Finding Order in DiversityFinding Order in Diversity

Chapter 18Chapter 18

Section 1Section 1

NotesNotes

Why Classify?Why Classify?

Why do we classify organisms?Why do we classify organisms?

• Organize into biologically meaningful groups

• Show relationships• Give universally

accepted scientific names

• Eliminate confusion!

How Do We Name Organisms?How Do We Name Organisms?

• In 1735, a Swedish botanist developed a system of naming organisms

• What was this system called?• Binomial nomenclature• What does this stand for?• 2 name naming• Who was this Swed?• Carolus Linnaeus

LinnaeusLinnaeus

The Fundamentals of The Fundamentals of Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature

• Each organism given a two part name. • The first word is its Genus group• Second word is descriptive and is its species

name• Use Latin to compose the names. Why?• Latin is a dead language.• Scientific names are written in English

characters world-wide. • Scientific names are always italicized or

underlined with Genus name capitalized

Binomial Nomenclature – Some Binomial Nomenclature – Some ExamplesExamples

Homo sapien = HumanChemistry Teacher =

Chemis nerdus

Felis domesticusFelis domesticus

• Cat

Canis familiarisCanis familiaris

• dog

Acer rubrumAcer rubrum

• Red Maple

Taraxacum officionaleTaraxacum officionale

• dandelion

TaxonomyTaxonomy

• The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.

• Taxa (Taxon) = – The assigned groups

• Linnaeus began grouping by morphology (form and structure)

The TaxaThe Taxa

• What is the smallest group with the most similarities among members?

• species

• And a group of similar species is called?

• Genus

ExamplesExamples

Panthera leo = lionPanthera tigris = tigerFelis domesticus = CatFelis concolor = Mountain lion

Genus = Panthera

Genus = Felis

Continuing with the TaxaContinuing with the Taxa

• Groups of similar Genera form a:– Family

• Felidae = cat family and includes Genera

• Panthera, Felis, Acinonyx and other cat Genera

Continuing with the TaxaContinuing with the Taxa

• Several similar Families form an – Order

• Carnivora is the Order containing Families:

• Felidae, Ursidae, Canidae, etc.

Continuing with the TaxaContinuing with the Taxa

• Orders are grouped into… – Classes

Mammalia formed from orders Carnivora, Primates, Rodentia, etc.

Continuing with the TaxaContinuing with the Taxa

• Many classes are grouped together into– Phyla

• Chordata includes the classes Mammalia, Reptilia, Aves & Osteichthyes, etc.

Continuing with the TaxaContinuing with the Taxa

• Many Phyla together form a… – Kingdom

• Kingdom Animalia includes Phyla Chordata, Arthropoda, Annelida, Porifera

& Echinodermata, etc.

Putting it in perspectivePutting it in perspective

• The Kingdom is the largest group with the least number of common characteristics among its members.

• The species is the smallest group with the most number of common characteristics.

The Taxa of…?The Taxa of…?