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UNCLASSIFIED Findings and Recommendations Global 2001 NCW Innovation Cell CAPT Don Inbody Director, Joint C4ISR Decision Support Center
UNCLASSIFIED
Findings and Recommendations Global 2001
NCW Innovation Cell
CAPT Don InbodyDirector, Joint C4ISR Decision Support Center
UNCLASSIFIED
Approach
• Scientific Method– Control, Experiment– Test hypotheses
• Analytic Rigor– Measures of Force Effectiveness– Measures of Effectiveness– Measures of Performance
Re-establish status quo in
JOA
Risk (inside/outside
AOR)Casualties
Time to Achieve Policy
Objectives
Maneuver forces to gain dominant advantage
Precisely engage adversary systems
Sustain forces in JOAProtect forces and non-
combatantsCommand/Direct Forces &
Support
e.g. Centers of Gravity held at risk
e.g. Kills Per Sortie - Losses - Damage
e.g. Sortie Rate e.g. Avoidable Lossese.g. % Acts Consistent w/Commanders Intent
Gain assured access to JOA
e.g. Ship-Days in Gulf orForce Able to Mass Effects
Achieve high OPTEMPO
e.g. Rate of Effective Ops vs. Centers of Gravity
Measures Of Performance Disrupted By Obstacles To NCW (Programs of Record)
Info Availability (Exchange/Collaboration)
Timeliness (speed, timing)of Decision-making
Assessment Accuracy
“Counter-fire” effectiveness
Susceptibility / Vulnerability of HVTs
TPFD Closure Capacity
Flexibility/Adaptability of Forces & Suppliers
Visibility of Supply & Demand
Target track accuracy and holding time
Launch platform surviviability
Movement/reaction delay
ISR/Info Search Rates(anti-access systems, COGs)
Data-to-Knowledge Processing Capacity
Mobility of forces and support
Max weapon or effect range
Area Defended(air threats, irregular threats)
Timeliness of Indications & Warning
Awareness of terrain and battlespace
Mobility of forces and support
Force efficiency
Movement/reaction delay
Max weapon or effect range
% HVTs ID’d(& Held at Risk)
Target(s)-Weapon(s) Pairing Effectiveness
Weapon (Effect) Performance(Range, Accuracy, PK)
Target track accuracy and holding time
Launch platform surviviability
“Footprint” in JOA
TPFD Closure Capacity
Flexibility/Adaptability of Forces & Suppliers
Visibility of Supply & Demand
“Counter-fire” effectiveness
Susceptibility /Vulnerability of HVTs
“Counter-fire” effectiveness
Susceptibility / Vulnerability of HVTs
TPFD Closure Capacity
Flexibility/Adaptability of Forces & Suppliers
Visibility of Supply & Demand
Target track accuracy and holding time
Launch platform surviviability
Movement/reaction delay
Mobility of forces and support
Max weapon or effect range
Area Defended(air threats, irregular threats)
Timeliness of Indications & Warning
Awareness of terrain and battlespace
Force efficiency
Target(s)-Weapon(s) Pairing Effectiveness
Weapon (Effect) Performance(Range, Accuracy, PK)
ISR/Info Search Rates(anti-access systems, COGs)
Data-to-Knowledge Processing Capacity
Mobility of forces and support
Max weapon or effect range
% HVTs ID’d(& Held at Risk)
“Footprint” in JOA
Info Availability (Exchange/Collaboration)
Timeliness (speed, timing)of Decision-making
Assessment Accuracy
Movement/reaction delay
Target track accuracy and holding time
Launch platform surviviability
TPFD Closure Capacity
Flexibility/Adaptability of Forces & Suppliers
Visibility of Supply & Demand
“Counter-fire” effectiveness
Susceptibility /Vulnerability of HVTs
Re-establish status quo in
JOA
Risk (inside/outside
AOR)Casualties
Time to Achieve Policy
Objectives
Maneuver forces to gain dominant advantage
Precisely engage adversary systems
Sustain forces in JOAProtect forces and non-
combatantsCommand/Direct Forces &
Support
e.g. Centers of Gravity held at risk
e.g. Kills Per Sortie - Losses - Damage
e.g. Sortie Rate e.g. Avoidable Lossese.g. % Acts Consistent w/Commanders Intent
Gain assured access to JOA
e.g. Ship-Days in Gulf orForce Able to Mass Effects
Achieve high OPTEMPO
e.g. Rate of Effective Ops vs. Centers of Gravity
Info Availability (Exchange/Collaboration)
Timeliness (speed, timing)of Decision-making
Assessment Accuracy
“Counter-fire” effectiveness
Susceptibility / Vulnerability of HVTs
TPFD Closure Capacity
Flexibility/Adaptability of Forces & Suppliers
Visibility of Supply & Demand
Target track accuracy and holding time
Launch platform surviviability
Movement/reaction delay
ISR/Info Search Rates(anti-access systems, COGs)
Data-to-Knowledge Processing Capacity
Mobility of forces and support
Max weapon or effect range
Area Defended(air threats, irregular threats)
Timeliness of Indications & Warning
Awareness of terrain and battlespace
Mobility of forces and support
Force efficiency
Movement/reaction delay
Max weapon or effect range
% HVTs ID’d(& Held at Risk)
Target(s)-Weapon(s) Pairing Effectiveness
Weapon (Effect) Performance(Range, Accuracy, PK)
Target track accuracy and holding time
Launch platform surviviability
“Footprint” in JOA
TPFD Closure Capacity
Flexibility/Adaptability of Forces & Suppliers
Visibility of Supply & Demand
“Counter-fire” effectiveness
Susceptibility /Vulnerability of HVTs
Measures Of Performance Disrupted By Obstacles To NCW (Future Programs)
UNCLASSIFIED
Findings
• The Joint force will fail to achieve its full potential effectiveness without implementation of Network Centric Warfare principles
• Current programs of record are insufficient to implement NCW principles
• Future planned programs provide only incremental improvement
• Further innovation is necessary to implement NCW – Full integration across program and system lines – Doctrine– Organization– Training
UNCLASSIFIED
Principal Issue
• “Impedance mismatches” in information transfer usually fall along systems, program, mission, and service lines.
• ergo: – any organization or program that appears to fall along
service lines is suspect– acquisition programs not under a system of systems
integration umbrella is suspect
UNCLASSIFIED
Recommendations
• Doctrine and Training– New/modified TTP/CONOPS/Doctrine to fully
achieve the capabilities offered by the new technologies
– Create a T&E force (JFCOM?) using CONUS-based forces to organize a JTF that will train jointly developing and using NC principles
UNCLASSIFIED
Recommendations
• Systems Integration (Acquisition)– Integrate acquisition programs under NCW focused mission
capability area umbrellas with mechanism to balance funding and ensure technical compliance/interoperability (e.g.)
• SIAP SE• Link-16/JDN/WIN-T/JTRS/JTI• GCCS• DCGS
– Invest in distributed, modeling & simulation environments (such as JDEP, Dnet, and ACETEF) to enable concurrent doctrine and systems development to link warfighter with acquisition communities and rapidly field NCW focused capabilities
• Doctrine/tactics development• System development and test• Provide consistent methods to measure and compare system
performance
UNCLASSIFIED
Recommendations
• Organization– Create standing JTF Headquarters (at
JFCOM?) to train to Joint standards of organization able to respond to world-wide crises, tasks.
– Organize (at JTF level) by warfare function (Fires, Maneuver, Resources) vice service (ARFOR, LCC, NAVFOR, JFMCC, JFACC)
UNCLASSIFIED
Global 2001
Innovation Game
Network Centric Warfare Cell
UNCLASSIFIED
Developing a Joint Task Force Headquarters
A Path Ahead
April 21, 2023
UNCLASSIFIED
Current Situation:
• Existing capabilities are available now• Joint Mobile Ashore Support
Terminals• AN/MSQ-126: Integrated Mobile
MARFORPAC Command Post• Multiple ACTDs add additional
capability
Necessary Functions:• Communicate (Up/Down, Sideways including
Coalition and NGO)• General Situational Awareness (Red & Blue)• Logistics (Situational Awareness &
Management)• Dynamic Retasking of Intel• Direct Fire• Direct Maneuver• Net Assessment (Effects-based Operations)• Information Operations • Rapid Execution
Standing Joint Task Force Headquarters
Known Shortfalls:
• Standard Operating Procedures• Trained Staff• System Flexibility• Knowledge Management /
Information Superiority• Interoperability• Information Operations / IA /
OPSEC
Programs Examined by DSC:
• 48 Advanced Concept Tech Demos• 5 DARPA Programs• 7 Joint Test & Evaluation Projects• 26 Concepts
UNCLASSIFIED
Most Attractive Candidate Systems / Concepts
Communications• Airborne C4ISR Node
• Extending the Littoral Battlespace
• Joint Interface Control Officer Support System
Command and Control• Joint Continuous Strike Environment
• Automated Deep Operations Coordination System
• Federated Assessment Target Enhancement
• Adaptive Courses of Action / CINC 21
Logistics• Joint Logistics/Joint Theater Logistics/Coalition Theater Logistics
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance• Integrated Collection Management
Information Operations• Information Operations Planning Tool
UNCLASSIFIED
The JTF HQ Shortfalls
DoctrineNo clear command relationshipsCurrent SOPs and TTPs are not integratedSeparate planning and execution processesSensor control (physical)Dynamic collection managementData disseminationInfo Assurance / OPSEC
MaterielCommunications capabilitiesCommon Operating PictureJoint logistics planningDynamic sensor retaskingLow Density / High Demand ISR PlatformsSpace Based InfraredJoint FiresInteroperabilityInfo Ops/ Assurance/ OPSEC
PersonnelNo assigned personnelAdditional Intelligence data to analyze
FacilitiesNo dedicated facilitiesNo common facilitiesISR Tasking, Processing, Exploitation, Dissemination
OrganizationNo permanent staffNot fully using reachback capabilitiesNeed to integrate JTF HQIdentify and train staff earlyCollocation of DCGS with JTF
LeadershipChain of command and command relationships must be specifiedDecentralized operations require understanding of commander’s intent
TrainingEstablish a school houseJoint operational training is secondary to tactical trainingTime Critical Targeting cycle
UNCLASSIFIED
Materiel Fixes Solutions
DoctrineNo clear command relationshipsCurrent SOPs and TTPs are not integratedSeparate planning and execution processesSensor control (physical)Dynamic collection managementData disseminationInfo Assurance / OPSEC
PersonnelNo assigned personnelAdditional Intelligence data to analyze
FacilitiesNo dedicated facilitiesNo common facilitiesISR Tasking, Processing, Exploitation, Dissemination
OrganizationNo permanent staffNot fully using reachback capabilitiesNeed to integrate JTF HQIdentify and train staff earlyCollocation of DCGS with JTF
LeadershipChain of command and command relationships must be specifiedDecentralized operations require understanding of commander’s intent
TrainingEstablish a school houseJoint operational training is secondary to tactical trainingTime Critical Targeting cycle
MaterielACN (DARPA)ELB ACTDJICO Support SystemACOA ACTDJL/JTL/CTL ACTDICM ACTDJCSE ACTDADOCS ACTDFATE SystemIOPT ACTD
UNCLASSIFIED
Field Capabilities(Initial FY03/04)
(Update as Required)
CJCS Proposed SJTF HQ Model(11/03)
Review & Modify as Necessary(9-12/02)
Approach to Field Standing JTF Headquarters (SJTF HQ)
Test in Millennium Challenge 02 with
CINC support(7-8/02)
• CINC Ownership• Synergy of Full-Time
Staff• Improved Capabilities• Available for Current
Operations• Firm Doctrine and
Training Foundation
Spiral Development
Continues
Add Other Attractive Initiatives(9/02 - ?)
Build on Existing Capability (JMAST)
(9/01)
Add Most Attractive Initiatives(9/01-4/02)
JFCOM Experimental SJTF HQ Standup
(2/02)
CJCS Plan for SJTF(3/02)
UNCLASSIFIED
Back Up Slides
UNCLASSIFIED
Proposed Budget
$ in MillionFY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06
RDT&E 16.0$ 61.0$ 63.8$ 44.2$ 14.0$ PROCUREMENT 10.3$ 13.7$ 30.0$ 23.0$ 51.9$ O&M 1.8$ 3.2$ 5.7$ 6.7$ 9.7$ MILCON 3.0$ 5.0$ 8.0$ 2.0$ -$ Civilian Personnel 2.0$ 6.0$ 9.0$ 12.0$ 15.0$ Military Personnel (cumulative) 55 55 110 220 275Total Funding 33.1$ 88.9$ 116.5$ 87.9$ 90.6$ Fielded JTF HQ 1 2 4 5
Includes: • 5 Upgraded Joint Mobile Ashore Support Terminals or similar• Top 10 Recommended Programs
NOTE: Issue paper being developed for FY02-07 budget through Council of Colonels with COL Krieger
UNCLASSIFIED
MethodologyExamined:
• 48 Advanced Concept Tech Demos• 5 DARPA Programs• 7 Joint Test & Eval Projects• 26 Concepts
Measures:
• Ability to satisfy shortfalls• Schedule• Include all C4ISR functional areas
Sources of requirements/shortfalls:
• JTF C2 Study (Joint Staff/DSC)• Other DSC studies• Joint Mission Force• JFCOM Joint Experiments• Global Info Grid/Joint Operational
Architecture
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Rank (% of Best)
Uti
lity
(%
of
Bes
t)
Top 10
UNCLASSIFIED
Program Ranking: Top 10
ADOCS 9 3 3 3 18 1 18JCSE 9 3 3 3 18 1 18ACOA 3 3 3 9 18 1 18FATE 3 3 3 3 9 21 0.8 16.8ELB 3 9 3 15 0.8 12ACN 3 9 12 0.6 7.2JICO 3 9 12 0.6 7.2IOPT 9 9 1 9ICM 9 9 0.8 7.2JL/JTL/CTL 3 3 9 15 0.9 13.5
Quality Score:9 - Adds New Capability3 - Improves/Integrates Existing Capabilities1 - Automates Manual Process
Maturity Factor:1 - FY02.8 - FY03.7 - Started - IOC Unknown.6 - FY04+
UNCLASSIFIED
Program Ranking: The Rest
Fully tr
ained C
omm
ander JTF a
nd JTF H
Q Sta
ff
Standard
Opera
ting P
roce
dures
JTF A
ug Stru
cture
JTF F
unctio
nality,
flexib
ility
and a
dapability
Ability
to id
entify
and satis
fy C
CIRs
KM fo
r info
superio
rity
Ability
to k
eep pace
with
ops
Execute
join
t forc
e pla
nning
Inte
ropera
bility
IO/IA
/OPSEC
Total
Matu
rity
Factor
Final
JIVE 9 3 12 0.8 9.6CINC 21 3 3 9 1 16 0.6 9.6ABA 3 1 3 7 0.8 5.6C2&D 3 3 6 0.7 4.2TIPS 1 1 1 3 0.7 2.1JeMPRS 0 0CSEL 0 0CID 0 0CCID 0 0PRESS 0 0IDM 3 3 1 6 0.7 4.8TELEPORT 0 0EC5G 0 0JDIICS-D 0 0PKI 3 3 1 3Adv ISR Mgt 9 9 0.7 6.3JISR 3 3 3 1 10 0.6 6BDA in JTT 3 3 3 9 0.6 5.4HUMINT (HICIST) 3 3 6 0.8 4.8HAE UAV 3 3 1 3RTV (RBV) 3 3 1 3SAIP 3 3 1 3CAESAR 1 3 4 0.6 2.4CC&D 3 3 0.7 2.1ESG 3 3 0.7 2.1CMMA 3 3 0.7 2.1UGS 1 1 1 1AJP 0 0TAPS/VSS 0 0
UNCLASSIFIED
JTF Concepts/Programs Reviewed
• USJFCOM - Millenium Challenge 02 (MC 02) JTF-HQ Forward
• USCENTCOM - Joint Deployable C2 Center ACTD • USPACOM - Joint Mission Force (JMF) Systems &
Applications• USCINCPAC - Mobile C4 Command Post to Support
Contingency JTF Operations– USN Joint Mobile Ashore Support Terminal (JMAST)
• USN - Joint Command & Control Capability JCC(X)• USAF - Air Operations Center (AOC) Weapon System • Joint Communications Support Element (JCSE)
UNCLASSIFIED
Baseline JTF C2 Systems & Applications
COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENTGlobal Broadcast System (GBS)SHF SATCOM TerminalTACSAT UHF Terminal (CINC 1/JTF NET)Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) USSOCOM SCAMPI (UHF) TerminalHF/UHF/VHF (Voice & Data)TACTICAL SWITCH Commercial Private Branch Exchange (PBX)CryptoINFORMATION PROCESSING EQUIPMENTUNIX Work StationsPersonal Computers (PCs)JWICS VTC EquipmentRadiant MercuryAUTODIN/Defense Messaging System (DMS)APPLICATIONSGlobal Command and Control System (GCCS) GCCS-Integrated Imagery and Intelligence (GCCS-I3) Personal Computer Integrated Imagery and Intelligence (PCI3)Command and Control Personal Computer (C2PC)Theater Battle Management Core System (TBMCS)Global Combat Support System (GCSS)Joint Operational Planning System (JOPES)Status of Resources and Training System (SORTS)NET MeetingJoint Defense Information Infrastructure Control System - Deployed (JDIICS-D)Personal Communications System (PCS) PCS Data Access Service (PDAS)
NETWORK ACCESS / SERVICESCINC 1/JTF NET (Via TACSAT)DoD TELEPORT/Standardized Tactical Entry Point (STEP)Tactical Data Links in formats A, B, and J (TADIL A/B/J)Defense Red Switch Network (DRSN)Defense Switch Network (DSN)TACTICAL SWITCH NETWORK (LIMITED)Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS)Joint Deployable Intelligence Support System (JDISS)Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET)Non-Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET)INTELINKElectronic Key Management System (EKMS)Local/Wide Area Networks (LAN/WAN) NEWSGROUPS (WWW Access)Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS)Improved Data Modem (IDM)Wireless Web
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Deployable JTF HQ Options
11th Signal Brigade/EAC
The 11th Signal Brigade is a totally mobile unit headquartered at Fort Huachuca, Ariz. It is the primary provider of rapid-deployment tactical communications anywhere in the world. Using switch, satellite, microwave, cable and tropospheric scatter, the brigade is capable of providing service to units no matter where they are in the world. It provides both long distance and local service.
11th Signal Bde Similar
Communications Capabilities to JCSE
* Normally used to backfill JCSE
UNCLASSIFIED
Responsibilities
• OSD– C3I
• Advocacy and oversight of entire program
– AT&L• Acquisition oversight
• Joint Staff– Advocacy and JROC oversight
• CINCs– CINCEUR, CINCCENT, CINCPAC, and CINCSOUTH - Integration, execution,
coordination, and local operational control– JFCOM - operational execution, interoperability
• Defense Agencies - support– DISA– NSA
• Services– Army and Air Force - coordination and support– Navy - planning, programming, budgeting, acquisition management, and
program execution
UNCLASSIFIED
Joint Mobile Ashore Support Terminal (JMAST)
• GCCS-M• OTCIXS/TADIXS• Message Handling (DMS0• Environmental Data/Weather• Tactical Decision Aids• Imagery• Resource Mgt. (MS Office)• Projectors/Briefing Equipment• Phone Switch• Integrated Services Digital Network• HF/VHF/UHF LOS• UHF SATCOM• X-band SHF SATCOM• INMARSAT• SINCGARS
CINCPACFLT Programmed UpgradesJTF Enhancement Package
• Link-11• SIPRNET LAN, Terminals• NIPRNET LAN, Terminals• Battle Force email• VTC• Secure Telephone • Fax/Secure Fax• GPS• Generators• Power Distribution• Fuel Storage• UPS• HVAC• DRASH Shelters
Current Capabilities / Hardware
• Tactical Telephone Switch• Coalition Data Network• GCCS (COP, JOPES)• TBMCS• JDIICS-D• Additional Secure Phones• Additional DSRN• Additional SIPRNET• Additional NIPRNET• Additional Coalition Data Terminals
Unprogrammed Upgrades• JWICS (TRE/TRAP)• Link-16/22• HaveQuick• Network Encryption System• Upgraded Phone Switch• Prime Movers
