Financing for Education in AfricaHow can CSO affect National Budget amongst other sources of

financing

Theophane NikyemaExecutive Director

9th CSO Forum Meeting Dakar 3rd April 2014

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The African Child Policy Forum (ACPF)

Established in September 2003

Independent Pan-African Institution of Policy Research and Advocacy on African Child Rights and Wellbeing based in Addis Ababa

Governed by an International Board of Trustees Chaired by H.E. President Joachim Chissano, former President of Mozambique (1986 to 2005)Institutional members: Chairpersons of the ACERWC and the UNCRC Individual members Distinguished Fellows

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Mission= Put children issues on public & political agenda through:

Provision of platforms and forums for dialogueInternational Policy Conferences, The Larissa Award, Online platform: Infohub – Resource Center

Research/polls on issues of children in Africa and provision of information and guidelines on legal and policy reforms Production of reports, publications

The African Report on Child Wellbeing, Child Justice, Violence against Children, The Child Law Resources (CLR)

Production of media oriented documentaries Once mum was gone, Beating Violence, Born to high risk

The African Child Policy Forum (ACPF)

Africa’s Commitment to Education

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African Governments recognize:

Education = a fundamental right children entitled

Education = a necessary investment in human capital

Investing in education = important strategy for nation building

Education = Development

Education for All in Africa

Adoption of Dakar Framework for Action: a global education framework adopted by 164 countries

First Decade of Education in Africa (1997 – 2006)

Second Decade of Education in Africa (2006 – 2015)

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Africa’s Commitment to Education

1st Decade (1997 – 2006) 2nd Decade (2006 – 2015)

Equity & Access to Basic Education

Gender and Culture

Quality, Relevance & Effectiveness

Ed Management Info Systems

Complementary Learning Modalities

Teacher Development

Capacity Building Higher Education

Technical & Vocational Ed & Training, including Ed in Difficult Situations

Curriculum, Teaching & Learning Materials

Quality Management

Early Childhood Development

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African Governments - Dakar Commitment: Allocate at least 7% of GDP to education by 2005 and Increase to 9%by 2010

Mobilize new financial resources in forms of grants and concessional assistance from bilateral, multilaterals (World Bank, Regional development banks) and Private sector

International agencies to double their financial support (capacity building & management development)

“No countries seriously committed to education for all will be thwarted in their achievement of this goal by a lack of resources”

Commitment to Education: Financing

Source: UNESCO 2013

Public Expenditure on Education

Country %

Lesotho 13.0

Djibouti 8.4

Namibia 8.4

Ghana 8.2

Botswana 7.8

Swaziland 7.8

Comoros 7.6

Kenya 6.7

Congo 6.2

Tanzania 6.2

Tunisia 6.2

Burundi 6.1

Country %

South Africa 6.0

Cape Verde 5.6

Senegal 5.6

Malawi 5.4

Morocco 5.4

Benin 5.3

Mozambique 5.0

Rwanda 4.8

Seychelles 4.8

Ethiopia 4.7

Mali 4.7

Cote d’Ivoire 4.6

Source: UNESCO 2013

Public Expenditure on Education

Country %

Togo 4.6

Niger 4.5

Algeria 4.3

The Gambia 3.9

Gabon 3.8

Egypt 3.8

Mauritania 3.7

Mauritius 3.7

Angola 3.5

Burkina Faso 3.4

Cameroon 3.2

Uganda 3.2

Country %

Guinea 3.1

Madagascar 2.8

Sierra Leone 2.7

Chad 2.6

Dem. Rep. of Congo 2.5

Zimbabwe 2.5

Eritrea 2.1

Liberia 1.9

Zambia 1.3

Central African Republic

1.2

Equatorial Guinea 0.6

Only Lesotho met the Abuja target

The average expenditure is just half of what is expected

13.0

8.4 8.4 8.2 7.8 7.8 7.66.7

4.62.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.3 1.2 0.6

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Dakar minimum commitment - 9% of GDP

Source: UNESCO 2013

Budget expenditure on education much lower than the Dakar commitment

Public Expenditure on Education

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Governments increased investments

Significant donors contributions

Increasing part of education assumed by Private sector

Innovations in financing

Donor aid not adequately spent

Absorption capacity

Financing: Results & Challenges

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Primary education boom, secondary education deficit and declining quality

Many countries unlikely to reach UPE by 2015 due to lack of teachers

Efforts still required for development of ECD and its inclusion in other multi-sectoral and sectoral policies and strategic plans

Technical and Vocational Education and Training remain a poorly recognized and underfunded sector by mainstream education players

Commitment to Education: Results

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Higher education: development of continental quality rating mechanisms and establishment of the Pan African University to support research collaboration and enhance science and technology

Higher Inequality in higher education still a challenge: fewer women students from rural areas and vulnerable groups

Curriculum development and teaching and learning materials are limited at the regional and continental levels, despite numerous countries having undertaken major curriculum reviews

Despite progress in developing Management Information System many countries Lack critical data on key education issues

Commitment to Education: Results

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Post-2015: Opportunities & Challenges

Opportunities Challenges

Economic growth and poverty reduction Increasing inequalities

Social development outcomes Malnutrition and child mortality

Political interest/commitment to children Inadequate budgetary allocation for children

Increasing young population Demands for increased social development outcomes

Strong family and social cohesion Poor quality of primary education and significant gaps in secondary and ECD

New development partners & frameworks Limited employment opportunities

A more peaceful continent Capacity gaps in transforming policies into practice

Inadequate attention to supporting family

Urbanization/breakdown social networks

Inadequate protection systems

Instability, governance, pop displacement

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Priority Countries

Benin Ethiopia Nigeria

Burkina Faso Guinea-Bissau Rwanda

Burundi Kenya Sierra Leone

CAR Liberia Somalia

Chad Madagascar Tanzania

Comoros Malawi Togo

Cote d’Ivoire Mali The Gambia

DRC Mozambique Uganda

Eritrea Niger Zimbabwe

Source: Report for UN Special Envoy 2013

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Strengthening CSOs networking and engagementBasis = Dakar Framework for Action: Ensure the engagement and participation of CSO in the formulation, implementation, and monitoring of strategies for educational developmentStrengthen engagement with governmentReinforce network/alliance amongst CSOsReinforce coordination between National and International CSOsStrengthen alternative reports to ACERWC / UNCRC

Strengthening CSOs skills in Advocacy/LobbyingDrawing from evidence to inform policiesBudget AdvocacyAnalysis/Monitoring National BudgetAdvocacy with partners (bilateral and multilateral)

Way Forward for CSOs

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Strengthening Social AccountabilityPromote or facilitate actions and mechanisms for greater accountabilityStrengthen CSOs accountability vis-à-vis communities they serve

Strengthening/Setting Up Child ObservatoryInnovating on mechanisms for listening to voices of children and engaging themFacilitating role of media in monitoring/reporting

Way Forward for CSOs

www.africanchildforum.org

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resourcecentre.africanchildforum.org

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www.africanchildinfo.net

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THANK YOU