Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 1
Final supply and use tables, 1999
An input-output framework
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 2
PREFACE
This report contains the final supply and use tables (SU-tables) for 1999, estimated according to the recommendations of the 1993 System of National Accounts (1993 SNA) which Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) has been implementing since 1995. They are closely linked to the estimates for the gross domestic product (GDP) (Statistical Release P0441) published on 27 November 2001.
The SU-tables, often regarded as the cornerstone of the 1993 SNA, have both statistical and analytical functions. As a statistical tool they serve as a co-ordinating framework for economic statistics, both conceptually for ensuring the consistency of the definitions and classifications used, and as an accounting framework for ensuring the numerical consistency of data obtained from different sources (i.e. industrial surveys, household surveys, investment surveys, foreign trade statistics).
As an analytical tool, the tables serve as a basis for calculating the economic data contained in the national accounts, and for detecting weaknesses in the economic data. Moreover, they are convenientl y integrated into macro-economic models in order to analyse the link between final demand and industrial output levels.
The SU-tables also have many other uses. These include the extension of the tables to -
• symmetric input-output tables, i.e. tables focusing on the inter-relationships between industries in an economy with respect to the production and uses of its products and the products imported from abroad;
• social accounting matrices, i.e. matrices elaborating on the linkages between SU-tables and institutional sector accounts; and
• satellite accounts, i.e. accounts linking the 1993 SNA with specific fields of enquiry.
Stats SA will publish the final tables for the 2000 reference year during the first half of 2003.
pp
P J Lehohla Statistician-General
Pretoria May 2002
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 3
CONTENTS
Interpretative summary..........................................................................................................1
Methodological notes ..............................................................................................................9
Tables ................................................................................................................................25
Table 1 Condensed supply of products at basic prices: 1999 - R million ...........................28 Table 2 Condensed use of products at purchasers’ prices: 1999 - R million.......................29 Table 3 Supply of products at basic prices: 1999 - R million ............................................30 Table 4 Use of products at purchases’ prices: 1999 - R million.........................................68 Additional information
Explanatory notes..............................................................................................107
Annexure 1 - Description of products used in the supply table...........................110
Annexure 2 - Description of products used in the use table................................118
Annexure 3 - Link between the products used in the supply table (SP) and
the products used in the use table (UP).........................................123
Annexure 4 - Description of industries used in the SU-tables.............................127
Annexure 5 - Key between industry descriptions and SIC - groups.....................132
Annexure 6 - Description of adjustment items, components of value added
and final demand .........................................................................136
Annexure 7 - Statistical sources and methods.....................................................137
Glossary............................................................................................................141
For more information ........................................................................................146
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 4
INTERPRETATIVE SUMMARY
Background Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) implemented the 1993 System of National Accounts (1993 SNA) in conjunction with rebasing and benchmarking gross domestic product (GDP) estimates. The results were published in “Statistical Release P0441 – Gross Domestic Product, Revised estimates 1993-1998 and First quarter 1999, 21 June 1999”.
The 1993 SNA requires countries to compile supply and use tables (SU-tables) as it forms an integral part of the 1993 SNA. According to the 1993 SNA, the annual estimates of gross value added and its components, as well as output, intermediate consumption expenditure, final consumption expenditure and GDP should all have their origin in annual SU-tables. This is because these tables have been developed to check the accuracy and consistency of the economic data contained in the national accounts.
The SU-tables are intended to include all the transactions in goods and services in an economy for a specific year, e.g. 1999, in a matrix format. They allow for close examination of the consistency of the national accounts by linking and integrating the various components within a single framework.
As an extension of the implementation of the 1993 SNA, Stats SA compiled the first official SU-tables for South Africa for the 1993-reference year according to the recommendations of the 1993 SNA and published it in December 1999. At that stage Stats SA announced that it will be compiling SU-tables annually as from the 1998 reference year to ensure an extended time-series of SU-tables is built in the future which will assist in analysing and evaluating the performance of the economy over time.
Stats SA has now compiled the SU-tables for the 1999 reference year. Therefore, this publication “Final supply and use tables, 1999 – An input-output framework”, is the third official SU-tables published by Stats SA. The next publication in the series of SU-tables will be a final set of tables for 2000.
Integration with national accounts
While it was possible to completely reconcile the 1999 SU-tables with the national accounts estimates of gross domestic product (GDP) by activity and the expenditure on GDP (implying that the discrepancy (residual) between GDP calculated using the production approach as published by Stats SA and GDP calculated using the expenditure approach as published by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) corresponds with the total discrepancy in the SU-tables), there are sti ll discrepancies between the supply and use of products at a more detailed level. Publishing these discrepancies in respect of products is specifically aimed at revealing the shortcomings in various data sources in order to investigate and rectify them.
Interpretation The SU-tables serve as a co-ordinating framework to ensure the numerical consistency and accuracy of data obtained from di fferent sources (i.e. industrial surveys, households surveys, investment surveys, foreign trade statistics). The SU-tables are also important in analysing and evaluating the performance of an economy over time.
However, as this latter function is dependent on the availability of an extended time-series of SU-tables (which does not yet exist), the analysis is limited to a
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 5
brief comparison of some of the more important findings regarding 1993, 1998 and 1999.
Components of gross value added by industry
Gross value added at basic prices is defined as output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices. Table A (p. 2) shows the components of gross value added at basic prices by industry for 1993, 1998 and 1999. An analysis of the percentage contribution of the components of gross value added to total gross value added at basic prices for different industries shows that in certain industries the compensation of employees is the largest contributor to the total gross value added by the specific industry. In other industries, the operating surplus is the largest contributor to the total gross value added by the speci fic industry.
Table A - Percentage contr ibution of components of gross value added to total gross value added at basic pr ices according to industry: 1993, 1998 and 1999
Industry
Year Compensation of employees
Gross operating
surplus/M ixed income
Taxes less subsidies
on production
Total gross value added
1993 31,1 74,4 -5,5 100,0 1998 32,4 69,0 -1,4 100,0
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and f ishing
1999
33,5 67,4 -0,9 100,0
1993 52,7 46,4 0,9 100,0 1998 52,1 46,3 1,6 100,0
Mining and quarrying
1999
49,3 49,0 1,7 100,0
1993 55,8 44,6 -0,4 100,0 1998 54,8 45,0 0,2 100,0
Manufacturing
1999
54,8 44,3 0,9 100,0
1993 28,0 70,7 1,3 100,0 1998 33,0 66,0 1,0 100,0
Electricity, gas and water supply
1999
36,4 62,9 0,7 100,0
1993 77,7 21,2 1,1 100,0 1998 63,2 35,9 0,9 100,0
Construction
1999
61,7 37,1 1,2 100,0
1993 51,7 45,8 2,5 100,0 1998 50,6 46,9 2,5 100,0
Wholesale-, retail- and motor trade, hotels and restaurants
1999
51,1 45,5 3,4 100,0
1993 52,4 46,8 0,8 100,0 1998 48,3 51,3 0,4 100,0
Transport, storage and communication
1999
44,9 54,2 0,9 100,0
1993 33,5 61,1 5,4 100,0 1998 34,0 61,0 5,0 100,0
Finance, real estate and business services
1999
33,1 60,8 6,1 100,0
1993 84,6 14,2 1,2 100,0 1998 85,4 13,8 0,8 100,0
Community, social and personal services
1999 83,9 15,0 1,1 100,0
In 1999, the compensation of employees accounted for 83,9% of the total gross value added in the community, social and personal services industry (compared with the 84,6% in 1993 and 85,4% in 1998) and 61,7% of the total gross value
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 6
added in the construction industry (compared with the 77,7% in 1993 and 63,2% in 1998). However, the operating surplus accounted for 67,4% in 1999 of the total gross value added in the agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing industry (compared with the 74,4% in 1993 and 69,0% in 1998) and 62,9% of the total gross value added in the electricity, gas and water industries (compared with the 70,7% in 1993 and 66,0% in 1998) (cf. table A, p. 2).
The percentage contribution of taxes less subsidies on production is negligible in all cases. The agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing industry is the only industry where subsidies on production exceeded taxes on production.
Output of industr ies according to type of input
Output consists of those goods or services that are produced within an establishment that become available for use outside the establishment, plus any goods and services produced for own final use.
Table B (p. 3) reflects a breakdown of the output of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries according to type of input in 1993, 1998 and 1999. It is interesting to note that in the case of the primary and tertiary industries, gross value added constituted more than 50% of the output in these years, while in the secondary industry gross value added constituted just over 30% of its output. Furthermore, it is evident that the secondary industry is the largest user of secondary products, which serve as intermediate inputs.
Table B – Output of industr ies according to type of input: 1993, 1998 and 1999
Input
Year
Output of Pr imary industry
Output of Secondary industry
Output of Ter t iary industry
R million % contr ibution
R million % contr ibution
R million % contr ibution
Primary product 1993 1998 1999
1 699 2 683 2 955
2,1 2,1 2,2
37 810 63 103 67 430
11,6 11,9 12,0
997 1 450 1 449
0,3 0,2 0,2
Secondary product 1993 1998 1999
19 861 35 034 37 427
24,8 27,6 27,4
130 414 220 873 233 529
40,0 41,7 41,7
59 020 101 485 107 714
15,6 14,9 14,3
Tertiary product 1993 1998 1999
12 353 21 449 23 142
15,4 16,9 17,0
49 257 74 394 79 593
15,0 14,1 14,2
81 396 149 245 167 326
21,6 21,8 22,2
Gross value added 1993 1998 1999
46 335 67 897 72 879
57,7 53,4 53,4
108 889 170 703 180 081
33,4 32,3 32,1
235 616 431 781 477 627
62,5 63,1 63,3
Total 1993 1998 1999
80 248 127 063 136 403
100,0 100,0 100,0
326 370 529 073 560 634
100,0 100,0 100,0
377 029 683 961 754 116
100,0 100,0 100,0
Final demand
Different components of final demand are distinguished in the SU-tables. The supply table shows import and the use table shows final consumption expenditure by households and the general government as well as gross capital formation (gross fixed capital formation and changes in inventories) and export.
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Figure 1 (p. 4) and figure 2 (p. 4) reflects the composition of final demand in 1998 and 1999. Although the detailed SU-tables (cf. table 3, p. 30 and table 4, p. 68) distinguish between import and export, as well as gross fixed capital formation and changes in inventories, they have been combined in this comparison. Final demand consists of household consumption expenditure (63% in both 1993 and 1998), government consumption expenditure (20% in 1998 compared to 18% in 1999), gross capital formation (16% in both 1998 and 1999) and net export (1% in 1998 compared to 3% in 1999).
Figure 1 - Composition of final demand: 1998
Household consumption expenditure
63%
Government consumption expenditure
20%
Gross capital formation16%
Export less Import1%
Source: Stats SA Figure 2 - Composition of final demand: 1999
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 8
Household consumption expenditure
63%
Government consumption expenditure
18%
Gross capital formation16%
Export less Import3%
Source: Stats SA
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 9
The supply of products at basic prices
Basic prices are the preferred method of valuing output in the 1993 SNA. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any tax payable plus any subsidy receivable on that unit as a consequence of its production or sale. Basic prices exclude any transport charges invoiced separately by the producer.
The total supply of products (e.g. agriculture-, hunting-, forestry- and fishing products) at basic prices can be divided according to its origin, i.e. whether the products are domesticall y produced or imported.
Table C – Supply of products at basic pr ices according to or igin: 1993, 1998 and 1999
Domestic produced goods Impor ts Type of product
Year R million %
contr ibution R million %
contr ibution 1993 28 402 3,6 2 038 2,7 1998 46 066 3,4 3 329 1,8
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and f ishing
1999
48 839 3,4 3 184 1,7
1993 49 548 6,3 6 226 8,2 1998 77 531 5,8 13 307 7,3
Mining and quarrying
1999
83 793 5,8 12 726 6,9
1993 248 141 31,7 53 744 70,7 1998 401 497 30,0 139 587 76,9
Manufacturing
1999
424 229 29,2 133 495 72,5
1993 21 179 2,7 4 0,0 1998 33 411 2,5 11 0,0
Electricity, gas and water supply
1999
36 589 2,5 16 0,0
1993 42 959 5,5 165 0,2 1998 71 098 5,3 431 0,2
Construction
1999
75 076 5,2 630 0,3
1993 97 998 12,5 1 790 2,4 1998 156 671 11,7 2 633 1,5
Wholesale-, retail- and motor trade, hotels and restaurants
1999
167 211 11,5 3 848 2,1
1993 57 237 7,3 4 556 6,0 1998 110 384 8,2 13 994 7,7
Transport, storage and communication
1999
123 747 8,5 20 451 11,1
1993 99 302 12,7 1 348 1,8 1998 200 605 15,0 3 497 1,9
Finance, real estate and business services
1999
229 710 15,8 5 109 2,8
1993 138 882 17,7 530 0,7 1998 242 833 18,1 1 286 0,7
Community, social and personal services
1999
261 960 18,1 1 880 1,0
1993 - - - - 1998 - - -8 974 -4,9
C.i.f / f.o.b adjustment
1999
- - -11 832 -6,4
1993 - - 5 516 7,3 1998 - - 12 532 6,9
Purchases by residents
1999 - - 14 526 7,9 1993 783 648 100,0 75 917 100,0 1998 1 340 096 100,0 181 633 100,0
Total supply of products
1999 1 451 153 100,0 184 032 100,0
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 10
Table C (p. 5) shows to what extent South Africa’s total supply of products were dependent on domestically produced goods and imports in 1993, 1998 and 1999 in meeting domestic demand.
The most important domestically produced goods for 1993, 1998 and 1999 were manufactured goods which accounted for R248 141 million (31,7%) in 1993, R401 497 mill ion (30,0%) in 1998 and R424 229 mill ion (29,2%) in 1999; followed by community, social and personal services which accounted for R138 882 mill ion (17,7%) in 1993, R242 833 million (18,1%) in 1998 and R261 960 million (18,1%) in 1999; and finance, real estate and business services of R99 302 million (12,7%) in 1993, R200 605 million (15,0%) in 1998 and R229 710 million (15,8%) in 1999. Imported goods in 1999 were predominantly manufactured goods with 72,5% (compared with 70,7% in 1993 and 76,9% in 1998); followed by transport, storage and communication services with 11,1% (compared with 6,0% in 1993 and 7,7% in 1998); and mining and quarrying products with 6,9% (compared with 8,2% in 1993 and 7,3% in 1998) (cf. table C, p. 5).
Use of products at purchasers’ pr ices
The 1993 SNA recommends that intermediate and final consumption expenditure are valued at purchasers’ prices. The purchaser’s price is the amount paid by the purchaser, excluding any deductible value added tax (VAT) or similar deductible tax, in order to take delivery of a unit of a good or service at the time and place required by the purchaser. The purchaser’s price of a good includes any transport charges paid separately by the purchaser to take delivery at the required time and place.
Table D (p. 7) shows the uses of products at purchasers’ prices according to destination for 1993, 1998 and 1999, namely, intermediate consumption expenditure and final consumption expenditure, including exports. In comparing total final consumption expenditure for 1999 with 1993 and 1998, it is evident that expenditure on (use of) certain products increased –
• finance, real estate and business services (11,2% in 1999 compared with the 7,5% in 1993 and 9,6% in 1998);
• community, social and personal services (22,2% in 1999 compared with the 20,7% in 1993 and 22,1% in 1998);
• wholesale-, retail- and motor trade, hotels and restaurants (2,9% in 1999 compared with the 2,4% in 1993 and 2,7% in 1998); and
• transport, storage and communication services (5,2% in 1999 compared with the 4,6% in 1993 and 4,7% in 1998).
If total intermediate consumption expenditure for 1999 is compared with total intermediate consumption expenditure for 1993 and 1998, increases were recorded for the following products –
• finance, real estate and business services (18,2% in 1999 compared with the 16,7% in 1993 and 18,0% in 1998);
• transport, storage and communication services (9,5% in 1999 compared with the 7,5% in 1993 and 8,8% in 1998);
• construction (3,5% in 1999 compared with the 2,9% in 1993 and 3,3% in 1998);
• wholesale- retail- and motor trade, hotels and restaurants (2,9% in 1999 compared with the 2,7% in 1993 and 2,9% in 1998);
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 11
• mining and quarrying (4,5% in 1999 compared with the 4,3% in 1993 and 4,4% in 1998); and
• electricity, gas and water supply (4,0% in 1999 compared with the 3,8% in 1993 and 3,9% in 1998).
Table D – Use of products at purchasers’ pr ices according to destination: 1993, 1998 and 1999
Total final consumption expenditure1/
Total intermediate consumption expenditure
Type of product
Year
R million % contr ibution
R million % contr ibution
1993 10 378 2,1 23 688 6,0 1998 16 793 1,8 38 066 5,7
Agriculture, hunting, forestry and f ishing
1999
18 017 1,8 39 617 5,5
1993 43 152 8,6 16 817 4,3 1998 64 372 7,0 29 170 4,4
Mining and quarrying
1999
67 181 6,8 32 217 4,5
1993 226 977 45,2 182 745 46,6 1998 403 536 44,0 309 491 46,1
Manufacturing
1999
415 532 42,1 324 741 45,1
1993 6 469 1,3 15 075 3,8 1998 8 357 0,9 25 868 3,9
Electricity, gas and water supply
1999
9 233 0,9 28 431 4,0
1993 33 116 6,6 11 476 2,9 1998 52 473 5,7 22 033 3,3
Construction
1999
53 034 5,4 25 498 3,5
1993 11 832 2,4 10 751 2,7 1998 24 945 2,7 19 670 2,9
Wholesale-, retail- and motor trade, hotels and restaurants
1999
28 860 2,9 21 079 2,9
1993 22 920 4,6 29 305 7,5 1998 43 332 4,7 58 987 8,8
Transport, storage and communication
1999
51 290 5,2 68 739 9,5
1993 37 587 7,5 65 663 16,7 1998 88 029 9,6 120 499 18,0
Finance, real estate and business services
1999
110 539 11,2 131 031 18,2
1993 104 102 20,7 37 286 9,5 1998 202 349 22,1 45 931 6,9
Community, social and personal services
1999
218 663 22,2 49 212 6,8
1993 5 516 1,1 - - 1998 12 532 1,4 - -
Direct purchases abroad by residents
1999 14 526 1,5 - - 1993 502 049 100,0 392 806 100,0 1998 916 718 100,0 669 715 100,0
Total supply of product
1999 986 874 100,0 720 566 100,0 1/ Total final consumption expenditure = Households consumption expenditure + General government consumption expenditure + Fixed capital formation + Changes in inventories + Exports
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 12
METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
Background to the 1993 SNA and SU-tables
Statistics South Africa implemented the 1993 System of National Accounts (1993 SNA) in conjunction with rebasing and benchmarking gross domestic product (GDP) estimates. The results were published in “Statistical Release P0441 - Gross Domestic Product, Revised estimates 1993-1998 and First quarter 1999, 21 June 1999”. The publication “Final supply and use tables, 1999 – An input-output framework” , is an extension of the implementation of the 1993 SNA. These are the third official supply and use tables (SU-tables) published by Statistics South Africa. The first official SU-tables for the 1993 reference year were published in 1999 and the second official SU-tables for the 1998 reference year were published in 2001. The SU-tables published in the above-mentioned reports have been compiled according to the recommendations of the 1993 SNA.
In future Stats SA will be publishing SU-tables annually to ensure an extended time-series of SU-tables, which will assist in analysing and evaluating the performance of the economy over time.
The 1993 SNA is the result of a decade-long, resource-intensive process that took place under the auspices of the Inter-Secretariat Working Group on National Accounts (ISWGNA). This group consists of the Statistical Office of the European Community (EUROSTAT), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Statistical Division (UNSTAT) and regional commissions of the United Nation’s Secretariat and the World Bank.
Apart from many new aspects, the 1993 SNA includes a consistent and integrated set of SU-tables which - among other features - provide a detailed analysis of the process of production, the use of goods and services (products) and the income generated in that production. In other words, its role in the 1993 SNA is primarily related to the production account and to the goods and services and generation of income accounts. This ensures that the information contained in the SU-tables and the other components of the national accounts, such as the GDP and the expenditure on the GDP, is reconciled.
As the role of SU-tables is primarily related to the goods and services (cf. table E, p. 10), production (cf. table F, p. 11) and generation of income (cf. table G, p. 11) accounts, these accounts are briefly discussed before attention is given to the structure of the SU-tables.
Goods and services account
The goods and services account (cf. table E, p. 10) shows, for the total economy, how the total amount of product available (resources) is equal to the total amount used. Resources are shown on the left-hand side and uses are shown on the right-hand side of the goods and services account.
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Table E - Goods and services account: 1999
Resources R million Uses R million
Output 1 451 153 Intermediate consumption 720 566
Taxes on products 76 661 Final consumption expenditure 653 540
Subsidies on products (4 406) Private consumption expenditure 505 698
Impor ts of goods and services
184 032
Government consumption expenditure
147 842
Gross capital formation 127 959
Gross fixed capital formation 124 203
Changes in inventories 3 756
Expor ts of goods and services 205 883
Residual item (508)
Total resources 1 707 440 Total uses 1 707 440
Sources: South African Reserve Bank - Quarterly Bulletin, December 2001 Stats SA: Statistical Release P0441 Gross Domestic Product – Annual estimates 1993 – 2000, Third quarter 2001, 27 November 2001
Production account The production account (cf. table F, p. 11) emphasises the concept of GDP or value added as one of the main balancing items in the 1993 SNA. The 1993 SNA recommends the calculation of GDP for the entire economy and the calculation of value added for the various industries. The GDP is essentially a production measure as it is obtained through the sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units, in their capacities as producers, plus the values of any taxes, less subsidies, on production or imports not already included in the values of the outputs and values added by resident producers.
Value added measures the value created by production and may be calculated either before (gross) or after (net) deducting the consumption of fixed capital on the fixed assets used. Gross value added is defined as the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption. Gross/Net value added is the balancing item in the production account for an institutional unit, sector, establishment or industry, while gross/net domestic product is the balancing item in the production accounts for the total economy.
It is important to note that value added does not cover all transactions linked to the production process, but only to the result of production, i.e. output and the uti lisation of goods and services when producing this output, i.e. intermediate consumption. In other words it includes output as a resource (see right-hand side of the production account) and intermediate consumption as a use (see left-hand side of production account). As the consumption of fixed capital is not shown separately, the resulting balancing item is gross domestic product.
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Table F - Production account: 1999
Uses R million Resources R million
Intermediate consumption 720 566 Output 1 451 153
Taxes on products 76 661
Subsidies on products (4 406)
Gross domestic product 802 842
Source: Stats SA: Statistical Release P0441 Gross Domestic Product - Annual estimates 1993 – 2000, Third quarter 2001, 27 November 2001
Generation of income account
The generation of income account (cf. table G, p. 11) records distributive transactions resulting from the production process. Distributive transactions consist of transactions by which the value added generated by production is distributed to labour, capital and government; and transactions involving the redistribution of income and wealth (taxes on income and other transfers).
Thus, the resources include gross domestic product and the uses refer to compensation of employees as well as taxes less subsidies on production and imports. The balancing item is gross operating surplus/mixed income. The mixed income refers to the balancing item in the generation of income account for the household sector. The reason is that the surplus generated by un-incorporated household enterprises includes both remuneration for the labour of the owner as well as a return to the entrepreneurship and capital employed.
Table G - Generation of income account: 1999
Uses R million Resources R million
Compensation of employees 397 125 Gross domestic product 802 842
Taxes on production and impor ts
95 549
Taxes on products 76 661
Other taxes on production 18 888
Subsidies (6 552)
Subsidies on products (4 406)
Other subsidies on production
(2 146)
Gross operating surplus/mixed income
316 720
Source: Stats SA: Statistical Release P0441 Gross Domestic Product - Annual estimates 1993 – 2000, Third quarter 2001, 27 November 2001
Concepts and definitions applicable to SU-tables
The 1993 SNA clarifies, inter alia, the concepts and definitions used for the valuation of output of goods and services, intermediate consumption, and value added. The concepts and definitions applicable to the SU-tables are briefl y discussed below.
Output of goods and services
Output consists only of those goods and services that are produced within an establishment and that become available for use outside that establishment and for own final use in that establishment. Output may be valued in various ways. The 1993 SNA prescribes three ways in which output of goods and services
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 15
may be measured, namely at basic prices, producers’ prices or purchasers’ prices.
• The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any tax payable (e.g. excise duties and value added tax (VAT)) plus any subsidy receivable on that unit as a consequence of its production or sale. Basic prices exclude any transport charges invoiced separately by the producer.
• Producers’ price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any VAT, or similar deductible tax, invoiced to the purchaser. It excludes any transport charges invoiced separately by the producer.
• Purchasers’ price is the amount paid by the purchaser, excluding any deductible VAT or similar deductible tax, in order to take delivery of a unit of a good or service at the time and place required by the purchaser. The purchaser’s price of a good includes any transport charges paid separately by the purchaser to take delivery at the required time and place.
The relationship between the above-mentioned concepts can be expressed as follows:
Output at basic prices
plus taxes on products (excluding VAT)
less subsidies on products
= Output at producers’ prices
plus trade and transport margins
plus non-deductible VAT
= Output at purchasers’ prices
Basic prices are the preferred method of valuing output of goods and services produced for the market, especially when a system of VAT is in operation.
Intermediate consumption
With regard to the valuation of intermediate consumption, i.e. expenditure by enterprises on goods and services consumed as inputs in the production process, the 1993 SNA recommends that it should be valued at purchasers’ price. Intermediate inputs purchased and/or transferred from other establishments belonging to the same enterprise, should be valued at the same prices as used to value them as outputs of those establishments, plus any additional transport charges not included in the output values.
Gross value added
The 1993 SNA recommends that gross value added by the various industries be valued at basic prices, both at current and constant prices. It is important to note that gross value added at basic prices excludes any taxes payable on products and includes any subsidies receivable on products. As the basic price measures the amount retained by the producer it is, therefore, the price most relevant for the producer’s decision-taking. Gross value added at basic prices is also the measure preferred and adopted by Stats SA.
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Previously South Africa’s national accounts measured value added at factor cost. This is no longer the case. In this regard it should be noted that although the 1993 SNA acknowledges that gross value added at factor cost can still be computed, it does, however, not recommend it as a measure of value added due to the non-existence of observable prices such that output minus intermediate consumption equals gross value added. Factor cost is a concept of income rather than production. The expression “at factor cost” means that value added is valued at the cost of factors of production (e.g. capital, labour, land and entrepreneurship). Production or output valued at factor cost excludes taxes on production and imports (e.g. VAT, excise duties, business licenses and registration fees) but includes other subsidies on production.
In order to derive the GDP at market prices, taxes less subsidies on products must be added to total gross value added at basic prices. It should be noted that GDP at market prices is a measure, which is only applicable to the total economy.
Revision of the classification and terminology of taxes
In accordance with the 1993 SNA recommendation, South Africa has adopted the revised classification and terminology of taxes. The 1968 SNA term “indirect taxes” has been replaced by the term “taxes on production and imports” and the 1968 SNA term “direct taxes” has been changed to “current taxes on income and wealth” . Furthermore, the distinction between “commodity taxes” and “other indirect taxes and imports” has been replaced by the terms “taxes on products” and “other taxes on production” .
Taxes on production and imports include taxes on products and other taxes on production. Taxes on products consist of taxes payable on goods and services when they are produced, delivered, sold or otherwise disposed of by their producers. Furthermore, they are payable per unit of a good or service produced. Important examples of taxes on products are excise and import duties and VAT. Other taxes on production consist of taxes on the ownership of land, buildings or other assets used in production or on labour employed, etc. Important examples of other taxes on production are taxes on payroll or work force, business or professional l icenses, etc.
Current taxes on income and wealth cover all compulsory payments levied by government on the income and wealth of institutional units. These taxes include taxes on individual or household income, taxes on the income or profits of corporations, etc.
Financial Services Indirectly Measured (FSIM)
Banks and other financial institutions provide a variety of services. Those that are specifically charged for include currency exchange, handling of cheques, etc., and the corresponding revenues form part of the institutions’ output. An additional, and very signi ficant part of their income comes from charging higher interest rates to borrowers and paying lower interest rates to depositors than they would need to if they charged explicitly for all their services. This “hidden” charge (known as imputed bank service charge in the 1968 SNA) is called Financial Services Indirectly Measured (FSIM) in the 1993 SNA. The total value of FSIM is measured in the 1993 SNA as the total property income receivable by financial intermediaries minus their total interest payable,
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 17
excluding the value of any property income receivable from the investment of their own funds, as such, income does not arise from financial intermediation.
The total value of financial intermediation services was previously recorded separately as a negative item in the system of national accounts. According to the 1993 SNA, the total output should be allocated among the various recipient industries or users e.g. households of the services for which no explicit charges are made.
Trade margins
The output of wholesalers and retailers is measured by the value of the trade margins realised on the goods they sell i.e. the di fference between the sale value of products sold and the cost of purchasing these products. The reason for measuring the output of the wholesale and retail trade by the trade margins is because the productive activity associated with distribution is construed to be the provision of services for displaying the goods in an informative and attractive way. Included in the trade margins are estimates regarding the informal sector, i.e. goods sold by stalls, street hawkers and other itinerant merchants.
Transport margins
Transport margins constitute part of the output of transport of goods. Basically, there are two methods of treating transport margins in a SU-table.
When transport is arranged in such a way that the purchaser has to pay separately for the transport costs, in other words if the transport costs are billed separately, these costs is identified as transport margins. This implies that customers not only buy the goods, but also transport services from producers.
If the producer transports the goods, or arranges for them to be transported without extra cost to the purchaser, transportation will appear as intermediate consumption to the producer, and at the same time it wil l be included in the basic price.
The output of passenger transport is not part of transport margins.
Secondary and ancil liary production
Establishments often produce products that are not typical of the industries in which they are classi fied for statistical censuses or surveys. According to the standard industrial classi fication (SIC) used by Stats SA, the establishment is the statistical unit according to which all economic activities are classified. A business at a particular address is classified in its entirety according to its principal activity in a certain industry, and both principal and secondary products of that establishment then form part of the output of the particular industry. The major output of such a business, which determines its classification, is called its principal output, and its other outputs, typically produced by another industry, are called its secondary output.
From the above, it is clear that a secondary activity may be defined as an activity carried out within an establishment in addition to the principal activity and whose output, l ike that of the principal activity, must be suitable for delivery outside the establishment. In the supply table secondary products are
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 18
shown as off diagonal entries. The value added of a secondary activity must be less than that of the principal activity.
Ancillary products, in contrast to principal and secondary products, are not intended for use outside the establishment and are also not explicitly recognised and recorded separately in the SU-tables. They are merely supporting activities undertaken within the establishment for purposes of creating the necessary conditions within which the principal and secondary activities can take place.
The following kinds of activities are typical examples of ancillary products -
• keeping records or files;
• purchasing and storing of materials or equipment;
• cleaning and maintenance of buildings;
• provision of security; and
• reparation and servicing activities.
Gross capital formation
The 1993 SNA recommends that gross capital formation is measured by the total value of the gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables. Due to data constraints it was not possible to include any estimates for the acquisition less disposals of valuables in the 1993, 1998 or the 1999 SU-tables.
Data constraints also resulted in four further recommendations of the 1993 SNA relating to gross capital formation not being implemented. These are the treatment of expenditure on -
• mineral exploration;
• computer software;
• literary or artistic works; and
• cultivated assets.
An amendment that has been implemented in the 1993 SU-tables and used in the 1998 and 1999 SU-tables, is the treatment of expenditure by the defence force on fixed assets that could be used for production purposes by both military and civilian users. Expenditure on, inter alia, military hospitals and other military buildings were treated as gross fixed capital formation. The 1968 SNA recommended that only military expenditure on dwellings for personnel be treated as gross fixed capital formation.
Import data
Import data is adjusted for the difference between cost of insurance and freight (c.i.f.) and free on board (f.o.b.). The adjustment is necessitated by the 1993 SNA recommendation to value imported commodities at c.i.f. prices, but total imports at f.o.b. prices. The difference between the f.o.b. price and the c.i.f. price represents the costs of transportation and insurance between the frontier of the exporting country and the frontier of the importing country.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 19
Structure of SU-tables
The structure of the SU-tables is explained by means of an aggregated set of tables (cf. tables H and I, p. 18). In order to simplify references to these SU-tables, the columns of the supply table have been numbered SC and the rows of the supply table have been numbered SR, while the columns of the use table have been numbered UC and the rows of the use table have been numbered UR. The intersection of a row and a column is denoted by a colon separating the two applicable numbers e.g. SC1:SR1. Furthermore, the economy is divided into three industries, primary, secondary and tertiary, as shown in columns SC5 to SC7 and UC4 to UC6. The sum of these three industries is found in columns SC8 and UC7.
Supply table The supply table (cf. table H, p. 18) shows the origin of the resources of goods and services, depicting products in rows (SR) and industries in columns (SC). In the rows, the various types of products are presented according to a product classification (cf. table J, p. 110). An additional row is added for the adjustment of direct purchases by South African residents abroad. In the columns, information on the output of each industry according to an industrial classification (cf. table M, p. 127, and table N, p. 132), imports, taxes less subsidies on products and trade and transport margins are shown. Furthermore, in the supply table, goods and services produced in the economy are measured at basic prices. Basic price is the preferred method of valuing output in the 1993 SNA. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any tax payable plus any subsidy receivable on that unit as a consequence of its production or sale. Basic prices exclude any transport charges invoiced separately by the producer. The c.i.f./f.o.b. adjustment to import data is shown in column SC10 and row SR4.
Use table The use table (cf. table I, p. 18) shows the uses of goods and services and supplies information on the cost structures of the various industries. In the rows, the various types of products are presented according to a product classification (cf. table K, p. 118, and table L, p. 123). Additional rows are added for the adjustment of direct purchases by South African residents abroad and direct purchases in the domestic market by non South Africans residents. The table is divided into three different sections, each with its own characteristics.
The first section shows the goods and services used as intermediate consumption at purchasers’ prices by industry in columns (UC4-UC6)) and by product in rows (UR1-UR5). The total row (UR6) shows intermediate consumption by industries at purchasers’ prices.
The second section shows the components of final demand (column UC9), namely, exports, households consumption expenditure, general government consumption expenditure, fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and the residual item at purchasers prices.
The third section elaborates on the production costs of producers other than intermediate consumption expenditure (columns UC2-UC7 and row UR7) namely, compensation of employees, taxes less subsidies on production and imports, consumption of fixed capital and net operating surplus/mixed income.
The purchaser’s price is the amount paid by the purchaser, excluding any deductible VAT or similar deductible tax, in order to take delivery of a unit of a good or service at the time and place required by the purchaser. The
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 20
purchaser’s price of a good includes any transport charges paid separately by the purchaser to take delivery at the required time and place.
Uses of SU-tables The SU-tables, often regarded as the cornerstone of the 1993 SNA, have both statistical and analytical functions.
As a statistical tool they provide a co-ordinating framework for checking the consistency of economic statistics on flows of goods and services obtained from quite di fferent kinds of statistical sources, i.e. industrial surveys, household surveys, investment surveys, foreign trade statistics. Furthermore, the SU-tables serve as a basis for calculating the economic data contained in the national accounts and to detect weaknesses in the economic data.
As an analytical tool, the tables are conveniently integrated into macroeconomic models in order to analyse the link and interaction between final demand and industrial output levels. This type of analysis, which is also known as impact analysis, enables users at universities and research institutions to use the tables for sophisticated analysis, including market and productivity analysis.
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Table H - Framework of the supply of products at basic pr ices: 1999 (R million)
Column no.
SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 SC6 SC7 SC8 SC9 SC10
(SC2+SC3+ SC4)
(SC8+ SC9+ SC10)
Output of industries
(SC5+ SC6+ SC7)
Row no.
Supply of products
Total supply at
pur chaser s’ pr ices
Taxes less subsidies
on products
Tr ade and transport mar gins
Total supply at basic pr ices
Pr imary industry
Secondary industr y
Ter tiary industry
Total industry
I mpor ts c.i .f ./ f.o.b. adjust-ment on imports
SR1 Primary pr oducts
157 033 841 7 650 148 542 132 516 116 132 632 15 910
SR2 Secondary pr oducts
856 469 56 836 129 599 670 034 3 641 532 253 535 894 134 140
SR3 Ter tiary pr oducts
679 412 14 578 (137 249) 802 083 246 28 265 754 116 782 627 31 288 (11 832)
SR4 c.i .f ./f.o.b. adj ust-ment on imports
–
– (11 832) 11 832
SR5 Dir ect pur chases r esidents
14 526 14 526 14 526
SR6 Total output at basic pr ices
1 707 440 72 255 – 1 635 185 136 403 560 634 754 116 1 451 153 184 032 –
Table I - Framework of the use of products at purchasers’ prices: 1999 (R million)
Column no. UC1 UC2 UC3 UC4 UC5 UC6 UC7 UC8 UC9
(UC7+UC9) Intermediate consumption by industries
(UC4+ UC5+ UC6)
(UC2+ UC3+ UC7)
Row no.
Supply of pr oducts Total supply at
purchasers’ pr ices
Taxes on pr oducts
Subsidies on
products
Primar y industry
Secondary industr y
Ter t iar y industr y
Total industr y
Total economy
Compo-nents of
final demand
UR1 Primary products 157 033 2 956 67 430 1 449 71 835 85 198
UR2 Secondary products 856 469 37 427 233 529 107 714 378 670 477 799
UR3 Ter tiary products 679 412 23 142 79 593 167 326 270 061 409 351
UR4 Dir ect purchases r esidents
14 526 14 526
UR5 Dir ect purchases non r esidents
– –
UR6 Total uses at pur chaser s’ pr ices
1 707 440 63 525 380 552 276 489 720 566 986 874
UR7 Gross value added/ GDP
76 661 (4 406) 72 878 180 082 477 627 730 587 802 842
UR8 Total output at basic pr ices
136 403 560 634 754 116 1 451 153
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 22
The SU-tables have, in addition to their major statistical and analytical functions mentioned above, many additional uses. The following are some examples of the extended use of supply and use tables:
• Derivation of GDP.
• Other derivations.
• Symmetric input-output tables.
• Social accounting matrices (SAMs).
• Satell ite accounts.
Der ivation of GDP
The production, income and expenditure based components of GDP at current market prices can all be derived from the SU-tables (cf. tables H and I, p. 18).
The production approach derives GDP at market prices by deducting intermediate consumption expenditure (uses) at purchasers’ prices from total output at basic prices after making provision for taxes and subsidies on products as well as trade and transport margins. The corresponding entries for 1999 in tables H and I are:
Output at basic prices SC8:SR6 R1 451 153
UC7:UR8
plus Taxes less subsidies on products SC2:SR6 R 72 255
plus Trade and transport margins SC3:SR6 R 0
less Intermediate consumption
(at purchasers’ prices) UC7:UR6 R 720 566
= GDP at market prices UC8:UR7 R 802 842
The income approach to estimate the GDP at market prices entails summing all the components of value added i.e. remuneration of employees and gross operating surplus after making provision for taxes and subsidies on products. In table I it is shown as column UC8.
GDP at market prices UC8:UR7 R 802 842
The expenditure approach to estimate the GDP at market prices entails the summation of the components of final demand i.e. household consumption expenditure, general government consumption expenditure, fixed capital formation, change in the value of inventories and exports, in the use table (cf. table I) and subtracting imports as obtained from the supply table (cf. table H):
Components of final demand UC9:UR6 R 986 874
less Imports SC9:SR6 R 184 032
= GDP at market prices UC8:UR7 R 802 842
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 23
Other der ivations
Apart from deriving the GDP according to the various approaches, a number of different valuations regarding goods and services, output, etc., can also be deduced from SU-tables as is illustrated in tables E (p. 10) and F (p. 11). The columns on the left of the SU-tables (SC1 and UC1), show the total supply of goods and services at purchasers’ prices i.e. including taxes less subsidies on products and trade and transport margins. Total supply of goods and services at basic prices is shown in column SC4. The columns for trade and transport margins (SC3) and taxes less subsidies on products (SC2+UC2+UC3) are used to derive total supply of products at purchasers’ prices from the valuation at basic prices.
Column SC9 refers to imported goods and services. The c.i.f./f.o.b. adjustment to imports is shown in column SC10 and row SR4. The GDP at market prices is shown in column UC8, while the components of final demand (final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation, exports and the residual item), also valued at market prices, are shown in column UC9.
The products available in the economy are classified in rows SR1 to SR3 and UR1 to UR3. For each product, total supply and total use in purchasers’ prices are equal. The rows SR5 and UR4 refer to direct purchases by South African residents abroad, which are treated as both imports and household expenditures. The expenditure by non-residents in the domestic market is shown in UR5. As it is included in both the exports (as a positive entry) and final consumption expenditure by households (as a negative entry), the net value in UC9 is nil.
The total output at basic prices for the di fferent industries is shown in rows SR6 and UR8. Row UR6 includes total uses at purchasers’ prices and UR7 shows gross value added for all industries and GDP at market prices for the total economy.
The off-diagonal production by a particular industry, or group of industries, can also be easily deduced from a supply and use table. For example, the intersection SC6:SR1 shows that the secondary industries produced R116 million of primary products. Furthermore, the secondary industry produced R28 265 million of tertiary products (SC6:SR3). The value of the secondary industries’ principal output (secondary products SC6:SR2) was R532 253 million. The negative value in SC3:SR3 reflects the total margins that are deducted from tertiary products as they are distributed throughout SC3 to convert the supply at basic prices to the supply at purchasers’ prices.
Details regarding intermediate and final consumption can also be directly obtained from a SU-table, for example the first row of the use table (UR1) shows that primary products were used as intermediate consumption expenditure by the primary industry (R2 956 million), secondary industry (R67 430 mill ion) and tertiary industry (R1 449 million) and as final consumption expenditure (R85 198 mill ion).
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 24
Input-output tables
The SU-tables form the basis for the estimation of input-output tables, both at current and at constant prices. From a statistical point of view, input-output tables serve many needs, including a framework for -
• basic data compilation;
• weighting and calculation of index numbers;
• accessing quality and completeness of data;
• developing interrelated price and volume measures; and
• consistency checking.
Symmetric input-output tables can be derived from SU-tables and used for various kinds of analytical purposes, including the analysis of -
• production;
• structure of demand;
• export ratios;
• employment;
• impact studies;
• prices and costs;
• required imports;
• investment and capital;
• exports,
• energy;
• the environment; and
• sensitivity analysis through the construction of (dynamic) output modelling.
Social Accounting Matr ices (SAMs)
A SAM elaborates on the linkages between SU-tables and institutional sector accounts. It is a presentation of the SNA in matrix terms that incorporates whatever degree of detail that might be of special interest. To date, builders of SAMs have exploited the available flexibility to highlight special interests and concerns, display the various interconnections, disaggregate the households sector, show the link between income generation and consumption, etc. The power of a SAM, as well as the 1993 SNA, comes from choosing the appropriate type of disaggregation to study the topic of interest. In addition to a flexible application and the inclusion of various components, a SAM may incorporate more extensive adjustments, which are of a satellite accounting nature, in order to satisfy speci fic analytical purposes.
Satellite accounts
As in the case of SAM, the links to the central framework, including the supply and use framework is of paramount importance in constructing satellite accounts. In some cases, working with the central framework of the 1993 SNA, even in a flexible way, is not sufficient. Even though conceptually consistent,
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 25
the central framework may be overburdened with detail. Moreover, some requirements may conflict with the central conceptual framework and its architecture.
In certain types of analysis, the basic intention is not to use alternative economic concepts, but simply to focus on a specific field or aspect of economic and social li fe in the context of national accounts. The intent is to make apparent and to describe in more depth aspects that are hidden in the accounts of the framework or surface only in a l imited number of points, e.g. tourism. Tourism as such is not a normal industry and cannot be classi fied separately as e.g. the manufacturing industry. Various aspects of tourism may appear in detailed classifications of activities, products and purposes. However, specific tourism transactions and purposes appear separately only in a few cases. In order to measure and describe tourism in a national accounts framework, use must be made of satellite accounting. This approach allows for the adaptation of the various classi fications and measurement of additional aggregates, such as national expenditure in tourism.
In other types of analysis, alternative concepts are emphasised, such as the enlargement of the production boundary through the inclusion of domestic services by members of the household. In these approaches, the economic process itsel f is depicted differently, and complementary or alternative aggregates are calculated.
The analysis of a number of important fields such as the environment may benefit by building a framework to accommodate elements included in the central accounts, explicitly or implicitly, plus complementary elements, either monetary or in physical quantities, and possibly alternative concepts and presentations.
Alternative view As an alternative, the flows of goods and services in the economy, as well as macro-economic concepts associated with the flows, can be explained through using a diagram (cf. figure 3, p. 23). This diagram is based on the principle that total supply = total use (demand) in the economy. It further shows that total supply (R1 707 440 mill ion) can be derived by adding domestic production at basic prices (R1 451 153 million), taxes less subsidies on products (R72 255 million) and imports (R184 032 mill ion). Furthermore, domestic production at basic prices (R1 451 153 million) is a combination of intermediate consumption of goods and services by all industries (R720 566 million) and gross value added, i.e. compensation of employees, gross operating surplus/mixed income and other taxes less subsidies on production (R730 587 million). The total use (R1 707 440 mill ion) consists of final demand (R986 874 million) and intermediate demand (R720 566 million). The distribution of intermediate consumption and domestic final demand between goods and services is also shown.
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Figure 3 – Flow of goods and services according to the 1999 supply and use tables (R million)
Intermediate consumption of goods and services
R720 566
(50%)
Goods
R450 505
(63%)
Services
R270 061
(37%)
Gross value added
R730 587
(50%)
Compensation of employees
R397 125
(55%)
Gross operating surplus/Mixed
income
R316 720
(43%)
Other taxes less subsidies on production
R16 742
(2%)
Domestic production of goods and services at basic prices
R1 451 153
(85%)
Goods
R668 526
(46%)
Services
R782 627
(54%)
Total supply R1 707 440
(100%)
Total use R1 707 440
(100%)
Final demand R986 874
(58%)
Domestic final demand R780 991
(79%)
Goods R395 933
(51%)
Services R385 058
(49%)
Export R205 883
(21%)
Intermediate demand R720 566
(42%)
Taxes less subsidies on products
R72 255
(4%)
Imports
R184 032
(11%)
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 27
Balancing process The SU-tables were balanced through the application of the “commodity flow method”, where applicable. This is a method whereby the detailed supply of goods and services (whether imported or domestically produced) is allocated between various intermediate or final uses, including exports. It is reliant on detailed basic statistics and is most powerful when independent estimates are made for both the supply and the use of each commodity.
The first step in the balancing process of the 1999 SU-tables was to concentrate on balancing of information relating to speci fic industries. Production and generation of income accounts were compiled for each industry, ensuring that the calculation of GDP was consistent from both the production and the income approach.
Secondly the estimates/structures referring to components of final demand in the SU-tables were adjusted to comply with the level estimates published by the SARB. This allowed for the construction of a goods and services account, from which the difference (residual item) in the calculation of the GDP using the expenditure approach and the production/income approach could be estimated.
The third phase of the balancing process was to disaggregate the output and intermediate consumption items of the industrial production accounts across the detailed product categories. A similar process was followed for the components of final demand in the goods and services account, as well as the estimates of taxes and subsidies on products.
The fourth step was the calculation of trade and transport margins. This was required to adjust the valuation of the supply of products from basic to purchasers’ prices. After this, the residual item, as calculated in the second step, was allocated according to product classi fication in the use table.
During the fifth step, the initial residual (both positive and negative), between the supply and use of products at purchasers’ prices, was addressed through data confrontation and the use of the commodity flow approach. This entailed the verification of the quality of the data and the classification thereof, on both sides of the equation, for each product. After investigation of the data, judgmental decisions were required in order to adjust the total supply or use of products at purchasers’ prices.
In cases where sound decisions could not be made as to the accuracy of contradicting statistics and where historic trends and patterns proved insufficient, the results were left unchanged and are reflected in the residual of the detailed tables (cf. table 3, p. 30 and table 4, p. 68).
In order to ensure that the data published in the summarised tables (cf. table 1, p. 28 and table 2, p. 29), correspond with the GDP as calculated according to the production-, income- and expenditure approaches, the residual item in the goods and services account (cf. table E, p. 10) was allocated to the components of final demand.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 28
THE TABLES
1999 SU-tables Four tables are published in respect of 1999, namely -
• a condensed supply table (cf. table 1, p. 28);
• a condensed use table (cf. table 2, p. 29);
• a detailed supply table (cf. table 3, p. 30); and
• a detailed use table (cf. table 4, p. 68).
The first two tables (cf. tables 1 and 2) provide an aggregated view of the final supply and use tables (SU-tables) and were adjusted (through the allocation of the residual item across the components of final demand) to calculate the gross domestic product (GDP) by means of the income-, production- and expenditure approaches without a residual.
The detailed tables (cf. tables 3 and 4) reflect a residual, implying that the GDP as calculated according to the income and production approaches differs from the GDP as calculated from the expenditure side. Publishing the residual in respect of products is specifically aimed at revealing the shortcomings in various data sources in order to investigate and rectify them.
Future SU-tables The compilation of SU-tables places a heavy burden on source data. It is, however, the aim of Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) not only to reduce the time lag between the publication of SU-tables and the reference year, but also to improve the quality and consistency of the various data sources.
Stats SA plans to compile and publish annual SU-tables. Apart from serving statistical purposes and aiding the estimation of annual GDP-estimates, these publications will serve as basis for periodic SAMs.
The next publication in the series of SU-tables will be a detailed set of tables referring to 2000.
The supply of products
The simple question: “who produces what” is easily answered by referring to the supply table (cf. table 3, p. 30), where each row shows the distribution of output of each product (indicated by “SP”) by industry and where each column lists the distribution of output of each industry (indicated by “I”) by product.
One finds for example, that in 1999 the grain mills industry (column I10, p. 34, of the supply table) produced R7 770 million of grain mill products (row SP16, SP17 and SP18) while all domestic industries combined (row SP16, SP17, SP18 and column I95, p. 66) produced R7 845 million of grain mill products. Thus, the grain mill industry accounted for 99% of the total domestic production of grain mill products in 1999.
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The use of products The use table displays the demand for various goods and services which may be used as intermediate inputs (products that are purchased by an industry from other industries to produce its outputs) or for final consumption by households, government, etc.
The question of “who buys what” is answered in the use table. Elements in the row of the use table shows the use of a particular product by various industries as well as the use of this product by various categories of final demand.
In 1999, for example, all industries (column I95, p. 100, of the use table), used grain mill products (row UP10) worth R2 945 million — the sum of row UP10 across the columns (I1–I94) of the use table. Individual entries across row UP10 represent individual uses by the industry indicated in the column.
This tabular presentation provides an analytical basis for understanding supply and demand for the products of any given industry. As Stats SA produces final SU-tables on an annual basis, users will be able to monitor changes over time.
Value added by industry
Generally speaking, the gross output of an industry consists of the value of the goods and services produced by that industry: the value of grain mill products produced by the grain mill industry; the value of cars and trucks produced by the motor vehicles manufacturing industry, etc. A brief reflection shows that, for example, the production of grain mill products requires agricultural products and other inputs. These goods and services are not the products of grain mills. Rather, they are produced by other industries and used by the grain mills as their inputs. Thus, a measure of the unduplicated production of an industry should exclude all intermediate inputs purchased from other industries.
The use table (cf. table 4, p. 68) displays all the costs incurred in production by an industry: the goods and services used as intermediate inputs; returns to the factors of production (rows V2 and V7 of table 4, p. 69), namely, compensation of employees and operating surplus/mixed income as well as taxes less subsidies (row V3 of table 4, p. 69). The latter entries, when combined, constitute “Value Added at Basic Prices” representing the contribution of the industry concerned to the total value of production of the economy.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the total economy
In order to derive the measure of “Gross Domestic Product at Market Prices” for the total economy, net taxes on products, i.e. taxes on products less subsidies on products, should also be added to the measure of value added at basic prices as they are a part of the market price of goods and services. The net taxes in this case indicate that total subsidies on products (row V5 of table 4, p. 69) have been subtracted from total taxes on products (row V4 of table 4, p. 69). It should be noted that taxes are paid not only by the business sector but also by other sectors of the economy which are covered in the final demand component of the use table in this publication.
The GDP at market prices as calculated above is called income-based GDP. In addition the supply (cf. table 3, p. 30) and use (cf. table 4, p. 68) tables also incorporate components of expenditure-based GDP i.e. household consumption expenditure (column F3 of the use table, p. 102), government consumption expenditure (column F4 of the use table, p. 102), fixed capital formation (column F5 of the use table, p. 102), changes in inventories (column F6 of the use table, p. 102) and net exports (exports (column F2 of the use table, p. 102) less imports (column F1 of the supply table, p. 66)).
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 30
Domestic availability of goods and services
It is of interest to analyse the domestic availability of a particular product, or of all goods and services for a particular year. The domestic availability of a product is defined as total domestic production minus exports plus imports. These values can be read directly from the supply and use tables. In 1999 the domestic production of grain mill products was R7 845 million (row SP16, SP17, SP18 and column I95, p. 66, of the supply table), while total exports were R741 million (row UP10 and column F2, p. 102, of the use table) and imports were R1 059 million (row SP16, SP17, SP18 and column F1, p. 66, of the supply table).
Thus, the domestic availability of this product at purchasers’ prices is R11 838 million, made up of domestic production (R7 845 million) minus exports (R741 million) plus imports (R1 060 mill ion) plus taxes less subsidies on products (R908 mill ion) plus trade and transport margins (R2 767 million).
Import share The data used in the preceding section also allows for the calculation of the import share of a product, that is, what portion of the domestic availability of a product comes from foreign countries. From these data, the import share for the same commodity can be calculated as follows:
(Total imports / Total domestic availability) x 100.
That is for 1999:
(R1 059 million / R11 838 million) x 100 = 8,95%
Export share Countries with considerable foreign trade have a keen interest in measures of export performance. A simple indicator of such performance is the proportion of total domestic production that is exported. Using the same commodity as in the previous illustrations, 6,26% of the domestic production of grain mill products was exported in 1999, calculated as follows:
(R741 million / R11 838 mill ion) x 100 = 6,26%.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 31
Table 1 - Condensed supply of products at basic pr ices: 1999 (R million)
Supply of Total Taxes Trade Total Industry Total products supply at
purcha-sers' pr ices
less subsi-dies on pro-ducts
and trans-por t
margins
supply at basic pr ices
Agr i-culture
M i-ning
Manu-factur ing
Elec-tr icity
Con-struc-tion
Trade Trans-por t
Business services
Commu-nity
services
Industry Impor ts c.i.f./f.o.badj ust-ment
Agr iculture
57 634
797
4 815
52 022
48 723
–
116
–
–
–
–
–
–
48 839
3 183
M ining
99 399
44
2 835
96 520
–
83 793
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
83 793
12 727
Manufactu-r ing
740 273
52 951
129 599
557 723
–
298
423 931
–
–
–
–
–
–
424 229
133 494
Electr icity
37 664
1 059
–
36 605
–
–
–
36 589
–
–
–
–
–
36 589
16
Construction
78 532
2 826
–
75 706
708
2 635
–
880
70 853
–
–
–
–
75 076
630
Trade
49 939
1 776
(122 895)
171 058
–
80
7 331
41
111
159 525
122
–
–
167 210
3 848
Transpor t
120 030
804
(14 354)
133 580
–
–
–
–
–
–
123 747
–
–
123 747
20 451
(10 618)
Business services
241 568
7 963
–
233 605
–
166
8 315
–
933
135
466
219 695
–
229 710
5 109
(1 214) Community services
267 875
4 035
–
263 840
–
–
11 534
–
–
7 530
–
2 652
240 244
261 960
1 880
c.i.f./f.o.b. adj ustment
–
(11 832)
11 832 Direct purchases abroad by residents
14 526
14 526
14 526
Total
1 707 440
72 255
–
1 635 185
49 431
86 972
451 227
37 510
71 897
167 190
124 335
222 347
240 244
1 451 153
184 032
–
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 32
Table 2 - Condensed use of products at purchasers’ pr ices: 1999 (R million)
Supply of Total Taxes Industry Total Total Final products supply at
purcha-sers' pr ices
less subsidies
on products
Agr i-culture
M i-ning
Manu-fac-
tur ing
Elec-tr icity
Construc-tion
Trade Trans-por t
Business services
Commu- nity
services
Industry economy Demand
Agr iculture
57 634
2 457
39
36 133
10
5
556
3
21
394
39 617
18 017
M ining
99 399
174
285
25 655
4 089
1 539
13
132
34
295
32 218
67 181
Manufactu-r ing
740 273
16 136
15 406
172 617
2 491
25 771
20 404
25 113
14 690
32 114
324 741
415 532 Electr icity
37 664
678
4 160
9 212
6 015
279
2 355
2 320
1 599
1 812
28 431
9 233
Construction
78 532
206
842
–
1 251
15 893
2 087
643
2 170
2 406
25 498
53 034
Trade
49 939
194
313
3 683
105
142
5 892
4 504
2 893
3 352
21 079
28 860
Transpor t
120 030
2 771
12 116
15 983
376
965
14 562
10 867
6 742
4 358
68 740
51 290
Business services
241 568
1 250
2 111
26 740
1 406
4 418
25 060
8 670
48 695
12 680
131 030
110 538 Community services
267 875
570
3 817
25 188
26
560
666
1 214
1 958
15 213
49 212
218 663 Direct purchases abroad by residents
14 526
14 526 Direct purchases by non-residents
–
– Total uses
1 707 440
24 436
39 089
315 211
15 769
49 572
71 596
53 467
78 802
72 624
720 566
986 874
Total gross value added/GDP
72 255
24 995
47 883
136 016
21 741
22 325
95 594
70 868
143 545
167 620
730 587
802 842
Total
49 431
86 972
451 227
37 510
71 897
167 190
124 335
222 347
240 244
1 451 153
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 106
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 107
ADDITIONAL INFORM ATION
Explanatory notes
Introduction 1 This publication contains SU-tables for 1999, compiled in accordance with the recommendations of the 1993 System of National Accounts.
Scope of the supply and use tables
2 The SU-tables cover the entire economy. Ninety-four di fferent industry groups, 153 product groups (153 product groups in supply table and 95 product groups in use table) as well as six different components of final demand are distinguished.
Classification 3 The 1993 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (SIC), Fifth Edition, Report No. 09-90-02, was used to classify the industries or economic activities in the System of National Accounts. The SIC is based on the 1990 (third revision) International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC), with suitable adaptations for local conditions. The third revision of the ISIC differs in various respects from the previous edition. Therefore, the fifth edition of the SIC also differs from previous editions. Table M (p. 127) and table N (p. 132) provide information on the industry groups that are included in the SU-tables.
A commodity classification was developed for use in the SU-tables which is closely related to the SIC classification. The aim was to simplify the process of creating square SU-tables. More information on the product groups is provided in table J (p. 110) and table K (p.118).
Reference per iod and time of recording
4 The tables record production activities and transactions of goods and services conducted in South Africa during the reference year, i.e. 1999. Domestic production of goods is recorded at the time they are produced and that of services at the time they are provided. Intermediate consumption of goods and services is recorded at the time they are actuall y used in the production process. Final consumption of goods and services by households and general government is recorded at the time they are purchased irrespective of their delivery in general. Goods for fixed capital formation are recorded at the time they are delivered, and changes in inventories are recorded at the time legal proprietary rights are transferred. Imports and exports are recorded at the time of customs clearance.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 108
Related publications 5 Users may also wish to refer to the following publications
available from Stats SA:
Final Input-Output tables: • Report No. 09-16-01 Input-output tables, 1967. • Report No. 09-16-02 Input-output tables, 1971. • Report No. 09-16-04 Input-output tables, 1975. • Report No. 09-16-05 Input-output tables, 1978. • Report No. 09-16-05 Input-output tables, 1981. • Report No. 09-16-05 Input-output tables, 1981
(Imports separately). • Report No. 04-02-01 (1984) Input-output tables, 1984. • Report No. 04-02-02 (1984) Input-output tables, 1984
(Imports separately). • Report No. 04-02-01 (1988) Input-output tables, 1988. • Report No. 04-02-02 (1988) Input-output tables, 1988
(Imports separately). • Report No. 04-02-01 (1989) Input-output tables, 1989. • Report No. 04-02-02 (1989) Input-output tables, 1989
(Imports separately).
Preliminary Input-Output tables: • Report No. 04-02-03 Input-output tables, 1993 (RAS-
Method). • Report No. 04-02-03 Input-output tables, 1993 (RAS-
Method). (Imports separately).
Social Accounting Matrices: • Report No. 04-03-02 (1988) Final Social Accounting
Matrix for South Africa, 1988.
Supply and use tables • Report No. 04-04-01 (1993) Final supply and use
tables, 1993. • Report No. 04-04-01 (1998) Final supply and use
tables, 1998. An input-output framework.
Unpublished statistics 6 In some cases, Stats SA can also make available formation that is not published. This information can be made available in one or more of the following ways: computer printout, diskette or CD. Generally a fee is levied for providing unpublished information.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 109
Symbols and abbreviations 7 BAS
c.i.f. Fx f.o.b. FSIM GDP GFS Ix I-O tables ISIC n.e.c. SAM SARB SCx SIC SNA SPx SRx SU-tables Stats SA UCx UPx URx VAT Vx –
Basic Accounting System Cost of insurance and freight Final demand component x in detailed SU-tables Free on board Financial Services Indirectly Measured Gross Domestic Product Government Financial Statistics Industry x in detailed SU-tables Input-Output tables International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities Not elsewhere classified Social Accounting Matrix South African Reserve Bank Column x in condensed supply table Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities, fifth edition System of National Accounts Row x in detailed supply table Row x in condensed supply table Supply and use tables Statistics South Africa Column x in condensed use table Row x in detailed use table Row x in condensed use table Value Added Tax Value added component x in detailed SU-tables 0 or to small to publish
Rounding-off of figures 8 The figures have been rounded off to the nearest million. There may therefore be slight discrepancies between the sums of the constituent industries and the totals shown.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 110
Annexure 1 - Description of products used in the supply table
Table J provides a detailed description for each of the product descriptions in the supply table (cf. table 3, p. 30).
Table J - Descr iption of products used in the supply table
Row no.
Supply table description Detailed descr iption
SP1 Agricultural products Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing
SP2 Coal and lignite products Mining of coal and lignite
SP3 Gold and uranium ore products Gold and uranium ore
SP4 Other mining products Other mining and quarrying; service activities incidental to mining of minerals
SP5 Slaughtering of livestock Slaughtering, dressing and packing of livestock, including poultry and small game for meat
SP6 Prepared and preserved meat Prepared and preserved meat, including sausage; by-products (hides, bones, etc.)
SP7 Lard and other edible fats Lard and other edible fats
SP8 Fish products Processing and preserving of fish and fish products
SP9 Fruit and vegetables products Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables
SP10 Crude oil and oilseed cake Crude oil and oilseed cake and meal
SP11 Margarine and edible oils Compound cooking fats, margarine and edible oils
SP12 Fresh milk Fresh milk (pasteurising, homogenising, sterilising and vitaminising)
SP13 Butter and cheese Butter and cheese
SP14 Ice cream and other edible ice Ice cream and other edible ice, whether or not containing cream or chocolate
SP15 Other edible milk products Milk powder, condensed milk and other edible milk products, e.g. ghee, casein or lactose
SP16 Flour and grain mill products Flour and grain mill products, including rice and vegetable milling; grain mill residues
SP17 Breakfast foods Breakfast foods
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 111
Table J - Descr iption of products used in the supply table (continued)
Row no.
Supply table description Detailed descr iption
SP18 Starches and starch products Starches and starch products
SP19 Animal feeds Animal feeds
SP20 Bakery products Bakery products
SP21 Sugar products Sugar, including golden syrup and castor sugar
SP22 Confectionary products Cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery
SP23 Farinaceous products Macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products
SP24 Coffee and tea Coffee, coffee substitutes and tea
SP25 Other food products Spices, condiments, vinegar, yeast, egg products, soups and other food products n.e.c.
SP26 Beverages and tobacco products Distilling, rectifying, blending of spirits, wine, beer, other malt liquors, malt, soft drinks; production of mineral waters and tobacco products
SP27 Preparatory activities of fibres Preparatory activities of fibres, including washing, combing and carding of wool
SP28 Spinning of animal fibres Spinning, weaving and finishing of yarns and fabrics predominantly of wool and other animal fibres
SP29 Spinning of vegetables fibres Spinning, weaving and finishing of yarns and fabrics predominantly of vegetable fibres
SP30 Blankets and stuffed articles Blankets, made-up furnishing articles and stuffed articles
SP31 Tents and other canvas goods Tents, tarpaulins, sails and other canvas goods
SP32 Automotive textile goods Automotive textile goods (including safety belts, seat covers and upholstery)
SP33 Other textile articles Other textile articles
SP34 Carpets and rugs Carpets and rugs
SP35 Cordage, rope, twine and netting Cordage, rope, twine and netting
SP36 Other textile products Other textile products n.e.c.
SP37 Garment, hosiery knitting Garment and hosiery knitting
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 112
Table J - Descr iption of products used in the supply table (continued)
Row no.
Supply table description Detailed descr iption
SP38 Other knitting products Other knitting products
SP39 Men's and boys' clothing Men's and boys' clothing
SP40 Women's and girls' clothing Women's and girls' clothing
SP41 Other wearing apparel Bespoke tailoring; hats, caps, ties and other wearing apparel
SP42 Articles of fur Dressing and dyeing of fur, artificial fur, fur apparel and other articles of fur
SP43 Leather products Tanning and dressing of leather
SP44 Handbags Travel goods and ladies’ handbags
SP45 Other leather products Other general and small goods of leather and leather substitutes, including harness and saddlery
SP46 Footwear Footwear
SP47 Saw and preserving of timber Saw and preserving of timber
SP48 Other mill products Other mill products, including wattle grinding and compressing
SP49 Panels and boards Veneer sheets, plywood, laminboard, particle board and other panels and boards
SP50 Builders' carpentry and joinery Builders’ carpentry and joinery
SP51 Wooden containers Wooden containers
SP52 Coffins Coffins (excluding coffins manufactured by funeral undertakers)
SP53 Picture frames Picture frames and framing
SP54 Other articles of wood Other articles of wood, cork, straw and plaiting materials, including woodcarving and woodturning
SP55 Paper products Pulp, paper and paperboard
SP56 Corrugated paper Corrugated paper and paperboard
SP57 Containers of paper Containers of paper and paperboard
SP58 Stationary Stationary
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 113
Table J - Descr iption of products used in the supply table (continued)
Row no.
Supply table description Detailed descr iption
SP59 Other paper products Other paper products
SP60 Published and printed products Publishing (excluding recorded media) and printing
SP61 Recorded media products Publishing and reproduction of recorded media
SP62 Fuel products Coke oven products, processing of nuclear fuel and petroleum refineries/synthesisers
SP63 Basic chemical products Basic chemicals, except fertilizers and nitrogen compounds
SP64 Fertil izers Fertil izers and nitrogen compounds
SP65 Primary plastic products Plastics in primary form and of synthetic rubber
SP66 Pesticides Pesticides and other agrochemical products
SP67 Paints Paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics
SP68 Pharmaceutical products Pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemicals and botanical products
SP69 Cleaning compounds Soap and other cleaning compounds
SP70 Perfumes and cosmetics Perfumes, cosmetics and other toilet preparations
SP71 Polishes, waxes and dressings Other preparation such as polishes, waxes and dressings
SP72 Other chemical products Other chemical products n.e.c.
SP73 Man-made fibres Man-made fibres
SP74 Rubber tyres Rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres
SP75 Other rubber products Other rubber products
SP76 Plastic products Plastic products
SP77 Sheet and plate glass Sheet and plate glass, glass blocks, tubes and rods; glass fibres and glass wool
SP78 Other glass products Glass containers; glass kitchenware and tableware; scientific and laboratory glassware, clock and watch glasses and other glass products
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 114
Table J - Descr iption of products used in the supply table (continued)
Row no.
Supply table description Detailed descr iption
SP79 Non-structural Ceramics Non-structural non-refractory ceramicware
SP80 Structural ceramic products Refractory and structural non-refractory clay and ceramic products
SP81 Cement Cement, lime and plaster
SP82 Other non-metall ic products Article of concrete, cement, plaster, stone and other non-metallic mineral products n.e.c.
SP83 Basic iron and steel Basic iron and steel (except steel pipe and tube); casting of iron and steel
SP84 Steel pipe and tube Steel pipe and tube
SP85 Non-ferrous metals Basic precious and non-ferrous metals; casting of non-ferrous metals
SP86 Metal structures Metal structures or parts thereof
SP87 Metal doors, windows and gates Other structure metal products, e.g. metal doors, windows and gates
SP88 Containers of metal Tanks, reservoirs and similar containers of metal
SP89 Steam generators Steam generators, except central heating hot water boilers
SP90 Treated metal products Forging, pressing, stamping, roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy, treatment and coating of metals and general mechanical engineering
SP91 General hardware products Cutlery, hand tools and general hardware
SP92 Cans and tins Metal containers, e.g. cans and tins
SP93 Cables and wire products Cables and wire products
SP94 Metal fasteners Metal fasteners
SP95 Other metal products Other metal products n.e.c.
SP96 Engines Engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and motor cycle engines
SP97 Pumps Pumps, compressors, taps and valves
SP98 Gears Bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements
SP99 Lifting equipment Lifting and handling equipment
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 115
Table J - Descr iption of products used in the supply table (continued)
Row no.
Supply table description Detailed descr iption
SP100 General machinery Other general purpose machinery
SP101 Agricultural machinery Agricultural and forestry machinery
SP102 Machine-tools Machine-tools
SP103 Machinery for metallurgy Machinery for metallurgy
SP104 Mining machinery Machinery for mining, quarrying and construction
SP105 Food machinery Machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing
SP106 Textile machinery Machinery for textile, apparel and leather production
SP107 Weapons and ammunition Weapons and ammunition
SP108 Other special machinery Other special purpose machinery
SP109 Household appliances Household appliances n.e.c.
SP110 Office machinery Office, accounting and computing machinery
SP111 Electric motors Electric motors, generators and transformers
SP112 Electricity apparatus Electricity distribution and control apparatus
SP113 Insulated wire and cable Insulated wire and cable
SP114 Accumulators Accumulators, primary cells and primary batteries
SP115 Lighting equipment Electrical lamps and lighting equipment
SP116 Other electrical products Other electrical products n.e.c.
SP117 Radio and television products Radio, television- and communication equipment and apparatus
SP118 Medical and surgical equipment Medical and surgical equipment and orthopaedic appliances
SP119 Instruments Instruments and appliances for measuring, checking, testing, navigating and for other purposes, except industrial process control equipment
SP120 Control equipment Industrial process control equipment
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 116
Table J - Descr iption of products used in the supply table (continued)
Row no.
Supply table description Detailed descr iption
SP121 Photographic equipment Optical instruments and photographic equipment
SP122 Watches and clocks Watches and clocks
SP123 Motor vehicles Motor vehicles (including their engines) and bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles; trailers and semi-trailers
SP124 Motor vehicles parts Parts and accessories for motor vehicles and their engines
SP125 Building and repairing of ships Building and repairing of ships
SP126 Building and repairing of boats Building and repairing of pleasure and sporting boats
SP127 Railway Railway and tramway locomotives and rolling stock
SP128 Other transport equipment Other transport equipment n.e.c.
SP129 Furniture Furniture
SP130 Jewellery Jewellery and related articles
SP131 Musical instruments Musical instruments
SP132 Sports goods Sports goods
SP133 Games and toys Games and toys
SP134 Brushes and brooms Brushes and brooms
SP135 Crayons, chalk, pens and pencils Crayons, chalk, pens and pencils
SP136 Buttons and buckles Buttons, buckles slide fasteners, etc.
SP137 Number plates and signs Number plates, signs and advertising displays, that are not electrical
SP138 Other manufacturing Other manufacturing n.e.c. and recycling of metal- and non-metal waste and scrap
SP139 Electricity Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply
SP140 Water Collection, purification and distribution of water
SP141 Buildings construction Buildings, specialist trade contractors, building installation, building completion
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 117
Table J - Descr iption of products used in the supply table (concluded)
Row no.
Supply table description Detailed descr iption
SP142 Other constructions Site preparation; construction of civil engineering structures and construction of other structures; renting of construction / demolition equipment with operators
SP143 Trade services Wholesale trade, commission trade (except of motor vehicles and motor cycles), retail trade, repair of personal and household goods, sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles and retail trade in automotive fuel
SP144 Hotel and restaurant services Hotels, camping sites, other provision of short-stay accommodation; restaurants, bars, canteens
SP145 Transport services Transport, supporting and help activities related to transport
SP146 Communications Post, courier activities and telecommunication
SP147 FSIM Financial intermediation services indirectly measured
SP148 Insurance services Financial intermediation, insurance and pension funding
SP149 Real estate services Real estate activities
SP150 Other business services Other business activities
SP151 General Government services Other individual and collective general government
SP152 Health and social work Human health, veterinary and social work activities
SP153 Other services / activities Education, other service and other activities n.e.c. or unspecified
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 118
Annexure 2 - Description of products used in the use table
Table K provides a detailed description for each of the product descriptions in the use table (cf. table 4, p. 68).
Table K - Descr iption of products used in the use table
Row no.
Use table descr iption Detailed descr iption
UP1 Agricultural products Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing
UP2 Coal and lignite products Mining of coal and lignite
UP3 Gold and uranium ore products Gold and uranium ore
UP4 Other mining products Other mining and quarrying; service activities incidental to mining of minerals
UP5 Meat products Production, processing and preserving of meat and meat products
UP6 Fish products Processing and preserving of fish and fish products
UP7 Fruit and vegetables products Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables
UP8 Oils and fats products Vegetable and animal oils and fats
UP9 Dairy products Dairy products
UP10 Grain mill products Grain mill products; starches and starch products
UP11 Animal feeds Animal feeds
UP12 Bakery products Bakery products
UP13 Sugar products Sugar, including golden syrup and castor sugar
UP14 Sugar confectionery Cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery
UP15 Other food products Other food products n.e.c.
UP16 Beverages and tobacco products Distilling, rectifying, blending of spirits, wine, beer, other malt l iquors, malt, soft drinks; production of mineral waters and tobacco products
UP17 Textile products Preparation and spinning of textile fibres; weaving of texti les and finishing of textiles
UP18 Made-up textile products Made-up textile articles, except apparel
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 119
Table K - Descr iption of products used in the use table (continued)
Row no.
Use table descr iption Detailed descr iption
UP19 Carpets and rugs Carpets and rugs
UP20 Other textiles products Cordage, rope, twine and netting
UP21 Knitting mill products Knitted and crocheted fabrics and articles
UP22 Wearing apparel Wearing apparel; dressing and dyeing of fur; articles of fur
UP23 Leather products Tanning and dressing of leather
UP24 Handbags Luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness
UP25 Footwear Footwear
UP26 Wood products Sawmill ing and planing of wood, products of wood, cork, straw and plaiting materials
UP27 Paper products Pulp, paper and paperboard
UP28 Containers of paper Corrugated paper and paperboard, containers of paper and paperboard
UP29 Other paper products Other articles of paper and paperboard
UP30 Published and printed products Publishing (excluding recorded media) and printing
UP31 Recorded media products Publishing and reproduction of recorded media
UP32 Fuel products Coke oven products, processing of nuclear fuel and petroleum refineries/synthesisers
UP33 Basic chemical products Basic chemicals, except fertilizers and nitrogen compounds
UP34 Fertilizers Fertil izers and nitrogen compounds
UP35 Primary plastic products Plastics in primary forms and synthetic rubber; man-made fibres
UP36 Pesticides Pesticides and other agrochemical products
UP37 Paints Paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics
UP38 Pharmaceutical products Pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemicals and botanical products
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 120
Table K - Descr iption of products used in the use table (continued)
Row no.
Use table descr iption Detailed descr iption
UP39 Soap products Soap, detergents, cleaning-, polishing-, perfume- and toilet preparations
UP40 Other chemical products Other chemical products n.e.c.
UP41 Rubber tyres Rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres
UP42 Other rubber products Other rubber products
UP43 Plastic products Plastic products
UP44 Glass products Glass and glass products
UP45 Non-structural ceramics Non-structural non-refractory ceramicware
UP46 Structural ceramic products Refractory and structural non-refractory clay and ceramic products
UP47 Cement Cement, lime and plaster
UP48 Other non-metallic products Articles of concrete, cement, plaster, stone and other non-metallic mineral products n.e.c.
UP49 Iron and steel products Basic iron and steel; casting of iron and steel
UP50 Non-ferrous metals Basic precious and non-ferrous metals; casting of non-ferrous metals
UP51 Structural metal products Structural metal products, tanks, reservoirs and steam generators
UP52 Treated metal products Forging, pressing, stamping, roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy, treatment and coating of metals and general mechanical engineering
UP53 General hardware products Cutlery, hand tools and general hardware
UP54 Other fabricated metal products Other fabricated metal products n.e.c.
UP55 Engines Engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and motor cycle engines
UP56 Pumps Pumps, compressors, taps and valves
UP57 Gears Bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements
UP58 Lifting equipment Lifting and handling equipment
UP59 General machinery Other general purpose machinery
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 121
Table K - Descr iption of products used in the use table (continued)
Row no.
Use table descr iption Detailed descr iption
UP60 Agricultural machinery Agricultural and forestry machinery
UP61 Machine-tools Machine-tools
UP62 Mining machinery Machinery for mining, quarrying and construction
UP63 Food machinery Machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing
UP64 Other special machinery Other special purpose machinery
UP65 Household appliances Household appliances n.e.c
UP66 Office machinery Office, accounting and computing machinery
UP67 Electric motors Electric motors, generators and transformers
UP68 Electricity apparatus Electricity distribution and control apparatus
UP69 Insulated wire and cable Insulated wire and cable
UP70 Accumulators Accumulators, primary cells and primary batteries
UP71 Lighting equipment Electric lamps and lighting equipment
UP72 Other electrical products Other electrical equipment n.e.c.
UP73 Radio and television products Radio-, television- and communication equipment and apparatus
UP74 Optical instruments Medical, precision- and optical instruments, watches and clocks
UP75 Motor vehicles Motor vehicles (including their engines) and bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles; trailers and semi-trailers
UP76 Motor vehicle parts Parts and accessories for motor vehicles and their engines
UP77 Other transport products Other transport equipment n.e.c.
UP78 Furniture Furniture
UP79 Jewellery Jewellery and related articles
UP80 Manufactured products n.e.c. Other manufacturing n.e.c. and recycling of metal- and non-metal waste and scrap
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 122
Table K - Descr iption of products used in the use table (concluded)
Row no.
Use table descr iption Detailed descr iption
UP81 Electricity Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply
UP82 Water Collection, purification and distribution of water
UP83 Buildings construction Buildings, specialist trade contractors, building installation, building completion
UP84 Other constructions Site preparation; construction of civil engineering structures and construction of other structures; renting of construction / demolition equipment with operators
UP85 Trade services Wholesale trade, commission trade (except of motor vehicles and motor cycles), retail trade, repair of personal and household goods, sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles and retail trade in automotive fuel
UP86 Hotel and restaurant services Hotels, camping sites, other provision of short-stay accommodation; restaurants, bars, canteens
UP87 Transport services Transport, supporting and help activities related to transport
UP88 Communications Post, courier activities and telecommunications
UP89 FSIM Financial intermediation services indirectly measured
UP90 Insurance services Financial intermediation, insurance and pension funding
UP91 Real estate services Real estate activities
UP92 Other business services Other business activities
UP93 General government services Other individual and collective general government
UP94 Health and social work Human health, veterinary and social work activities
UP95 Other services / activities Education, other services and other activities n.e.c. or unspecified.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 123
Annexure 3 – Link between the products used in the supply table (SP) and the products used in the use table (UP)
Table L provides a l ink between the products used in the supply table (SP) and the products used in the use table (UP) (cf. table 3, p. 30 and table 4, p. 68).
Table L – L ink between the products used in the supply and use tables
Row no.
Use table descr iption Supply table row no.
UP1 Agricultural products SP1
UP2 Coal and lignite products SP2
UP3 Gold and uranium ore products SP3
UP4 Other mining products SP4
UP5 Meat products SP5, SP6, SP7
UP6 Fish products SP8
UP7 Fruit and vegetables products SP9
UP8 Oils and fats products SP10, SP11
UP9 Dairy products SP12, SP13, SP14, SP15
UP10 Grain mill products SP16, SP17, SP18
UP11 Animal feeds SP19
UP12 Bakery products SP20
UP13 Sugar products SP21
UP14 Sugar confectionery SP22
UP15 Other food products SP23, SP24, SP25
UP16 Beverages and tobacco products SP26
UP17 Textile products SP27, SP28, SP29
UP18 Made-up textile products SP30, SP31, SP32, SP33
UP19 Carpets and rugs SP34
UP20 Other textiles products SP35, SP36
UP21 Knitting mill products SP37, SP38
UP22 Wearing apparel SP39, SP40, SP41, SP42
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 124
Table L – L ink between the products used in the supply and use tables (continued)
Row no.
Use table descr iption Supply table row no.
UP23 Leather products SP43
UP24 Handbags SP44, SP45
UP25 Footwear SP46
UP26 Wood products SP47, SP48, SP49, SP50, SP51, SP52, SP53, SP54
UP27 Paper products SP55
UP28 Containers of paper SP56, SP57
UP29 Other paper products SP58, SP59
UP30 Published and printed products SP60
UP31 Recorded media products SP61
UP32 Fuel products SP62
UP33 Basic chemical products SP63
UP34 Fertilizers SP64
UP35 Primary plastic products SP65, SP73
UP36 Pesticides SP66
UP37 Paints SP67
UP38 Pharmaceutical products SP68
UP39
Soap products SP69, SP70, SP71
UP40 Other chemical products SP72
UP41 Rubber tyres SP74
UP42 Other rubber products SP75
UP43 Plastic products SP76
UP44 Glass products SP77, SP78
UP45 Non-structural ceramics SP79
UP46 Structural ceramic products SP80
UP47 Cement SP81
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 125
Table L – L ink between the products used in the supply and use tables (continued)
Row no.
Use table descr iption Supply table row no.
UP48 Other non-metallic products SP82
UP49 Iron and steel products SP83, SP84
UP50 Non-ferrous metals SP85
UP51 Structural metal products SP86, SP87, SP88, SP89
UP52 Treated metal products SP90
UP53 General hardware products SP91
UP54 Other fabricated metal products SP92, SP93, SP93, SP95
UP55 Engines SP96
UP56 Pumps SP97
UP57 Gears SP98
UP58 Lifting equipment SP99
UP59 General machinery SP100
UP60 Agricultural machinery SP101
UP61 Machine-tools SP102
UP62 Mining machinery SP104
UP63 Food machinery SP105
UP64 Other special machinery SP103, SP106, SP107, SP108
UP65 Household appliances SP109
UP66 Office machinery SP110
UP67 Electric motors SP111
UP68 Electricity apparatus SP112
UP69 Insulated wire and cable SP113
UP70 Accumulators SP114
UP71 Lighting equipment SP115
UP72 Other electrical products SP116
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 126
Table L – L ink between the products used in the supply and use tables (concluded)
Row no.
Use table descr iption Supply table row no.
UP73 Radio and television products SP117
UP74 Optical instruments SP118, SP119, SP120, SP121, SP122
UP75 Motor vehicles SP123
UP76 Motor vehicle parts SP124
UP77 Other transport products SP125, SP126, SP127, SP128
UP78 Furniture SP129
UP79 Jewellery SP130
UP80 Manufactured products n.e.c. SP131, SP132, SP133, SP134, SP135, SP136, SP137, SP138
UP81 Electricity SP139
UP82 Water SP140
UP83 Buildings construction SP141
UP84 Other constructions SP142
UP85 Trade services SP143
UP86 Hotel and restaurant services SP144
UP87 Transport services SP145
UP88 Communications SP146
UP89 FSIM SP147
UP90 Insurance services SP148
UP91 Real estate services SP149
UP92 Other business services SP150
UP93 General government services SP151
UP94 Health and social work SP152
UP95 Other services / activities SP153
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 127
Annexure 4 - Description of industries used in the SU-tables
Table M provides a link between the abbreviated description of activities in the supply and use tables (cf. table 3, p. 30 and table 4, p. 68) and a more elaborate description.
Table M - Descr iption of industries used in the SU-tables
Col. no.
SU-tables descr iption Detailed descr iption
I1 Agriculture Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing
I2 Coal Mining of coal and lignite
I3 Gold Gold and uranium ore
I4 Other mining Other mining and quarrying; service activities incidental to mining of minerals
I5 Meat Production, processing and preserving of meat and meat products
I6 Fish Processing and preserving of fish and fish products
I7 Fruit Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables
I8 Oils Vegetable and animal oils and fats
I9 Dairy Dairy products
I10 Grain mills Grain mill products; starches and starch products
I11 Animal feeds Animal feeds
I12 Bakeries Bakery products
I13 Sugar Sugar, including golden syrup and castor sugar
I14 Confectionery Cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery
I15 Other food Other food products n.e.c.
I16 Beverage and tobacco Distilling, rectifying, blending of spirits, wine, beer, other malt liquors, malt, soft drinks; production of mineral waters and tobacco products
I17 Textiles Preparation and spinning of textile fibres; weaving of textiles and finishing of textiles
I18 Textile articles Made-up textile articles, except apparel
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 128
Table M - Descr iption of industries used in the SU-tables (continued)
Col. no.
SU-tables descr iption Detailed descr iption
I19 Carpets Carpets and rugs
I20 Other textiles Other textiles n.e.c.
I21 Knitting mills Knitted and crocheted fabrics and articles
I22 Wearing apparel Wearing apparel; dressing and dyeing of fur; articles of fur
I23 Leather Tanning and dressing of leather
I24 Handbags Luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness
I25 Footwear Footwear
I26 Wood Sawmill ing and planing of wood, products of wood, cork, straw and plaiting materials
I27 Paper Pulp, paper and paperboard
I28 Containers of paper Corrugated paper and paperboard, containers of paper and paperboard
I29 Other paper Other articles of paper and paperboard
I30 Publishing Publishing (excluding recorded media) and printing
I31 Recorded media Publishing and reproduction of recorded media
I32 Petroleum Coke oven products, processing of nuclear fuel and petroleum refineries/synthesisers
I33 Basic chemicals Basic chemicals, except fertilizers and nitrogen compounds
I34 Fertilizers Fertil izers and nitrogen compounds
I35 Primary plastics Plastics in primary forms and synthetic rubber; man-made fibres
I36 Pesticides Pesticides and other agrochemical products
I37 Paints Paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics
I38 Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemicals and botanical products
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 129
Table M - Descr iption of industries used in the SU-tables (continued)
Col. no.
SU-tables descr iption Detailed descr iption
I39 Soap Soap, detergents, cleaning-, polishing-, perfume- and toilet preparations
I40 Other chemicals Other chemical products n.e.c.
I41 Tyres Rubber tyres and tubes; retreading, rebuilding of rubber tyres
I42 Other rubber Other rubber products
I43 Plastic Plastic products
I44 Glass Glass and glass products
I45 Non-structural ceramics Non-structural non-refractory ceramicware
I46 Structural ceramics Refractory and structural non-refractory clay and ceramic products
I47 Cement Cement, lime and plaster
I48 Other non-metallic Articles of concrete, cement, plaster, stone and other non-metallic mineral products n.e.c.
I49 Iron and steel Basic iron and steel; casting of iron and steel
I50 Non-ferrous metals Basic precious and non-ferrous metals; casting of non-ferrous metals
I51 Structural metal Structural metal products, tanks, reservoirs and steam generators
I52 Treatment metals Forging, pressing, stamping, roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy, treatment and coating of metals and general mechanical engineering
I53 General hardware Cutlery, hand tools and general hardware
I54 Fabricated metal Other fabricated metal products n.e.c.
I55 Engines Engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and motor cycle engines
I56 Pumps Pumps, compressors, taps and valves
I57 Gears Bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements
I58 Lifting equipment Lifting and handling equipment
I59 General machinery Other general purpose machinery
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 130
Table M - Descr iption of industries used in the SU-tables (continued)
Col. no.
SU-tables descr iption Detailed descr iption
I60 Agricultural machinery Agricultural and forestry machinery
I61 Machine-tools Machine-tools
I62 Mining machinery Machinery for mining, quarrying and construction
I63 Food machinery Machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing
I64 Special machinery Other special purpose machinery
I65 Household appliances Household appliances n.e.c.
I66 Office machinery Office, accounting and computing machinery
I67 Electric motors Electric motors, generators and transformers
I68 Electricity apparatus Electricity distribution and control apparatus
I69 Wire and cable Insulated wire and cable
I70 Accumulators Accumulators, primary cells and primary batteries
I71 Lighting equipment Electric lamps and lighting equipment
I72 Electrical equipment Other electrical equipment n.e.c.
I73 Radio and television Radio-, television- and communication equipment and apparatus
I74 Optical instruments Medical, precision- and optical instruments, watches and clocks
I75 Motor vehicles Motor vehicles (including their engines) and bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles; trailers and semi-trailers
I76 Motor vehicle parts Parts and accessories for motor vehicles and their engines
I77 Other transport Other transport equipment n.e.c.
I78 Furniture Furniture
I79 Jewellery Jewellery and related articles
I80 Other manufacturing Other manufacturing and recycling of metal- and non-metal waste and scrap
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 131
Table M - Descr iption of industries used in the SU-tables (concluded)
Col. no.
SU-tables descr iption Detailed descr iption
I81 Electricity Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply
I82 Water Collection, purification and distribution of water
I83 Buildings Buildings, specialist trade contractors, building installation, building completion
I84 Other construction Site preparation; construction of civil engineering structures and construction of other structures; renting of construction / demolition equipment with operators
I85 Trade Wholesale trade, commission trade (except of motor vehicles and motor cycles), retail trade; repair of personal and household goods, sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles and retail trade in automotive fuel
I86 Hotels Hotels, camping sites, other provision of short-stay accommodation; restaurants, bars, canteens
I87 Transport services Transport, supporting and help activities related to transport
I88 Communications Post, courier activities and telecommunications
I89 Insurance Financial intermediation, insurance and pension funding
I90 Real estate Real estate activities
I91 Business activities Other business activities
I92 General government Other individual and collective general government
I93 Health and social work Human health, veterinary and social work activities
I94 Activities/services Education, other services and other activities n.e.c.
I95 Total industry The total of all the industries
I96 Total economy The total for the economy
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 132
Annexure 5 - Key between industry descriptions and SIC-groups
The abbreviated description of industries used in the SU-tables and the corresponding SIC-group codes are shown in table N.
Table N - Key between industry descriptions and SIC - groups
Col. no.
SU-tables descr iption Cor responding SIC (Standard Industrial Classification, fifth edition) - groups
I1 Agriculture 1110, 1120, 1130, 1140, 1150, 1160, 1210, 1220, 1310, 1320
I2 Coal 2100
I3 Gold 2300
I4 Other mining 2210, 2410, 2420, 2510, 2520, 2530, 2900
I5 Meat 3011
I6 Fish 3012
I7 Fruit 3013
I8 Oils 3014
I9 Dairy 3020
I10 Grain mills 3031, 3032
I11 Animal feeds 3033
I12 Bakeries 3041
I13 Sugar 3042
I14 Confectionery 3043
I15 Other food 3044, 3049
I16 Beverages & tobacco 3051, 3052, 3053, 3060
I17 Textiles 3111, 3112
I18 Textile articles 3121
I19 Carpets 3122
I20 Other textiles 3123, 3129
I21 Knitting mills 3130
I22 Wearing apparel 3140, 3150
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 133
Table N - Key between industry descriptions and SIC - groups (continued)
Col. no.
SU-tables descr iption Cor responding SIC (Standard Industrial Classification, fifth edition) - groups
I23 Leather 3161
I24 Handbags 3162
I25 Footwear 3170
I26 Wood 3210, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3229
I27 Paper 3231
I28 Containers of paper 3232
I29 Other paper 3239
I30 Publishing 3241, 3242, 3249, 3251, 3252
I31 Recorded media 3243, 3260
I32 Petroleum 3310, 3321, 3322, 3323, 3324, 3325, 3329, 3330
I33 Basic chemicals 3341
I34 Fertilizers 3342
I35 Primary plastics 3343, 3360
I36 Pesticides 3351
I37 Paints 3352
I38 Pharmaceuticals 3353
I39 Soap 3354
I40 Other chemicals 3359
I41 Tyres 3371
I42 Other rubber 3379
I43 Plastic 3380
I44 Glass 3411
I45 Non-structural ceramics 3421
I46 Structural ceramics 3422, 3423
I47 Cement 3424
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 134
Table N - Key between industry descriptions and SIC - groups (continued)
Col. no.
SU-tables descr iption Cor responding SIC (Standard Industrial Classification, fifth edition) - groups
I48 Other non-metallic 3425, 3426, 3429
I49 Iron and steel 3510, 3531
I50 Non-ferrous metals 3520, 3532
I51 Structural metal 3541, 3542, 3543
I52 Treated metals 3551, 3552
I53 General hardware 3553
I54 Fabricated metal 3559
I55 Engines 3561
I56 Pumps 3562
I57 Gears 3563
I58 Lifting equipment 3565
I59 General machinery 3564, 3569
I60 Agricultural machinery 3571
I61 Machine-tools 3572
I62 Mining machinery 3574
I63 Food machinery 3575
I64 Special machinery 3573, 3576, 3577, 3579
I65 Household appliances 3580
I66 Office machinery 3590
I67 Electric motors 3610
I68 Electricity apparatus 3620
I69 Wire and cable 3630
I70 Accumulators 3640
I71 Lighting equipment 3650
I72 Electrical equipment 3660
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 135
Table N - Key between industry descriptions and SIC - groups (concluded)
Col. no.
SU-tables descr iption Cor responding SIC (Standard Industrial Classification, fifth edition) - groups
I73 Radio and television 3710, 3720, 3730
I74 Optical instruments 3741, 3742, 3743, 3750, 3760
I75 Motor vehicles 3810, 3820
I76 Motor vehicle parts 3830
I77 Other transport 3841, 3842, 3850, 3860, 3871, 3872, 3879
I78 Furniture 3910
I79 Jewellery 3921
I80 Other manufacturing 3922, 3923, 3924, 3929, 3951, 3952
I81 Electricity 4110, 4120, 4130
I82 Water 4200
I83 Buildings 5021, 5024, 5031, 5032, 5033, 5039, 5041, 5049
I84 Other construction. 5010, 5022, 5023, 5050
I85 Trade 6110, 6120, 6130, 6140, 6150, 6190, 6210, 6220, 6230, 6240, 6250, 6260, 6310, 6320, 6330, 6340, 6350
I86 Hotels 6410, 6420
I87 Transport services 7110, 7120, 7130, 7210, 7220, 7300, 7410
I88 Communications 7510, 7520
I89 Insurance 8110, 8190, 8210, 8310, 8320
I90 Real estate 8410, 8420
I91 Business activities 8510, 8520, 8530, 8610, 8620, 8630, 8640, 8650, 8690, 8710, 8720, 8810, 8820, 8830, 8890
I92 General government 9110, 9120, 9130, 9400
I93 Health and social work 9311, 9312, 9319, 9320, 9330
I94 Activities/services 9200, 9500, 9600, 9900, 0200, 0900
I95 Total industry The total of all the industries
I96 Total economy The total for the economy
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 136
Annexure 6 - Description of adjustment items, components of value added and final demand
The description of the adjustment items, components of value added and final demand used in the SU-tables are detailed in table O.
Table O - Descr iption of adjustment items, components of value added and final demand
I tem no.
SU-tables descr iption Detailed descr iption
C1 c.i.f./f.o.b. adjustment Adjustment of detailed imports (valued c.i.f.) to total imports (valued f.o.b.)
D1 Purchases by residents Direct purchases abroad by residents.
D2 Purchases by non-residents Direct purchases in the domestic market by non-residents.
F1 Imports Import of goods and services.
F2 Exports Export of goods and services
F3 Household consumption expenditure
Final consumption expenditure incurred by households
F4 General government consumption expenditure
Final consumption expenditure incurred by general government
F5 Fixed capital formation Gross fixed capital formation
F6 Changes in inventories Changes in inventories
F7 Residual Residual item derived from the goods and services account
V1 Total gross value added / GDP Sum of value added for industries or gross domestic product for the economy.
V2 Compensation of employees Compensation of employees
V3 Taxes less subsidies Taxes less subsidies on production and imports
V4 Taxes on products Taxes on products
V5 Subsidies on products Subsidies on products
V6 Other taxes less subsidies on production
Other taxes on production less subsidies on production
V7 Gross operating surplus / mixed income
Gross operating surplus of industries / Gross mixed income of households
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 137
Annexure 7 - Statistical sources and methods
Table P summarises the most important statistical sources and methods used to compile the 1999 supply and use tables for each industry. Different statistical sources were used to calculate the required levels, e.g. total output, value added and intermediate consumption. The estimation of detailed output and consumption according to commodity, is briefly referred to as well.
Table P - Statistical sources and methods
Industry Statistical sources and methods
Agriculture Periodic Censuses of Agriculture conducted by Stats SA. GDP estimates compiled by the National Department of Agriculture in collaboration with Stats SA. Estimates from censuses and surveys are verified against quarterl y source data collected by the National Department of Agriculture. Estimates include the value of farm produce consumed by farmers for own account.
Input-output tables for Agriculture produced by the Department of Agriculture. These tables were used to determine the structure for agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Forestry Information from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Estimates of growing forests and own-account production are based on a research project conducted by the University of Pretoria.
Fishing Information provided by the Marine Development Branch of the Department of Environmental Affairs and technical periodicals.
Mining Information obtained from the Chamber of Mines, periodic census results published by Stats SA, as well as collections of stores consumed by individual mines.
Detailed information on stores consumed was used to estimate the cost structure of the mines in addition to detailed expenditure items collected through the 1996 Census of Mining. The information from the Minerals Bureau on the sales of minerals was used to verify the output of the mines as obtained from the census.
Manufacturing Censuses of Manufacturing conducted by Stats SA for 1993 and 1996. Information collected from the meat board/abattoirs.
The 1993 and 1996 Manufacturing Censuses were used to tabulate all structural information in the SU-tables. The value added estimates were evaluated against the 1996 Manufacturing Census results and adjusted. Information received on the number of carcasses sold to abattoirs was included. Changes were made to accommodate the import of petroleum products.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 138
Table P - Statistical sources and methods (continued)
Industry Statistical sources and methods
Electricity and water Annual statistics and financial statements obtained from ESKOM, the water boards and local authorities, as well as unpublished information from ESKOM.
Historic input structures were updated from new data sources where possible.
Construction Results from Stats SA’s 1994 Census of Construction are included. Information on gross domestic fixed investment of residential and non-residential buildings compiled by the SARB.
The own-construction of the general government was included in this industry, while the own-construction of all other industries is shown as ancillary production.
Wholesale, retail and motor trade
Periodic Censuses of Wholesale Trade, Commercial Agents and Allied Services; Retail Trade; and Motor Trade and Repair Services, conducted by Stats SA. The results of the above-mentioned censuses for 1993 were incorporated.
The 1993 census was used to tabulate all structural information in both the supply and use tables.
Hotels and restaurants Periodic Censuses of Catering and Accommodation Services and Licensed Restaurants, conducted by Stats SA were used. The results of the 1995 Census of Accommodation Services and the 1992 Census of Restaurants were included.
Historic input structures were updated from new data sources where possible.
Transport and communication
Financial reports and unpublished information of Transnet. Private transport benchmark estimates are obtained from Censuses of Transport and Allied Services conducted by Stats SA. Information from the government garage, local authorities and individual studies, e.g. the TRANSPORTEK study on the taxi industry and Stats SA household surveys.
Information on the output of the industry, as well as its cost structures, was used to estimate the relevant components in the SU-tables framework.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 139
Table P - Statistical sources and methods (continued)
Industry Statistical sources and methods
Financial intermediation and insurance
Annual and quarterl y surveys conducted by the SARB among the various institutions in the private sector and information reported by public authorities and public corporations. Sample survey of large institutions in the banking and insurance industry.
FSIM is calculated as a separate cost item for each industry in line with the recommendations of 1993 SNA. This approach di ffers from the previous national accounts and input-output table practice, which treated these services as a negative nominal sector.
Real estate (including imputed rent on residential buildings) and business services
Censuses of Business Services and the 1996 Population Census.
Historic input structures were updated from new data sources where possible.
Other private services Censuses of Social Services. Results from the 1994 Censuses of Health were included.
Historic input structures were updated from new data sources where possible.
General government services Government Financial Statistics (GFS) and Basic Accounting System (BAS) data of Stats SA, information from SARB, and annual reports from Local Government Authorities.
The intermediate consumption expenditure of the general government was derived through the classification of detailed expenditure by different government departments, provincial governments and local government authorities.
Private consumption expenditure
The household survey on Income and Expenditure of Households (1995) of Stats SA; information from the Bureau of Market Research and SARB.
Expenditure patterns of households are based on different data sources as well as historical trends.
Government consumption expenditure
Government Financial Statistics (GFS) and Basic Accounting System (BAS) data published by Stats SA, information from SARB.
The final consumption expenditure of general government is divided according to expenditure on collective services and individual goods and services.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 140
Table P - Statistical sources and methods (concluded)
Industry Statistical sources and methods
Gross fixed capital formation
Information contained in various economic censuses, estimates of fixed capital formation published by SARB, construction activities of the general government published by Stats SA, information on imported and exported capital goods.
The gross fixed capital formation by type of product is estimated through the commodity flow approach. These results are evaluated against estimates obtained from various other models.
Changes in inventories Information contained in various economic censuses, estimates of changes in inventories published by SARB.
The changes in inventories for raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods were estimated separately according to type of product for each industry. The valuation adjustments were not done with a price index for each product, but rather through a proportional adjustment across all industries of the total valuation adjustment received from SARB.
Imports Detailed trade statistics from the Department of Customs and Excise and information from SARB.
Detailed information on imports was reclassified from the Harmonised Commodity Classification System to the level of detail required in the SU-tables. The adjustment of c.i.f. and f.o.b. was based on information from both sources.
Exports Detailed trade statistics from the Department of Customs and Excise and information from SARB.
Detailed information on exports was reclassified from the Harmonised Commodity Classification System to the level of detail required in the SU-tables.
Taxes and subsidies on production and imports
Information contained in various economic censuses, Auditor-General reports, the South African National Budget, the Economic and Functional Classification of the Expenditure of General Government and the Department of Trade and Industry.
Trade and transport margins
Periodic Censuses of Wholesale Trade, Commercial Agents and Allied Services; Retail Trade; Motor Trade and Repair Services; and Transport and All ied Services published by Stats SA, as well as information obtained from Transnet
Direct purchases abroad (in domestic market) by (non-) residents
Unpublished information from SARB.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 141
Glossary
Ancillary activity An ancillary activity is a supporting activity undertaken to create the conditions within which the activities of an enterprise are carried out.
Balancing item A balancing item is an accounting construct obtained by subtracting the total value of the entries on one side of an account from the total value of the entries on the other side. Balancing items are not simply devices introduced by the 1993 SNA to ensure that accounts balance. They encapsulate a great deal of information and include some of the most important entries in the accounts, for example value added and operating surplus.
Basic pr ice The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any tax payable plus any subsidy receivable on that unit as a consequence of its production or sale. Basic prices exclude any transport charges invoiced separately by the producer. Basic price is the preferred method of valuing output.
Commodity flow method The commodity flow method is used to track the flow of goods and services from the supply (domestic production or imported) to the use (intermediate consumption, final consumption or exports) thereof.
Compensation of employees Compensation of employees is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. It is recorded on a gross basis, i.e. before any deduction for income taxes, pensions, unemployment insurance and other social insurance schemes. It also includes other forms of compensation, namely commissions, tips, bonuses, directors’ fees and allowances such as those for holidays and sick leave, as well as military pay and allowances. It excludes employers’ social contributions.
Cost, insurance and freight pr ice
The cost, insurance and freight price (c.i.f.) is the price of a good delivered at the frontier of the importing country, or the price of a service delivered to a resident, before payment of any import duties or other taxes on imports or trade and transport margins within the country.
Enterpr ise An enterprise may be a corporation (a quasi-corporate enterprise is treated as if it is a corporation in the 1993 SNA), a non-profit institution or an unincorporated enterprise. Corporate enterprises and non-profit institutions are complete institutional units. An unincorporated enterprise, however, refers to an institutional unit - a household or government unit - only in its capacity as a producer of goods and services. It covers only those activities of the unit which are directed towards the production of goods and services.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 142
Establishment An establishment is defined as an enterprise, or part of an enterprise, that is situated at a single location and in which only a single (non-ancillary) productive activity is carried out or in which the principal productive activity accounts for most of the value added.
Factor cost Factor cost is a valuation concept reflecting the cost of the factors of production (labour and capital). It corresponds to the value remaining after all applicable taxes and subsidies have been deducted from market prices.
Final demand Different components of final demand are distinguished in the SU-tables. The supply table shows imports and the use table shows final consumption expenditure by households and the general government as well as gross capital formation (gross fixed capital formation and changes in inventories) and exports.
Financial services indirectly measured
Financial services indirectly measured (FSIM) are measured in the SNA as the total property income receivable by financial intermediaries minus their total interest payable, excluding the value of any property income receivable from the investment of their own funds. Therefore, income does not arise from financial intermediation.
Free on board price The free on board price (f.o.b.) is the purchaser’s price paid by an importer taking delivery of goods at the exporter’s frontier after loading on to a carrier and after payment of any export taxes or the receipt of any tax rebates.
GDP at market pr ices GDP at market prices equals total gross value added at basic prices plus taxes on products minus subsidies on products.
GDP for the economy GDP for the entire economy is equal to GDP at market prices. It is essentially a production measure as it is obtained through the sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units, in their capacity as producers, plus the values of any taxes, less subsidies, on production or imports not already included in the values of the outputs and values added by resident producers.
Generation of income account
The generation of income account provides for the distribution of primary incomes to the various institutional sectors. Primary incomes are incomes that accrue to institutional sectors and industries as a consequence of their involvement in processes of production or ownership of assets that may be needed for purposes of production.
Goods and services account The goods and services account shows the total resources (output and imports) and uses of goods and services (intermediate consumption, final consumption, gross capital formation and exports). Taxes on products (less subsidies) are also included on the resource side of the accounts.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 143
Gross operating surplus/Mixed income
Gross operating surplus or mixed income is the balancing item in the generation of income account, i.e. the value added minus compensation of employees payable minus taxes on production payable plus subsidies receivable.
Gross value added at basic pr ices
Gross value added at basic prices is defined as output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices.
Gross value added at producer’ s pr ices
Gross value added at producers’ prices is defined as output valued at producers’ prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices.
Homogeneous production A unit of homogeneous production is defined as a producer unit in which only a single (non-ancillary) productive activity is carried out.
Industr ies Industries consist of groups of establishments engaged in the same or similar kinds of activity. The definition of industries are based on the 1993 SNA and is in line with that contained in the Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities, Fifth Edition, Report No. 09-90-02 of January 1993 (SIC).
Institutional unit An institutional unit is an economic entity that is capable, in its own right, of owning assets, incurring liabilities and engaging in economic activities and in transactions with other entities.
Intermediate consumption Intermediate consumption consists of the value of the goods and services consumed as inputs by a process of production, excluding fixed assets. Consumption of fixed assets is recorded as consumption of fixed capital.
Other taxes on production Other taxes on production consist of taxes on the ownership of land, buildings or other assets used in production or on labour employed, etc. Important examples of other taxes on production are taxes on payroll or work force, business or professional licenses.
Output Output consists of those goods or services that are produced within an establishment that become available for use outside the establishment, plus any goods and services produced for own final use.
Primary industries The primary industries include the agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining and quarrying industries.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 144
Principal activity The principal activity of an establishment is the activity whose
gross value added exceeds that of any other activity carried out within the same unit.
Producers’ pr ice The producer’ s price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any VAT, or similar deductible tax, invoiced to the purchaser. It excludes any transport charges invoiced separately by the producer.
Production account for the total economy
The production account is the first in the sequence of accounts compiled for institutional sectors, industries and the total economy. The production account contains three items apart from the balancing item namely output, intermediate consumption and taxes less subsidies on products. The output is recorded under resources on the right-hand side of the account. Intermediate consumption and taxes less subsidies on products is recorded under uses on the left-hand side of the account.
Production boundary The general production boundary is defined as an economic activity (or production) carried out under the control and responsibility of an institutional unit that uses inputs of labour, capital, and goods and services to produce output of goods and services. The production boundary in the 1993 SNA is more restricted than the general production boundary due to the production accounts not being compiled for household activities that produce domestic or personal services for own final consumption within the same household, except for services produced by paid domestic staff.
Purchasers’ pr ice The purchaser’s price is the amount paid by the purchaser, excluding any deductible VAT or similar deductible tax, in order to take delivery of a unit of a good or service at the time and place required by the purchaser. The purchaser’s price of a good includes any transport charges paid separately by the purchaser to take delivery at the required time and place.
Secondary activity A secondary activity is an activity carried out within a single establishment in addition to the principal activity.
Secondary industr ies The secondary industries include the manufacturing, electricity, gas, water and construction industries.
Square A matrix is square when it has an equal number of columns and rows.
Other subsidies on production
Subsidies are transfers from the government to the business sector toward current cost of production. These transfers represent additions to the income of producers from current production.
Subsidies on products Subsidies on products are payable per unit of a good or service.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 145
Supply and use tables The SU-tables are sometimes referred to as rectangular input-
output tables, make and use tables, supply and disposition of commodities tables.
Supply table The supply table gives information about the resources of goods and services.
Symmetric Symmetric tables use similar classifications or units, i.e. same groups of products for both the rows and the columns.
System of National Accounts
System of National Accounts refers to an internationally agreed standard system for macro-economic accounts. The latest version is described in the 1993 System of National Accounts (1993 SNA).
Taxes on income Taxes on income consist of taxes on incomes, profits and capital gains. They are assessed on the actual or presumed incomes of individuals, households, non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH) or corporations. They include taxes assessed on holdings of property, land or real estate when these holdings are used as a basis for estimating the income of their owners.
Taxes on production and imports
Taxes on production and imports are taxes which add to the cost of production and are likely to be reflected in market prices paid by the purchaser, such as sales and excise taxes, import duties and property taxes. Taxes on production and imports include taxes on products and other taxes on production.
Taxes on products Taxes on products consist of taxes payable on goods and services when they are produced, delivered, sold or otherwise disposed of by their producers. Furthermore, they are payable per unit of a good or service produced. Important examples of taxes on products are excise and import duties and VAT.
Tertiary industries Tertiary industries include wholesale and retail trade and motor trade; catering and accommodation; transport and communication; finance, real estate and business services; community, social and personal services; general government services; and other producers.
Use Table The use table gives information on the uses of goods and services, and also on cost structures of the industries.
Value added components The use table distinguishes three di fferent components of value added, i.e. compensation of employees, other taxes less subsidies on production and gross operating surplus/mixed income.
Value added by industry Value added measures the value created by production and may be calculated either before or after deducting the consumption of fixed capital on the fixed assets used. Gross value added is defined as the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption. Value added is the balancing item in the production account for an institutional unit or sector, or establishment or industry.
Report No. 04-04-01 (1999) 146
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Stats SA has copyright on this publication. Users may apply the information as they wish, provided that they acknowledge Stats SA as the source of the basic data wherever they process, apply, utilise, publish or distribute the data: and also that they specify that the relevant application and analysis (where applicable) result from their own processing of the data.
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Produced by Stats SA
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2 38 � 3 � �7 8 1 5 4 28 3 �3 48 6 7 � 18 3 6 � 18 2 3 5 1 68 3 �7 68 � 5 7 � �8 � �� 1 48 � �6 � �18 � � � 1 �8 5 �� 5 68 4 � 4 �38 4 �7 � � 68 � � � 4 38 �7 2 2 68 2 2 7 � 4 68 1 �1 1 58 4 � 4 � �8 2 6 4 �8 �3 �8 � 3 2
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