WIRELESS ELECTRIC SMART METER

FINAL YEAR PROJECT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION• Electrical energy must be monitored and controlled for effective usage. In these days,

meter readings are being taken manually by meter readers. This activity consumes much time and makes space for human error. Energy consumed by appliances or users in different locations should be monitored wirelessly in real-time. In this project, power monitoring and controlling is done using Arduino board. Current measurement is done using Hall Effect based current sensor. Voltage is measured using voltage divider and an Operational amplifier. Other electrical parameter such as real power, apparent power and power factor are also calculated. These parameters are sent to a WebBased Interface through Wi-Fi. Supply to load can also be switched off from the Web Interface. In this way, power can be monitored and controlled from one PC. This system can be used in industries for wireless monitoring. It can also be integrated in current electrical meters for wireless transmission of usage data.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION• Pakistan is swamped with energy crises and it has not been able to meet the energy

requirement of the general public for many years. The current shortage of electricity in Pakistan is more than 5300 MW, and the major reasons for that are;

• High growth in demand side

• Slow or no development work in supply side

• High variability in the usage of energy

• Electricity theft, reportedly more than 80 billion per annum

• Pakistan needs to actively engage in looking for means to encourage a more rational use of energy, An infrastructure to provide detailed information electricity usage to both consumers and suppliers, in demand side, consumers can adjust the usage behavior to meet the pre-set target and also more reliable and secure as the it can better predict the demand and set the prices accordingly.

OBJECTIVESTo implement a system which can calculate current, voltage, power factor, powerconsumption and transmit this data through Wi-Fi to a station/PC for real-time monitoring andcontrolling from a web-based interface.

• Circuit for acquiring AC signals

• Circuit to convert AC signals to a level appropriate for microcontroller

• Display of actual AC voltage and current on LCD

• Zero crossing detection circuit

• An algorithm for finding power factor

• Circuit to filter out harmonics

• Display of power factor and power on LCD

• Wireless data transmission to PC

• To program a GUI to display all electrical parameters on PC including current and expected bill

METHODOLOGY• The current Sensor (ACS712-30A) senses the current level and transmits appropriate

level to the microcontroller (Arduino mega 2560).

• The voltage Sensor (step-down transformer) transmits the lower stepped down voltages to the microcontroller.

• The microcontroller then acquires these voltage and current levels and then calculates the corresponding Power Factor and other desired outcomes i.e. monthly electricity bills etc.

• These data are displayed on the LCD panel on the power box and also transmitted over the Wi-Fi through the Wi-Fi module to the base Station for further analysis and Controlling

• Data is graphically displayed on the system (server) using Web based Interface.

TIMELINE

Guidance

Planning

Deployment of Assets and costs

Testing and performance

Technologies Benefits and

Lessons learned

WORKLOAD DISTRIBUTION• Faisal Shah

Programming and Hardware Interfacing

• Farrukh NadeemDesigning of Hardware and Circuit layouts

• Mohammad Faraz KhanCircuit Designing and Electronic Circuit Development

• Abdul Rahman Hardware labor, deployment of components, and managing the flow of the materials

MILESTONES REACHED

• Acquiring the AC voltages and Current levels.

• Successful calculation and measurement of those levels by a Microcontroller.

• Successful display of that data on the LCD panel.

• Successful transmission of the data over the Wi-Fi terminals.

• Successful Data representation on the Web-based interface.

MILESTONE MISSED

• Zero-Crossing Circuitry

• Load Management

• Electric Bill Calculation

• Designing Fully Developed GUI

BLOCK DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

FLOW CHART OF PROGRAM

INTERFACING TO REAL WORLDThe Wireless Electric Smart meter interacts with the real world via web based interface designed on the base System.

It is this Interface from which we are able to perform variable controlling tasks, such as Load management, Monitoring of the Power Factor Electric Breakouts and Power theft

Authority managing this System through the web-based Interface is giving access to not only monitor or record the consumption of the electric data but the system may also be modified to calculate the billing amount of the consumer and also predict the future estimated amount. It is this advance feature of the newly deployed Smart Power meters that makes it so unique and worth installing. It lets the consumer be aware of his electric usage and manage his electricity accordingly. The LCD panel installed at the consumer side can provide the consumer of his daily, over the month and annual electricity statistics.