKq jkúg

ta i|yd wjYH iïm;a" N+ñh fhdod .kakd

úg tys m%;sM, my<g ldkaÿjkq (Tricle Down) we;ehs hk úYajdih hqfrdamd

md,lhka ;=< úh' fufia hqfrdamd

cd;Skaf.a YsIaGlrK ls%hdodufha tla

mßjdrhla njg ,xldjo m;aúh' bka

ì%;dkH hg;aúð;lrKh ,xldj

kQ;klrKh" cd;sljdoh yd rdcH

iliaùu flfrys m%N, n,mEula we;s

lf<ah' ì%;dkH md,lhka ,xldj ;=<g

Tjqka ms<s.;a ÈhqKqùfï ufy!IOh tkak;a

l< w;r th f.da,Sh fjf<|fmd,

uq,alr.;a Okjdoh úh' kQ;klrKfhau

wx.hla f,i merKs iudchka yeoEÍu

ì%;dkH md,lhkao wkq.ukh l< w;r

th zjd¾.sl-ixfla;Z mokï lr.;a

wOHhkhla úh' flfia jqj;a kQ;kjd§

wOHhkhla f,i merKs iudchka yeoEÍu"

iqúfYaISNdjh yd ;yjqre lsÍfï (essential & deterministic) kHdhla f,i Ndú;d

lsÍu 20 jk ishji uq, isg wOHhkh l<

yel' hqfrdamd flakaøSh kQ;klrKh

my<g ldkaÿ ùfï m%;sM,hla f,i

j¾Okh jk ,dxlSh foaYSh uOHu mka;sh

- mrdëk uOHu mka;sh - ì%;dkHhka

Ydia;%Sh ld¾hhla f,i wdrïN l< merKs

iudchka wOHhkh lsÍu ;j mka;sh

fkdi,ld yeÍug – No bodies – tfrysj

oDIaÀuh fuj,ula f,i fhdod .;af;ah'

fufia 20 jk ishji jk úg merKs

iudchka ms<sn| wOHhkhka" mrdëk

foaYSh uOHu mka;shg Wvrg m%N+ka yd

ì%;dkH md,lhka iu. ;rÕ lsÍfï

wkkH;djhla (contested identity) f,i

fhdod .;a wdldrh msßlaish hq;=j we;'

flfia jqjo ksh;jd§ kHdhla njg m;ajQ

cd;sljdoh" úuqla;sh" ksoyi uq,alr.;a

/äl,a cd;sljdohla (Radical Nationalism) njg jdudxYsl jHdmdrh

yryd f.dvkef.k wdldrh wOHhkh

lsÍu;a" tys iSudjkao jdudxYsl jHdmdrfha

W!kkh ùïo wOHhkh lsÍu ,xldfõ

cd;sljdoh ms<sn|j úuiSfï§ ie,ls,a,g

.; hq;=h' tfukau kj ,snr,ajdoh;a iu.

Bg m%;spdr f,i j¾Okh jk kj

cd;sljdohkaf.a iajrEm - kj /äl,a

cd;sljdoh" wk;sNsh uq,alr.;a cd;sljdoh

(Xenophobic Nationalism), mdrcd;sljdoh ''' - wOHhkh lsÍuo"

jdudxYsl jHdmdrhka fuu cd;sljdohka

yuqfõ f.dvk.d we;s lÓldj - mYapd;a

udlaiajd§ lÓldj - ms<sn|jo wjfndaO

lr.; hq;=uh'

cd;sljdofha j¾Okh ms<sn|j udkhka

lsysmhlska wOHhkh lr we;' Ernest

cd;sh yd cd;sjdoh ms<snò'''''

02 msgqfjka ?wêlrKh" rdcHfha wd¾Ólh" jHjia:dodhlh we;=¿ ish¨ u¾uia:dk mjqf,a idudðlhskaf.a leue;a; wlue;a; njg m;afjñka foaYmd,k cd;sljdoh ;=< Tmj;ajQ m%cd;ka;%jdoh" idOdrK;ajh" ksoyi jeks jákdlï bj;a lrñka fulS uOH.;lrKh yd flakaøSh Ndjh wdrCId lrk m%d:ñl cd;sljd§ ke;akï uQ,O¾ujd§ cd;sl Wu;=jla f.dvkÕd we;' fuu flakaøS Ndjh yd uQ,O¾ujdoh úfYaIfhkau W;=f¾ Yla;su;a jQ fou< cd;sljdoh;a iu. ol=fKa isxy,-fn!oaO cd;sljdoh fyd¢ka fmdaIKh jQ w;r th ñka fmr ljrodlgj;a jvd 2005 jk úg ol=fKa iudcfha fmdÿ woyila ke;akï m%Odk lÓldjla njg m;aúh' ;ukaf.a wfkld i;=frl= f,i olsñka Tyq ysxikuh wdldrfhka fyda mrdch lsÍu ke;akï ;ukaf.a wfkld f.a meje;aug bv fkd§u fuu cd;sljdofha m%Odk ,CIKh fõ' fï ksid ;ukaf.a wfkld jQ fou¿ka foaYmd,k wjldYh ;=< isák ;rÕldrfh;= f,i fkdj úkdY l< hq;= i;=frl= njg nysIalrKh úh'


49Gellner m%uqL iïNdjH Ñka;lhka fyj;a

kQ;kjd§ Ñka;lhka yd wdol,ams;jd§ka

(Primordialists) fyj;a jd¾.sl-

ixfla;jd§ka (Ethno-symbolists) cd;sljdoh wl%uj;a yd úYaùh (universal) m%mxphla f,i ú.%y lsÍu W;aidy ord

we;' kHdhd;aul ixl,amh ú.%dyd;aul

Wmdx.hla f,i Ndú;d l<o th ;ukag

jdisodhl yd reÑ ldrKd ;yjqre lsÍug

yd fidhd .ekSug muKla iSud ù we;' 19

yd 20 ishjiaj, mej;s ;;a;ajh u;

cd;sljdoh ksYaphjd§ kHdhla

(deterministic theory) f,i ;yjqre lsÍug

ixl,am fhdodf.k we;' fï ksid

cd;sljdoh ;ks m%mxphla (single Phenomenae) f,i ú.%y lsÍug Tjqyq

fm<ö we;' cd;sljdoh jkdys wdêm;Hh

(Hegemony) Wfoid ;rÕ jeÿkq há

wruqKla iys; lKavdhï$wkkH;djhka"

iudcfha úisreKq in|;d idfmaCI f,i

taldnoaO lsÍug fhdod.;a NdIduh yd

ixfla;d;aul (Language & symbolic) f.

dvkexùula f,i lÓld kHdh (discourse theory) ú.%y lrhs'

Chantal Mouffe, Ernesto, Laclau keu;s

m%lg mYapd;a udlaiajd§ (Post Marxist) Ñka;lhkaf.a b.ekaùï fuys§ jeo.;afõ'

Tjqka uQ,slj fmkajd fokafka iudchla

f.dvkef.kafka ;ks fyda úYaùh

uQ,O¾uhla u; fkdjk njhs' (Laclau & Mouffe, 1985: 3). ta fjkqjg wyUq

uQ,O¾uhkag wkqj (Contingent Principles) ish¨ iudchka f.dvk.d we;s w;r

iudcfha mj;sk úúO ixrplhka

;djld,sl wkkH;djhlska tald.% lr

we;' “Society & social agents lack any essence, and their regularities merely consist of the relative and precarious forms of fixation which accompany the establishment of certain order (Laclau & Mouffe, 1985: 98). foaYmd,k wr., fï

wkqj m%;súreoaO lKavdhïj, wkkH;djh

fjkia lrñka kj fmdÿ wNs,dIhla f.

dvk.ñka" tla lÓldjla ;j;a lÓldjlska

;yjqre lsÍuhs' NdIdj" ixfla;hka

taldnoaO l< jHQyhla f,i f;areï lrk

Tjqka lÓldj iudch ;yjqre lrñka yd

w¾:j;a lrñka jHQyd;aul iuia;hla njg

m;alrk Wmdx.hla f,i fmkajd foa' fï

wkqj lÓldj nyq;aj wkkH;djhkag

újD;" wyUq" ft;sydisl tfukau

m%;súreoaOh' fï ksid wjodkï iys;

(thereby highlighting its vulnerability) l%ufõohls' fï ksid lÓldj oDIaÀhla

(ideology) u;u fkdmj;S' oDIaÀh

lÓldfõ tla wx.hla muKla jk w;r

th tlsfklg iïnkaO ixl,am cd,hla

fjñka lÓld f,dalfha Wmdx.hla ù we;'

lÓldj fï wkqj úYajdih fyda >KjQ

fohla fkdfõ' lÓld jHQyh

ks¾udKd;aul Ndú;hla jk w;r bka

iudc in|;d yd wx.hka ixúOdkh lrhs'

A discursive structure is an articulatory

practise which constitutes and organizes social relations – Laclau & Mouffe, 1985: 96. ^lÓld jHQyh fï ksid iudc in|;d

;yjqre lrk yd ixúOdkh lrk

ks¾udKd;aul ls%hdldÍ;ajhls'& fï ksid

cd;sljdoh lÓlduh f.dvkexùula nj

jgyd.; hq;=uh' lÓlduh m%fõYh u.ska

.egqïldÍ zuyd yd iq¿Z cd;sljd§

.;slhka" ixl,amSh wdêm;Hh (conceptual hegemony) Wfoid jk ;rÕhla f,i

kHdh.; lrhs' cd;sl iïm%odhka

ks¾udKh l< (national traditions are invented) foaj,ah hk Eric Hobsbawm f.a ;¾lh ms<s.; yels

w;ru tu.ska tys ^cd;sljdoh& oDIaÀuh

jHdmD;sh yd úreoaOjd§ .;slhka

úLKavkh (deconstruct) lsÍug yelsfõ'

fï ksid fkdkj;sk .egqï mj;sk

cd;sljd§ jHdmdrhka ms<sn| isoaê

wOHhkh lsÍug lÓld kHdh

úprKmfhda.S l%ufõohla (heuristic methodology) f,io b;sydi wOHhkh

;=< fhdod .kS'

cd;sljdoh ksh;jd§$ksYaphjd§ kHdhla

(deterministic theory) f,i fjkiaNdjh

yd wLKavNdjh ;yjqre lrñka j¾Okh jQ

w;r th kQ;k;ajfha ksIamdokhla fukau

fjkal< fkdyels m%mxphla f,i fndfyda

b;sydi{hka fmkajdfoa' uydpd¾h Ernest Gellner ld¾ñllrKfha kj Y%u úNdckh

;yjqre l< iDcq yd jl% m%;sM,h

zcd;sljdohZ f,i ú.%y lrhs' Tyq ta ;=<

fmkajd fokafka ksYaÑ; N+ñhla ;=< Y%uh

ixúOdkh lsÍfï oDIaÀuh f.dvkexùu

cd;sljdoh njhs' (Ernest Gellner, Nations & Nationalism, 1983, p. 40) rdcH yd

ixialD;sh újdy ùfuka iEÿkq orejd

cd;sljdoh jk w;ru" ixialD;sh

kQ;k;ajfha w,a;drh u; mQckSh ù we;ehs

uydpd¾h Gellner jeäÿrg;a tys i|yka

lrhs' Tom Nairn fmkajd fokafka

kQ;k;ajh" cd;sljdofhka .e,úh

fkdyels njhs' (T. Narin, Faces of Nationalism, 1997, p. 26). Eric Hobsbawm, David Laitin, John Breuilly, Elie Kedourie, Walker Connor jeks m%lg b;sydi{hkao

cd;sljdoh" kQ;k rdcH ;ekSu ;=< r|jd

;nhs' zrdcH Ndr.kafka ljqo@Z Who possess the State? – J. Breuilly, Nationalism & the State, 1994, p. 18) hkak kQ;k;ajh iu. u;=jQ ixjdohhs'

widyh md,lhdf.ka (absolute Monarchy) .,jd.;a rdcH NdrÈh hq;af;a zcd;shgZ

nj;a" ta zcd;shZ ixúOdkh lsÍu

zcd;sljdohZ jQ nj wjfndaO lr.; yel' ta

w;ru kQ;k;ajhg iu.dó fjñkau"

cd;sh kQ;k;ajhg fmr olajd .uka

lrkakla nj ‘Ethno-Symbolic School’ u.

ska fmkajdfoa' A.D. Smith cd;sh ;=< we;s

m%d:ñl (Proto) ;;a;ajh ms<s.ksñkau th

kHdhla f,i yd iudch ixúOdkh lsÍfï

ls%hdj,shla f,i ^cd;sljdoh& ;yjqre jQfha

kQ;k wjÈh ;=< nj ms<s.kshs (A.D.

Smith, Ethno-Symbolism and Nationalism, 1987, p. 13). cd;sljdoh hqfrdamh ;=<

uq,skau j¾Okh jk w;r m%xY úma,jfhka

miqj ^1792-1802&" úfYaIfhkau

kefmda,shdkq jHdmdrfha msì§u;a iu.

^1805-1814& th jvd;a ;Sj% úh' tla;rd

úÈylg hqfrdamdlrKfha (Westernization) mq¿,a m%ldYkhla f,io y÷kd.; yel' 20

jk ishji uq,a ld,fha isá hqfrdamd

fkdjk Ydia;%{hka lsysmfofkl=u

cd;sljdoh" hqfrdamd jHdma;jdoh Tiafia

hqfrdamfhka wdkhkh lrk ,oaola nj

y÷kd.kakd ,§' rìkaøkd;a ;df.da¾;=udg

wkqj" wmeyeÈ<s j¾Khkao i¾jjHdmsjdoh

(Cosmopolitanism) fyda ìysiqkq cd;s-

jkaokdj (Nation-worship) bka§h

iudcfha wruqK fkdjk njh' (R. Tagore, Nationalism, 1917, p. 15). 19" 20 ishjiaj,

wdishdfõ m%d:ñl cd;sljd§ m%N+ka (Proto Nationalist Elite) f.k .sh iajfoaYShNdj

(Indigenousness) hg;a úð;jd§ka

wdfrdamKh l< cd;sljdofha jxpksl

iajrEmhla f,io ú.%y lrhs' cd;sljdoh

hqfrdamfhka msg jHdma;ùfï§ th ±ä

wdma;jd§ (Dogmatic) yd nysIalrKjd§

(Exclusive) iajrEmhlska ;yjqre ù we;'

fuh hqfrdaflakaøSh jd¾.SlrKhla

(Eurocentric Ethnization) f,i Daniele Conversi fmkajd foa' (Daniele Conversi, Modernism and Nationalism, 2012, Concept Paper, University of Basque, Spain). kQ;k;ajh uq,alr.;a zÈhqKqùuZ

ke;akï iudc bxðfkare l%ufõoh ms<s.

ksñka zmsßisÿNdjhZ" iqúfYaIS;djh yd

neyer lsÍu u; mokïjQ iqixfhda.hla

f,i cd;sljdoh j¾Okhfõ' fufia

kQ;kjd§ jHQyhla u; mokïjQ cd;sljd§

lÓldj iajrEm follska y÷kd.; yel'

³ cd;sljdofha m%d:ñl iajrEmh -

Primary condition in Nationalism/Proto Nationalism

³ cd;sljdofha foaYmd,k iajrEmh -

Political condition in Nationalism/Radical Nationalism

jd¾.sl-ixfla;jdoh (Ethnic-Symbolism), iqúfYaISNdjh" nysIalrKh mokïj m%d:

ñl cd;sljdoh f.dvkef.a' bx.%Sis

l%ufõoh (English Methodology) f,i

y÷kd.kakd m<uq lÓldj" ro< m%N+ka

(aristocratic) yd uOHu mdka;sl

(bourgeois) wruqKq yd wCIhka jgd

ks¾udKh jQ lÓldjlah' m%cd iduqysl;ajh

uq,alr.;a zrdcHZ w;am;alr.ekSfï

foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla fkdue;sùu;a" ta

fjkqjg jevjiï rdcH;ajh yd uOHu

mka;sh w;r iïuq;shlska kQ;k rdcH

iliaùu" cd;sljd§ lÓldj ;=< m%d:ñl

,CIK - j¾.h" iqúfYaIs;ajh" nysIalrKh

- ;yjqre ùug fya;=úh' tfy;a óg


50fjkiaj mej;=kq widyh md,khg

tfrysj" kj iudc iïuq;shla u.ska rdcH

ks¾udKh ùu m%xY úma,jfhka miqj

wOHhkh l< yel' mej;=kq widyh

rdcdKavqjg (Absolute Monarchy), úreoaOj" m%cdj ixúOdkh lsÍug j¾.h"

iqúfYaISNdjh" nysIalrKh blaujd .sh"

ksoyi" úuqla;sh" idOdrK;ajh jeks kj

wCIhka uq,alr.;a lÓldjla f,i m%xY

úma,jh;a iu. cd;sljd§ lÓldj

fmdaIKh lsÍug yd iudc yd foaYmd,k

jHdmdr f.dvke.Sug n,mEfõh' 19 yd 20

jk ishjiaj, hqfrdamh ;=< ia:dms; jk

,snr,ajdoh ;=< fjf<|fmd," mokïlr.

ekSu" m%d.aOk iuqÉPlrKh (capital accumulation) jvd;a idOdrKSlrKh

lsÍug" ke;akï iudch u; wd¾Ól Ôú;h

;yjqre lsÍug cd;sljdoh jvd;a ,snr,a

udkhlska - cd;sl ixj¾Okh (National Development) j¾Okh úh' th jvd;a

ióm jQfha m%d:ñl cd;sljd§ lÓldjgh

(Proto Nationalist Discourse). fuu

wfkld fkdßiaiSu" nysIalrKh" jd¾.sl

iqúfYaISNdjh u; /÷kq *eisiaÜjdoh" iuq,

>d;khka" jd¾.sl Y=oaêlrKhka fukau

f,dal ix.%du follg;a fya;= ldrlhla

úh'

jdudxYsl jHdmdrj,g úfYaIfhkau Eric Hobsbawm th jpk lsysmhlska m%ldY

lrk wdldrh zÿ¾j,hd fjkqfjka fmkS

isàfï foaYmd,khZ ke;akï Partha Chattergy m%ldY lrk mßÈ zhgy;aNdjhg

m;ajQjkaf.a foaYmd,kh WfoidZ

zcd;sljdohZ iqúfYaIS n,mEula úh'

hg;aúð;lrKh;a iu. cd;sljd§ lÓldj

mßjdÍh (Peripheral) rgj,go .uka lrhs'

hg;aúð;hkays m%d:ñl cd;sljd§ m%N+ka

(Proto Nationalist Elites), m%d:ñl

cd;sljdofhka fmdaIKh ,nk úg" hgy;a

Ndjhg yd wd¾Ól iQrdlEug tfrysj fmkS

isáfha jdudxYsl jHdmdrhkah' fuu

jdudxYsl jHdmdr mka;suh oDIaÀh u;

mokïjQ taludks jHdmdr fkdjqkq w;r

tajdfha nyqudks yd idl,H m%fõYhla úh'

WodyrK f,i ,xldfõ jdudxYsl

jHdmdrh l=,jdohg tfrys m%N,

foaYmd,k m%ldYkhla jQ w;r" wdrïNfha§

th udlaiajd§ mka;suh oDIaÀhla u; msysgd

lghq;= lsÍulg jvd" hgy;a Ndjhg tfrys

foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla úh' tfukau

úhÜkduh" nqreuh" ,díh jeks rgj,

jdudxYsl jHdmdr Tjqkaf.a ixialD;Ska"

wd.u u; msysgd" hgy;a Ndjhg yd

mSvkhg tfrysj iudch ixúOdkh l<

jHdmdr úh' ,;ska weußldkq rgj,

jdudxYsl jHdmdr" weußldkq nyqcd;sl

iud.ï ;u N+ñh ;=< f.k .sh wd¾Ól

iQrdlEug tfrysj udlaiajd§ mka;suh

oDIaÀhlska lghq;= lrk w;ru" tu

iudcfha iajfoaYSh ixialD;Ska" Ôjk

ffY,hka u; r|d mej;=kq foaYmd,k

jHdmdrhka úh' thg n,mEfõ ÿ¾j,hd

fjkqfjka ke;akï hgy;a Ndjhg tfrysj

Tjqka f.dvke.+ lÓldjhs' thg m%N,

f,i n,mEfõ ksoyi" úuqla;sh"

idOdrK;ajh" iudkd;au;djh jeks m%xY

úma,jh wdNdIfhka meñKs cd;sljdofha

foaYmd,k iajrEmh ke;akï /äl,a

cd;sljd§ (Radical Nationalism) lÓldjhs'

m%xY hg;aúð;hlaj mej;s wms%ldkq rglajQ

we,aÔßhdfõ ksoyia igfka fmrgq.dñhl=

jQ Frants Fanon ,shQ “The Wretched of the Earth” lD;sh wdishd" wms%ldkq rgj, kj

úuqla;s jHdmdr yd tajdfha we;s n,mEu yd

iqúfYaISNdj ms<sn| jeo.;a rpkdjlah'

hg;aúð; úfrdaë jHdmdr fï jk úg

^1950 .Kkaj,& wdishdj" wm%sldj mqrd yud

hk l=Kdgqjla jk w;r th f,dal

foaYmd,kfha mßj¾;khka fjñka kj

;=kajk f,dal foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla

ks¾udKh lrhs' ta ;=< wêrdcHjdohg

tfrys igk wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k fuka

udkisljd§ o jkq we;' wêrdcHjdoh yd

hqfrdamh wm u; mgjd we;s kQ;k

YsIag;ajhg tfrys udkisljd§ igklao úh

hq;=h' (Frants Fanon, 1967, p. 09) fï

olajd fuu hg;aúð;hkays m%d:ñl

cd;sljd§ m%N+ka ;u iajdñkajQ hg;aúð;

md,lhka iu. flaj,a lsÍu i|yd

fhdod.;a cd;sljd§ lÓldj jvd;a /äl,a

lÓldjla njg m;aùu wOHhkh l< yel'

rdcHfha md¾Yjlrejka ùfï hg;aúð;

m%N+ udkisl;ajhg tfrysj rdcHfha

ysñldß;ajh ms<sn| lÓldj /äl,a

cd;sljd§yq wdishd" wm%sld yd ,;ska

weußldkq rgj,a ks¾udKh l<y' m%d:ñl

cd;sljd§ m%N+ka (Proto Nationalist Elites), cd;sljdoh iqúfYaIS wkkH;djhla ;yjqre

lsÍug (deterministic theory) muKla iSud

úh' tfy;a zrdcHZ yd zN+ñhZ ms<sn|j" tys

wkd.;h ms<sn|j cd;sljd§ lÓldjg

we;=¿ lsÍu /äl,a cd;sljdofha

iqúfYaIs;ajhlah' rdcHfha wkd.;h

;SrKh lsÍu N+ñfha ¥ mq;=kaf.a

(Daughters & Sons of the Soil) ld¾hNdrhlah hk lÓldj /äl,a

cd;sljdoh ;=< ;yjqre úh' fï olajd

yqfol,d ù ;snQ cd;sljd§ lÓldj" m%cd

ls%hdldÍ;ajhla njg m;aùuls'

fjf<|fmd, uq,alr.;a" wuqøjH fj<|du

ke;akï jdKscH Okjdoh ì%;dkHhka

furgg y÷kajd ÿka wd¾Ól l%ufõohhs'

f;a" fldams" rn¾ jeks jeú,s fCIa;%hka

ì%;dkH ld¾ñl Okjdohg wjYH wuqøjH

imhk jHdmdrhla úh' tajd fj<|fmd,g

f.khEu ;=<ska ,xldj f.da,Sh Okjdofha

fldgila njg m;aúh' fuu jdKscH

Okjdohg wjYH há;, myiqlï iemhsfï

fldka;%d;alrejka f,i" ,xldfõ my; rg

m%N+ mka;sh j¾Okh jk w;r Tjqka foaYSh

uOHu mka;sh f,i y÷kd.; yel'

ì%;dkHhka wkq.ukh l< jdKsc Okjdoh

my<g .,d hEfï m%;sM,hla f,i j¾Okh

jQ fulS uOHu mka;sh" ì%;dkH md,kh

u; r|d mj;sk neúka mrdëk uOHu

mka;shla f,io y÷kajhs' wd¾Óluh w;ska

my;rg uOHu mka;shg ì%;dkH md,kfha

wkq.%yh ,enQ kuq;a foaYmd,k wkq.%yh

ysñjQfha Wvrg isxy, m%N+kag yd W;=f¾

fou< m%N+kagh' Tjqyq fndfydauhla bvï

ysñ jevjiï iudc l%uh ;=< isá ro<

m%N+kajQ w;r l%ufhka fm%df;ia;ka; wd.u

je<| .;a;jqka úh' fufia foaYmd,k

n,h Wvrg m%N+ka yd fou< m%N+kag ysñj

;sîu my; rg uOHu mka;sh fkdßiaiQ

fohla jQ w;ru my; rg uOHu mka;sh

foaYmd,k ;,h fj; ,xùug orK

W;aidyho Wvrg m%N+kaf.a fldamhg

fya;=úh' úfYaIfhkau foaYmd,kh lS¾;sh

yd wNsudkh (Glory & Dignity) úoyd

olajkakla jQ neúka ta i|yd Tjqfkdjqka

w;r n,j;a ;rÕhla úh' fuh 20 jk

ishji jk úg W.% jQ w;r ta ms<sn|j

lrk ,o wOHhkhka .Kkdjlska th

;yjqre fõ'

zÿIaglï lrñka fkdu. .sh ÿisï Nd.hla

muK jQ fï ÿIag le, isxy,-fn!oaOhka

f,i fmkS isàug fjrorhs' Tjqkaf.a

fm<Uùï fkdjkakg fujeks

fkdikaiqka;djhla we;s fkdfõ''''''' .

eñhka rjgdf.k lsisu jeo.eïulg ke;s

fidlalka /,la nlalka fjkak

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka fïjf.a my;a

jevj,ska'''Z ^S.C. Obeysekara uy;d 1915 §

rdcH uka;%K iNdj ;=<" isxy,-uqia,sï .

egqu iïnkaOfhka isrNdrhg m;ajQ

fiakdkdhl ifydaorhka we;=¿ my;rg

m%N+ kdhlhka ms<sn| ±lajQ woyils' Wmqgd

.ekSu" l=udß chj¾Ok rpkd l<

Nobodies to Somebodies lD;sh'& uy;d

fidlalka f,i y÷kajd ÿka m%N+ka 20 jk

ishjfia j¾Okh ù ;snqKq jdKscHh

uq,alr.;a kj uOHu mka;shhs'

ksrka;rfhka Wvrg ro< m%N+kaf.a

iuÉp,hg n÷kajQ kj uOHu mka;sh

;ukaf.a ysia nj ke;akï ;u mka;shg

flaj,a lsÍu (Bargain), fyda ;rÕ lsÍug

we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lrk oDIaÀh f,i

zcd;sljdohZ f;dard .kshs' mßl,ams;

m%cdjl (Imagine Community) – wkqrdOmqr"

fmdf<dkakre YsIagdpdrj, Wreuh mjrd

.ksñka (Ascripted), ;ukag ;rÕ lsÍug"

flaj,a lsÍug we;s iqcd;Ndjh f.dvke.

Sug" m%d:ñl cd;sljd§ m%N+kajQ kj uOHu

mka;sh lghq;= lf<ah' fuf;la úisÍ ;snQ

wkkHd;djhka - ;=<" m%dfoaYSh - ì|jeà

cd;Ska f,i O%eùhlrKh ùu tla;rd

wdldrhlg ,xldj kQ;klrKh ùulah'

kQ;klrKfha m%Odk ,CIKhla jkafka

iucd;shlrKhhs' (Homogenization) m%d:

ñl cd;sljd§ lÓldj 20 jk ishji ;=<

isÿlrkafka iudch iucd;Sh lsÍulah'

fuh kQ;kjd§ ld¾hhls' kQ;k;ajfhau

mriamrhla jQ ÈhqKqj (Progress) uq,alr.;a

Okjd§ wd¾Ólh;a" iudch ixúOdkh

lsÍu i|yd w;S;lduh u; mokïùu m%N+

cd;sljdofha fmdÿ ,CIKhla f,i wm

y÷kd .;af;uq' th 20 jk ishjfia

,dxlSh m%N+ mka;sh ;=<skao .uHfõ'

ì%;dkH md,lhka wkq.ukh l< mßjdÍh

Okjdofha (Peripheral Capitalism)


51

m%;sM,hla jQ kj uOHu mka;sh" wd¾Óluh

jYfhka ÈhqKqj uq,alr.;a jdKsc Okjdoh

u; mokïj" foaYmd,k ;rÕh (Political Contest) yd n,h flaj,a lsÍfï fuj,ula

f,i m%d:ñl cd;sljdoh mjrd .kshs'

foaYmd,k ;,h m%N+ mka;shg muKla iSud

ù ;snqKq hq.hl" m%cdj foaYmd,k ;,hg

/f.k hdfï ft;sydisl ld¾hNdrhg

jdudxY jHdmdrh ueÈy;afõ' foaYmd,kh

;ukaf.a wNsudkh m%o¾Ykh lrkakla

njg iSud lrñka" l=re÷j;af;a fyda

kqjrt<sfha iqjmyiq mßirj, idlÉPd

njg foaYmd,kh iSud lr ;sìK' iudcfha

hym; Wfoid ck;dj foaYmd,kh l<

hq;= nj ud yd uf.a ifydaorhka fmkajd

ÿkafkuq''' ksoyi ,nd.ekSu foaYmd,k

ld¾hhla neúka" rdcHfha ksoyi Wfoid

m%cdj fm<.eiaùug jdudxYsl jHdmdrh

wdrïN lf<uq' 1947 § mCIh ;ykï

lsÍfuka miq isrlrejl= f,i wêlrKh

wu;ñka weka' weï' fmf¾rd m%ldY lf<ah'

^Wmqgd .ekSu weka' weï' Widúh weu;Su

lD;sh& rdcH uq,alr.ksñka" iudch

ixúOdkh lsÍfï lÓldj" cd;sljdofha

foaYmd,k iajrEmh ke;akï m%xY úma,jh

wdNdifhka ;Sj% jQ /äl,a cd;sljdoh nj

y÷kd .;af;uq' th idl,H uQ,O¾uhka

(Holistic Principles) – ksoyi" úuqla;sh"

iudkd;au;dj" idOdrK;ajh - u;

mokïj iudcfha fmdÿ wNs,dIhka

(collective will) ks¾udKh lsÍug iu;aúh'

jdudxYsl jHdmdrho mx;suh oDIaÀh blaujQ

idl,H uQ,O¾uhka u; mokïjQ iudc

jHdmdrhla úh' úfYaIfhkau .%dóh

ck;dj isrlr ;snQ l=,h yd l=, mSvkhg

tfrys jdudxYsl jHdmdrfha ueÈy;aùu

wdl¾IKh ùug m%N, fya;= idOlhla úh'

;=kafldar,fha ck;djg zifydaorhdZ f,i

wu;k úg Tjqka jdudxYsl kdhlhkag

j¢ñka f.j,a ;=<g Èj.sh nj;a" th tu

hq.fha úma,ùh wduka;%Kh jQ nj

ziQßhu,Z keu;s m¾fhaIKd;aul kdgHh

rpkd l< m%ikak jreiudk fmkajd foa'

fufia .%dóh ck;dj fukau fn!oaO wd.

ñl kdhlhka mjd jdudxYsl jHdmdrhg

wdl¾IKh úh' zhym; Wfoid iduqyslj

ls%hdlsÍfï fn!oaO iïm%odh iu iudch

;=< jQ neúka NsCIqjla f,i ;uka thg

tlajQ nj zNsCIqjf.a WreuhZ lD;sfha

uydpd¾h j,afmd, rdyq, ysñhka fmkajd

foa' iu iudc jHdmdrh ;rï iudcfha

hym; Wfoid lghq;= l< ck;d

jHdmdrhla fkdjQ w;ru" th wr.,h ms<s.

ekSu muKla ud tu mCIhg ne£u k;r

lf<ah hkqfjka B' ví' wÈldrï uy;d

fmkajd foa' fufia jdudxYsl jHdmdrhg

iudcfha ia:r .Kkdjla wdl¾IKh

lsÍug yelsúh' mka;suh oDIaÀh blau jQ

/äl,a cd;sljdofha idl,H uQ,O¾uhka ta

i|yd m%N, f,i n,mEfõh' flfia jqj;a

1950 oYlfhka miq jdudxYsl jHdmdrh"

kd.ßl lïlre mka;sh u; mokï ùu;a"

lïlre mka;sfha mCIhla f,i

wdKavqlrKh" mßmd,kh jeks wdh;k.;

ld¾hhkag ,>qùu" jdudxYsl jHdmdrfha

iSudj igyka lrhs' fuf,i W!Kkh

ùu;a mCI f,i md,kh" wdKavqlrKh"

ue;sjrK ch.ekSu u; msysgd lghq;=

lsÍug keUqre ùu;a iu. jdudxYsl

jHdmdrhla f,i tys ;snQ foaYmd,k idrh"

meje;au (survive) yd foaYmd,k fkdjk

ls%hdldÍ;ajhkag .uka lrkq wOHhkh

l< yel'

,xldj f.da,Sh Okjdohg újD;ùu;a ta

i|yd u;= jQ úfrdaOhka cd;sljd§

iajrEmhla .ekSu;a úfYaIfhkau kj

,snr,a cd;sljd§ .;slhka - wks;s ìh

uq,alr.;a cd;sljdoh (Xenophobic Nationalism) – wOHhkh l< yel' ta

w;ru iudcfha fmdÿ wNs,dIhla jQ

jdudxYsl jHdmdrh mka;suh foaYmd,kh

;=<g W!Kkh ùu;a" ta ksidu jdudxYsl

jHdmdrhg iudch ixúOdkh lsÍug ;snQ

iqcd;Ndjh (Legitimacy) ySkùu wOHhkh

l< yel' fï w;ru kj ,snr,a cd;sljd§

lÓldjka" iudch ixúOdkh lsÍfï

iqcd;Ndjh w;am;a lr .ekSu;a wOHhkh

l< hq;=h' ;jo kj ,snr,ajdoh yuqfõ

f,dalfha jdudxYsl jHdmdr kj

udkhkaf.ka jdudxYsl foaYmd,kh

ixl,am.; lsÍu yd tajdfha n,mEu

wOHhkh l< yel'

1978 ka miq j¾Okh" kj ,snr,a cd;sljdofha n,mEu '''''

1977 ka miq isÿjk iudc wd¾Ól

fjkialï yuqfõ mekk.sk m%;súfrdaOhka

cd;sljd§ iajrEmhla .ekSu msßlaish hq;=h'

úfYaIfhkau fuf;la mej;s rdcH

wkq.%dyljd§ (State Patronigists) uQ,O¾uh

ì|jeàu;a" ta iu.u újD; fjf<|fmd,

;SrKd;aul idOlh ùu ;=< fuf;la rdcH

wkq.%yh u; r|d mej;=kq foaYSh uOHu

mka;shg m%n, ;¾ckhla t,a,jQ w;r

Tjqkg újD; fjf<|fmdf,a

;rÕldÍ;ajhg uqyqK§ug isÿúh' fuf,i

w¾nqohlg ,lajQ uOHu mka;sh;a"

mßfNdackjdoh fukau rdcH fCIa;%h

ySklsÍu u; wfmaCIdNx.;ajhg m;ajk

;reK fldgiaj, m%;súfrdaOhkao uQ,slju

cd;sljd§ iajrEmhla .ekSu 1980 oYlh

jk úg wOHhkh l< yel' iqúfYaIS f,i

foaYmd,ksl mßj¾;khka iudcfha

wdh;k uq,anei .ekSu u.ska iudch ;=<

;yjqrefõ' úfYaIfhkau rdcHh n,h

flakaø.; ùu;a úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh

u.ska m%ldY fõ' n,h flakaø.; ùu"

m%cd;ka;%jd§ wjldYhka ÿ¾j, lsÍu"

foaYmd,kh iq¿ msßilg iSudlr.;a" m%cdj

foaYmd,k ls%hdldÍ;ajfhka wE;a lrñka

yels;rï fjf<|fmd,lrKh lsÍu yd

mßfNdackjd§ iudchla ;yjqre lsÍu" kj

,snr,ajdofha m%Odk uQf,damdhka f,i

Ñldf.da .=rel=,h uq,alr.;a wd¾Ól

úoHd{hka - ñ,agka *Sâuka jeks - y÷kajd

ÿks' kj ,snr,ajd§ n,mEug tfrysj

jdudxYsl jHdmdrfha ;SrKd;aul úfrdaOh

1980 cQ,s jev j¾ckhhs' fuys mrdch

jdudxYsl jHdmdrfha wkd.; miqneiSug

;SrKd;aul f,i n,mdhs' tfukau

jdudxYsl jHdmdrh ;=< wdrïNfha§ ;snqKq

idl,Hjd§ m%fõYh l%u l%ufhka

ySkfjñka mka;suh ;,hg iSudùu;a"

Tjqkaf.a foaYmd,k N+ñldj wdKavqlrKh

yd n,h uq,alr.;a m%fhdacHjd§ wruqKla

njg m;aùu ;=< Tjqkaf.a mq¿,a ls%hdldÍ;aj

ÿ¾j, lf<ah' fï ksid Tjqkaf.a

ls%hdldÍ;ajh kd.ßl lïlre mka;s

igkaj,g iSud jQ w;r" Tjqkag ;snqKq

úfYaIfhkau 1977 md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ úmCI kdhlhd njg m;ajQ wñ¾;,sx.ï jeks wh bka msgux lsÍu;a iu. ol=fKa m%pKav jd¾.sl cd;sljd§ ;reK lKavdhïj,g jvd fyd| wjia:djla ks¾udKh úh' fï wdldrhg W;=f¾ jd¾.sl cd;sljdoh Yla;su;a jk wdldrhgu ol=fKa isxy, jd¾.sl cd;sljdoh Yla;su;a úh' úfYaIfhkau fjf<|fmd, wjia:djka wysñjk isxy, fj<| mka;sh;a rdcHfha wjia:djka wysñjk isxy, NdIdfjka ;reK lKavdhïo jd¾.sl-cd;sjd§ l=,hg iómjkq ±lSh yel' wfkla w;g md,l frÔuho ;uka fj; t,a,jk úfrdaOhka cd;sljdoh Tiafia w¾:l:kh lf<ah' fuh tla;rd wdldrhlg ud.%Ü ;ep¾ jeks wh hqfrdamfha wd¾Ól w¾nqoh" /lshd úrys; Ndjhka tk úg tajd úfoaYslhka u; ;nñka cd;sljdoh weú,Su jeksh' fÊ'wd¾' chj¾Ok md,kho ;ukag t,a,jk úfrdaOhkaj,§ jd¾.sl cd;sljdohg mdr lmk whqßka rdcHfha iqNidOkh" rdcHfha wjia:djka wysñ lrk úg t,a,jk úfrdaOhka u.yeÍug iu;aúh'


.%dóh in|;djh ì| jefgkakg úh' ta

w;ru 80 j¾ckh mrdch ùu;a iu.

kd.ßl lïlre mka;sh w;r jdudxYsl

jHdmdrhg ;snqKq Yla;sho ÿ¾j, jkakg

úh' jdudxYsl jHdmdrj, miqneiSu foaYSh

idOlhla muKla fkdj cd;Hka;r

idOlhla úh' 80 .Kkaj,ska miq f,dalfha

jdudxYsl jHdmdr iS>% miqneiSulg ,lajk

w;r" by; ,xldfõ jdudxYsl jHdmdrh

miqneiSug fya;=jQ fndfyda lreKq

f,dalfha jdudxYsl jHdmdrj, miqneiSugo

n,mEfõh' fuu ;;a;ajh yuqfõ kj

,snr,a l%uh wNsfhda. l< fkdyels fukau

Bg tfrysj lsisÿ úl,amhla fkdue;s h:

d¾;hlah hk woyia u;=úh' úfYaIfhka

wekaIsia *qlhdudf.a End of History lD;sh

u.ska Okjdoh WÉp;u wjêhg meñK

we;s nj;a" iudcjd§ l|jqre ì|jeàu;a

iu. Bg lsis wm, WmøjHhka we;s

fkdjk njg wkdjels m< lf<ah' kj

,snr,ajdoh t;rï iqugj .uka fkdlrk

nj miqld,Skj isÿjk n,mEïj,ska

wjfndaO úh' úfYaIfhkau nyqcd;sl iud.

ïj, l%shdldÍ;ajh iu. /lshd wysñùï"

Y%u iQrdlEu" mßir úkdYhka" wd¾Ól

wjmd;hka fukau f.da,ShlrKh u.ska

we;s l< iudc" foaYmd,k n,mEï

fya;=fjka kj ,snr,ajdohg tfrysj iudc

wr., yd m%;súfrdaOhka je<elaúh

fkdyels úh' flfia jqj;a tlS

m%;súfrdaOhkaj, m%Odk n,fõ.h jQfha

cd;sljdohhs' fuh iajrEm .Kkdjlska

wOHhkh l< yel' iudchla f,i tu

m%ldYhka kj ,snr,a cd;sjdohka f,i

y÷kd.; yel' fuys we;s úfYaI;ajh

jkafka tu cd;sjd§ jHdmdr m%pKav fukau

ysxidjd§ jk w;ru uQ,Od¾ñl ùuhs' th

f,dalfha fukau ,xldj ;=<o we;sjQ

m%jK;djhls' fujka j¾Okhla yuqfõ

f,dalfha jdudxYsl jHdmdrhkao" foaYmd,k

udkhka úuiqug ,lalrk whqre wOHhkh

l< yel' kj ,snr,ajdoh yd kj ,snr,a

cd;sljdoh yuqfõ jdudxYsl foaYmd,k

jHdmdr hdj;ald,Sk lsÍfï foaYmd,k

lÓldjka mYapd;a udlaiajd§ (Post Marxist) lÓldjka ;=<ska u;=lr we;' tu

m%jK;djhkao" tu cd;Hka;r

m%jK;djhka ,xldfõ jdudxYsl jHdmdrh

flfrys n,md we;s wdldrh úuish hq;=h'

j;auka ksfïIh" kQ;klrKh yd kj ,snr,a cd;sljdofha iqixfhda.hla f,i '''

zzcd;sljdofha ueo ysiajQ lÜglska jgù

we;' ta ksid ´kEu fohlska th msrúh

yel'ZZ

by; olajd we;af;a we,aÔßhdfõ /äl,a

cd;sljd§ ls%hdorhl= yd foaYmd,k

kHdhdpd¾hjrfhl= f,io m%p,s; jQ *%dkaia

*ekkaf.a (Frantz Fanon) ú.%yhls'

cd;sljdoh oDv" ia:djr oDIaÀhla fkdjk

w;r th úúO m%nkaOkhka" rcjrekaf.a

ùrls%hdjka" hqo ch.%yK yd yqfol,d

yeÕjqï - w;S; pß; - NdIduh f,i

f.dvkexùu ;=<ska iliajQ ks¾udKYS,s

ls%hdldÍ;ajhls' tu ksid th iudc

m%.uKhg fukau iudch úkdY lsÍugo

fhdod .; yel' úisjk ishji ;=<

,xldfõ m%p,s; jk cd;sljdofha iajrEmh

óg by; idlÉPd lr we;' ta wkqj

m%d:ñl cd;sljdoh ke;akï iajNdúl

cd;sljdoh" m%nkaOkhka u; mokïjQ

flaj,a lsÍug fyda ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd

oykujk ishjfia isg ì%;dkH md,kh

yryd j¾Okh jk my; rg jdKscHh

uOHu mka;sfha f.dvkexùula úh'

wk.dßl O¾umd," mshodi isßfiak jeks

wh tu oDIaÀh fmdaIKh l< hï

wdldrhl nqoaêuh mka;shla úh' fufia

j¾Okh jk m%d:ñl cd;sljdoh hï;dla

ÿrg iudch kQ;klrKh lsÍulg

uq,msrEjo th úisjk ishji u; iSudjkq

fmfka' úfYaIfhkau my; rg jdKscHh

mka;sh iudch kùlrKh lrkjdg jvd

iajlSh mka;sfha wyïudkh (vanity) mj;ajd .ekSug m%uqL;djh ,ndfohs' fï

ksid Tjqka cd;sljdoh ;=<ska ,nd.kakd

jákdlï ;=<ska Wvrg m%N+ mjq,a iu.

iïnkaO ùug ke;akï Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj,ska

újdyhla lr .ksñka tla;rd wdldrhl

kj m%N+ mka;shla njg m;aùu y÷kd.;

yel' fï ksid iudch kQ;klrKh lsÍu

fjkqjg iudch ;=< mej;=kq merKs

in|;djhka" l=,h jeks" ;jÿrg;a

Yla;su;a lrkq ,eîh' WodyrKhla f,i

ã' weia' fiakdkdhl" i¾ fÊïia mSßia jeks

wh my;rg jdKscH mka;shg wh;a jQ w;r

Tjqka m%d:ñl cd;sljdoh fmdaIKh l<

w;ru ta fhdod .ksñka Wvrg m%N+ mjq,a

iu. újdy isÿlr .ksñka tla;rd

wdldrhl ro< m%N+ka msßila f,i lghq;=

l<y' fï ksid m%d:ñl cd;sljdoh ;=<

m%cd ls%hdldÍ;ajh iSud jQ w;r th

m%N+kaf.a lÓldjla úh' foaYmd,k

cd;sljdoh ke;akï m%cd ls%hdldÍ;ajhg

m%uqL ;ek ,ndfok cd;sljdoh jdudxYsl

jHdmdrfha wdrïNh;a iu. j¾Okh jQ

wdldrh meyeÈ<s lf<ñ'

cd;sljdoh ksrka;rfhkau m%cd

ls%hdldÍ;ajfha fldgilah hkak m%xY

úma,jh yryd u;=jQ woyila úh' fï ksid

th hg;a úð;hkays m%cd ls%hdldÍ;ajfha

m%Odk oDIaÁh Wmdx.hla jQ w;r" thg

jdudxYsl foaYmd,k wkqrd.h uqiqùu;a

iu. jvd /äl,a iajNdjhla .;af;ah'

,;ska weußldj" wms%ldj jeks rgj,

úisjk ishjfia wêrdcH úfrdaë wr.,hka

;=< fï ksid cd;sljdohg iqúfYaIS ia:

dkhla ysñ úh' flfia jqj;a fuu

cd;sljdohka wêrdcH úfrdaë wr.,j,ska

miq cd;sljdofha iajrEmfhkau lghq;=

lsÍu Nhdkl m%;sM, f.ko’ug fya;= jQ

nj Frantz Fanon fmkajd § ;sìK'

úfYaIfhkau cd;sljdoh tys we;s

foaYmd,k jákdlï w;ayßñka ,snr,a

wd¾ÓllrKhka iu. iyiïnkaOùu"

cd;sljdoh jvd;a uOH.;jQ" wfkla w;ska

nysIalrKjd§ (Exclusive) oDIaÁhla ùug

bv we;s nj Tyq meyeÈ<s lf<ah'

cd;sljdoh" ksoyi ,enQ rgj, wd¾Ól

ixj¾Okh iu. .eg.efik wdldrh

úisjk ishjfia ueo Nd.h isg wOHhkh

l< yels úh' fï ksid tu /äl,a

cd;sljdoh wdrïNfha§ je<| .;a ksoyi"

úuqla;sh" idOdrK;ajh jeks jákdlï

wd¾Ól ÈhqKqj fjkqfjka lem lrk

wdldrhka tu fjf<|fmd, ;rÕfha§

wfkld mrdch lsÍu;a" jvd uOH.;jQ

md,k ;ka;%hka we;s lsÍug fhdod .;a

wdldrh;a y÷kd.; yel'

cd;sljdoh yd ixj¾Okh

cd;sljdofha foaYmd,k iajrEmh ke;akï

ksoyi" m%cd;ka;%jdoh" úuqla;sh"

idOdrK;ajh jeks jákdlï Tiafia

cd;sljdoh f.dvkexjQ hg;aúð;hkays

/äl,a foaYmd,k jHdmdr ksoyi

52

pkaøsld uy;añhf.a yd fmdÿ ck tlai;a fmruqK kdhl;ajh tlai;a cd;sl mCIh mrdch lsÍug iu;a jqj;a th iudch

f.dvke.Sfï ld¾hfha§ ÿ¾j,;djhka fmkaúh' úfYaIfhkau Tjqyq f.dvke.+ m%cd;ka;%jdoh" ksoyi jeks lÓldjka tla;rd wdldrhlska

wdh;k msysgqjd.ekSu NsIK hq.h uq,alr.;a fldñIka iNd jeks" udOH ksoyi" ue;sjrK meje;aùu" idu idlÉPd jeks ,snr,a ixl,amhka

u; f.dvke.S ;snqKs' tajd iudcfha fmdÿ woyila njg m;al< yels lÓldjla ks¾udKh fkdùu ;=< m%;súreoaO lÓldjka l%ufhka Yla;su;a

ùug bv ie,isks' úfYaIfhkau idu idlÉPd yd f*vr,a úi÷ï uq,alr.;a ixjdohka pkaøsld md,kh ;=< cd;sljd§ n,fõ. ke.Sug

fyd| wjia:djla i,id ÿks' zrdcHZ ms<sn| fmdÿ u;hla l%ufhka iudch ;=< j¾Okh ùug yd zrdcHZ lsisúgl mrÿjg ;eìh fkdyel

hk u;jdoh l%ufhka f.dvke.=ks'


,nd.ekSfuka miqj wd¾Óljdoh

(Economism) ke;akï ÈhqKqj w;am;a lr

.ekSu Wfoid uq,Huh Yla;sh j¾Okh

lr.ekSfï ld¾hhg uq,a;ek §u wOHhkh

l< yel' fï foaYmd,kh fkdjk

ld¾hhla f,i ú.%y l< yel' wd¾:lhg

uq,a;ek foñka ta i|yd iudch md,kh

lsÍu ke;akï wdKavqlrKh f,i ú.%y

l< yel' kQ;k;ajh iu. foaYmd,k

ls%hdldÍ;ajhg isÿjk nrm;, úlD;shla

f,i ydkd wßkaâÜ (Hana Arendt) fmkajd

fohs' úfYaIfhkau tÈfkod meje;au yd

.Dy lghq;= (survival and household matters) fjkqfjka iudch ixúOdkh

lsÍu" md,kh lsÍu" kS;s ilia lsÍu"

foaYmd,k fkdjk ls%hdjka f,i weh

jeäÿrg;a fmkajd fohs' fï ksid

foaYmd,kh ;=< ;snQ iïNdjH woyi ;uka

ljqo hkak uyck ;,h ;=< fmkaùfï

iduqysl ls%hdldÍ;ajh" ta i|yd md,kh ùu

fyda md,kh lsÍfuka ksoyia jQ úuqla;sjd§

i;ajfhl= ^mqrjeisfhl=& f,i ls%hd lsÍu

fjkqjg rxpq .eiSu yd ta i|yd fhdod.;a

oDIaÀuh fuj,ula f,i cd;sh"

cd;sljdoh weh wjOdrKh lrhs' tfia

foaYmd,kh lsÍu kQ;k;ajh iu.ska iudc

wjYH;d iu.ska meg,ùfuka

foaYmd,kfha w¾:h úkdY fjñka

foaYmd,kh lsÍu iudc wjYH;d bgqlsÍu

njg ;yjqre úh' cd;sljdofha we;s

foaYmd,kh w¾:hka - ksoyi" úuqla;sh"

idOdrK;ajh w;ayßk úg b;sßjqfka

iudc wjYH;d Wfoid rxpqjla f,i ls%hd

lsÍuhs' tu iudc wjYH;d foaYmd,kh

hgm;a lrk úg cd;sljdoh jvd;a mqoa.,

flakaøSh ^jd¾.sl yd wd.ñl iajrEmh&

msgux lsÍu yd nysIalrKh uq,alr.;a

cd;sljdofha foaYmd,k fkdjk iajrEmh

mYapd;a hg;aúð; rdcHj, tys rdcH

md,kfha ;yjqre úh' fï ksid jvd;a

/äl,a iajrEmhlska wdrïNj úuqla;sldó

cd;sjd§ jHdmdrh md,kh w;g .;a miq

wd¾Ól ls%hdldÍ;ajhg m%uqL;ajh foñka

wdKavqlrKhlg ;,a ùu;a iu. nrm;,

f,i iucd;ShlrK fyda iq¿ cd;sl yd

uy cd;sl fn§ï ;yjqre lrk rdcH

jHQyhka njg m;aúh' hg;aúð; hq.fha

wêrdcH md,lhka mSvlhka jQ w;r

Tjqkaf.ka ksoyi ,enQ miq rdcH ;=< isák

úúO ck lKavdhï ;ukaf.a y;=rka njg

m;aúh' th foaYmd,k jákdlï

cd;sljdoh ;=<ska bj;aùfï nrm;,

m%;súmdlhls' fï ksid foaYmd,kh lsÍfï

moku njg m%d:ñl cd;sljdoh (proto nationalism) ke;akï jd¾.sl cd;sljdoh

m;aúh' fï ksid Bg iu.dój

m%cd;ka;%jdoh" ksoyi" idOdrK;ajh jeks

.=Kdx. tu md,khka ;=<ska bj;aúh'

cd;sl ixj¾Okh ;=< ,xldj

ì%;dkH hg;aúð; hq.fha foaYmd,kh

lsÍu uq,alr.;a cd;sljdoh ;yjqre jkafka

jdudxYsl jHdmdrh yrydh' jdudxYsl

jHdmdrh úuqla;sh" ksoyi" iudkd;au;djh

jeks jákdlï uq,alr.ksñka ,xldfõ

ck;dj ixúOdkh lf<ah' ksoyi

,eîfuka miq fmr lS f,i j¾Okh jk

jd¾.sl cd;sljdofha m%jK;djhka mYapd;a

hg;aúð; rdcHh ks¾udKfha§ n,md we;'

ì%;dkH ksoyi ,nd§ug lghq;= lsÍu;a

iu. iudc m%Yak foaYmd,kh ;=< ;yjqre

jQ w;r úfYaIfhkau ,xldfõ ksoyi

,nd.ekSug wdikak tkï isxy,$fou<

miñ;=reNdjhka j¾Okh fjñka ;snqKq

w;r n,h ,nd.ekSu i|yd jd¾.sl moku

;=<ska rxpq .eiSu lemS fmkqks' fï ksid

mYapd;a rdcH ks¾udKh lsÍfï§ m%Odk

wCIhka njg m;aúh hq;= m%cd;ka;%jdoh"

mqrjeis Ndjh" ksoyi hk ldrKd oaú;sl

fjñka jd¾.sl;ajh moku njg m;aúh' ta

Tiafia iudch ixúOdkh lsÍu

foaYmd,kh njg m;aúh' mYapd;a

hg;aúð; Y%S ,xldfõ m%.;sh fyda ÈhqKqj

wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh u; mokï fjñka Bg

wjYH mßÈ iudch ixúOdkh lsÍug úh'

^Wod' f.dúck fhdackd l%u we;s lsÍu

jeks oE uQ,sl wruqK njg m;alr .kafka

wd¾Ólfha ÈhqKqùu u; w;ru th

ckmolrKh jeks ld¾hhka u.ska isxy,

fou< jd¾.sl;ajh ;j;a uqjy;a lf<ah'&

fï ksid l%ufhka jd¾.sl cd;sljdoh

;SrKd;aul idOlh njg m;aù ;snqKs'

flfia jqj;a jdudxYsl jHdmdrh 1960

.Kka jk ;=re wvqjeä jYfhka

idOdrK;ajh" ksoyi" iudkd;au;djh

jeks ldrKd iïnkaOfhka ;SrKd;aul

ueÈy;aùïj, fhÿks' 1956 isxy, NdIdj

rdcH NdIdj lsÍu iïnkaOfhka jdudxYsl

jHdmdr ;=< jQ ueÈy;aùu mgq jd¾.sl

cd;sljdoh blaujñka fiiq m%cdjkaf.a

wNsudkh" .re;ajh /l.ekSu Wfoid

ueÈy;aùuls' flfia jqj;a 70 oYlh;a iu.

f,dalh ;=< f.dvkef.k ixj¾Okjd§

(developmentalist) m%jdyh yuqfõ jdudxYsl

jHdmdrh tu m%jdyhg tfrysj msyskSug

fkdyels úh' úfYaIfhka 1945 ka miq

weußldkq ckdêm;s jqâfrda ú,aikaf.a

kdhl;ajfhka ixj¾Okh f,dalfha m%Odk

lÓldj njg m;ajkq wOHhkh l< yel'

tu.ska rdcHhl ÈhqKqfõ m%Odk ñKqï

oKav wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh" fjf<|fmd,

jHdma;sh yd mdßfNdack uÜgu by< hduh

hk hqfrdamd ñKqïo~q ishü rdcHhka

je<|.;a nj fmfka' mYapd;a hg;aúð;

rdcHhkao Bg wkq.; úh' flfia jqj;a

1970 jk úg ixj¾Okh ùu i|yd úl,am

l%ufõohka Ndú;s lsÍu ke;akï wdkhkh

wdfoaYlhka u.ska hqfrdamd ksIamdok u;

fkdhefmk úl,am wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok

ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq l<y' ,;ska

weußldkq rgj,ska werô fuu úl,am

m%jdyh wdishd;sl l,dmhg yud wd w;r

th je<| .ekSug ,xldj ;=< m%uqL f,i

bÈßm;a jQfha jdudxYsl jHdmdrhkah'

ta wkqj cd;sl ixj¾Okh (National Development) hkak m%uqL;djhla f,i

u;= jq w;r ta ;=< wdkhk wdfoaYk

wd¾Ólhka yd foaYSh ksIamdolhka Èßu;a

lsÍug m%uqL;djhla fokq ,enqKs' fï ;=<

m%Odk ld¾hh jQfha isxy, fj<| m%cdjla

Yla;su;a ùu;a Tjqka wkq.%yh olajk rdcH

jHQyhla we;sùu;ah' fuys nrm;,

foaYmd,k .eg¿j jQfha jdudxYsl

jHdmdrho wdKavqlrKh iu. noaO fjñka

tu jd¾.sl cd;sljd§ m%jK;djhg

hgùuh' úfYaIfhkau jd¾.sl" wd.ñl

W;a;u Ndjh u;=jk wdldrhg

jHjia:djka mjd iïmdokh ùfï§

jdudxYsl kdhlhkao tajdfha yjq,alrejka

úh' tys§ Tjqka úYajdi lf<a wd¾Ól

ixj¾Okhka iu. tu fNaohka uÕyßkq

we;ehs hkak jqj;a ;j ;j;a jd¾.sl

cd;sljdoh Yla;su;a ùu 70 oYlfhka miq

±lSh yel' flfia jqjo 1980 oilh jk

f;la jd¾.sl cd;sljdoh m%pKav"

ysxikuh Ndú;hla olajd fkdhk w;r

th hï;dla ÿrg mßK; foaYmd,k

kdhlhkaf.a ixjdohka yd jdo újdoj,ska

ksfhdackh úh'

,snr,ajdoh yd cd;sljdofha kj iajrEmh

1980 oYlh werfUkafka ,xldfõ

foaYmd,k wd¾Ól mßj¾;khlg

uq,mqrñkah' fuf;la úl,am ixj¾Okh

fudv,hla ke;akï wdkhk wdfoaYk"

foaYSh ksIamdok yd ksIamdolhkag jQ rdcH

wkq.%yh olajk wd¾Ól fudv,hla

wkq.ukh l<;a 1980 ka miq rdcH

wd¾Ólh fufyhùfuka bj;aj wd¾Ólh

fjf<|fmd,g wkqj yiqrjk

m%;sm;a;shlg udrejkq ±lSh yel' fï ;=<

rdcH wkq.%yh ,enq úfYaIfhka isxy,

jHdmdßl mka;sh w¾nqohlg .uka l<

w;ru ksoyia ;rÕh;a iu. isxy,

fkdjk jHdmdrlhkago fjf<|fmd,

;rKh u; bÈßhg tAug yelsúh' wfkla

w;g rdcHfha ijrEmh nrm;, f,i

fjkiaùug Ndckh fjñka jvd;a

wêldßjd§ mqoa., flakaøSh md,khlg

;,a úh' Bg iu.dój m%foaYSh

iajdëk;ajhka nrm;, f,i fkdi,ld

yßk w;ru jvd;a flakaøSh md,khla

Wfoid úfrdaOhka mE úmCIhka ÿ¾j,

lsÍug lghq;= lf<ah' m%Odk '''''''' jd¾.sl

cd;sljdoh ;yjqreù ;snqKq iudchla ;=<

fuu flakaø.;ùu Tfrd;a;= fkd§uhs'

úfYaIfhkau fuf;la jd¾.sl cd;sljdoh

m%dfoaYSh iajdëk;ajh yd wkkH;djh

wdrCId lr.ekSug rdcH ;=< ;u

ksfhdackh ;yjqre lsÍu Wfoid wr.,

l< fou< foaYmd,k kdhl;ajh hgm;a

lrñka m%pKav cd;sjd§ lKavdhïj,

j¾Okh fmkakqï lrhs'

úfYaIfhkau 1977 md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ úmCI

kdhlhd njg m;ajQ wñ¾;,sx.ï jeks wh

bka msgux lsÍu;a iu. ol=fKa m%pKav

jd¾.sl cd;sljd§ ;reK lKavdhïj,g

53


jvd fyd| wjia:djla ks¾udKh úh' fï

wdldrhg W;=f¾ jd¾.sl cd;sljdoh

Yla;su;a jk wdldrhgu ol=fKa isxy,

jd¾.sl cd;sljdoh Yla;su;a úh'

úfYaIfhkau fjf<|fmd, wjia:djka

wysñjk isxy, fj<| mka;sh;a rdcHfha

wjia:djka wysñjk isxy, NdIdfjka

wOHdmkh ,enQ ;reK lKavdhïo jd¾.sl-

cd;sjdohg iómjkq ±lSh yel' wfkla

w;g md,l frÔuho ;uka fj; t,a,jk

úfrdaOhka cd;sljdoh Tiafia w¾:l:kh

lf<ah' fuh tla;rd wdldrhlg ud.%Ü

;ep¾ jeks wh hqfrdamfha wd¾Ól w¾nqoh"

/lshd úrys; Ndjhka tk úg tajd

úfoaYslhka u; ;nñka cd;sljdoh weú,Su

jeksh' fÊ'wd¾' chj¾Ok md,kho ;ukag

t,a,jk úfrdaOhkaj,§ jd¾.sl

cd;sljdohg mdr lmñka rdcHfha

iqNidOkh" rdcHfha wjia:djka wysñ

lrk úg t,a,jk úfrdaOhka u.yeÍug

iu;aúh' úfYaIfhkau 1983 we;sjQ l¿

cQ,sfha§ rdcHhg t,a,jQ úfrdaOh fou<

m%cdj u;g weo ±óug md,lhka iDcqj

ueÈy;ajQ nj hdmkh úYajúoHd,

wdpd¾hjreka m< l< lD;shlska fmkajd

foa' fï w;ru 1980 cQ,s j¾ckh wid¾:l

ùu;a jdudxYsl jHdmdrhg ;sfnk moku

;j;j;a ySk jQ w;r b;d blauKskau

m%pkav cd;sljd§ ;reK lKavdhï ol=fKa

wjldYh msrúh'

flfia jqj;a cd;sljdoh ;yjqre fjñka

mej;sho th m%ldY lsÍfï fudfyd;la

(moment) fï ld,h ;=< jqjo

f.dvkexùug fkdyels úh' cd;sljdoh

fï ksid iudch idfmaCI f,i taldnoaO

(Partially Fixed) lsÍfï f.dvkexùula

fkdùh' th Ndr.ekSug ysia yeÕjqï

fkdùh' úfYaIfhka 80 w. Nd.fha ol=fKa

.%dóh my< uOHu mdka;sl ;reKhkaf.a

le/,a, cd;sljdofha m%Odk lÓldj jqj;a

- bkaÈhdkq úfrdaOh" kuq;a foaYfm%aóka

f,i y÷kd.ekSu - th iudcfha fmdÿ

woyi njg m;alsÍug fkdyels úh' tys

j¾Okhg iu.dój m%;súreoaO lÓldj

n,j;a úh' úfYaIfhka tlai;a iudcjd§

fmruqKq jeks jdudxYsl mCIj,ska iEÿkq

yjq,lska u;=l< ixjdoh iudchg

wdl¾IKSh úh' bka ndysrj isá Y%S ,xld

ksoyia mCIho" pkaøsld l=udr;=x.

uy;añhf.a ueÈy;aùu;a iu. Bg tl;=

úh' fï ksid ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK

fufyhjQ u;jdohg jvd Yla;su;aj

;yjqre ùug pkaøsld l=udr;=x. m%uqL

lKavdhïj,g yelsjQ w;r ta ;=<

m%cd;ka;%jdoh" ksoyi jeks ldrKd m%uqL

njg m;aúh' úfYaIfhkau oDIaÁuh

Ndú;fhka f;dr foaYmd,khl fhfoñka

wd¾Óluh ld¾hNdrhg m%uqL;ajh ,ndÿka

tlai;a cd;sl mCI md,kh Tjqkag ±lajQ

úfrdaOhka yuqfõ nrm;, f,i

w;a;fkdau;sl;ajhlg fmr<Su ;=<

Tjqkaf.a kdhl;ajh nrm;, wk;=rlg

m;aúh' Tjqkaf.a kdhl;ajh Ndr.ekSug

iudch iQodkï fkdùu ;=< iudch

ixúOdkh lsÍfï ld¾hhg pkaøsld

l=udr;=x. uy;añh m%uqL jdudxYsl

lKavdhï ueÈy;ajkq ±lSh yel' tfia

hQ'weka'mS' kdhl;aj w¾nqoh;a iu. tu

ia:dkhg pkaøsld uy;añh m%uqL fmdÿ ck

tlai;a fmruqK m;aùu je<elaúh

fkdyels fõ'

ÿ¾j, iudc ieleiau bÈßhgu

pkaøsld uy;añhf.a yd fmdÿ ck tlai;a

fmruqK kdhl;ajh tlai;a cd;sl mCIh

mrdch lsÍug iu;a jqj;a th iudch f.

dvke.Sfï ld¾hfha§ ÿ¾j,;djhka

fmkaúh' úfYaIfhkau Tjqyq f.dvke.+

m%cd;ka;%jdoh" ksoyi jeks lÓldjka

tla;rd wdldrhlska wdh;k msysgqjd.ekSu

NsIK hq.h uq,alr.;a fldñIka iNd jeks"

udOH ksoyi" ue;sjrK meje;aùu" idu

idlÉPd jeks ,snr,a ixl,amhka u; f.

dvke.S ;snqKs' tajd iudcfha fmdÿ woyila

njg m;al< yels lÓldjla ks¾udKh

fkdùu ;=< m%;súreoaO lÓldjka l%ufhka

Yla;su;a ùug bv ie,isks' úfYaIfhkau

idu idlÉPd yd f*vr,a úi÷ï uq,alr.;a

ixjdohka pkaøsld md,kh ;=< cd;sljd§

n,fõ. ke.Sug fyd| wjia:djla i,id

ÿks' zrdcHZ ms<sn| fmdÿ u;hla l%ufhka

iudch ;=< j¾Okh ùug yd zrdcHZ

lsisúgl mrÿjg ;eìh fkdyel hk

u;jdoh l%ufhka f.dvke.=ks' b;d

l=vdjg wdrïN jQ fuu cd;sjd§ lÓldjka

iduh uq,alrf.k mej;s ,snr,a lÓldjg

b;d fyd¢ka m%;spdr olajk m%;s lÓldjla (Counter Discourse) cd;sljdoh ;=<ska u;=

lf<ah' ta ;=< rdcH" cd;sh jeks ixl,am

fukau úl%uisxy uy;d w.%dud;H ùu;a

iu. fõ.j;ajQ kj ,snr,a wd¾Ól ie,iqï

iïnkaOfhka o jQ úfrdaOhla f,i

cd;sljd§ lÓldj u;=úh'

rdcmCI md,kh" w;a;fkdau;sl;ajhlao@ uQ,O¾ujdohlao@ foluo@

wêlrKh" rdcHfha wd¾Ólh"

jHjia:dodhlh we;=¿ ish¨ u¾uia:dk

mjqf,a idudðlhskaf.a leue;a; wlue;a;

njg m;afjñka foaYmd,k cd;sljdoh ;=<

Tmj;ajQ m%cd;ka;%jdoh" idOdrK;ajh"

ksoyi jeks jákdlï bj;a lrñka fulS

uOH.;lrKh yd flakaøSh Ndjh wdrCId

lrk m%d:ñl cd;sljd§ ke;akï

uQ,O¾ujd§ cd;sl Wu;=jla f.dvkÕd

we;' fuu flakaøS Ndjh yd uQ,O¾ujdoh

úfYaIfhkau W;=f¾ Yla;su;a jQ fou<

cd;sljdoh;a iu. ol=fKa isxy,-fn!oaO

cd;sljdoh fyd¢ka fmdaIKh jQ w;r th

ñka fmr ljrodlgj;a jvd 2005 jk úg

ol=fKa iudcfha fmdÿ woyila ke;akï

m%Odk lÓldjla njg m;aúh' ;ukaf.a

wfkld i;=frl= f,i olsñka Tyq

ysxikuh wdldrfhka fyda mrdch lsÍu

ke;akï ;ukaf.a wfkldf.a meje;aug

bv fkd§u fuu cd;sljdofha m%Odk

,CIKh fõ' fï ksid ;ukaf.a wfkld jQ

fou¿ka foaYmd,k wjldYh ;=< isák

;rÕldrfh;= f,i fkdj úkdY l< hq;=

i;=frl= njg nysIalrKh úh' tu oDIaÁh"

ixjdoh yd ls%hdldÍ;ajfhka ^;%ia; úfrdaë

ixúOdk" fou< udOHfõ§ka" l,dlrejka

jeks wh mjd b,lal lrñka myr§u&

;yjqre úh' ke;akï th lÓldjla njg

m;aúh' tu lÓldj uyskao rdcmCI

uy;df.a foaYmd,kh kdhl;ajfhka

;yjqre úh'

lÓld kHdhg wkqj m%;súfrdaOhka tljr

mej;sh yels w;ru lÓldjka bÈßhg

f.khdug tu iuia;hg mßndysr Wmdx."

ix{d mej;Su wksjd¾hfõ' fï ksid

j¾;udk rdcmCI md,kh tljr ,snr,a

l%uh;a thg úfrdaOhka yÕjk isxy,-

fn!oaO jd¾.sl Wmdx.;a fmdaIKh lrhs'

tfia úfrdaOhka mej;Sug rdcmCI md,kh

mj;ajd .ekSu ;yjqre lrhs' úfYaIfhkau

fï úfrdaOhka m%cd;ka;%jd§ jákdlï

uq,alr.;a úfrdaOhka fkdjk w;r ckm%sh

yeÕjqï - .j >d;k úfrdaOh"

wkHd.ñllrKh" uqia,sï úfrdaOh -

uq,alr.;a úfrdaOhka jk fyhska tajd

mj;sk lÓldjg wNsfhda.hla fkdfõ' th

;j ;j;a ;yjqre lrk Wmdx. (elements) njg m;afõ' rdcH uq,alr.;a cd;sljdoh -

wdrïNfha§ cd;Skaf.a wNs,dIh rdcHfha

hym; nj wêksYaph lf<ah' l%ufhka

mjq,l meje;au yd wNs,dIh njg m;aùu

nrm;, ldrKhls' úfYaIfhkau iqúfYaIS

iudc lKavdhula rdcHfha m%Odk wCIhka

w;am;a lr.kS kï Tjqyq ck;djg jvd

by<ska lghq;= lrhs kï tys cd;sl

wNs,dIhla fkdue;s nj m%xY úma,jh

Woa§mkh l< kHdhdpd¾hjrfhl= jQ

Emmanuel Siyeas m%ldY lf<ah' cd;sh

hkq ck;djf.a ls%hdldÍ;ajh yd Tjqkaf.a

fmdÿ wNs,dIhka u.ska f.dvkef.k nj

Tyq jeäÿrg;a fmkajdfoa' fï ksid rdcHh

blaujd hñka tys m%Odk wCIhka -

md¾,sfïka;=j" wêlrKh" úOdhlh -

mqoa.,fhl= yd lKavdhula ;=<

flakaø.;ùu cd;sljdofha foaYmd,k

iajrEmh urd ouñka w;a;fkdau;sl;ajh

yd uQ,O¾ujdohg /f.k hdulah'

kQ;k zcdkqiaZ fyj;a m%d:ñl cd;sljdoh

yd kj ,snr,ajdofha iqixfhda.h LTTE

mrdch ùu;a iu. y÷kd.; yels w¿;a

;;a;ajhls' flfia jqj;a cd;sljdoh

úYajdi l< hym;a rdcHfha ls%hdldÍ;ajh

ÈhqKq lrñka rdcH ord isák m%Odk l=¿Kq

jk m%cd;ka;%jdoh" ksoyi" idOdrK;ajh

jeks jákdlï yd tu jákdlï Yla;su;a

lrk wOHdmkh" fi!LH jeks fCIa;%hka

ms<snO m%uqL;djhla ,nd§ w¨;a cd;sl

wNs,dIhka ks¾udKh lrkq we;ehs hk

úYajdih úh' tfy;a cd;sl lÓldj"

m%d:ñl Wmdx. blaujd fkd.sh w;ru

cd;sl lÓldj ;+< ;snQ rdcHh uq,alr.;a

wNs,dIh ixj¾Okh ke;akï wd¾Ólh

uq,alr.;a wNs,dIhka njg mßj¾;kh

úh' fï ksid m%cd;ka;%jdoh" ksoyi"

54


idOdrK;ajh jeks rdcH uq,alr.;a

wNs,dIhka ke;skï yelsf,ñka uqo,a

yïnlsÍug uq,a;ek fok kj lÓldjla

ixj¾Okh kñka ;yjqre úh' tlúgu

merKs iajNdúl Wmdx. jk isxy, cd;sh"

fn!oaOd.u" merKs rcjrekaf.a u;lhka

wdÈh;a kd.ßl ixj¾Okh" fydag,a

l¾udka;" rd;%s iudcYd,d" leisfkda

jHdmdr jeks kQ;klrK ls%hdj,shka tlg

.uka lsÍu úoHdudkfõ' kQ;k cdkqia

iajrEmh hkq fuhhs' cdkqia foúhka kï

.%Sl ñ;Hdj wkqj tla ysila bÈßhg;a"

wksla ysi msgqmig;a msysàuhs' fï wkqj

mj;sk cd;sljdofha tla ysila w;S;hg;a

wksla ysi wkd.;hg;a jk fia

m%;súfrdaOhkaf.a meje;au u;=ùuh'

rdcmCI mjqf,a foaYmd,k wd¾Ólh '''

rdcmCI mjq, wkq.ukh lrñka we;af;a

zw,a,d .ekSuZ yd zfld,a,lEuZ kue;s

foaYmd,k wd¾Ól l%ufõohhs' fuh kj

rdcdKavq Wml%uhls' uOH.; md,khla

u.ska yels;rï iïm;a fld,a,lEu yd

;ukag wh;a ke;s N+ñka w;am;a lr

.ekSuhs' 17" 18 jeks ishjiaj, hqfrdamfha

fuh m%Odk Wml%uh fõ' kj

rdcdKavqjd§kao m%d:ñl cd;sjd§ka jQ w;ru

Tjqyq j¾.h" wd.u zW;a;ujdohZ ;yjqre

lsÍfï yd tajdfha wdrCIlhka úh'

hqfrdamShka hg;aúsð;hka wdl%uKh lf<a

;=jlal=jhs" l=reihhs wf;a r|jdf.k nj

Frantz Fanon fmkajdfohs' fï ksid

Okjdoh jvd;a ;yjqre ùug zm%d:ñl

cd;sljdohZ ke;akï j¾.h" wd.u

ft;sydisl ld¾hNdrhla bgqlr we;'

fufia j¾.h" wd.u Wmdx. f,i fhdod

.;a cd;sljdÈ lÓldjka mqoa.,hka ùrhka

lsÍu b;sydih mqrd wOHkh l< yel'

tx.,ka;fha t<sifn;a hq.h" m%xYfha ¨ù

hq.h fukau c¾uksfha ysÜ,¾ mjd j¾. yd

wd.ï W;a;ujd§ka úh' rdcmCI hq.h;a

tjeksu ft;sydisl fudfyd;ls' j¾.h"

wd.u Wmdx.hka f,i wêksYaph lr.;a

lÓldj u.ska kj ,snr,a iudc

mßj¾;kh igyka lr we;'

rdcmCI mjq, yd kj ,snr,a cd;sjd§ iudc lKavdhï

rdcmCI mjq, f.k hk md,kh iqúfYaIS

jQ tlls' cd;sh" wd.u" rdcH wd§ Wmdx.

njg mjq, m;aù we;' th tla;rd

wdldrhlg iqúfYAIS foaYmd,k Wml%uhls'

fuf;la lsis md,lfhl=g rdcH njg

m;aúh fkdyelsh' Tjqka n,h

w;am;alr.;a rdcHhg ndysrj isá

mqoa.,hka úh' ke;akï md,lhka úh' ta

ksid Tjqkag tfrysj myiqfjka úfrdaOhka

t,a, l< yelsúh' tfy;a rdcmCIjreka

rdcH njg m;aúh' cd;sh;a" wd.u;a we;=¿

m%d:ñl Wmdx. yqÿ oDIaÀhla f,i fkdjk

Èkm;d ls%hdldÍ;ajfha fldgila njg

m;alr .;af;ah' rdcmCI ckdêm;s

yeuojilu fldfya fyda mkai,l fld;a

me<|ùula" úydr f.hla újD; lsÍu fyda

wju jYfhka mkai,l jeisls<shla

bÈlsÍfï uq,a.; ;eîulg iyNd.sfõ'

wfkla w;g f.daGdNh rdcmCI isxy,-

fn!oaO wka;jdofha m%Odk wkq.%dylhd nj

ljqre;a okS' fndÿ n, fiakd ixúOdkh

uy ojdf,a fmd,Sishg ;¾ckh lrk úg

kS;s úoHd,fha úÿy,am;sg myr fok úg

Tjqkag i,lkafka w;orejkag i,lk

W;=rd .sh ohdjlskah' fndÿ n, fiakdj

kS;sh t<smsg lvk úg Tjqka yd

meñKs,slrejka w;r idlÉPd fldg

m%Yakh úi|d.ekSfï ueÈy;alrejd jkafka

f.daGdNh rdcmCIh' tfy;a úYajúoHd,

isiqkaf.a" fiiq úfrdaO;dlrejka yuqfõ

f.daGdNh rdcmCI yd fmd,Sish

yeisfrkafka fjiuqKshka f,ih' fï ksid

rdcmCI ;u foaYmd,k kdhl;ajh ;yjqre

lr.ekSu fjkqfjka fmdaIKh lrk

fojkfm< iudc ;Srejla isáhs' tla;rd

wdldrhlska fudjqka rdcmCI md,khg

iodpdruh kdhl;ajh fokq ,eîh' k,ska

is,ajd" .=Kodi wurfialr jeks wh fuu

rdcmCI md,kfha iodpdrd;aul

kdhl;ajhg uq,msrejka j¾;udkfha

;yjqreù we;s m%pKav m%d:ñl cd;sljdoh

(violent proto Nationalism) .,f.dv

w;af;a {dkidr jeks ¨ïmka NsCIQka m%uqL

rdjK n,h" isxy, rdjh jeks

ixúOdkj,g udreù we;' th j;auka

mjqf,a foaYmd,k wd¾Ólh - zw,a,d.ekSuZ

yd zfld,a,lEuZ g uy;a msájy,ls'

m%pKav m%d:ñl cd;sljdoh" foaYmd,kh

njg m;aùu;a iu. Bg m%;spdr ±laùug

ke;akï fuu m%d:ñl cd;sljd§ lÓldjg"

m%;s lÓldjla fkdue;s ;;a;ajhla

ks¾udKh ù we;' ta yd iu.u

úu,a ùrjxY jeks cd;sl ;,fha pß;

fukau mdi,aj, .=rejßhka oK.iajk"

l=vd ±ßhka ¥IKh lrk mdov iudc

lKavdhï ks¾udKh lr we;' uqo,a

yïnlsÍfï ksr;j isák fuu lKavdhï

foaYmd,kh lsÍu ms<sn| lsisÿ woyila

fyda W!rejla fkdue;s msßiah' Tjqkag

úfrdaOhka" úfõpk we;=<;a foaYmd,k

ls%hdldÍ;ajh kqreiaik msßila jk w;ru

foaYmd,k ls%hdldÍ;ajhka hgm;a l< yels

m%pKav m%d:ñl cd;sljdoh Tjqkag f;areï

.;yels .e,fmk fohla njg m;aj we;'

lsisúfgl;a wksldf.a wNsudkh .ek

fkdi,lk fuu iudc lKavdhu

n,y;aldrh" hgm;alsßu" w,a,d .ekSu yd

uxfld,a,h ;yjqre lsÍug yd th fmdÿ

ú{dkfhka wE;a lsÍfï ld¾hNdrh Wfoid

isxy,-fn!oaO m%pKav W;a;ujdoh

fhdodf.k we;' wêrdcHjd§ka wfkldf.a

N+ñh hgm;a lr.ekSug l=reih yd

;=jlal=j fhdod.;a mßÈu rdcHh ;=<u

isák ÿ¾j,hkaf.a N+ñh w,a,d .ekSug yd

uxfld,a, lEug O¾upl%h yd ;=jlal=j

Ndú;d lsÍug rdcmCI mjq, lghq;= lr

we;' b;sydih ;=< tu uxfld,a, lEu yd

w,a,d .ekSu fufyhjQ md,lhka uyd

ùrhka f,i igyka ù we;s mßÈu rdcmCI

mjq,o foaYfm%aóka f,i wkkH;djh

f.dvk.df.k we;' fuu w,a,d .ekSu yd

fld,a,lEu ms<sn|j m%;slÓldjla

f.dvkef.k ;dla fiiq wh úreoaOjd§ka

muKls' úreoaOjd§ka lrkafka h:d¾;h

iu. rKavqùu muKS' tfy;a wjYH wfma

wfkld ^rdcmCI mjq,& w,a,df.k isák

m%Odk Wmdx. iu. ;rÕldÍ lÓldjla

f.dvke.Suhs' th wudre ld¾hhls' wudre

ld¾hh hkq foaYmd,khhs' fï fudfydf;a

wjYH foaYmd,kh lsÍuhs'

55rdcmCI mjq, f.k hk md,kh iqúfYaIS jQ tlls' cd;sh" wd.u" rdcH wd§ Wmdx. njg mjq, m;aù we;' th tla;rd wdldrhlg iqúfYAIS foaYmd,k Wml%uhls' fuf;la lsis md,lfhl=g rdcH njg m;aúh fkdyelsh' Tjqka n,h w;am;alr.;a rdcHhg ndysrj isá mqoa.,hka úh' ke;akï md,lhka úh' ta ksid Tjqkag tfrysj myiqfjka úfrdaOhka t,a, l< yelsúh' tfy;a rdcmCIjreka rdcH njg m;aúh' cd;sh;a" wd.u;a we;=¿ m%d:ñl Wmdx. yqÿ oDIaÀhla f,i fkdjk Èkm;d ls%hdldÍ;ajfha fldgila njg m;alr .;af;ah' rdcmCI ckdêm;s yeuojilu fldfya fyda mkai,l fld;a me<|ùula" úydr f.hla újD; lsÍu fyda iyNd.sfõ' wfkla w;g f.daGdNh rdcmCI isxy,-fn!oaO wka;jdofha m%Odk wkq.%dylhd nj ljqre;a okS'

, pór fmf¾rdfoaYmd,k ls%hdor


56

f,dj wd.ï ìysjQfha ñksid ;=< yslaóula

ixhuhla we;s lsßu i|ydh' iEu

mqoa.,fhla ;=<u hy .=K fukau ÿ¾.=K

o mj;S' m%Odk wd.ï u.ska ck;dj ;=<

mj;sk fkdyslauqk ;sßika iajNdjhka

md,kh lsÍug fukau ck;dj w;r

iycSjkh j¾Okh lsÍug W;aidy ord

we;' wm rg ;=< fn!oaO" yskaÿ" bia,dï

iy l%sia;shdks hk m%Odk wd.ï y;rla

l%shd;aul fjhs' fï iEu wd.ulskau

urKska u;= cSú;hla .ek lshefjk

w;r ta ksidu fuf,dj cSú;h hym;a

f,i .; lsÍfï wjYH;djho wjOdrkh

lrhs' ffu;%sh" lreKdj" m%{dj" fm%auh"

ohdj" È<s÷kg msysg ùu" wi,ajeishkg

Wmldr lsÍu" m<s fkd.ekSu" iudj §u

jeks iudcfha hy meje;aug WmldÍ jk

Wiia .=Kdx. tu oyï ;=<ska b.ekafõ'

fn!oaO O¾uh

rfÜ nyq;rhlf.a wd.u jk fn!oaO

O¾uh ksoyia Ñka;kh .re lrk" cd;s

l=, wd.ï fNao yd uQ, O¾ujdoh

m%;slafIam lrk" iduh ixys|shdj Èß.

kajk" wúysxidj iy ish¨ i;ajhskg

ffu;%sh m;=rejk" mßir ys;ldó" uOHu

m%;smodj yd w,afmaÉP cSjk rgdj w.h

lrk" fya;= M, jdoh fiau lreKdj yd

m%{dj mokï ù we;s" ksjka u. fmkajd

fok f,dj fY%aIaG;u o¾Ykhla bÈßm;a

flfrk wd.uls' tu oyu iuia;hla

f,iu ksoyia yd ;d¾lsl Ñka;kh w.h

lrk w;r hula ms<s.; hq;= wdldrh

ms<sn|j ld,du iQ;%fha fufia ±lafõ'

1' ud wkqiaifõk - lg l;d wid

fkdms<s.kak'

2' ud b;slsrdh - fuf;la l,a mej;=kd

lshd fkdms<s.kak'

3' ud mrïmrdh - mrïmrdfjka mej;

tk ksid fkdms<s.kak'

4' ud ;lalfya;= - ;¾lhg .e,fmk

ksid fkdms<s.kak'

5' ud kh fya;= - kHdhg .e,fmk ksid

fkdms<s.kak'

6' ud ms;l iïmodfkak - .%ka:j, ;snQ

muKska fkdms<s.kak'

7' ud wdldr mßÑ;laflak - fï úêh

fyd|hs lshd is;d fkdms<s.kak'

8' ud ÈÜÀ ksÊcdkla L;a;shd -;ukaf.a

oDIaÀhg .e,fmkjd hhs lshd

fkdms<s.kak'

9' ud yín rEm;dh - flfkl=f.a

iajrEmh ±l fkdms<s.kak'

10' ud iufkd fkd.re;s - .=rejrfhla lS

ksidj;a fkdms<s.kak'

ld,dufhks" Tng jegfyakï fuh

wl=i,hla" kqjKe;a;ka úiska .rykq

,nkakla" fuhska ÿlla we;sfõ lshd" th

w;a yßkak' iduldó iycSjkfhka hqla;

cSjk rgdjla iudch ;=< f.dv ke.Sug

bjy,a lr .; yels m%;sm;a;s ud,djla

mxp YS,h u.ska y÷kajd § we;'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia cd;s l=, wd.ï fNao

j,g tfrysj iy ñksia j¾.hd w;r

mj;sk iudk;djh ms<sn|j uÊcsu

ksldfha jdfiÜG iq;%fha lreKq olajd

;sfí' ta wkqj cd;sh jkdys f,dalfha

we;s fjkila i,ld lrkq ,enQjla fkdj

mj;sk weÕùula muKla hehso"

uk#l,ams; jQ fohla muKla hehso" kdu

f.da;%o is;ska ujd.;a;djq foaj,a hehso

Wkajykafia m%ldY l< fial' mrdNj

iQ;%fha§ Wkajykafia foaYkd lf<a" hï

mqoa.,fhla cd;sh ksid" Okh ksid"

f.da;%h ksid udkfhka hqla; fõo fiiq

cd;Ska my;a fldg i,lkq ,efío Tyq

msßySug m;ajk njhs' nqÿrcdKka

jykafia ñksiqkaf.a cd;sh" f.da;%h" l=,h

fkdúuiQ w;r uiska f,hska wÕmiÕska

fjkila fkdue;s nj;a fjki we;af;a

is;=ï me;=ï iy lrkq ,nk l%shdjka

nj;a foaYkd l< fial'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia ji, iQ;%fha §

foaYkd lf<a"

kcÉPd jif,da fyda;s - kcÉPd

fyda;s n%dyaufKda

lïukd jif,da fyda;s - lïukd

fyda;s n%dyaufKda

flfkla cd;sfhka ji,fhla fkdfõ'

cd;sfhka n%dyauKfhlao fkdfjhs' Tyq

n%dyauKfhla fyda ji,fhla njg m;a

jkafka lrkq ,nk l%shdjka wkqj njhs'

iEu wd.ul Ndú;h ;=< j¾;udkfha § uQ,O¾ujd§ ,laIK u;= fjñka mj;S' ta w;r m%Odk ,laIK jkafka

1' ;u wd.u muKla tlu ksjerÈu i;H wd.u nj' tlu ksjerÈ cSjk ud¾.h th nj'

2' wd.fï kdufhka ysxidldÍ f,i jqj l%shd lsÍug ;ukag whs;shla we;s nj'

3' ;uka úfYaI f;dard .kq ,enQ fyda jrm%ido ysñúh hq;= msßila nj'

4' ;ukag iaj¾Kuh w;S;hla mej;s nj'

5' kùk;ajhg tfrys nj'6' uQ,O¾ujdoh yd cd;sljdoh

fndfydaúg tlaj mj;S' fuu uQ,O¾ujd§ iajNdjhka

iudc" cd;sl" wd.ñl ixys|shdjlg ndOdldÍ f,i l%shd;aul jkq ±lsh yelsh'

O¾uhg tfrysj mj;sk

wd.ñl uQ,O¾ujdoh


57nqÿ oyug wkqj .egqï we;sùug uq,a

jkafka wfma is;a ;=< my, jk wl=i,a

uq,a jk f,daN" oafõI" fuday" hk mdmS

is;sú,s mrïmrdjhs' ta wkqj iduh we;s

lsÍu i|yd nqÿ oyug wkqj uQ,sl jkafka

o wfma is;aj, we;sjk wf,daN" woafõI"

wfuday lshk l=i,a uQ,sl is;sú,s we;slr

.;fyd;a wm ;ekam;a uOHia: wh njg

m;a jkq we;'

wfYdal wêrdchdf.a tla fi,a ,smshl

olajd we;af;a wkqkaf.a wd.ug .rykakd

;ukaf.a wd.fï ñkS j, ydrd .kakd

njhs'

ffck uyd ùr f.a f.da,hl= jQ Wmd,s

.Dym;s mq;%j" l¾uh" mqkre;am;a;sh yd

wd;auh ms<sn| újdolr nqÿka jykafiaj

meroùfï wruqKska tjQ wjia:dfõ Wmd,s

.Dym;s mq;% mrdchg m;a úh' bkamiq

Wmd,s .Dym;s mq;% nqÿ oyu je<| .ekSug

wjir me;Sh' tfy;a nqÿka jykafia tu

b,a,Su f;jrlau m%;slafIam l<y' thg

m%Odk fya;=j jQfha tjeks jQ ck

m%Odksfhl= rjgd .;a;d hehs fpdaokdjla

t,a, úh yels ùuhs' wjidkfha nqÿ oyu

je<| .ekSug wjir ÿkafka" fuf;la

l,a ffck uyd ùrg l< .re i;aldr

wem Wmldr tfiau fkdlvjd lrk njg

fmdfrdkaÿjla ,nd .ekSfuka miqjh'

fujeks b.ekaùï we;s nqÿ oyu kñka wo

wm rg ;=< fnfyda úg b.ekafjkafka

fudkjdo @ uQ,O¾ujdoh g tfrys ks¾u,

nqÿ oyu uQ,O¾u jd§ ;;a;ajfhka fírd

.kafka flfiao@

bia,dï O¾uh

bia,dï O¾ufha m%Odk uQ, O¾u yhla

fõ'

1' w,a,dya foúhka ms<s.ekSu'

2' hdÉ[d lsÍu'

3' foaj ÿ;hka ms<s.ekSu'

4' wkd.; jla;Dka ms<s.ekSu'

5' urKfhka miq cSú;h úYajdi lsÍu'

6' iaj¾.h iy wmdh mj;sk nj úYajdi

lsÍu'

bia,dï oyu wkqj iEu bia,dï

ne;suf;l=gu m%Odk j.lSï myla fõ'

1' w,a,dya foúhka ms<s.ekSu'

2' Èklg mia jrla hdÉ[d lsÍu'

î,d;h&

3' ÿ.S odkh' îld;a& ;ukaf.a j;alï

j,ska ishhg folyudrla ta i|yd

fhoùu'

4' jirlg Èk 30 la rduidka

Wmjdifha fh§u'

5' yelshdjla we;s wh cSú;hg tla

j;djlaj;a yÊ jkaokdfõ fh§u'

bia,dï oyu iduqysl Èúh Èß .kajk

w;r l=uk cd;shl fyda wd.ul jqjo

wi,a jeishd iu. lghq;= l< hq;=

wdldrh tys uekeúka olajd we;'

• wnq yqfrhsrd rÈh,a,dyq m%ldY

lrkafka kì ;=ud fufia m%ldY lr

we;s njhs'

tlsfkldg ;E.s m%odkh lrkak'

ulaksido tu.ska yojf;a we;s ffjrh

bj;ajk neúks' ta iu. ia;%shl úiska

wi,a jeishl= ;Hd.hla f,i fokq

,nkakdjQ t¿ l=rhl fldgila jqjo

ms<sl=,a fkdl< hq;=hs'

• Tn,d lsisfjla lsishï hym;a l%shdjla

wjeo.;a f,i fkdie,lsh hq;=hs'

Tng hym;a l%shdjla l< fkdyels

kï wju jYfhka Tnf.a ifydaorhd

m%S;sfhka hq;=j uqK.efikak' ^tho

hym;a l%shdjls'& Tn ñ,§ .kafka kï

fyda j<|l msiskafka kï" tys biau

jeä fldg thska fldgila wi,a

jeishdg fokak'

• wi,a jeishd Tnf.a ysxidldÍ

yeisßfuka mSvd ú|skafka kï fyda Tn

ksid wkdrlaIs; njla Tyqg$wehg

yef.kafka kï" Tng lsis Èkl

iaj¾. rdcHhg we;=¿ úh fkdyel'

• w,a,dya foúhka iy W;a:dk ùfï

Èkh úYajdi lrkafka kï wi,a

jeishdg f.!rj lrkak' —iydndya˜

riq,a,dyaf.ka wikafka wi,a

jeishdf.a whs;sjdislï fudkjdo@

hkqfjks' thg ms<s;=re foñka

mjikafka Tyq hula b,a¨j fyd;a th

Tyqg fokak' Tyqg Woõ wjYH kï

th ,nd fokak' Tyq Khla

b,a¨jfyd;a th ,nd fokak' Tyq

werhqula l<fyd;a th ms<s.kak' Tyq

wikSm jqjfyd;a ne,Sug hkak' Tyq

ñh .sh fyd;a Tyqf.a wju.=,g

iyNd.s jkak' Tyqg .eg¨jla u;=ù

kï Tyqj ikikak' thska fldgila

fyda Tyqg fkdfokjd kï Tn lEu

msiskd iqj| ksid Tyqg ysßyer

fkdùug j. n,d .kak' Tyqf.a

wjirh fkd,nd Tyqf.a ksjdihg

by<ska hkfia Tnf.a ksji

fkd;kkak' thska Tyqf.a jd;dY%hg

ndOd muqKqjk fyhsks'

• wi,a jeishd l=i.skafka isáh§ l=i

msfrk ;=re wdydr .kafka weoys,s

jka;fhla fkdfõ'

• ksy;udkS jkak' wka whg jvd

by,ska fkdis;kak' wka whg mSvd

fkdlrkak' ksy;udkS ;eke;a;d

w,a,dya foúhka úiska Wiia fldg

i,lkq ,efí'

• iudj b,a,d isák úg iudj

fkdfokakd whq;= f,i whnÿ /ia

lrkafkl= yd iudk fõ'

• n,j;a ;eke;a;d wka whg .id ìu

fkdouhs' n,j;a kï Tyq ish ;ryj

md,kh lr .kshs' isgf.k isák úg

;ry meñKsh fyd;a ys|.kak' túg;a

wvq fkdjqkfyd;a je;sfrkak' bßhõ

isf;a iekis,a, Wodlr ;ryj

u.yrjkq we;'

• lreKdjka; jkak' r¿ nia

fkdlshkak' wkqkg Wmydi f,i

iskd fkdjkak' thu Tng wdmiq

,efí'

• hqla;sh fjkqfjka fkdie,S ke.S

isákak' Tng" foudmshkag fyda

kEhkag tfrysj jqj i;H idlaIs

fokak'

• wkqka wkq.ukh fkdlrkak' tfia

fldg Tjqka wmg Wmldr l<d" tksid

Wmldr lruq' Tjqka wmg jro l<;a

wm;a Tjqkag jro lruqhs fkdlrkak'

ñksiqka jrola l<;a hym;u lrkak'

• ;udf.a wefia we;s ,S fldgh fkd±l

ifydaorhdf.a wefia we;s msÿre .i

nqÿrcdKka jykafia cd;s l=, wd.ï fNao j,g tfrysj iy ñksia j¾.hd w;r mj;sk iudk;djh ms<sn|j uÊcsu ksldfha jdfiÜG iq;%fha lreKq olajd ;sfí' ta wkqj cd;sh jkdys f,dalfha we;s fjkila i,ld lrkq ,enQjla fkdj mj;sk weÕùula muKla hehso" uk#l,ams; jQ fohla muKla hehso" kdu f.da;%o is;ska ujd.;a;djq foaj,a hehso Wkajykafia m%ldY l< fial' mrdNj iQ;%fha§ Wkajykafia foaYkd lf<a" hï mqoa.,fhla cd;sh ksid" Okh ksid" f.da;%h ksid udkfhka hqla; fõo fiiq cd;Ska my;a fldg i,lkq ,efío Tyq msßySug m;ajk njhs' nqÿrcdKka jykafia ñksiqkaf.a cd;sh" f.da;%h" l=,h fkdúuiQ w;r uiska f,hska wÕmiÕska fjkila fkdue;s nj;a fjki we;af;a is;=ï me;=ï iy lrkq ,nk l%shdjka nj;a foaYkd l< fial'


58

foi fkdn,kak'

• uu fyd| fyda krl lrk nj ±k

.kafka flfiao@ ieneúkau Tfí

wi,ajeishka Tfí fyd| lshhs kï

Tn hym;a h' Tjqka Tn whym;a hhs

lshhs kï Tn whym;a h'

• ñksiqka w;r jerÈ fukau ta wh

w;ru hy.=Ko /ila we;' ñksia j¾.

hd hym; iy whymf;ys

iïñY%Khls' tksid flfkl=f.a jro

bj; oud hy.=K .ek wjOdkh

fhduq l< hq;=h'

yskaÿ O¾uh

yskaÿ O¾uh f,dj bmerKsu O¾uhls'

th b;d .eUqre yd mq¨,a jk w;r

O¾ufhys uQ,sl b.ekaùï we;s .%ka:

lSmhla fõ' tu O¾ufhys b.ekafjk

uQ,sl úYajdihka lSmhls'

1' foaj ixl,amh'

fï wkqj foújre rdYshla ms<sn|

úYajdihka mj;S'

2' foaj iy wj;d¾'

fuys wj;d¾ f,i ye|skafjkafka

mqkre;am;a;sh f,i h<s bm§uhs'

3' l¾uh iy ixidrh'

l¾uh ;=<ska fya;= M, iïnkaOh

m%ldYfjk w;r ixidr hkafkka

l%shdj" m%;sl%shdj" Wm;" urKh" h<s

bm§u ms<sn|j lshefõ' cSú;fha

wjidk b,lalh fudalaI fõ'

4' ñksia cSú;fha wruqKq" mqreId¾:

^w& O¾u Ô¾ñIaG nj" wdpdr O¾u&

O¾u hkq kS;sh yd md,kh"

iycSjkh" mru i;Hh hk úYaj

uQ,O¾u fõ' i;Hh fuys m%Odk

;ekla .kS' WmksIoa j,

lshefjkqfha —i;Hh l;d lrk

ñksid O¾uh l;d lrhs'˜ —O¾uh

l;d lrk ñksid i;Hh l;d

lrhs'˜ hkqfjks'

^wd& w¾: ^ cSjfkdamdh" Okh&

±yeñ f,i cSjfkdamdh i|yd

Okh" ne|Sï iy wd¾Ól iuDoaêh

,Õdlr .ekSu ñka woyia fõ'

thg foaYmd,k cSú;h" iudc

cSú;h iy øjHd;aul hy

meje;au o we;=<;a h'

^we& ldu ^bkaøshka mskùu&

úkaokh" fi!kao¾hd;aul

cSú;fha úfkdaoh" wdorh iy

fifkyi wdÈh ñka woyia fõ'

^wE& fudalaI

cSú;fha wjidk n,dfmdfrd;a;=j

fuh fõ' fuys§ ixidrh kej;Su

isÿ fõ'

5' fhda.

cSú; wruqKq Èkd .ekSu i|yd ud¾.

.Kkdjla fõ'

• Nla;s fhda. ^wdorh yd lemùfï

ud¾.h&

• l¾u fhda. ^ksjerÈ l%shdfõ ud¾.

h&

• rdc fhda. ^Ndjkd ud¾.h&

• {dK fhda. ^m%{d ud¾.h&

fuu.ska fN!;sl yd wOHd;añl

j¾Okhla ñksidg w;alr .; yel'

yskaÿ O¾uh iy fn!oaO O¾uh w;r

ióm in|;djla we;' w;S;fha §

bkaÈhdj ;=< ta w;r iycSjkhla

mej;s nj lshefõ' tys b.ekaùï w;r

in|;d rdYshls' l¾uh"

mqkre;am;a;sh" ksjk yd fudalaIh"

mxp YS,h" iy Ndjkd wdÈh ksoiqka

fõ' yskaÿ O¾ufha iy l%sia;shdks

O¾ufha uQ,sl b.ekaúï w;ro hï

iudk;d we;' l%sia;shdksfha ms;d^mshd&"

mq;%hd iy Y=Od;auhdKka f,i Y=oaOjQ

;%s;ajhla úYajdi lrk w;r yskaÿ

O¾ufha o úIaKq ^mshd&" Ysj

^Y=Od;auhdKka&" n%yau ^mq;d& f,i

tjeks jQ foaj ;%s;ajhla úYajdi lrhs'

l%sia;shdks O¾uh

l%sia;shdks O¾ufha moku fm%auhhs' th

foúhkag yd wi,ajeishdg fm%au lsÍu

f,i w¾: ±lafõ' ta ;=< cd;sh" l=,h"

wd.u" ÿmam;a - fmdfydi;a" W.;a - kQ.;a"

hk lsis÷ fNaohla fkdie,fla' ta wkqj

kS;shg jvd fm%auh Wiia h' tfiau

l%sia;shdksfha mSä;hkag" È<s÷kag"

wirKhkag úfYaI ;ekla ysñ fõ'

—foúhka jykafia ;u iajrEmh wkqj

ñksid uejQ fial'˜ ^W;am;a;s 1(27&

hkafkka iEu mqoa.,fhl=f.au

W;=ïlu;a iudk;ajh;a m%ldY fjhs'

foúhka

jykafia úiska fudafiia ;=ud u.ska

ñksidg ,nd ÿka oimk; tu fm%auh

m%dfhda.slj Ndú;d lsÍug;a iudc cSú;h

iduqysl;ajfhka iu.sfhka .; lsÍug;a

u. fmkaùula ,nd fohs' l%sia;shdks

O¾ufha m%Odk b.ekaùï we;s nhsn,fha

kslauhdu fmd;g ysñ jkafka b;d

jeo.;a ia:dkhls' jy,a núka ksjy,a

njg kslauhdu bka lshefõ' ls;=Kq

ckjkaokdj hkq kslauhdfuka ,o

úuqla;sh m%ldY lsÍuls' ifydaor;ajh"

iduqysl;ajh" iy iudkd;au;dj m%ldY

lsÍula bka isÿfõ' uq,a hq.fha§

l%sia;shdksfha b.ekaùu jQfha .e<ùu

ysñjkqfha BY%dfh,a cd;slhskag muKla

njh' miqj l%sia;=ka jykafia úiska th

fjkia lr ish¨ ukqIHhskag th ysñ nj

m%ldY lrk ,§' th mqoa.,hskaf.a

l%shdldß;ajh wkqj ysñjk nj bka

lsheúK'

fÊiqia jykafia lkao Wv foaYkdj u.ska

.e,ùu ,nkafkda ljqrekao hkak

meyeÈ,sj m%ldY l< fial'

—ne.E is;ska foú irK m;kafkda

Nd.Hjka;fhda h' iaj¾. rdcHh Tjqkaf.a

h' fYdal jkafkda Nd.Hjka;fhda h'

Tõyq iekiSu ,nkafkda h' ksy;udkS

.=K we;af;da Nd.Hjka;fhda h' Tõyq

foaYh Wreu lr .kafkda h' hqla;shg

idmsmdid we;af;da Nd.Hjka;fhda h'

Tõyq ;Dma;su;a jkafkda h' ohdjka;fhda

Nd.Hjka;fhda h' Tõyq ohdj ,nkafkda

h' ks¾u, is;a we;af;da Nd.Hjka;fhda h'

Tõyq foúhka jykafia olskafkda h'

iduh we;s lrkafkda Nd.Hjka;fhda h'

Tõyq foúhka jykafiaf.a mq;%fhda h hs

lshkq ,nkafkda h' hqla;sh Wfoid mSvd

ú|skafkda Nd.Hjka;fhda h' iaj¾.

rdcHh Tjqkaf.a h' ñksiqka ud ksid Tng

kskaod mSvd fldg" kdkd úO wi;H

fpdaokd kÕk l, Tn Nd.Hjka;fhda h'

m%S;s m%fudao jkak' ukao iaj¾.fhys Tfí

m, úmdlh buy;a h' Tng fmr isá

Èjeisjrhkag;a Tõyq tf,i u mSvd

l<y'˜ ûf;õ 5( 3-12&

lshk foa wkqj fkdj lrk foa wkqj

.e,ùu ,nk nj fufia o m%ldY lr

zi;=rka fj; f.!rjh yd fm%auhZ hk wkq isria;,h hgf;a fufia olajd we;' —iudchSh jQ;a foaYmd,kuh jQ yd wd.ñl jQ;a lreKqj, § wmf.a l,amkd wkqj l,amkd fkdlrkakd jQ o wm l%shd lrk wdldrfhka l%shd fkdlrkakd jQ o wh flfrys mjd wmf.a f.!rjh yd fm%auh me;sr hd hq;=hs' Tjqka is;k wdldrh lreKdfjka yd fm%aufhka f;areï .kak m%udKhg wm úiska Tjqka iu. ixjdohg we;=¿ ùu myiq fjhs' fï fm%auh yd fyd| ys; fya;=fldgf.k i;Hh yd hym; hgm;a lsÍula wmf.a wfmka n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjkq ,efí' ish¿ ukqIHhkg .e<ùuodhl i;Hh m%ldY lsÍug l%sia;=ka jykafiaf.a wkq.dñlfhda fm%aufhka fmd<Ukq ,nhs'


59we;'

—iaj¾.fhys jev jik udf.a mshdKka

jykafiaf.a leue;a; bgq lrk wh ñi

ug" iajdñks" iajdñks hs lshk ish,af,dau

iaj¾. rdcHhg we;=¿ fkdjkafkda h' ta

ojfia § fndfyda fofkla" iajdñks"

iajdñks" wms Tfí kdufhka Èjeia jels

fkdlSfjuq o@ Tfí kdufhka

ÿIagd;auhka ÿre fkdflf<uq o@ Tfí

kdufhka fkdfhla m%n, l%shd

fkdflf<uq oehs ug lshkq we;' túg

uu zlsis l,l Tn fkdye|skafkñ'

ÿofkks" ud fj;ska wyla j hkakezhs

Tjqkag lshkafkñ'˜ ûf;õ 7(21-23&

cd;Skaf.a úksYaph ms<sn|j i|yka lr

we;af;a fufiah' —túg ish¨ cd;Syq Wka

jykafia wìuqfjys /ia lrkq ,nkafkda

h' tfåfrl= t¿jkaf.ka neg¿jka fjka

lrkakdla fuka Wka jykafia o Tjqka

fjka fldg neg¿jka ish ol=Kq

me;af;ys o t¿jka jï me;af;ys o

isgqjk fial' túg rcacqrejka jykafia

ish ol=Kq mfiys isákakkag l;d fldg"

zudf.a mshdKkaf.ka wdYS¾jdo ,oafoks"

tkak" f,dalh mgka .ekafï isg Tng

iQodkï lr ;sfnk rdcHh Wreu lr

.kak' ukao" uu id.sks j isáfhñ' Tn

ug lkak ÿkakyq h’ msmdid ù isáfhñ'

Tn ug fndkak ÿkakyq h' wd.ka;=lj

isáfhñ' Tn ud f.org ms<s.;a;yq h'

jia;% ke;=j isáfhñ' Tn ug jia;%

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n,d .;a;yq h’ ysrf.or isáfhñ Tn ud

n,kak wdjdyq h hs jodrk fial' tl,

±yeñhka W;a;r foñka ziajdñks" ljr

lf,l Tn jykafia id.sks j isáh § wms

Tng leu ÿksuq o@ msmdid ù isáh §

fndkak ÿksuq o@ ljr lf,l Tn

jykafia wd.ka;=lj isáh § Tn f.org

ms<s.;suq o@ fkdfyd;a jia;% ke;=j isáh

È we÷ï ÿksuq o@ ljr lf,l Tn

frda.d;=rj fyda ysrf.or isáh § Tn

n,kak wdfjuq ±hs lshkq we;' túg

rcacqrejka jykafia W;a;r foñka

zieneúkau uu Tng lshñ' udf.a fï

ifydaorhkaf.ka b;du iq¿ ;eke;a;dg

jqj o Tn tfia l<d kï th lf<a ug

heZhs jodrk fial' ûf;õ25( 32-40&

.e,ùu ish¨ ukqIHhskag ysñ nj Y=oaO

nhsn,fha ia:dk rdYshl i|yka lr we;'

—ish¨ ukqIHhkaf.a ñoSu;a Tjqka i;Hh

±k .ekSu;a foúhka jykafiaf.a

leue;a;h'˜ ^1 ;sfuda;s 2(4&

hym;a iudßhhd ms<sn| l:dkaorh ^Æla

10(25-37& u.ska iod;k cSú;h ysñlr

.kq i|yd l=ula l< hq;= o hk m%Yakh

iy wi,ajeishd ljfrlao hk m%Yakh

úuid n,d we;’ tys§ iod;k cSú;h ,nd

.ekSu i|yd —kqfò uq¿ yDofhka o kqfò

uq¿ wd;aufhka o kqfò uq¿ ù¾hfhka o

kqfò uq¿ nqoaêfhka o kqfò foú jQ

iñ|dKka jykafiag;a" kqU kqUg fm%au

lrkakdla fuka kqfò wi,ajeishdg;a

fm%au lrkak˜ ^Æla 10(27& hkqfjka

l%sia;=ka jykafia m%ldY l< fial'

iïm%odhdkql+, f,i zwi,ajeishdZ

hkafkka woyia lrk ,oafoa ish cd;shg

whs;s idudcslfhl= muKs' kuq;a fuu

Wmud l:dfõ § l%sia;=ka jykafia m%ldY

lr we;af;a widOdrKhlg ,la jk"

mSvdjg ,la jk" wirK jk" wfhl=g

Tyqf.a cd;sh" wd.u" l=,h fyda fjk;a

foa fkdúuid msysg ùu ienE

wi,ajeislu jk njh'

fojk j;sldkq uka;%k iNdfõ j¾;udk

f,dalfha YoaOjQ iNdj kï m%ldYkfha"

zukqIH fm!oa.,sl;ajh flfrys

f.!rjhZ ms<sn|j fufia i|yka lrhs'

—iEu ukqIHhdu lsisfjl= neyer

fkdfldg iudcfha iEu wi,ajeishd u

;udf.a m%;s mqoa.,fhl= fldg ie<lsh

hq;=hs' m%Odk jYfhka Tyqf.a cSú;h .ek

o ta cSú;h f.!rj iys;j .; lsÍug

wjYH jk Wml%uhka .eko i,ld

ne,sh hq;=hs'˜

tu m%ldYkfhys zi;=rka fj; f.!rjh

yd fm%auhZ hk wkq isria;,h hgf;a

fufia olajd we;' —iudchSh jQ;a

foaYmd,kuh jQ yd wd.ñl jQ;a

lreKqj, § wmf.a l,amkd wkqj

l,amkd fkdlrkakd jQ o wm l%shd lrk

wdldrfhka l%shd fkdlrkakd jQ o wh

flfrys mjd wmf.a f.!rjh yd fm%auh

me;sr hd hq;=hs' Tjqka is;k wdldrh

lreKdfjka yd fm%aufhka f;areï .kak

m%udKhg wm úiska Tjqka iu. ixjdohg

we;=¿ ùu myiq fjhs' fï fm%auh yd

fyd| ys; fya;=fldgf.k i;Hh yd

hym; hgm;a lsÍula wmf.a wfmka

n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjkq ,efí' ish¿

ukqIHhkg .e<ùuodhl i;Hh m%ldY

lsÍug l%sia;=ka jykafiaf.a wkq.dñlfhda

fm%aufhka fmd<Ukq ,nhs' tfy;a jerÈ

foa yd jerÈ foa lrk ukqIHhd

fjkafldg meyeÈ<s f,i ±k .; hq;=hs'

jerÈ foa ks;r m%;slafIam l< hq;=hs'

tfy;a jerÈ foa lrk ukqIHhdf.a

fm!oa.,sl;ajh wd.ñl foaj,a .ek Tyq

orK jerÈ u;j,ska jqjo ke;sù fkdhhs'

foúhka jykafia muKla yDohka

úksYaph lrk fial' yDohka mÍlaId lr

n,k fial' tfyhska hful=f.a

wNHka;rfhys we;s jrola .ek

úksYaphla lsÍug Wkajykafia wmg

;ykï lrk fial'˜

uE;l§ j;auka m%ekaisia mdmajykafia

úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o ksfõokhlska

lshejqfka wfoajjd§ka jqjo .e<ùu ,eìh

yels njhs' tys § t;=ud udla ;=udf.a

iqúfYaIfhka o Wmqgd olajñka tu u;h

ikd: lr we;'

wd.ï j,ska b.ekafjk foa fufia jqjo

fï iEu wd.ul Ndú;h ;=< j¾;udkfha

§ uQ,O¾ujd§ ,laIK u;= fjñka mj;S'

ta w;r m%Odk ,laIK jkafka

1' ;u wd.u muKla tlu ksjerÈu

i;H wd.u nj' tlu ksjerÈ cSjk

ud¾.h th nj'

2' wd.fï kdufhka ysxidldÍ f,i jqj

l%shd lsÍug ;ukag whs;shla we;s nj'

3' ;uka úfYaI f;dard .kq ,enQ fyda

jrm%ido ysñúh hq;= msßila nj'

4' ;ukag iaj¾Kuh w;S;hla mej;s nj'

5' kùk;ajhg tfrys nj'

6' uQ,O¾ujdoh yd cd;sljdoh

fndfydaúg tlaj mj;S'

fuu uQ,O¾ujd§ iajNdjhka iudc"

cd;sl" wd.ñl ixys|shdjlg ndOdldÍ

f,i l%shd;aul jkq ±lsh yelsh'

fï ;;a;ajh ;=< ienE f,i wd.ñl

yrhka iu. ne÷Kq ck;djf.a j.lSu

l=ula o@ ish wd.ñl yrhka úkdY lrk

uQ,O¾ujd§ m%jk;djkag tfrys fjñka

ienE wd.ñl jákdlï u;=lrñka cd;sl

wd.ñl iyfhda.s;dj j¾Okh lsÍug

lghq;= lsÍu fkdfõ o@ Tfí ksy~;dj

uQ,O¾ujdohg Èß §uls' úúO fõYfhka

tk uQ,O¾ujdohg tfrysj Tfí y~

ke.Su ienE wd.ñl jákdlï fjkqfjka

fmkS isàula fõ' th hym;a f,djla

f.dv ke.Sug Tn ,nd fok uyÕ=

odhl;ajhla jkq we;'

uQ,dY%

iduhg nqÿ u. - .dñKS l=udrisxy

Muntakhab Ahadith – Hazrat Maulana Muhammad, Yousuf Kandhlavi & Saad Kandhlavi

Hinduism web sitesNostra aetatae – web siteY=oaOjQ nhsn,h

fojk j;sldkq uka;%k iNdfõ j¾;udk

f,dalfha Y=oaOjQ iNdj kï úYaj

m%ldYkh

Pope Francis on atheist - web site

, kS;s{ úkaikaÜ nq,;aisxy,ckdjfndaO flakaøh

2013 cQ,s - wf.daia;=60

f,dalh wms fnouq'''æuyoaùmj,g lE,s lruq'''''rgj,a j,g lS;= lruq'''.ïudk j,g fjka lruq''''cd;Skaj,g mßj¾:kh lruq'''ixialD;Skaj,g fldgia lruq'''NdId j,g fjkia lruq''''l=, j,g iïu; lruq'''mlaI j,g mdg lruq''''wd.ï j,g yrjd .ksuq'

wms ±ka fjkia æ.y.ksuqnek.ksuqYdm lr.ksuqwek fldgd .ksuq'''urd.ksuq'''

wms muKhs Wiia æ

, ;s<sK w,yfldaka

wms muKhs Wiia æ

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