"Strengthening Fisheries Management in
ACP Countries"
Project Funded by the European Union
“This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of SOFRECO and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.”
“The content of this document does not necessarily reflect the views of the concerned governments.”
Final Technical Report
Regional Training on Promoting Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Reference: EA-1.5-B6/REL
Region: East Africa
Countries: Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda
December 2013
Project implemented by
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 2/18
Table of Contents
1 Background .........................................................................................................5
2 Approach to the assignment ..............................................................................6
3 Comments on the Terms of Reference ..............................................................8
4 Organisation and Methodology ..........................................................................9
4.1 DELIVERY OF TERMS OF REFERENCE .............................................................. 9 4.2 CONDUCT AND DETAILS OF THE ASSIGNMENT INCLUDING VISIBILITY ACTIVITIES 11
4.2.1 Phase 1 Inception, 1st Input – Research and consultation ....................................... 11
4.2.2 Phase 1, 2nd
Input – Main criteria defined by KEs to be considered when selecting
potential FOs for development of commercial aquaculture. ................................... 13 4.2.3 Phase 1, 6
th input – Definition of focal points and ARWG Members ...................... 13
4.2.4 Phase 1, 6th Input – Working Plan and timetable of activities ................................ 13
4.2.5 Phase 1, 4th input – Training need Assessment Methodology and Findings ........... 13
4.2.6 Phase 1, 5th Input – Training Needs Assessment and Module Development workshop
................................................................................................................................. 14 4.2.7 Phase 1, 7
th Input – Training Modules .................................................................... 15
4.2.8 Phase 1, 8th Input – Training Modules pilot testing ................................................ 15
4.2.9 Phase 1, 9th Input – Training Workshop Schedule .................................................. 15
4.2.10 Phase 2, 10th
input – Workshop Efficient commercial aquaculture production systems
and practices. .......................................................................................................... 15 4.2.11 Phase 2, 11
th Input – Workshop on Marketing Strategies for profitable commercial
aquaculture development ........................................................................................ 16 4.2.12 Phase 2, 12
th Input – Workshop on Business skills for successful commercial
aquaculture development ........................................................................................ 16 4.2.13 Phase 2, 13
th Input – Troubleshooting matrix ......................................................... 16
4.2.14 Phase 2, 14th
Input, Certificate of attendance ......................................................... 16
5 Conclusions and Recommendations .............................................................. 16
6 Annexes ............................................................................................................. 18
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 3/18
Abbreviations and Acronyms
ACP Africa, Caribbean and Pacific states
ANAF Aquaculture Network for Africa
ARWG Aquaculture Regional Working Group
COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
CU Coordination Unit of ACP Fish 2 (based in Brussels)
EA Eastern Africa
EIAR Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research
FA Fisheries Administration
FPMC Fish Production and Marketing Corporation
FTR Final Technical Report
KE Key Expert
LTA Lake Tanganyika Authority
LVFO Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation
MoA Ministry of Agriculture
MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
NGO Non Governmental Organisation
RFBs Regional Fisheries Bodies
SOP Standard Operational Procedures
SS South Sudan
TNA Training Needs Assessment
ToR Terms of Reference
TT Technical Team
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 4/18
Executive Summary
This assignment was intended to enhance the knowledge and skills of government officers
supporting the commercial aquaculture subsector. In particular helped to build the capacities
of the ARWG in development of training modules through a Training Needs Assessment
(TNA), and then an on-the-job component in module development and delivery of training in
which they will be able to apply their new-found skills under the tutoring of the KEs.
The assignment was organised in two phases: The Inception Phase; and the Implementation
Phase.
First, the Inception Phase consisted of the TNA and training module development. For the
TNA the KEs consulted with key stakeholders (from the Fisheries Administrations, Research
Institutes and key actors along the value chain) in Burundi, Rwanda, South Sudan and
Ethiopia. The 4 selected ARWG members assisted in providing the necessary information for
the TNA covering LVFO Partner States (Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda). The training module
development workshop lasted 7 days and involved 4 ARWG members — one from each of
the LVFO Partner States and one from LVFO Secretariat. Private sector representatives were
closely involved during the TNA stage to identify areas of interest, thereby ensuring the
appropriateness of the modules and sessions suggested. During this workshop the Team of
Experts and ARWG members compiled the results of the TNA and developed the draft
module, while ARWG members were trained and mentored in training methods and adult
learning techniques.
Second, the Implementation Phase was the main focus and involved the training of 18
nominated Fisheries Officers (by the Fisheries Administration in collaboration with the RFU-
EA), 3 each from Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda and South Sudan and 2 each from Kenya,
Tanzania and Uganda, as well as the above-mentioned 4 ARWG members. The training
workshop lasted 5 days. The training laid emphasis on the analysis of the aquaculture value
chain and identification of main opportunities and constraints (technical constraints,
regulatory framework, marketing, support services, socio-economic factors, business
management, etc.). The training further provided skills on the role of the public sector in
developing measures to address the main constraints. During this training event, the ARWG
were supported and mentored in application of skills acquired in the previous stage. In order
to maximise learning, the KEs used adult learning techniques and laid as much emphasis as
possible on practical training, including exercises and field visits to nearby commercial fish
farms, key speakers, case studies, troubleshooting matrix, presentations, etc.
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 5/18
1 Background
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food production sub-sectors in the world, now
contributing an estimated 50% of global supply of aquatic products. However, in East Africa
aquaculture is still in an embryonic state, having limited impact on regional fish supply in
spite of a rapidly growing gap where capture fisheries can no longer meet the needs of the
burgeoning population.
At present in East Africa, aquaculture is largely practiced at subsistence or small-scale level,
and most fishponds have remained unproductive due to poor management and lack of
adequate support in terms of provision of extension, guidance and quality inputs (seeds and
feeds). Several of these fishponds have been abandoned as a result. On the other hand, with a
few exceptions (in Kenya and Uganda in particular) commercial aquaculture is yet to be
established in most of these countries. However, a number of studies and project proposals
(e.g. in Uganda) have revealed the huge potential and challenges of moving from subsistence
to full-fledged commercial industry.
Despite its potential, long history, policy pronouncements and emphasis, there are still a host
of constraints and challenges hindering aquaculture growth and development in the target
countries, the most important of which are:
Lack of comprehensive policy and legislation for aquaculture;
Weak institutional capacity and technical support in terms of provision of basic
infrastructure, research, demonstration and extension services;
Lack of adequate inputs and facilities (fingerlings, feeds, cold chain, transport and
power);
Inadequate entrepreneurship and business-oriented skills by farmers and other
stakeholders;
Inadequate market information and very limited access to markets and credit;
Low government budget and funding and low investment by private sector;
Poor yields and returns on investment (due to poor management and absence of
established marketing mechanisms and adequate infrastructure).
All these issues could be addressed and effectively reduced at the regional level with the
cooperation and commitment of Member States. This assignment followed the shift in the
support emphasis to the sector and aimed to improve the quality of support to facilitate both
the transformation of the subsistence operators to small and medium enterprises whilst also
facilitating the establishment of commercial scale operations in aquaculture. The purpose of
this assignment was to build the capacities of Fisheries Administrations by equipping them
with regulatory and management skills and instruments required for the promotion of the
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 6/18
commercial aquaculture sector. It was expected that the participants would learn to assess the
aquaculture industry value chain and identify the main opportunities and constraints (technical
constraints, regulatory framework, marketing, support services, socio-economic factors, etc.).
Additionally, it further provided skills on the role of the public sector in developing measures
to address the main constraints and take advantage of those opportunities. KEs provided
training modules designed to promote commercial aquaculture management and development,
enabling the extension officers to apply its principles and strategies to their own regions.
This project was implemented by the consulting firm Société Française de Réalisation
d’Études et de Conseil (SOFRECO) with support from the Lake Victoria Fisheries
Organisation (LVFO) and their respective members of the Aquaculture Regional Working
Group (ARWG). The two Key Experts (KEs) from SOFRECO were Dr Adrian G. Hartley
(AH) and Mr Prosper Kiyuku (PK).
The following results were completed by SOFRECO in reference to the assignment:
A Training Needs Assessment (TNA) on commercial aquaculture management and
development was conducted with the Target Groups;
Training Modules on commercial aquaculture management and development were
produced;
Eighteen (18) nominated Fisheries Officers from the seven target countries were trained in
the methodologies and techniques on creating conducive environments for commercial
aquaculture to properly perform;
On-the-job training of selected 4 ARWG members during TNA, module development and
delivery was conducted;
2 Approach to the assignment
This assignment was organised in two phases: The Inception Phase and the Implementation
Phase. The Inception Phase was conducted between the 14th
of August and 16th
of September
2013 (Annex 1). During this time the Key Experts (KE) worked in Jinja, Uganda as well as
their respective non-LVFO countries during the TNA.
During phase I, the KEs held a briefing with ACP Fish II and LVFO to establish the
communication channels with ACP Fish II, LVFO, ARWG and Beneficiary countries FA.
The TORs, project objectives and expected results were also clarified, and an agreement on
logistical arrangements made.
Additionally, the KEs carried out consultations, collected and reviewed relevant documents
mainly based on national and regional data provided by the AWRG, the FAs, Regional
Fisheries Bodies (RFB) and other key stakeholders, in relation to existing fisheries &
aquaculture policies and strategies, laws and legislations, aquaculture development projects
and reports. Key visits and discussions were held with the LVFO Senior Fisheries
Management Officer and Senior Research Officers at the Kajjansi Aquaculture Research and
Development Centre during the first week. The inception report was produced during project
phase I (Annex I).
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 7/18
At the next stage, the KEs defined, planned and executed the Training Need Assessment
(TNA) in Burundi, Rwanda, Ethiopia, and South Sudan, through consultations, interviews,
practical field visits and participatory approach with FAs, Research Institutes, and other key
Value Chain actors. The defined daily working plan and the TNA methodology and
questionnaires are described in Annexes II and III respectively. Capacity building was
conducted: ARWG members were guided by KEs on collection of necessary information for
the TNA in their respective countries (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda).
After finalizing the TNA fieldwork, a workshop was organised with ARWG representatives to
define the TNAs findings in all 7 participating countries (Annex III) and define the training
modules for the development of “Commercial Aquaculture Development and Management”
(Annex IV). Subsequently, the Training modules were pilot tested locally. Following the
workshop, the Training modules were finalized and the Interim Technical report was
submitted (Annex V).
During Phase II, The training workshop on “Commercial Aquaculture Development and
Management” was held and attended by the KEs and the selected members, including 18 FOs
and 4 ARWGs (Annex VI) between 23-27/09/13. The Training workshop focused on three
main areas for training needs:
i. Efficient Commercial Aquaculture Production Systems and Practices (Annex VII);
ii. Marketing Strategies for Profitable Commercial Aquaculture Development (Annex
VIII);
iii. Business Management Skills for Successful Commercial Aquaculture Development
(Annex IX).
The training program is described in Annex X, which was based on a series of theoretical
courses, key guest speakers and field trips to key facilities of the industry, covering the three
main subject areas of training. Each participating country representatives provided a small
presentation on the status in their country of each one of these subject areas of training, to
share, allow a holistic understanding of commercial aquaculture development and status of the
7 participating countries and learn from each other (Annex XI).
Under the first subject area for training titled, efficient production techniques, the key subjects
covered included; commercial aquaculture production principles and technologies, efficient
production techniques and management and harvesting and processing. There were key guest
speakers and field trips which included; visits to the largest tilapia farm in the region (SON
fish farm), a catfish demonstration hatchery, the main feed manufacturer of the region (Uga
Chick), LVFO headquarters and a speaker from one of the most representative research and
development institution in the region (Kajjansi Aquaculture Research Centre).
The second main subject of training was marketing techniques, whereby the key areas covered
included; marketing principles for aquaculture, sources of aquatic products in the region,
marketing chain, market behaviour, marketing strategies and marketing tools. Again there
were Key Guest Speakers and a field trip which included; visits to one of the most active
processing plants in the region, and a presentation from a wholesale trader of farmed tilapia
from the region.
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 8/18
For the third subject area of training, business skills, the key subjects covered included;
principles to business management for commercial aquaculture, start-up considerations,
business plan, information requirements, economic and financial skills, business strategies
financing and ethics in sustainable businesses management. A troubleshooting matrix was
developed as a tool (Annex XII), enabling the extension officers to find the best solutions or
courses of action to help develop commercial aquaculture.
3 Comments on the Terms of Reference
During the inception phase, the Key Experts team discussed the Terms of Reference of the
project with the ACP FISH II Regional Manager, and LVFO. The main observations on the
Terms of Reference (ToRs) and their clarification for the project implementation are:
a) It was highlighted that poor development in commercial aquaculture was not only due
to the lack of understanding of the commercial side of the business, but also the lack
of proper training of extension officers and industry stakeholders. These two factors
play a major role in the design of the training program.
b) Information available in the 7 Countries in relation to their aquaculture status is not
always up to date and/or reliable; therefore some assumptions, cross-references and
exemptions would have to be made. Also there is a need to update related programmes
involved in development of aquaculture. A good help would be to collect information
through local research institutes and development and research programmes from
foreign institutions (Israel, China, USA, EU, etc.).
c) It is important to clarify and be clear that the main focus of the project is to develop
commercial aquaculture only.
d) It was mentioned that the KEs would assist in the selection criteria of the targeted
group of potential trainees’ fisheries officers (FOs). Main criteria defined by KEs to be
consider when selecting potential FOs is described in Annex I.
e) There were discussions on the potential insecurity in any of the participating countries,
resulting in difficulty or high risk in accessing some areas. This situation could put the
KEs at risk and/or limit its ability to gather relevant information and carry out field
visits, eventually reducing the scope of the assignment, increasing its duration or the
number of experts. To minimise this risk the Team of Experts will constantly liaise
with the concerned FAs and Governments before moving to the intended area.
f) Logistics issues to organise the workshop were discussed, highlighting the need to
define the number of workshops needed, number of participants, length and type of
workshops.
g) It was ratified the trips that each KE would do during the TNA, with AH covering
South Sudan and Ethiopia, whereas PK would cover Rwanda and Burundi.
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 9/18
h) It was agreed that the LVFO would assist in some of the planning, organization and
logistics tasks of the workshops and training program.
i) It was made clear that working days for KE could be rearranged within the working
plan depending on field requirements without exceeding the length of time allowance.
4 Organisation and Methodology
4.1 Delivery of Terms of Reference
Terms of reference
(each of the key activities
from the ToR)
How delivered through the assignment (has it been
done)? Or how has it been met? – as a clear basis for
evaluation – summary text only as details will be
included in other parts of the report)
Phase 1 Activities
1 Briefing by the ACP Fish
II and LVFO
Took place in Jinja, Uganda on the 14/08/2013. The
KEs held a briefing with ACP Fish II Regional Manager
and LVFO representatives to establish the
communication channels with ACP Fish II, LVFO,
ARWG and Beneficiary countries FA.
2 Collect and review
relevant documents
KEs carried out consultations, collected and reviewed
relevant documents mainly based on national and
regional data provided by the AWRG, the FAs,
Regional Fisheries Bodies (RFB) and other key
stakeholders, in relation to existing fisheries &
aquaculture policies and strategies, laws and
legislations, aquaculture development projects and
reports. Key visits and discussions were held with
LVFO Senior Fisheries management officer and senior
research officers at the Kajansi Aquaculture Research
and Development Centre during the first week
3 Conduct Training Needs
Assessment (TNA)
through consultations in
Burundi, Rwanda,
Ethiopia and South Sudan
Definition, planning and execution of the Training Need
Assessment (TNA) in Burundi, Rwanda, Ethiopia,
South Sudan, was done through consultations,
interviews, practical field visits and participatory
approach with FAs, Research Institutes, and other key
Value Chain actors. TNA findings are summarised in
Annex III.
4 Guide the ARWG in their
respective countries
(Kenya, Tanzania and
Uganda) in the
collection of information
necessary for the TNA;
At the same time, ARWG were guided by KEs in their
respective countries (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) for
the collection of information necessary for the TNA.
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 10/18
5 Organise and facilitate
the TNA and training
module development
workshop (5 days,
4 ARWG members) for
“Commercial
Aquaculture
Development and
Management”
the training modules
developed will
include detailed learning
outcomes;
The TNA and Module Development workshop with the
participation of the 3 ARWG members and one LVFO
representative, was held at LVFO premises in Jinja,
Uganda between 29/08/13 and 02/09/13. Detailed work
plan for the workshop is presented in Annex IV.
The workshop were organised in 2 sections, a) TNA and
b) Training Modules Development. Both requiring the
assistance and presence of the ARWG members and
LVFO representative. For the former section of the
workshop, TNA findings, experiences and constraints
were discussed and defined, information that was
employed during the second stage of the workshop for
the training modules development. Additionally, a set of
field trips and key speakers were organised during this
first stage of the workshop to enhance the
appropriateness and relevance of the learning material
required for the training modules. After completion of
TNA, all relevant material required to work on the
modules development for “the regional training
program on commercial aquaculture management and
development” was made available.
6 In consultation with the
ARWG, pilot test
“Supporting commercial
aquaculture
management and
development” training
module.
Pilot testing of the modules was done in two ways, first
by testing the ability of an independent extension officer
(based in Uganda) to assess the status and constraints of
case-study pond farm located near Entebbe, Uganda,
and provide the appropriate advice and guidance for
efficient aquaculture development. Secondly, by testing
the suitability and feasibility of the advice with the farm
manager/owner at the described farm and assess the
likelihood of the advice to be followed.
The feedback from the pilot-test revealed that although
the extension of the training modules seemed somehow
extensive and sometimes technical and/or complicated,
the content and the extend of the subjects covered
proved to be useful and appropriate to address the issues
that a potential commercial aquaculture business might
encounter and many times and not considered, in
particular, employment of efficient production
technologies and practices, as well as the best marketing
strategies for profit maximisation and efficient business
skills to help reduce risks and reassure sustainable and
long lasting development of the venture.
Phase II Activities
7 Make all the logistical
arrangements to complete
the training itself
The KEs were successful to organise the main training
workshop, bringing 22 participants from 7 countries
(Annex VI), taking care of the logistics,
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 11/18
(including invite
participants, arrange
travel, book and pay for
flights and vehicles for
participants as
necessary, training venue
costs, provision of
interpretation services
English/French, and
field visit);
accommodation, traveling, food, venue arrangements,
stationary, lectures, key speakers, field trips, payments,
etc.
KEs provided a list of the participants to be contacted
and invitation letters sent by ACP Fish II regional
coordinator.
8 Conduct the training for
the nominated 18
Fisheries Officers and 4
ARWG members
The training workshop was organised at Central Inn, in
Entebbe, Uganda between 23-27/09/2013.
Training workshop included lectures, key speakers and
field trips.
All aspects of the training stated in the Terms of
Reference were accomplished.
9 Develop formats for
monitoring performance
of participants after the
training and provide
the monitoring frame (to
be used by the LVFO and
Fisheries Administrations
after
completion of the
assignments)
Each participant was given a training evaluation form in
which they provided feedback.
10 Evaluate the training A summary evaluation of the training program is
provided below.
11 Prepare final project
documentation and
Trainer’s Manual
Training manual includes Annexes VII, VIII, IX and
XII
4.2 Conduct and details of the assignment including visibility activities
4.2.1 Phase 1 Inception, 1st Input – Research and consultation
The following initial consultations were conducted related to Commercial Aquaculture
Development and Management in East Africa. The date of meetings or document publications
are described in Parenthesis.
1) LVFO - ACP Fish II – KEs meeting (14/08/13). Revision and discussion of ToRs and
potential planning issues.
2) Aquaculture Research & Development Centre Kajjansi. Dr Dismas Mbabazi, Dr
OworiWadunde, Dr Namulawa Victoria & Ondhoro Constantine (16/08/13).
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 12/18
Meeting held with KEs to learn and discuss about any issues related to commercial
aquaculture development. Main topics discussed were the status of commercial aquaculture in
Uganda and East Africa, main constraints of commercial aquaculture development, past,
recent and future research projects, main areas of research and involvement with extension
officers and other institutions/stakeholders related to the industry.
3) Regional Aquaculture Strategy and Investment Plan (Document) (2009), investment
program elaborated to establish an enabling environment for the expansion of
commercial aquaculture, building on the coordinating capacity of LVFO. Guiding KEs
on current efforts on commercial aquaculture development in the region.
4) Aquaculture Research and Development for the Lake Victoria Basin Project
(Document)(2004). Aiming to develop aquaculture in the Lake Victoria basin as a
means of increasing fish production in the basin and reducing pressure on wild stocks
which were showing signs of over-exploitation. Providing insight of recent efforts to
promote farming in large water bodies.
5) Meeting with DG of Animal Resources and Fisheries Department at the Ministry of
Agriculture in South Sudan (SS), (Sarafino Aloma) (19-21/08/13). Introduction and
description of the actual status of aquaculture and fisheries in SS, its constraints and
potential. Courtesy meetings with the Under Secretary of Animal Resources and
Fisheries, DG Projects Development Coordination, DG of some State Fisheries
Departments, Fisheries Extension Officers, and market stakeholders (wholesale market
of dry fish). Highlights of these meetings were the negligible development level of
aquaculture in the country, due to known political, financial and social issues. There is
huge potential for development due to its available resources (water, land, climate,
labour, etc.) but requires great support from policy makers, financial institutions and
research and development institutes to bring the adequate know how. Also a major
constraint is the lack of domestic supply of most inputs (e.g. fingerlings, feed,
equipment, etc.) and the lack of a proper marketing and/or cold chain to trade fresh
products.
6) Meeting with FAO Fishery Development Officer in SS (William)(20/08/13).
Description and discussions of FAOs involvement in aquaculture development in the
region. Identifying main constraints and potentials. This NGO has been actively
involved in the few projects available in the country and is working very close along
governmental institutions.
7) Meeting with the Federal Fishery Development Department of Ethiopia (Hussein
Abegaz) (22-23/08/13). Introduction and description of the actual situation of the
aquaculture and fishery industries in Ethiopia. Highlighting its constraints and
potentials. Similar to SS, Ethiopia’s aquaculture industry is extremely undeveloped
with only a few scattered projects along the country. In contrast with SS, Ethiopia is a
stable country with political and financial will to promote any agri-industry. However,
similar to SS the status is as follows;, lack of experienced producers/developers and
the required know how for commercial aquaculture,, lack of suppliers of inputs for its
development (e.g. fingerlings, feed, equipment, etc.),its marketing chain is
undeveloped and trading is mainly in frozen products.
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 13/18
8) Visits to fish traders in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (24/08/2013)which confirmed the low
level of development of the marketing chain in the country, as there was only one
major wholesaler/distributor, run by the government, with poor availability of
products, very little variety of species and presentations (only frozen fillets (small
size) available), with low quality standards and high prices. Nevertheless,
supermarkets seemed to be keen to offer fish products of quality, as out of 4 different
chains visited, 3 were offering fish (frozen only). Price difference between the
wholesaler and retailer (supermarket) was 30% (apart from one which was much
higher), which is typical within the marketing chain in many other countries. Demand
of fish compared to other meat products is much lower, understandably common
amongst landlocked countries.
4.2.2 Phase 1, 2nd
Input – Main criteria defined by KEs to be considered when
selecting potential FOs for development of commercial aquaculture.
The KEs assisted in the selection criteria of the targeted group of potential trainees’ fisheries
officers (FOs). Main criteria defined by KEs to be consider when selecting potential FOs is
described below:
i. Relevant experience in commercial aquaculture.
ii. Availability to travel and consult/train producers.
iii. Polite and patient personality.
iv. Medium level of education to be able to explain clearly technical issues.
v. Proper knowledge transfer skills, e.g. how to approach people of different background
and attitudes towards support, knowledge of appropriate usage of didactic material, etc.
vi. Understanding the relevance of participatory approach for efficient training.
4.2.3 Phase 1, 6th
input – Definition of focal points and ARWG Members
A list of Focal points and ARWG members was provided by ACP Fish II Regional
coordinator together with LVFO representatives (Annex XIV).
4.2.4 Phase 1, 6th
Input – Working Plan and timetable of activities
The project was developed in two phases: phase I related to the preparation and information
compilation, workshops and training modules development, and phase II for the actual
implementation of the Training of Trainers course. Detailed activities and the timelines are
presented in Annexes II.
4.2.5 Phase 1, 4th
input – Training need Assessment Methodology and Findings
After the consultation period and in collaboration with ARWG, to build the capacities of the
ARWG in development of training modules, the definition, planning and execution of the
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 14/18
Training Need Assessment (TNA) (Annex XIII) in Burundi, Rwanda, Ethiopia, South Sudan
was carried. This was done through consultations, interviews, practical field visits and
participatory approach with FAs, Research Institutes, and other key Value Chain actors.
Key findings of the TNA were classified in various areas of interest for training modules
development:
• The main opportunities to promote aquaculture in the region.
• The major constraints that prevented the proper development of aquaculture.
• The key training needs for extension officers to develop commercial aquaculture in the
region.
• The key development programs, institutions and stakeholders involved in the
development of commercial aquaculture.
• The main techniques or strategies followed to extend knowledge for commercial
aquaculture development.
• Main strategies to mitigate perceived risks on aquaculture ventures.
According to the TNA findings, it was clear the apparent potential of commercial aquaculture
development in the East African Region due to the immense water resources, favourable
climatic conditions, and huge market potential, especially because of the fall in captured
fisheries outputs and increased fish consumption.
However, despite this potential, it was also clear that there are a number of constraints that the
aquaculture industry face, in particular the lack of good quality inputs in many countries
(especially fish feed and seeds), lack of basic infrastructure (in some countries), lack of
enough qualified personnel, low networking between stakeholders (e.g. research institutions,
extension officers and farmers), lack of good marketing strategies, poor data recording
(production and financial), low level of funding, lack of networking between countries, etc.
Given all these constraints, a variety of needs were also expressed, including the need to
promote research and development geared towards the real needs of the aquaculture industry,
the necessity to develop and promote more efficient production systems and business
strategies including economies of scale and integrated aquaculture, extension officers and fish
Its findings
4.2.6 Phase 1, 5th
Input – Training Needs Assessment and Module Development
workshop
The TNA and Module Development workshop (Annex IV) with the participation of the 3
ARWG members and one LVFO representative, was held at LVFO premises in Jinja, Uganda
between 29/08/13 and 02/09/13. The workshop was organised in 2 sections, a) TNA and b)
Training Modules Development, both requiring the assistance and presence of the ARWG
members and LVFO representative. For the former section of the workshop, TNA findings,
experiences and constraints were discussed and defined, and the information employed during
the second stage of the workshop for the training modules development. Additionally, a set of
field trips and key guest speakers were organised during this first stage of the workshop to
enhance the appropriateness and relevance of the learning material required for the training
modules. After completion of the TNA, all relevant material required to work on the modules
development for “the regional training program on commercial aquaculture management and
development” was made available.
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 15/18
4.2.7 Phase 1, 7th
Input – Training Modules
On completion of the TNA consultation and workshop, 3 training modules were developed:
i. Efficient Commercial Aquaculture Production Systems and Practices (Annex III);
ii. Marketing Strategies for Profitable Commercial Aquaculture Development (Annex
IV);
iii. Business Management Skills for Successful Commercial Aquaculture
Development (Annex V).
The theoretical training mainly focused on efficient aquaculture production systems and
practices, marketing strategies for profit maximisation, and business management skills and
strategies in commercial aquaculture that should be adopted to ensure successful business
development (Annexes VII, VIII and IX).
4.2.8 Phase 1, 8th
Input – Training Modules pilot testing
Pilot testing of the modules was done in two ways, first by testing the ability of an
independent extension officer (based in Uganda) to assess the status and constraints of a case-
study pond farm located near Entebbe, Uganda, and provide the appropriate advice and
guidance for efficient aquaculture development. Secondly, by testing the suitability and
feasibility of the advice with the farm manager/owner at the described farm and assessing the
likelihood of the advice to be followed.
The feedback from the pilot-test revealed that although the extension of the training modules
seemed somehow extensive and sometimes technical and/or complicated, the content and the
extent of the subjects covered proved to be useful and appropriate to address the issues that a
potential commercial aquaculture business might encounter and many times not considered, in
particular, employment of efficient production technologies and practices, as well as the best
marketing strategies for profit maximisation and efficient business skills to help reduce risks
and reassure sustainable and long lasting development of the venture.
4.2.9 Phase 1, 9th
Input – Training Workshop Schedule
After definition of training modules and their testing, the definition, planning and organising
of the training workshop was done. This is described in Annex X. List of participants is
described in Annex VI.
4.2.10 Phase 2, 10th
input – Workshop Efficient commercial aquaculture
production systems and practices.
Workshopon commercial aquaculture production techniques and management practices were
described and covered (Annex VII). Key areas covered in the module included; main species,
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 16/18
production systems, hatchery, husbandry and management techniques, e.g. stocking densities,
feeding and water quality. Also included was the efficient use of resources through integration
and recycling. Other key aspects included was harvesting handling and processing.
4.2.11 Phase 2, 11th
Input – Workshop on Marketing Strategies for profitable
commercial aquaculture development
The workshop in marketing strategies for profitable commercial aquaculture development is
described in Annex VIII. Key areas covered included principles of marketing aquatic
products, main sources, marketing chain, market behaviour, marketing strategies, marketing
tools, and marketing plan.
4.2.12 Phase 2, 12th
Input – Workshop on Business skills for successful
commercial aquaculture development
The workshop in business skills for successful commercial aquaculture development is
described in annex IX. Key areas covered were business management principles, start-up
considerations, business plan, key information requirements, basic economic and financial
skills (record keeping and financial performance monitoring), business strategies, financing
and ethics in sustainable aquaculture businesses.
4.2.13 Phase 2, 13th
Input – Troubleshooting matrix
The workshop enabled the development of a troubleshooting matrix (Annex XII) which will
assist the extension officers form the 7 countries to address issues, network with key
stakeholders, and find solutions which are not available in their own country.
4.2.14 Phase 2, 14th
Input, Certificate of attendance
Each participant was given a certificate of attendance (Annex IV)
5 Conclusions and Recommendations
Comments on the assignment and lessons learned:
Due to the time-constraints, an in-depth TNA for the countries related to the project
could provide further issues and actions that might require further consideration and
inclusion.
The lessons learnt, workshops and training modules could be shared/adapted to
neighbouring countries (other than ACP Fish II), as wider regional synergies are key
for a successful industry development.
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 17/18
In order to add context to the training modules and provide a holistic framework, it is
recommended that additional assessment approaches on the commercial aquaculture
industry needs are considered, in particular in relation to the business and market
management needs/issues. Aquaculture development efforts commonly focus only in
production issues than business related issues. Proper business and market strategies
are as important as the know how to produce a particular specie.
The first module, efficient aquaculture production systems and practices, included an
introduction to aquaculture and differentiation between subsistence aquaculture
(widely practiced in the region) and commercial aquaculture (which is mainly profit-
oriented), description of the main species suitable for commercial aquaculture in the
region (namely Tilapia and catfish), as well as the description of the main production
systems available (including ponds, cage culture, tank culture, raceways, etc.) and
their associations/integrations with other agri-industries in order to optimize both
performance and resources usage. Knowledge gains and learnings from the modules
and its applicability will be as expected site and conditions dependent, and therefore
will require the definition and standardisation of expertise and knowledge available
between the participants of the training program to be able to work as a group for
regional development.
Examples of real-case data recording formats and analysis should be included, in
particular for production and business management practices.
During the training workshop, each country presented a summary of the status,
opportunities and main constraints of aquaculture production, marketing and business
skills available in their own country, allowing the rest of the participant to learn from
each other. Especially when considering the difference in development amongst the
ACP Fish II countries.
Developing a troubleshooting matrix could help find solutions and/or network within
different stakeholders for the entire region. This will help in sharing experiences,
preventing making the same mistakes as well as help in developing the industry. In
particular interest is the possibility to find sources of inputs that could help reduce
production costs and/or allow the development of commercial aquaculture altogether.
Regional Training on Promoting
Commercial Aquaculture Management and Development
Project Funded by the European Union A project implemented by 18/18
6 Annexes
Annex I Inception Report
Annex II Working Plan and timetable of activities
Annex III TNA methodology and Findings Summary
Annex IV TNA and Module Development workshop
Annex V Interim Technical Report
Annex VI List of participants attending the Training Workshop
Annex VII Workshop on Production systems and practices
Annex VIII Workshop on Marketing Strategies for commercial
aquaculture development
Annex IX Workshop on Business management Skill for commercial
aquaculture development
Annex X Training program schedule
Annex XI Participating countries presentations on the Status of the 3
main subject areas of training in their own country.
Annex XII Troubleshooting Matrix
Annex XIII Focal Points and ARWG member list
Annex XIV Certificate of Attendance
Annex XV Evaluation forms