Final1633fulltext

8/7/2019 Final1633fulltext

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16 C.F.R. PART 1633--STANDARDFOR THE FLAMMABILITY (OPENFLAME) OF MATTRESSSETS

Subpart A--The StandardSec.1633.1 Purpose, scope and applicability.1633.2 Definitions.1633.3 General requirements.1633.4 Prototype testing requirements.1633.5 Prototype pooling andconfirmation testing requirements.1633.6 Quality assurance requirements.1633.7 Mattress test procedure.

1633.8 Findings.1633.9 Glossary of terms.Subpart B--Rules and Regulations1633.10 Definitions.1633.11 Records.1633.12 Labeling.1633.13 Tests for guaranty purposes,compliance with this section, and ``oneof a kind'' exemption.

FIGURE 1 TO PART 1633--TESTASSEMBLY, SHOWN INFURNITURE CALORIMETER(CONFIGURATION A)

FIGURE 2 TO PART 1633--TESTARRANGEMENT IN 3.05m x3.66m (10 ft x 12 ft) ROOM(CONFIGURATION B)

FIGURE 3 TO PART 1633--DETAILSOF HORIZONTAL BURNERHEAD

FIGURE 4 TO PART 1633--DETAILSOF VERTICAL BURNER HEAD

FIGURE 5 TO PART 1633--DETAILSOF BURNER STAND-OFF

FIGURE 6 TO PART 1633--BURNERASSEMBLY SHOWING ARMSAND PIVOTS (SHOULDERSCREWS), IN RELATION TO,

PORTABLE FRAME ALLOWINGBURNER HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT

FIGURE 7 TO PART 1633--ELEMENTS OF PROPANE FLOWCONTROL FOR EACH BURNER

FIGURE 8 TO PART 1633--JIG FORSETTING MATTRESSES ANDFOUNDATION SIDES IN SAMEPLANE

FIGURE 9 TO PART 1633--BURNERPLACEMENTS ONMATTRESS/FOUNDATION

FIGURE 10 TO PART 1633--JIG FORSETTING BURNERS AT PROPERDISTANCES FROMMATTRESS/FOUNDATION

FIGURE 11 TO PART 1633--DIAGRAMS FOR GLOSSARY OFTERMS

FIGURE 12 TO PART 1633--BLABELS FOR DOMESTICMATTRESS WITH FOUNDATION

FIGURE 13 TO PART 1633--BLABELS FOR IMPORTEDMATTRESS WITH FOUNDATION

FIGURE 14 TO PART 1633--B LABELFOR DOMESTIC MATTRESSALONE AND WITHFOUNDATION

FIGURE 15 TO PART 1633--B LABELFOR IMPORTED MATTRESSALONE AND WITHFOUNDATION

FIGURE 16 TO PART 1633--B LABELFOR DOMESTIC MATTRESSONLY

FIGURE 17 TO PART 1633 B--LABELFOR IMPORTED MATTRESSONLY

Authority: 15 U.S.C. 1193, 1194


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Subpart A--The StandardSec. 1633.1 Purpose, scope, andapplicability.

(a) Purpose. This part 1633 establishesflammability requirements that all

mattress sets must meet before sale orintroduction into commerce. Thepurpose of the standard is to reducedeaths and injuries associated withmattress fires by limiting the size of thefire generated by a mattress set during athirty minute test.

(b) Scope. (1) All mattress sets, asdefined in Sec. 1633.2(c), manufactured,imported, or renovated on or after theeffective date of this standard are subject

to the requirements of the standard.(2) One-of-a-kind mattress sets maybe exempted from testing under thisstandard in accordance with Sec.1633.13(c).

(c) Applicability. The requirements ofthis part 1633 shall apply to eachmanufacturer (as that term is definedin Sec. 1633.2(k)) of mattress sets whichare manufactured for sale in commerce.

Sec. 1633.2 Definitions.In addition to the definitions given in

section 2 of the FlammableFabrics Act as amended (15 U.S.C.1191), the following definitions applyfor purposes of this part 1633.

(a) Mattress means a resilient materialor combination of materials enclosed bya ticking (used alone or in combinationwith other products) intended orpromoted for sleeping upon. Thisincludes mattresses that have undergonerenovation as defined in paragraph (d) ofthis section.

(1) This term includes, but is notlimited to, adult mattresses, youthmattresses, crib mattresses (includingportable crib mattresses), bunk bedmattresses, futons, flip chairs without a

permanent back or arms, sleeper chairs,and water beds or air mattresses if theycontain upholstery material between theticking and the mattress core.Mattresses used in or as part of

upholstered furniture are also included;examples are convertible sofa bedmattresses, corner group mattresses, daybed mattresses, roll-away bedmattresses, high risers, and trundle bedmattresses. See Sec. 1633.9 Glossary ofterms, for definitions of these items.

(2) This term excludes mattress pads,mattress toppers (items with resilientfilling, with or without ticking, intendedto be used with or on top of a mattress),

sleeping bags, pillows, liquid andgaseous filled tickings, such as waterbeds and air mattresses that contain noupholstery material between the tickingand the mattress core, upholsteredfurniture which does not contain amattress, and juvenile product pads suchas car bed pads, carriage pads, basketpads, infant carrier and lounge pads,dressing table pads, stroller pads, cribbumpers, and playpen pads. See Sec.1633.9 Glossary of terms, for definitionsof these items.

(b) Foundation means a tickingcovered structure used to support amattress or sleep surface. The structuremay include constructed frames, foam,box springs, or other materials, usedalone or in combination.

(c) Mattress set means either amattress and foundation labeled by themanufacturer for sale as a set, or amattress labeled by the manufacturer forsale without any foundation.

(d) Renovation means altering anexisting mattress set for the purpose ofresale.

(1) This term includes any one, or anycombination of the following: replacingthe ticking or batting, stripping a


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mattress to its springs, rebuilding amattress, or replacing components withnew or recycled materials.

(2) This term excludes alterations ifthe person who renovates the mattress

intends to retain the renovated mattressfor his or her own use, or if a customeror a renovator merely hires the servicesof the renovator and intends to take backthe renovated mattress for his or her ownuse.

(e) Ticking means the outermost layerof fabric or related material of a mattressor foundation. It does not include anyother layers of fabric or related materialsquilted together with, or otherwise

attached to, the outermost layer of fabricor related material.(f) Upholstery material means all

material, either loose or attached,between the mattress ticking and thecore of a mattress.

(g) Edge means the seamed, un-seamed or taped border edge of amattress or foundation that joins the topand/or bottom with the side panels.

(h) Tape edge means an edge made byusing binding tape to encase and finishraw edges.

(i) Binding tape means a fabric stripused in the construction of some edges.

(j) Seam thread means the thread usedto form stitches in construction features,seams, and tape edges.

(k) Manufacturer means an individualplant or factory at whichmattress sets are manufactured orassembled. For purposes of this part1633, importers and renovators areconsidered manufacturers.

(l) Prototype means a specific designof mattress set that serves as a model forproduction units intended to beintroduced into commerce and is thesame as the production units with respectto materials, components, design and

methods of assembly. A mattressintended for sale with a foundation(s)shall be considered a separate anddistinct prototype from a mattressintended for sale without a foundation.

(m) Prototype developer means a thirdparty that develops a prototype for useby a manufacturer. Such prototypes maybe qualified by either the prototypedeveloper or by the manufacturer.

(n) Qualified prototype means aprototype that has been tested inaccordance with Sec. 1633.4(a) andmeets the criteria stated in Sec.1633.3(b).

(o) Confirmed prototype means a

prototype that is part of a poolingarrangement and is the same as aqualified prototype with respect tomaterials, components, design andmethods of assembly and has been testedin accordance with Sec. 1633.5(a)(3) andmeets the criteria stated in Sec.1633.3(b).

(p) Subordinate prototype means amattress set that is based on a qualifiedor confirmed prototype and is the sameas the qualified or confirmed prototype,except as permitted by Sec. 1633.4(b). Asubordinate prototype is considered to berepresented by a qualified or confirmedprototype and need not be tested inaccordance with Sec. 1633.4(a) or Sec.1633.5(a)(3).

(q) Prototype pooling means acooperative arrangement--whereby oneor more manufacturers build mattresssets based on a qualified prototypeproduced by another manufacturer orprototype developer. A manufacturerwho relies on another manufacturer's orprototype developer's qualified prototypemust perform a confirmation test on themattress set it manufactures. (r)Confirmation test means a pre-markettest conducted by a manufacturer who is


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relying on a qualified prototypeproduced by another manufacturer orprototype developer. A confirmation testmust be conducted in accordance withthe procedures set forth in Sec.

1633.7 and meet the criteria in Sec.1633.3(b).(s) Production lot means any quantity

of finished mattress sets that areproduced in production intervals definedby the manufacturer, and are intended toreplicate a specific qualified, confirmedor subordinate prototype that complieswith this part 1633.

(t) Specimen means a mattress settested under this regulation.

(u) Twin size means any mattress withthe dimensions 38 inches (in)(965 millimeters) x 74.5 in. (1892 mm);all dimensions may vary by \1/2\ in. (13mm).

(v) Core means the main supportsystem that may be present in a mattress,such as springs, foam, water bladder, airbladder, or resilient filling.

Sec. 1633.3 General requirements.(a) Summary of test method. The test

method set forth in Sec. 1633.7 measuresthe flammability (fire test responsecharacteristics) of a mattress specimenby exposing the specimen to a specifiedflaming ignition source and allowing itto burn freely under well-ventilated,controlled environmental conditions.The flaming ignition source shall be apair of propane burners. These burnersimpose differing fluxes for differingtimes on the top and sides of thespecimen. During and after thisexposure, measurements shall be madeof the time-dependent heat release ratefrom the specimen, quantifying theenergy generated by the fire. The rate ofheat release must be measured by meansof oxygen consumption calorimetry.

(b) Test criteria. (1) When testing themattress set in accordance with the testprocedure set forth in Sec. 1633.7, thespecimen shall comply with both of thefollowing criteria:

(i) The peak rate of heat release shallnot exceed 200 kilowatts(``kW'') at any time within the 30 minutetest; and

(ii) The total heat release shall notexceed 15 megajoules (``MJ'') for thefirst 10 minutes of the test.

(2) In the interest of safety, the testoperator should discontinue the test andrecord a failure if a fire develops to sucha size as to require suppression for the

safety of the facility.(c) Testing of mattress sets.Mattresses labeled for sale with afoundation shall be tested with suchfoundation. Mattresses labeled for salewithout a foundation shall be testedalone.

(d) Compliance with this standard.Each mattress set manufactured,imported, or renovated on or after theeffective date of the standard shall meetthe test criteria specified in paragraph (b)of this section and otherwise complywith all applicable requirements of thispart 1633.

Sec. 1633.4 Prototype testingrequirements.

(a) Except as otherwise provided inparagraph (b) of this section,each manufacturer shall cause threespecimens of each prototype to be testedaccording to Sec. 1633.7 and obtainpassing test results according to Sec.1633.3(b) before selling or introducinginto commerce any mattress set based onthat prototype, unless the manufacturercomplies with the prototype pooling andconfirmation testing requirements inSec. 1633.5.


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(b) Notwithstanding the requirementsof paragraph (a) of this section, amanufacturer may sell or introduce intocommerce a mattress set that has notbeen tested according to Sec. 1633.7 if

that mattress set differs from a qualifiedor confirmed prototype only with respectto:

(1) Mattress/foundation length andwidth, not depth (e.g., twin, queen,king);

(2) Ticking, unless the ticking of thequalified prototype has characteristics(such as chemical treatment or specialfiber composition) designed to improveperformance on the test prescribed in

this part; and/or(3) Any component, material, designor method of assembly, so long as themanufacturer can demonstrate on anobjectively reasonable basis that suchdifferences will not cause the mattressset to exceed the test criteria specified inSec. 1633.3(b).

(c) All tests must be conducted onspecimens that are no smaller than atwin size, unless the largest size mattressset produced is smaller than a twin size,in which case the largest size must betested.

(d) (1) If each of the three specimensmeets both the criteria specified in Sec.1633.3(b), the prototype shall bequalified. If any one (1) specimen failsto meet the test criteria of Sec.1633.3(b), the prototype is not qualified.

(2) Any manufacturer may produce amattress set for sale in reliance onprototype tests performed before theeffective date of thisStandard, provided:

(i) The manufacturer hasdocumentation showing that such testswere conducted in accordance with allrequirements of this section and Sec.

1633.7 and yielded passing resultsaccording to the test criteria of Sec.1633.3(b);

(ii) Any tests conducted more than 30days after publication of this standard in

the Federal Register must comply withthe recordkeeping requirements in Sec.1633.11;

(iii) Such mattress sets may be usedfor prototype pooling only if themanufacturer complies with applicablerecordkeeping requirements in Sec.1633.11; and

(iv) Such mattress sets may serve asthe basis for a subordinate prototypeonly if the manufacturer has all records

required by Sec. 1633.11.

Sec. 1633.5 Prototype pooling andconfirmation testing requirements.

(a) Prototype pooling. One or moremanufacturers may rely on a qualifiedprototype produced by anothermanufacturer or prototype developerprovided that:

(1) The prototype meets therequirements of Sec. 1633.4;

(2) The mattress sets being producedare the same as the qualified prototypewith respect to materials, components,design and methods of assembly; and

(3) The manufacturer producingmattress sets in reliance on a qualifiedprototype has performed a confirmationtest on at least one(1) Specimen of the mattress set itproduces in accordance with Sec.1633.7. The tested specimen must meetthe criteria under Sec.1633.3(b) before any mattress sets basedon the qualified prototype may be soldor introduced into commerce.

(b) Confirmation test failure. (1) If theconfirmation test specimen fails to meetthe criteria of Sec. 1633.3(b), themanufacturer thereof shall not sell any


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mattress set based on the same qualifiedprototype until that manufacturer takescorrective measures, tests a newspecimen, and the new specimen meetsthe criteria of Sec. 1633.3(b).

(2) If a confirmation test specimenfails to meet the criteria of Sec.1633.3(b), the manufacturer thereof mustnotify the manufacturer of the prototypeof the test failure.

Sec. 1633.6 Quality assurancerequirements.

(a) Quality assurance. Eachmanufacturer shall implement a qualityassurance program to ensure that

mattress sets manufactured for saleare the same as the qualified and/orconfirmed prototype on which theyare based with respect to materials,components, design and methods ofassembly, except as permitted by Sec.1633.4(b). At a minimum theseprocedures shall include:

(1) Controls, including incominginspection procedures, of allmattress set materials, components andmethods of assembly to ensurethat they are the same as those used inthe prototype on which they arebased;

(2) Designation of a production lotthat is represented by theprototype; and

(3) Inspection of mattress setsproduced for sale sufficient todemonstrate that they are the same as theprototype on which they arebased with respect to materials,components, design and methods ofassembly.

(b) Production testing. Manufacturersare encouraged to conduct, as part of thequality assurance program, randomtesting of mattress sets being produced

for sale according to the requirements ofSec. 1633.3 and 1633.7.

(c) Failure of mattress sets producedfor sale to meet flammability standard.(1) Sale of mattress sets. If any test

performed for quality assurance yieldsresults which indicate that any mattressset of a production lot does not meet thecriteria of Sec. 1633.3(b), or if amanufacturer obtains test results or otherevidence that a component or material orconstruction/assembly process usedcould negatively affect the testperformance of the mattress set as setforth in Sec. 1633.3(b), the manufacturershall cease production and distribution in

commerce of such mattress sets untilcorrective action is taken.(2) Corrective action. A manufacturer

must take corrective action when anymattress set manufactured or importedfor sale fails to meet the flammabilitytest criteria set forth in Sec. 1633.3(b).

Sec. 1633.7 Mattress test procedure.(a) Apparatus and test materials.

(1) Calorimetry. The rate of heatrelease must be measured by means ofoxygen consumption calorimetry. Thecalibration should follow generallyaccepted practices for calibration. Thecalorimetry system shall be calibrated ata minimum of two (2) calibration points--at 75 kW and 200 kW.

(2) Test area. The test area must haveeither Test Configuration A or B. Thetest area conditions shall be maintainedat a temperature greater than 15 [deg]C(59 [deg]F) and less than 27 [deg]C(80.6 [deg]F) and a relative humidityless than 75 percent.

(i) Test configuration A. (an opencalorimeter (or furniture calorimeter)).In this configuration, the specimen to betested is placed under the center of anopen furniture calorimeter. Figure 1 of


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this part shows the test assembly atop abed frame and catch surface. Thespecimen shall be placed under an openhood which captures the entire smokeplume and is instrumented for heat

release rate measurements. The areasurrounding the test specimen in an opencalorimeter layout shall be sufficientlylarge that there are no heat re-radiationeffects from any nearby materials orobjects. The air flow to the test specimenshould be symmetrical from all sides.The air flow to the calorimeter hoodshall be sufficient to ensure that theentire fire plume is captured, even atpeak burning. Skirts may be placed on

the hood periphery to help assure thisplume capture, if necessary, though theymust not be of such an excessive lengthas to cause the incoming flow to disturbthe burning process. Skirts must also notheat up to the point that they contributesignificant re-radiation to the testspecimen. The air supply to the hoodshall be sufficient that the fire is not inany way limited or affected by theavailable air supply. The fire plumeshould not enter the hood exhaust duct.Brief (seconds) flickers of flame thatoccupy only a minor fraction of the hoodexhaust duct inlet cross-section areacceptable since they do not signifyappreciable suppression of flames.

(ii) Test configuration B. The testroom shall have dimensions 10 ft. by 12ft. by 8 ft. (3048 mm x 3658 mm x 2438mm) high. The specimen is placedwithin the burn room. All smoke exitingfrom the room is caught by a hoodsystem instrumented for heat release ratemeasurements. The room shall have noopenings permitting air infiltration otherthan a doorway opening 38 in 0.25 in by80 in 0.25 in (965 mm 6.4 mm x 2032mm 6.4 mm) located as indicated infigure 2 of this part and other small

openings as necessary to makemeasurements. The test room shall beconstructed of wood or metal studs andshall be lined with fire-rated wallboardor calcium silicate board. An exhaust

hood shall be positioned outside of thedoorway so as to collect all of thecombustion gases. There shall be noobstructions in the air supply to the set-up.

(3) Location of test specimen. Thelocation of the test specimen is shown inFigure 2 of this part. The angledplacement is intended to minimize theinteraction of flames on the side surfacesof the test specimen with the room walls.

One corner of the test specimen shall be13 centimeters (cm) to 17 cm from thewall and the other corner shall be 25 cmto 30 cm from the wall. The test roomshall contain no other furnishings orcombustible materials except for the testspecimen.

(4) Bed frame. (i) Frame dimensions.The specimen shall be supported aroundits perimeter by the bed frame. For twinsize mattresses, the specimen shall beplaced on top of a welded bed frame1.90 m by 0.99 m (75 in by 39 in) madefrom 40 mm (1.50 in) steel angle. Iftesting a size other than twin, the bedframe shall similarly match thedimensions of the specimen.

(ii) Frame height. The frame shall be115 mm (4.5 in) high, except ifadjustments are necessary toaccommodate the required burnerposition in paragraph (h)(2)(ii) of thissection. The height of the frame shallalso be adjusted, as necessary, so that theburner is no less than 25mm (1 in) abovethe supporting surface.

(iii) Frame crosspieces. The frameshall be completely open underthe foundation except for twocrosspieces, 25 mm wide (1 in) at the 1/3


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length points, except when sagging ofthe specimen between the crosspiecesexceeds 19 mm (3/4 in) below the frame.Minimal additional crosspieces shallthen be added to prevent sagging of the

specimen.(5) Catch pan. The bed frame feetshall rest on a surface of either calciumsilicate board or fiber cement board, 13mm (0.5 in) thick, 2.11 m by 1.19 m (83in by 47 in). The board serves as a catchsurface for any flaming melt/dripmaterial falling from the bed assemblyand may be the location of a pool firethat consumes such materials. Thissurface must be cleaned between tests to

avoid build-up of combustible residues.Lining this surface with aluminum foil tofacilitate cleaning is not recommendedsince this might increase fire intensityvia reflected radiation.

(6) Ignition source. (i) General. Theignition source shall consist of two T-shaped burners as shown in Figures 3and 4 of this part. One burner impingesflames on the top surface of the mattress.The second burner impinges flames onthe side of the mattress and on the sideof the foundation. Each of the burnersshall be constructed from stainlesssteel tubing (12.7 mm diameter with0.89 0.5 mm wall thickness; 0.50 indiameter with 0.035 0.002 in wall).Each burner shall incorporate a stand-offfoot to set its distance from the testspecimen surface (Figure 5 of this part).Both burners shall be mounted with amechanical pivot point but the sideburner is locked in place to preventmovement about this pivot in normalusage. The top burner, however, is freeto rotate about its pivot during a burnerexposure and is lightly weighted so as toexert a downward force on the mattresstop through its stand-off foot so that theburner follows a receding top surface on

the test specimen (Figure 6 of this part).The combination of burner stand-offdistance and propane gas flow rate tothe burners determines the heat flux theyimpose on the surface of the test

specimen so that both of theseparameters are tightly controlled.(ii) Top surface burner. The T head of

the top surface burner (horizontal burner,Figure 3 of this part) shall be 305 2mm (12 0.08 in) long with gas tightplugs in each end. Each side of the Tshall contain 17 holes equally spacedover a 135 mm length (8.5 mm 0.1 mmapart; 0.333 0.005 in). The holes oneach side shall begin 8.5 mm (0.33 in)

from the centerline of the burner head.The holes shall be 1.45 mm to 1.53 mm(0.058 in to 0.061 in) in diameter (whichcorresponds to Grade 10 machiningpractice with a well formed 53 drill bit).The holes shall point 5[deg] out of theplane of the diagram in Figure 3. Thisbroadens the width of the heat fluxprofile imposed on the surface of the testspecimen.

(iii) Side surface burner. The T headof the side surface burner (verticalburner) shall be constructed similarly tothe top surface burner, as shown inFigure 4 of this part, except that itsoverall length shall be 254 2 mm (100.08 in). Each side of the burner headshall contain 14 holes spaced evenlyover a 110 mm length (8.5 mm 0.1 mmapart; 0.333 0.005 in). The holes shallbe 1.45 mm to 1.53 mm (0.058 in to0.061 in) in diameter (which correspondsto Grade 10 machining practice with awell formed 53 drill bit). The holes shallpoint 5[deg] out of the plane of thediagram in Figure 4.

(iv) Burner stand-off. The burnerstand-off on each burner shall consist ofa collar fixed by a set screw onto the


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inlet tube of the burner head (Figure 5 ofthis part). The collar shall hold a 3 mmdiameter stainless steel rod having a 12.7mm by 51 mm by (2-2.5 mm) thick (0.5in by 2 in by (0.08-0.10 in) thick)

stainless steel pad welded on its end withits face (and long axis) parallel to the Thead of the burner. The foot pad shall bedisplaced about 10 mm to 12 mm fromthe longitudinal centerline of the burnerhead so that it does not rest on the testspecimen in an area of peak heat flux. Ashort section(9.5 mm outer diameter (``OD''), about80 mm long; \3/8\ in OD, about 3.2 inlong) of copper tubing shall be placed in

the inlet gas line just before the burner tofacilitate making the burner nominallyparallel to the test specimen surface (bya procedure described below). Thecopper tube on the top surface burnershould be protected from excessive heatand surface oxidation by wrapping itwith a suitable layer of high temperatureinsulation to protect the equipment. Bothcopper tubes are to be bent by hand inthe burner alignment process. They mustbe replaced if they become work-hardened or crimped in any way. Thegas inlet lines (12.7 mm OD stainlesssteel tubing; 0.50 in) serve as armsleading back to the pivot points andbeyond, as shown in Figure 6 of thispart. The length to the pivot for the topburner shall be approximately 1000 mm(40 in).

(v) Frame. Figure 6 of this part showsthe frame that holds the burners and theirpivots, which are adjustable vertically inheight. All adjustments (burner height,burner arm length from the pivot point,counterweight positions along the burnerarm) are facilitated by the use of knobsor thumbscrews as the set screws. Thethree point footprint of the burner frame,with the two forward points on wheels,

facilitates burner movement and burnerstability when stationary.

(vi) Arms. The metal arms attached tothe burners shall be attached to aseparate gas control console by flexible,

reinforced plastic tubing.

1

The gascontrol console is mounted separately soas to facilitate its safe placement outsideof the test room throughout the testprocedure. The propane gas linesrunning between the console andthe burner assembly must be anchoredon the assembly before running to theburner inlet arms. A 1.5 m 25 mm (58 in1 in) length of flexible, reinforced tubingbetween the anchor point and the end of

each burner inlet allows free movementof the top burner about its pivot point.The top burner arm shall have a pair ofmoveable cylindrical counterweightsthat are used, as described below, toadjust the downward force on the stand-off foot.(vii) Burner head. Each burner headshall have a separate pilot lightconsisting of a 3 mm OD (\1/8\ in OD)copper tube with an independently-controlled supply of propane gas. Thetube terminates within 10 mm of thecenter of the burner head. Care must betaken to set the pilot flame size smallenough so as not to heat the testspecimen before the timed burnerexposure is begun.

(viii) Flow control system. Eachburner shall have a flow controlsystem of the type shown in Figure 7 ofthis part. Propane gas from a source suchas a bottle is reduced in pressure toapproximately 70 kilopascals (kPa)(20 pounds per square inch gage(psig)) and fed to the system shown inFigure 8 of this part. The gas flow to the

1Fiber-reinforced plastic tubing (6 mm ID by 9.5

mm OD; 3 inch ID by inch OD) made of PVC shouldbe used.


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burner is delivered in a square-wavemanner (constant flow with rapid onsetand termination) by means of thesolenoid valve upstream of theflowmeter. An interval timer (accurate to

0.2 s) determines the burner flameduration. The pilot light assures that theburner will ignite when the solenoidvalve opens.2 The gas flow shall be setusing a rotameter type of flowmeter,with a 150 mm scale, calibrated forpropane. When calibrating theflowmeter, take into account that theflow resistance of the burner holescauses a finite pressure increase in theflowmeter above ambient. (If a

calibration at one atmosphere isprovided by the manufacturer, theflowmeter reading, at the internalpressure existing in the meter, requiredto get the flow rates listed below must becorrected, typically by the square rootof the absolute pressure ratio. This callsfor measuring the actual pressure in theflow meters when set near the correctflow values. A value roughly in therange of 1 kPa to 3 kPa--5 in to 15 in ofwater--can be expected.) Seeinformation on calibration in paragraph(b) of this section.

(ix) Gas flow rate. Use propane gas:The propane shall be minimum 99%pure (often described by suppliers as CPor chemically pure grade, but thisdesignation should not be relied on sincethe actual purity may vary by supplier).Each burner has a specific propane gasflow rate set with its respective,calibrated flowmeter. The gas flowrate to the top burner is 12.9 liters perminute (``L/min'') < plus-minus> 0.1

2If the side burner, or more commonly one half of

the side burner, fails to ignite quickly, adjust theposition of the igniter, bearing in mind that propane isheavier than air. The best burner behavior testassessment is done against an inert surface (to spreadthe gas as it would during an actual test).

L/min at a pressure of 101 5 kPa(standard atmospheric pressure) and atemperature of 22 3 [deg]C. The gasflow rate to the side burner is 6.6 0.05L/min at a pressure of 101 5 kPa

(standard atmospheric pressure) and atemperature of 22 3 [deg]C. The totalheat release rate of the burners is 27 kW.

(b) Calibration of PropaneFlowmeters. (1) Preparation. Once theassembly of the burner is completed andall the connecting points are checked forgas leakage, the most critical task isensuring the exact flow rates of propaneinto the top and side burners, asdescribed in the test protocol. The gas

flow rates are specified at 12.9 Liters perminute (LPM) 0.1 LPM and 6.6 LPM0.05 LPM for the top and side burners(Burners 1 and 2), respectively, at apressure of 101 5 kiloPascal (kPa)(standard atmospheric pressure)and a temperature of 22 3 [deg]C. Therotameters that are installed in thecontrol box of the burner assembly needto be calibrated for accuratemeasurement of these flow rates.

(i) The most practical and accuratemethod of measuring and calibrating theflow rate of gases (including propane) isuse of a diaphragm test meter (alsocalled a dry test meter). A diaphragmtest meter functions based on positivedisplacement of a fixed volume of gasper rotation and its reading is thereforeindependent of the type of the gas beingused. The gas pressure and temperature,however, can have significant impact onthe measurement of flow rate.

(ii) The gas pressure downstream ofthe rotameters that are installed in thecontrol box of the burner assemblyshould be maintained near atmosphericpressure (only a few millimeters of waterabove atmosphere). Therefore, the bestlocation to place the diaphragm test


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meter for gas flow calibration is rightdownstream of the control box. Thepressure at the propane tank must be setat 20 0.5 pounds per square inch gage(psig).

(2) Calibration Procedure. Install thediaphragm test meter (DTM)downstream of the control box in theline for the top burner. Check allconnecting points for gas leakage. Openthe main valve on the propane tank andset a pressure of 20 0.5 psig. Set thetimers in the control box for 999 seconds(or the maximum range possible).Record the barometric pressure. Turn theBurner 1 switch to ON and ignite

the top burner. Allow the gas to flow for2-3 minutes until the DTM is stabilized.Record the pressure and temperature inthe DTM. Use a stopwatch to record atleast one minute worth of completerotations while counting the number ofrotations.3 Calculate the propane gasflow rate using the recorded time andnumber of rotations (total flow in thattime). Use the pressure and temperaturereadings to convert to standardconditions. Repeat this measurement fortwo additional meter setting to allow forcalibrating the flowmeter throughout therange of interest. Plot the flow versusmeter reading, fit a best line (possiblyquadratic) through these points to findthe meter setting for a flow of 12.9 LPMat the above standard conditions.Repeat this procedure for Burner 2using three meter readings to find thesetting that gives a flow rate of 6.6 LPMat the standard conditions. Aftercompletion of the calibration, re-set thetimers to 70 and 50 seconds.

3With a diaphragm test meter well-sized to this

application, this should be more than five rotations. Aone liter per rotation meter will require 10 to 15rotations for the flow measurements and greater thanthe minimum of one minute recording time specifiedhere.

(c) Conditioning. Remove thespecimens from any packaging prior toconditioning. Specimens shall beconditioned in air at a temperaturegreater than 18 [deg]C (65 [deg]F) and

less than 25 [deg]C (77 [deg]F) and arelative humidity less than 55 percent forat least 48 continuous hours prior to test.Specimens shall be supported in amanner to permit free movement of airaround them during conditioning.

(d) Test preparation. (1) General.Horizontal air flow at a distance of 0.5 m(20 in) on all sides of the test specimenat the mattress top height shall be 0.5m/s. If there is any visual evidence

that the burner flames are disturbed bydrafts during their exposure durations,the burner regions must be enclosed ontwo or more sides by at least a triplelayer of screen wire. The screens shall beat least 25 cm tall. The screen(s) for thetop burner shall sit on the mattress topand shall be wide enough to extendbeyond the area of the burnerimpingement. All screens shall be farenough away (typically 30 cm or more)from the burner tubes so as not tointerfere or interact with flame spreadduring the burner exposure. The screenfor the side burner will require a separatesupport from below. All screens shall beremoved at the end of the 70 secondexposure interval.

(2) Specimen. Remove the testspecimen from the conditioning roomimmediately before it is to be tested.Testing shall begin within 20 minutesafter removal from the conditioning area.Be sure the bed frame is approximatelycentered on the catch surface. Place thespecimen on the bed frame. Carefullycenter them on the bed frame and oneach other. The mattress shall becentered on top of the foundation (seeFigure 1 of this part). However, in order


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to keep the heat flux exposure the samefor the sides of the two components, ifthe mattress is 1 cm to 2 cm narrowerthan the foundation, the mattress shall beshifted so that the side to be exposed is

in the same plane as the foundation.Refer to Figure 8 of this part. A producthaving an intended sleep surface on onlyone side shall be tested with the sleepingside up so that the sleeping surface isexposed to the propane burner.

(e) Burner flow rate/flow timerconfirmation. Just prior to movingthe burner adjacent to the test specimen,briefly ignite each burner at the sametime, and check that the propane flow to

that burner is set at the appropriate levelon its flowmeter to provide the flowslisted in Sec. 1633.7(a)(6)(ix). Checkthat the timers for the burner exposuresare set to 70 seconds for the top burnerand 50 seconds for the side burner. For anew burner assembly, check theaccuracy of the gas flow timers against astop watch at these standard timesettings. Set pilot flows to a level thatwill not cause them to impinge onsample surfaces.

(f) Location of the gas burners. Placethe burner heads so that they are within300 mm (1 ft) of the mid-length of themattress. If there are unique constructionfeatures (e.g., handles, zippers) withinthe burner placement zone, the burnershall impinge on this feature. Thegeneral layout for the roomconfiguration is shown in Figure 2 ofthis part. For a quilted mattress top thestand-off foot pad must alight on a high,flat area between dimples or quiltingthread runs. The same is to be true forthe side burner if that surface is quilted.If a specimen design presents a conflictin placement such that both burnerscannot be placed between local

depressions in the surface, the top burnershall be placed at the highest flat surface.

(g) Burner set-up. The burners shallbe placed in relation to the mattress andfoundation surfaces in the manner shown

in Figure 9 of this part, i.e., at thenominal spacings shown there and withthe burner tubes nominally parallel4 tothe mattress surfaces on which theyimpinge. Since the heat flux levels seenby the test specimen surfaces depend onburner spacing, as well as gas flow rate,care must be taken with the set-upprocess.

(h) Burner alignment procedure. (1)Preparation. Complete the following

before starting the alignment procedure:(i) Check that the pivot point for themattress top burner feed tube and thetwo metal plates around it are clean andwell-lubricated so as to allow smooth,free movement.

(ii) Set the two burners such that the5[deg] out-of-plane angling of the flamejets makes the jets on the two burnerspoint slightly toward each other.

(iii) Check the burner stand-off feetfor straightness and perpendicularitybetween foot pad and support rod and tosee that they are clean of residue from aprevious test.

(iv) Have at hand the following itemsto assist in burner set-up:The jig, shown in Figure 10 of this part,for setting the stand-off feet at theirproper distances from the front of theburner tube; a 3 mm thick piece of flatstock (any material) to assist in checkingthe parallelness of the burners to themattress surfaces; and a 24 gagestainless steel sheet metal platen that is

4The top burner will tend to be tangential to themattress surface at the burner mid-length; thisorientation will not necessarily be parallel to theoverall average mattress surface orientation nor will itnecessarily be horizontal. This is a result of the shapeof the mattress top surface.


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30 mm (12 in) wide, 610 mm (24 in)long and has a sharp, precise 90[deg]bend 355 mm (14 in) from one 30 mmwide end. Refer to Figure 8 of this part.

(2) Alignment. (i) Place the burner

assembly adjacent to the test specimen.Place the sheet metal platen on themattress with the shorter side on top.The location shall be within 30 cm (1 ft)of the longitudinal center of the mattress.The intended location of the stand-offfoot of the top burner shall not be in adimple or crease caused by the quiltingof the mattress top. Press the platenlaterally inward from the edge of themattress so that its side makes contact

with either the top and bottom edge orthe vertical side of the mattress.5 Use a20 cm (8 in) strip of duct tape (platen tomattress top) to hold the platen firmlyinward in this position.

(ii) With both burner arms horizontal(pinned in this position), fully retract thestand-off feet of both burners and, ifnecessary, the pilot tubes as well.6(Neither is to protrude past the front faceof the burner tubes at this point.) Movethe burner assembly forward(perpendicular to the mattress) until the

5Mattresses having a convex side are treated

separately since the platen cannot be placed in theabove manner. Use the platen only to set the topburner parallelness. Set the in/out distance of thetop burner to the specification in paragraph (h)(1)(iii).Set the side burner so that it is approximately(visually) parallel to the flat side surface of thefoundation below the mattress/foundation crevice onceits foot is in contact with the materials in the crevicearea. The burner will not be vertical in this case. If thefoundation side is also non-flat, set the side burner

vertical ( 3 mm, as above) using a bubble level as areference. The side surface convexities will then bringthe bowed out sections of the specimen closer to theburner tube than the stand-off foot.

6The pilot tubes can normally be left with their endsjust behind the plane of the front of the burner tube.This way they will not interfere with positioning of thetube but their flame will readily ignite the burnertubes.

vertical burner lightly contacts the sheetmetal platen. Adjust the height of thevertical burner on its vertical supportcolumn so as to center the tube on thecrevice between the mattress and the

foundation. (This holds also for pillowtop mattress tops, i.e., ignore the crevicebetween the pillow top and the mainbody of the mattress.)7 Adjust the heightof the horizontal burner until it sitslightly on top of the sheet metal platen.Its burner arm should then be horizontal.

(iii) Move the horizontal burner in/out(loosen the thumb screw near the pivotpoint) until the outer end of the burnertube is 13 mm to 19 mm (\1/2\ in to \3/4\

in) from the corner bend in the platen(this is facilitated by putting a pair oflines on the top of the platen 13 mm and19 mm from the bend and parallel to it).Tighten the thumb screw.

(iv) Make the horizontal burnerparallel to the top of the platen (within 3mm, \1/8\ in over the burner tube length)by bending the copper tube sectionappropriately. Note: After the platen isremoved (in paragraph (h)(2)(vii) of thissection), the burner tube may not behorizontal; this is normal. Formattress/foundation combinationshaving nominally flat, vertical sides, thesimilar adjustment for the verticalburner is intended to make that burnerparallel to the sides and vertical.Variations in the shape of mattresses andfoundations can cause the platen sectionon the side to be non-flat and/or non-vertical. If the platen is flat and vertical,make the vertical burner parallel to theside of the platen ( 3 mm) by bending its

7For tests of the mattress alone, set the center of theside burner at the lower edge of the mattress OR thetop (upper tip) of the side burner 25 mm (1 in) belowthe top edge of the mattress, whichever is lower. Thisprevents inappropriate (excessive) exposure of the topsurface of the mattress to the side burner.


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copper tube section as needed. If not,make the side burner parallel to themattress/foundation sides by the bestvisual estimate after the platen has beenremoved.

(v) Move the burner assemblyperpendicularly back away from themattress about 30 cm (1 ft). Set the twostand-off feet to their respectivedistances using the jig designed for thispurpose. Install the jig fully onto theburner tube (on the same side of the tubeas the stand-off foot), with its side edgesparallel to the burner feed arm, at aboutthe position where one end of the footwill be. Loosen the set screw and slide

the foot out to the point where it is flushwith the bottom end of the jig. Tightenthe set screw. Make sure the long axisof the foot is parallel to the burner tube.It is essential to use the correct side ofthe spacer jig with each burner. Doublecheck this. The jig must be clearlymarked.

(vi) Set the downward force of thehorizontal burner. Remove the retainerpin near the pivot. While holding theburner feed arm horizontal using aspring scale8 hooked onto thethumbscrew holding the stand-off foot,move the small and/or large weights onthe feed tube appropriately so that thespring scale reads 170 g to 225 g (6 ozto 8 oz).

(vii) Remove the sheet metal platen(and tape holding it).

(viii) Hold the horizontal burner upwhile sliding the burner assemblyforward until its stand-off foot justtouches the mattress and/or thefoundation,

9then release the horizontal

8An acceptable spring scale has a calibrated springmounted within a holder and hooks on each end.9The foot should depress the surface it f irst contacts

by no more than 1 mm to 2 mm. This is best seen upclose, not from the rear of the burner assembly.

burner. The outer end of the burner tubeshould extend at least 6 mm to 12 mm(\1/4\ in to \1/2\ in) out beyond theuppermost corner/edge of the mattress sothat the burner flames will hit the edge.

(For a pillow top mattress, this meansthe outer edge of the pillow top portionand the distance may then be greaterthan 6 mm to 12 mm.) If this is not thecase, move the burner assembly(perpendicular to the mattress side)--notthe horizontal burner alone--until it is.Finally, move the vertical burner tubeuntil its stand-off foot just touches theside of the mattress and/or thefoundation. (Use the set screw near the

vertical burner pivot.)(ix) Make sure all thumbscrews areadequately tightened. Care mustbe taken, once this set-up is achieved, toavoid bumping the burner assembly ordisturbing the flexible lines that bringpropane to it.

(x) If there is any indication of flowdisturbances in the test facility whichcause the burner flames or pilot flamesto move around, place screens aroundthe burners so as to minimize thesedisturbances.10 These screens (and anyholders) must be far enough away fromthe burners (about 30 cm or more for the

However, if a protruding edge is the first itemcontacted, compress it until the foot is in the plane ofthe mattress/foundation vertical sides. The intent hereis that the burner be spaced a fixed distance from thevertical mattress/foundation sides, not from anincidental protrusion. Similarly, if there is a widecrevice in this area which would allow the foot tomove inward and thereby place the burners too close

to the vertical mattress/foundation sides, it will benecessary to use the spacer jig (rather than the stand-off foot) above or below this crevice to set the properburner spacing. Compress the mattress/foundationsurface 1 mm to 2 mm when using the jig for thispurpose.

10The goal here is to keep the burner flamesimpinging on a fixed area of the specimen surfacerather than wandering back and forth over a largerarea.


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top, less for the side) so that they do notinteract with the flames growing on thespecimen surfaces. For the top surfaceburner, at least a triple layer of windowscreen approximately 30 cm high sitting

vertically on the mattress top (Figure 9of this part) has proved satisfactory. Forthe side burner at least a triple layer ofscreen approximately 15 cm wide,formed into a square-bottom U-shapeand held from below the burner hasproved satisfactory. Individuallaboratories will have to experimentwith the best arrangement forsuppressing flow disturbances in theirfacility.

(i) Running the test. (1) Charge thehose line to be used for fire suppressionwith water.

(2) Burner Preparation. (i) Turn ACpower on; set propane pressure to 20psig at bottle; set timers to 70 s (topburner) and 50 s (side burner); withburner assembly well-removed from testspecimen, ignite burners and check that,WHEN BOTH ARE ON AT THESAME TIME, the flowmeters are set tothe values that give the requisite propanegas flow rates to each burner. Turn offburners. Set pilot tubes just behind frontsurface of burners; set pilot flow valvesfor ca. 2 cm flames. Turn off pilots.

(ii) Position burner on test specimenand remove sheet metal platen.

(iii) Place screens around bothburners.

(3) Start pilots. Open pilot ball valvesone at a time and ignitepilots with hand-held flame; adjust flamesize if necessary being very careful toavoid a jet flame that could prematurelyignite the test specimen (Note that after along interval between tests the low pilotflow rate will require a long time todisplace air in the line and achieve thesteady-state flame size.)

(4) Start recording systems. With thecalorimetry system fully operational,after instrument zeroes and spans, startthe video lights and video camera anddata logging systems two minutes before

burner ignition (or, if not using video,take a picture of the setup).(5) Initiate test. Start test exposure by

simultaneously turning on power to bothtimers (timers will turn off burners atappropriate times). Also start a 30minute timer of the test duration.Check/adjust propane flow rates (DOTHIS ESSENTIAL TASKIMMEDIATELY. Experience shows theflow will not remain the same from test-

to-test in spite of fixed valve positions soadjustment is essential.) If not usingvideo, one photo must be taken withinthe first 45 seconds of starting theburners.

(6) End of burner exposure. When theburners go out (after 70 seconds for thelonger exposure), carefully lift the topburner tube away from the specimensurface, producing as little disturbanceas possible to the specimen. Turn offpower to both timers. Remove allscreens. Turn off pilots at their ballvalves. Remove the burner assemblyfrom the specimen area to facilitate thevideo camera view of the full side of thespecimen. In the case of the room-basedconfigurations, remove the burnerassembly from the room to protect it.

(j) Video Recording/Photographs.Place a video or still frame camera so asto have (when the lens is zoomed out)just slightly more than a full-length viewof the side of the test specimen beingignited, including a view of the flameimpingement area while the burnerassembly is present. The view must alsoinclude the catch pan so that it is clearwhether any melt pool fire in this pan


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participates significantly in the growthof fire on the test specimen. The camerashall include a measure of elapsed timeto the nearest 1 second for video and 1minute for still frame within its recorded

field of view (preferably built into thecamera). For the room-basedconfiguration, the required full-lengthview of the sample may require anappropriately placed window, sealedwith heat resistant glass, in one of theroom walls. Place the camera at a heightjust sufficient to give a view of the topof the specimen while remaining underany smoke layer that may develop in theroom. The specimen shall be brightly lit

so that the image does not lose detail toover-exposed flames. This will require apair or more of 1 kW photo flood lightsilluminating the viewed side of thespecimen. The lights may need to shineinto the room from the outside via sealedwindows.

(k) Cessation of Test. (1) The heatrelease rate shall be recorded andvideo/photographs taken until either 30minutes has elapsed since the start of theburner exposure or a fire develops ofsuch size as to require suppression forthe safety of the facility.

(2) Note the time and nature of anyunusual behavior that is not fully withinthe view of the video camera. This ismost easily done by narration to acamcorder.

(3) Run the heat release rate systemand datalogger until the fire has beenfully out for several minutes to allow thesystem zero to be recorded.

(l) Use of alternate apparatus.Mattress sets may be tested usingtest apparatus that differs from thatdescribed in this section if themanufacturer obtains and provides to theCommission data demonstrating thattests using the alternate apparatus during

the procedures specified in this sectionyield failing results as often as, or moreoften than, tests using the apparatusspecified in the standard. Themanufacturer shall provide the

supporting data to the Office ofCompliance, Recalls & ComplianceDivision, U.S. Consumer Product SafetyCommission, 4330 East West Highway,Bethesda, Maryland 20814. Staff willreview the data and determine whetherthe alternate apparatus may be used.

Sec. 1633.8 Findings.(a) General. In order to issue a

flammability standard under the FFA,

the FFA requires the Commission tomake certain findings and to includethese in the regulation, 15 U.S.C.1193(j)(2). These findings are discussedin this section.

(b) Voluntary standards. No findingsconcerning compliance with andadequacy of a voluntary standard arenecessary because no relevant voluntarystandard addressing the risk of injurythat is addressed by this regulation hasbeen adopted and implemented.

(c) Relationship of benefits to costs.The Commission estimates the potentialtotal lifetime benefits of a mattress thatcomplies with this standard to rangefrom $45 to $57 per mattress set (basedon a 10 year mattress life and a 3%discount rate). The Commissionestimates total resource costs of thestandard to range from $8 to $22 permattress. This yields net benefits of $23to $50 per mattress set. The Commissionestimates that aggregate lifetime benefitsassociated with all mattresses producedthe first year the standard becomeseffective range from $1,024 to $1,307million, and that aggregate resourcecosts associated with these mattressesrange from $175 to $511 million,


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yielding net benefits of about $514 to$1,132 million. Accordingly, theCommission finds that the benefits fromthe regulation bear a reasonablerelationship to its costs.

(d) Least burdensome requirement.The Commission considered thefollowing alternatives: alternativemaximum peak heat release rate andtest duration, alternative total heatreleased in the first 10 minutes of thetest, mandatory production testing, alonger effective date, taking no action,relying on a voluntary standard, andrequiring labeling alone (without anyperformance requirements). The

alternatives of taking no action, relyingon a voluntary standard (if one existed),and requiring labeling alone are unlikelyto adequately reduce the risk. Requiringa criterion of 25 MJ total heat releaseduring the first 10 minutes of the testinstead of 15 MJ would likely reduce theestimated benefits (deaths and injuriesreduced) without having much effect oncosts. Both options of increasing theduration of the test from 30 minutes to60 minutes and decreasing the peak rateof heat release from 200 kW to 150 kWwould likely increase costs significantlywithout substantial increase in benefits.Requiring production testing would alsolikely increase costs. Therefore, theCommission finds that an open flamestandard for mattresses with the testingrequirements and criteria that arespecified in the Commission rule is theleast burdensome requirement thatwould prevent or adequately reduce therisk of injury for which the regulation isbeing promulgated.

Sec. 1633.9 Glossary of terms.(a) Absorbent pad. Pad used on top of

mattress. Designed to absorb

moisture/body fluids thereby reducingskin irritation, can be one time use.

(b) Basket pad. Cushion for use in aninfant basket.

(c) Bunk beds. A tier of beds, usually

two or three, in a high frame completewith mattresses (see Figure 11 of thispart).

(d) Car bed. Portable bed used to carrya baby in an automobile.

(e) Carriage pad. Cushion to go into ababy carriage.

(f) Chaise lounge. An upholsteredcouch chair or a couch with a chair back.It has a permanent back rest, no arms,and sleeps one (see Figure 11).

(g) Convertible sofa. An upholsteredsofa that converts into an adult sizedbed. Mattress unfolds out and up fromunder the seat cushioning (see Figure11).

(h) Corner groups. Two twin sizebedding sets on frames, usuallyslipcovered, and abutted to a cornertable. They also usually have loosebolsters slipcovered (see Figure 11).

(i) Crib bumper. Padded cushionwhich goes around three or four sidesinside a crib to protect the baby. Canalso be used in a playpen.

(j) Daybed. Daybed has foundation,usually supported by coil or flat springs,mounted between arms on whichmattress is placed. It has permanentarms, no backrest, and sleeps one (seeFigure 11).

(k) Dressing table pad. Pad to cushiona baby on top of a dressing table.

(l) Drop-arm loveseat. When sidearms are in vertical position, this piece isa loveseat. The adjustable arms can belowered to one of four positions for achaise lounge effect or a single sleeper.The vertical back support alwaysremains upright and stationary (seeFigure 11).


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(m) Futon. A flexible mattressgenerally used on the floor that canbe folded or rolled up for storage. Itusually consists of resilient materialcovered by ticking.

(n) High riser. This is a frame of sofaseating height with two equal sizemattresses without a backrest. The frameslides out with the lower mattress andrises to form a double or two single beds(see Figure 11).

(o) Infant carrier and lounge pad. Padto cushion a baby in an infant carrier.

(p) Mattress foundation. This is aticking covered structure used to supporta mattress or sleep surface. The structure

may include constructed frames, foam,box springs or other materials used aloneor in combination.

(q) Murphy bed. A style of sleepsystem where the mattress andfoundation are fastened to the wall andprovide a means to retract or rotate thebed assembly into the wall to releasemore floor area for other uses.

(r) Pillow. Cloth bag filled withresilient material such as feathers, down,sponge rubber, urethane, or fiber used asthe support for the head of a person.

(s) Playpen pad. Cushion used on thebottom of a playpen.

(t) Portable crib. Smaller size than aconventional crib. Can usually beconverted into a playpen.

(u) Quilted means stitched with threador by fusion through the ticking and oneor more layers of material.

(v) Roll-away-bed. Portable bedwhich has frame that folds with themattress for compact storage.

(w) Sleep lounge. Upholstered seatingsection which is mounted on a frame.May have bolster pillows along the wallas backrests or may have attachedheadrests (see Figure 11).

(x) Stroller pad. Cushion used in ababy stroller.

(y) Sofa bed. These are pieces inwhich the back of the sofa swings downflat with the seat to form the sleeping

surface. Some sofa beds have beddingboxes for storage of bedding. There aretwo types: the one-piece, where the backand seat are upholstered as a unit,supplying an unbroken sleeping surface;and the two-piece, where back and seatare upholstered separately (see Figure 11of this part).

(z) Sofa lounge--(includes glideouts).Upholstered seating section is mountedon springs and in a frame that permit it

to be pulled out for sleeping. Hasupholstered backrest bedding box that ishinged. Glideouts are single sleeperswith sloping seats and backrests. Seatpulls out from beneath back and evensup to supply level sleeping surface (seeFigure 11).

(aa) Studio couch. Consists ofupholstered seating section onupholstered foundation. Many typesconvert to twin beds (see Figure 11).

(bb) Studio divan. Twin sizeupholstered seating section withfoundation is mounted on metal bedframe. Has no arms or backrest, andsleeps one (see Figure 11 of this part).

(cc) Trundle bed. A low bed which isrolled under a larger bed. In some lines,the lower bed springs up to form adouble or two single beds as in a highriser (see Figure 11).

(dd) Tufted means buttoned or lacedthrough the ticking and upholsterymaterial and/or core, or having theticking and loft material and/or coredrawn together at intervals by any othermethod which produces a series ofdepressions on the surface.

(ee) Twin studio divan. Frames whichglide out (but not up) and use seat


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cushions, in addition to upholsteredfoundation to sleep two. Has neitherarms nor back rest (see Figure 11).

(ff) Flip or sleeper chair. Chair thatunfolds to be used for sleeping, typically

has several connecting fabric covered,solid foam core segments.

Subpart B--Rules and RegulationsSec. 1633.10 Definitions.

(a) Standard means the Standard forthe Flammability (Open-Flame) ofMattress Sets (16 CFR part 1633,subpart A).

(b) The definition of terms set forth inthe Sec. 1633.2 of the Standard shall

also apply to this section.

Sec. 1633.11 Records.(a) Test and manufacturing records C

general. Every manufacturer and anyother person initially introducing intocommerce mattress sets subject to thestandard, irrespective of whetherguarantees are issued relative thereto,shall maintain the following records inEnglish at a location in the UnitedStates:

(1) Test results and details of each testperformed by or for that manufacturer(including failures), whether forqualification, confirmation, orproduction, in accordance with Sec.1633.7. Details shall include: name andcomplete physical address of testfacility, type of test room, test roomconditions, time that sample spent out ofconditioning area before starting test,prototype or production identificationnumber, and test data including the peakrate of heat release, total heat release infirst 10 minutes, a graphic depiction ofthe peak rate of heat release and totalheat release over time. These recordsshall include the name and signature of

person conducting the test, the date ofthe test, and a certification by the personoverseeing the testing as to the testresults and that the test was carried outin accordance with the Standard. For

confirmation tests, the identificationnumber must be that of the prototypetested.

(2) Video and/or a minimum of eightphotographs of the testing of eachmattress set, in accordance with Sec.1633.7 (one taken before the test starts,one taken within 45 seconds of the startof the test, and the remaining six taken atfive minute intervals, starting at 5minutes and ending at 30 minutes), with

the prototype identification number orproduction lot identification number ofthe mattress set, date and time of test,and name and location of testing facilityclearly displayed.

(b) Prototype records. In addition tothe records specified in paragraph (a) ofthis section, the following records shallbe maintained for each qualified,confirmed and subordinate prototype:

(1) Unique identification number forthe qualified or confirmed prototype anda list of the unique identificationnumbers of each subordinate prototypebased on the qualified or confirmedprototype. Subordinate prototypes thatdiffer from each other only be length orwidth may share the same identificationnumber.

(2) A detailed description of allmaterials, components, and methods ofassembly for each qualified, confirmedand subordinate prototype. Suchdescription shall include thespecifications of all materials andcomponents, and the name and completephysical address of each material andcomponent supplier.

(3) A list of which models andproduction lots of mattress sets are


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represented by each qualified, confirmedand/or subordinate prototypeidentification number.

(4) For subordinate prototypes, theprototype identification number of the

qualified or confirmed prototype onwhich the mattress set is based, and, at aminimum, the manufacturingspecifications and a description of thematerials substituted, photographs orphysical specimens of the substitutedmaterials, and documentation based onobjectively reasonable criteria that thechange in any component, material, ormethod of assembly will not cause thesubordinate prototype to exceed the test

criteria specified in Sec. 1633.3(b).(5) Identification, composition, anddetails of the application of any flameretardant treatments and/or inherentlyflame resistant fibers or other materialsemployed in mattress components.

(c) Pooling confirmation test records.In addition to the test and prototyperecords specified in paragraphs (a) and(b) of this section, the following recordsshall be maintained:

(1) The prototype identificationnumber assigned by the qualifiedprototype manufacturer;

(2) Name and complete physicaladdress of the qualified prototypemanufacturer;

(3) Copy of qualified prototype testrecords, and records required byparagraph (b)(2) of this section; and

(4) In the case of imported mattresssets, the importer shall be responsible formaintaining the records specified inparagraph (b) of this section forconfirmation testing that has beenperformed with respect to mattress setsproduced by each foreign manufacturingfacility whose mattress sets that importeris importing.

(d) Quality assurance records. Inaddition to the records required byparagraph (a) of this section, thefollowing quality assurance records shallbe maintained:

(1) A written copy of themanufacturer's quality assuranceprocedures;

(2) Records of any production testsperformed. Production test records mustbe maintained and shall include, inaddition to the requirements ofparagraph (a) of this section, an assignedproduction lot identification number andthe identification number of thequalified, confirmed or subordinate

prototype associated with the specimentested;(3) For each qualified, confirmed and

subordinate prototype, the number ofmattress sets in each production lotbased on that prototype;

(4) The start and end dates ofproduction of that lot; and

(5) Component, material andassembly records. Every manufacturerconducting tests and/or technicalevaluations of components and materialsand/or methods of assembly mustmaintain detailed records of such testsand evaluations.

(e) Record retention requirements.The records required under this Sectionshall be maintained by the manufacturer(including importers) for as long asmattress sets based on the prototype inquestion are in production and shall beretained for 3 years thereafter. Recordsshall be available upon the request ofCommission staff.

(f) Record location requirements. (1)For mattress sets produced in the UnitedStates, all records required by thissection must be maintained at the plantor factory at which the mattress sets aremanufactured or assembled.


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(2) For mattress sets produced outsideof the United States, a copy of allrecords required by this section must bemaintained at a U.S. location, whichmust be identified on the mattress set

label as specified in Sec. 1633.12(a).

Sec. 1633.12 Labeling.(a) Each mattress set subject to the

Standard shall bear a permanent,conspicuous, and legible label(s)containing the following information(and no other information) in English:

(1) Name of the manufacturer, or forimported mattress sets, the name of theforeign manufacturer and importer;

(2)(i) For mattress sets produced inthe United States, the complete physicaladdress of the manufacturer.

(ii) For imported mattress sets, thecomplete address of the foreignmanufacturer, including country, and thecomplete physical address of theimporter or the United States locationwhere the required records aremaintained if different from theimporter;

(3) Month and year of manufacture;(4) Model identification;(5) Prototype identification number

for the mattress set;(6) A certification that the mattress

complies with this standard.(i) For mattresses intended to be sold

without a foundation, a certificationstating This mattress meets therequirements of 16 CFRpart 1633 (federal flammability (openflame) standard for mattresses)when used without a foundation; or

(ii) For mattresses intended to be soldwith a foundation, a certification statingThis mattress meets the requirements of16 CFR part 1633 (federal flammability(open flame) standard for mattresses)

when used with foundation . Suchfoundation(s) shall be clearly identifiedby a simple and distinct name and/ornumber on the mattress label; or

(iii) For mattresses intended to be sold

both alone and with a foundation, acertification stating This mattress meetsthe requirements of 16 CFR part 1633(federal flammability (open flame)standard for mattresses) when usedwithout a foundation or withfoundation(s) .; and

(7) A statement identifying whetherthe manufacturer intends the mattress tobe sold alone or with a foundation.

(i) For mattresses intended to be sold

without a foundation, the label shall stateTHIS MATTRESS IS INTENDED TOBE USED WITHOUT AFOUNDATION. See Figures 16 and 17of this part; or

(ii) For mattresses intended to be soldwith a foundation, the label shall stateTHIS MATTRESS IS INTENDED TOBE USED WITH FOUNDATION(S): .See Figures 12 and 13 of this part; or

(iii) For mattresses intended to be soldboth alone and with a foundation, thelabel shall state THIS MATTRESS ISINTENDED TO BE USED WITHOUTA FOUNDATION OR WITHFOUNDATION(S): . See Figures 14and 15 of this part.

(b) The mattress label required inparagraph (a) of this section mustmeasure 2\3/4\ in width and the lengthcan increase as needed for varyinginformation. The label must be whitewith black text. The label text shallcomply with the following formatrequirements:

(1) All information specified inparagraphs (a)(1) through (6) of thissection must be in 6-point font or largerwith mixed uppercase and lowercaseletters. The text must be left justified and


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begin 1/4 from left edge of label. SeeFigure 12-17 of this part.

(2) The statement specified inparagraph (a)(7)(i) of this sectionmust be in 10-point Arial/Helvetica font

or larger, uppercase letters with thewords WITHOUT A FOUNDATIONbolded and the word WITHOUT initalics. The text shall be centered in atext box with the width measuring 2-1/2and the length increasing as needed. SeeFigures 16 and 17 of this part.

(3) The statement specified inparagraph (a)(7)(ii) of this section mustbe in 10-point Arial/Helvetica font orlarger in uppercase letters. The

foundation identifier should be in 12-point font or larger, bolded, andunderlined. The text shall be centered ina text box with the width measuring 2-1/2 and the length increasing as needed.See Figures 12 and 13 of this part.

(4) The statement specified inparagraph (a)(7)(iii) of this section mustbe in 10-point or larger Arial/Helveticafont, uppercase letters with the wordsWITHOUT A FOUNDATION ORbolded and the word WITHOUT initalics. The foundation identifier shouldbe in 12-point font or larger, bolded, andunderlined. The text shall be centered ina text box with the width measuring 2-1/2 and the length increasing as needed.See Figures 14 and 15 of this part.

(c) The foundation label required inparagraph (a) of this section mustmeasure 2-3/4 in width and the lengthcan increase as needed for varyinginformation. The label must be whitewith black text. The label shall containthe following:

(1) The information specified inparagraphs (a)(1) through (5) ofthis section; and

(2) The words Foundation ID:followed by a distinct name and/or

number that corresponds to the nameand/or number used on the mattress.This text must be in 10-point or largerbold Arial/Helvetica font, and thefoundation identifier must be underlined.

See Figures 12 through 15 of this part.(d) The statements specified inparagraphs (a)(7(i) and (a)(7)(ii), and(a)(7)(iii) of this section may betranslated into any other language andprinted on the reverse (blank) side of thelabel.

(e) No person, other than the ultimateconsumer, shall remove or mutilate, orcause or participate in the removal ormutilation of, any label required by this

section to be affixed to any item.

Sec. 1633.13 Tests for guarantypurposes, compliance with thissection, and ``one of a kind''exemption.

(a) Tests for guaranty purposes.Reasonable and representative tests forthe purpose of issuing a guaranty undersection 8 of the Flammable Fabrics Act,15 U.S.C. 1197, for mattress sets subjectto the Standard shall be the testsperformed to show compliance with theStandard.

(b) Compliance with this section. Noperson subject to the Flammable FabricsAct shall manufacture for sale, import,distribute, or otherwise market or handleany mattress set which is not incompliance with the provisions underSubpart B.

(c) ``One of a kind'' exemption forphysician prescribed mattresses. (1)(i) Amattress set manufactured in accordancewith a physician's written prescription ormanufactured in accordance with othercomparable written medical therapeuticspecification, to be used in connectionwith the treatment or management of anamed individual's physical illness or


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injury, shall be considered a one of akind mattress and shall be exempt fromtesting under the Standard pursuantto Sec. 1633.7 thereof: Provided, that themattress set bears a permanent,

conspicuous and legible label whichstates:

WARNING: This mattress set may besubject to a large fire if exposed to anopen flame. It was manufactured inaccordance with a physician'sprescription and has not been testedunder the Federal Standard for theFlammability (Open-Flame) of MattressSets (16 CFR part 1633).

(ii) Such labeling must be attached tothe mattress set so as to remain on oraffixed thereto for the useful life of themattress set. The label must be at least40 square inches (250 sq. cm) with nolinear dimension less than 5 inches (12.5cm). The letters in the wordWARNING shall be no less than 0.5

inch (1.27 cm) in height and all letterson the label shall be in a color whichcontrasts with the background of thelabel. The warning statement whichappears on the label must also be

conspicuously displayed on the invoiceor other sales papers that accompany themattress set in commerce from themanufacturer to the final point of sale toa consumer.

(2) The manufacturer of a mattress setexempted from testing under thisparagraph (c) shall, in lieu of the recordsrequired to be kept by Sec. 1633.10,retain a copy of the written prescriptionor other comparable written medical

therapeutic specification for suchmattress set during a period of threeyears, measured from the date ofmanufacture.

(3) For purposes of this regulation theterm physician shall mean a physician,chiropractor or osteopath licensed orotherwise permitted to practice by anyState of the United States.


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