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Finish HTML Finish HTML Spreadsheets Spreadsheets CS 110 CS 110 Fall 2005 Fall 2005
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Finish HTMLFinish HTMLSpreadsheetsSpreadsheets
CS 110CS 110
Fall 2005Fall 2005
Homework 1 GradesHomework 1 Grades
Index1.html – 50 pointsIndex1.html – 50 points Index2.html – 50 pointsIndex2.html – 50 points Myexperiment.html – 5 pointsMyexperiment.html – 5 points
Homework 1 GradesHomework 1 Grades
Lose 10 pointsLose 10 points• Webpage fails to include Name and Webpage fails to include Name and
biographical paragraphbiographical paragraph• HTML not used properly (ex: no using HTML not used properly (ex: no using
the <HTML>, <head>, and <body> the <HTML>, <head>, and <body> tags)tags)
• Not submitted through toolkitNot submitted through toolkit
Homework 1 GradingHomework 1 Grading
50 points50 points• Page not visible from the webPage not visible from the web
Minimizing WorkMinimizing Work
Digital information poses unique Digital information poses unique challengeschallenges• Effortless to create (sometimes)Effortless to create (sometimes)• Effortless to copy (always)Effortless to copy (always)• Effortless to reuse (?)Effortless to reuse (?)
What makes reuse difficult?What makes reuse difficult?
Finishing HTMLFinishing HTML
Examples of ReuseExamples of Reuse
Web page reuseWeb page reuse• What’s easy?What’s easy?• What’s hard?What’s hard?
Reuse: What can we do?Reuse: What can we do?
Make it easy to change things you Make it easy to change things you anticipateanticipate• Absolute vs. local filename referencesAbsolute vs. local filename references• Keep images in special directoryKeep images in special directory• TablesTables
CSS: Cascading Style SheetsCSS: Cascading Style Sheets
Update the “look” of a web page Update the “look” of a web page without changing the “content”without changing the “content”
• Why should form and function be Why should form and function be implicitly connected?implicitly connected?
Tutorial at: http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_intro.aspMy Example at: http://www.people.virginia.edu/dcb8j/index21.html
CSS ExampleCSS Example
All paragraphs <p> use italic fontAll paragraphs <p> use italic font All tables <table> should be in redAll tables <table> should be in red All web pages on your site should All web pages on your site should
switch from Times font to Lucida fontswitch from Times font to Lucida font
The Style HierarchyThe Style Hierarchy
Browser defaultBrowser default External style sheetExternal style sheet Internal style sheet Internal style sheet
• inside <head> taginside <head> tag Inline style Inline style
• inside HTML elementinside HTML element
DetailsDetails
A web page needs two pages nowA web page needs two pages now
HTML file HTML file • References a CSS file in the <head>References a CSS file in the <head>
CSS fileCSS file• Associates HTML tags with formatting Associates HTML tags with formatting
detailsdetails
ExampleExample
http://www.w3schools.com/css/http://www.w3schools.com/css/showit.asp?filename=ex1showit.asp?filename=ex1
http://www.w3schools.com/css/http://www.w3schools.com/css/showit.asp?filename=ex2showit.asp?filename=ex2
Computers in our LivesComputers in our Lives
19831983
Time’s “Person” ofTime’s “Person” ofthe Yearthe Year
Where were weWhere were weheaded?headed?
Time Time (January 2, 1983)(January 2, 1983)
This most visible aspect of the computer This most visible aspect of the computer revolution, the video game, is its least revolution, the video game, is its least significant.significant. But even if the buzz and clang But even if the buzz and clang of the arcades is largely a teen-age fad, of the arcades is largely a teen-age fad, doomed to doomed to go the way of Rubik's Cube and go the way of Rubik's Cube and the Hula Hoopthe Hula Hoop, it is nonetheless a , it is nonetheless a remarkable phenomenon. About 20 remarkable phenomenon. About 20 corporations are selling some 250 different corporations are selling some 250 different game cassettes for roughly game cassettes for roughly $2 billion this $2 billion this yearyear. According to some estimates, more . According to some estimates, more than half of all the personal computers than half of all the personal computers bought for home use are devoted mainly bought for home use are devoted mainly to games. to games.
Otto Friedrich. Reported by Michael Mortiz/San Francisco, J. Madeleine Nash/Chicago and Peter Stoler/New York
Time Time (January 2, 1983)(January 2, 1983)
Apart from games, the Apart from games, the two things that the two things that the computer does bestcomputer does best have wide implications but have wide implications but are quite basic. One is simply are quite basic. One is simply computationcomputation, , manipulating thousands of numbers per second. manipulating thousands of numbers per second. The other is the ability The other is the ability to store, sort through and to store, sort through and rapidly retrieve immense amounts of informationrapidly retrieve immense amounts of information. . More than half of all employed Americans now More than half of all employed Americans now earn their living not by producing things but as earn their living not by producing things but as "knowledge workers," exchanging various kinds "knowledge workers," exchanging various kinds of information, and the personal computer stands of information, and the personal computer stands ready to change how all of them do their jobs.ready to change how all of them do their jobs.
Otto Friedrich. Reported by Michael Mortiz/San Francisco, J. Madeleine Nash/Chicago and Peter Stoler/New York
Frank Herringer, a group vice president of Frank Herringer, a group vice president of Transamerica Corp., installed an Apple in Transamerica Corp., installed an Apple in his suburban home in Lafayette, Calif., and his suburban home in Lafayette, Calif., and spent a weekend analyzing various spent a weekend analyzing various proposals for Transamerica's $300 million proposals for Transamerica's $300 million takeover of the New York insurance takeover of the New York insurance brokerage firm of Fred S. James Co. Inc. brokerage firm of Fred S. James Co. Inc. "It "It allowed me to get a good feel for the allowed me to get a good feel for the critical numbers," says Herringer. "I could critical numbers," says Herringer. "I could work through alternative options, and work through alternative options, and there were no leaks." there were no leaks."
Time (January 2, 1983)Time (January 2, 1983)
Otto Friedrich. Reported by Michael Mortiz/San Francisco, J. Madeleine Nash/Chicago and Peter Stoler/New York
SpreadsheetsSpreadsheets
Give people new ways to “tinker” Give people new ways to “tinker” with problems and their datawith problems and their data
Motivate the mass production of Motivate the mass production of personal computers (IBM didn’t enter personal computers (IBM didn’t enter until after the success of until after the success of spreadsheets on early Apples)spreadsheets on early Apples)
Spreadsheet HistorySpreadsheet History
1961 – Technical paper1961 – Technical paper 1970 – US Patent1970 – US Patent 1979 – VisiCalc1979 – VisiCalc
• When the professor found an error, he When the professor found an error, he had to tediously erase and rewrite a had to tediously erase and rewrite a number of sequential entries in the number of sequential entries in the table…table…
Spreadsheet HistorySpreadsheet History
1970, early software patent1970, early software patent• Patent rejected as “a mathematical Patent rejected as “a mathematical
invention”invention”• ““something does not cease to become something does not cease to become
patentable merely because the point of patentable merely because the point of novelty is in an algorithm” novelty is in an algorithm” (wikipedia.com)(wikipedia.com)
Wayback HistoryWayback History
The printing pressThe printing press• 1071 (in China)1071 (in China)
• 1234 (movable type in Korea)1234 (movable type in Korea)
• 1450 (widespread use by Gutenburg)1450 (widespread use by Gutenburg)
Wayback HistoryWayback History
100 years for the “invention” of page 100 years for the “invention” of page numbers, tables of contents, indicesnumbers, tables of contents, indices
Why?Why?• Few books, few scholarsFew books, few scholars• Many books, many readersMany books, many readers
What?What?• Metaphorical “science” of images gives way to Metaphorical “science” of images gives way to
scientific method of words/numbersscientific method of words/numbers
SpreadsheetsSpreadsheets
Before mass productionBefore mass production• Few scholars, few computersFew scholars, few computers• Accounting software was customized Accounting software was customized
and not reusableand not reusable After spreadsheetsAfter spreadsheets
• Standardized representationStandardized representation• New ways of thinkingNew ways of thinking
Data to KnowledgeData to Knowledge
123421.08234, 120934.09034, 123421.08234, 120934.09034, 4509.34249, 29094.0923, 23.03, 4509.34249, 29094.0923, 23.03, 0.09934, 98340.0934, 130938.909, 0.09934, 98340.0934, 130938.909, 23409.09345, 3459.945, 345.0, 450, 23409.09345, 3459.945, 345.0, 450, 787405.05, 8984.94, 2808909.0, 787405.05, 8984.94, 2808909.0, 45899.45450945, 894534.345, 45899.45450945, 894534.345, 45782, 434972.45092, 40827, 2, 45782, 434972.45092, 40827, 2, 2895.902902, 2330.000, 2945.8982895.902902, 2330.000, 2945.898
Organization Organization Knowledge Knowledge
What’s dependent on what?What’s dependent on what? What are multiple “samples” of same What are multiple “samples” of same
data?data? What’s a sensible way to store?What’s a sensible way to store?
Spreadsheet OrganizationSpreadsheet Organization
Each column stores a type of dataEach column stores a type of data• Age, number of friends, addressAge, number of friends, address
Each row stores multiple types of Each row stores multiple types of data that are related by somethingdata that are related by something• Sampled at same timeSampled at same time• Attributes of one objectAttributes of one object
Why not swap rows/columns?Why not swap rows/columns?
Planning UpfrontPlanning Upfront
Errors with organization are costlyErrors with organization are costly• (Columns) Address lumped in one cell(Columns) Address lumped in one cell
Separate by zip code?Separate by zip code? Separate by street?Separate by street?
• (Rows) Data recorded annually(Rows) Data recorded annually How to compare January performance across How to compare January performance across
years?years?
Revealing the PowerRevealing the Power
Standardized organization permits Standardized organization permits quick mathematical relationshipsquick mathematical relationships• Compute average sales for all Januaries Compute average sales for all Januaries
in the ’90sin the ’90s• Computer average sales for 2003Computer average sales for 2003• How many students scored above 90?How many students scored above 90?• Excluding the failing grades, what is the Excluding the failing grades, what is the
standard deviationstandard deviation
Enough Rope to Hang YourselfEnough Rope to Hang Yourself
Many spreadsheet values are Many spreadsheet values are computed from other valuescomputed from other values• How? Is it clear if there is an error?How? Is it clear if there is an error?
Moving data around in spreadsheets Moving data around in spreadsheets can disrupt naming convention used can disrupt naming convention used to compute valuesto compute values• How? Is it clear if there is an error?How? Is it clear if there is an error?
TopicsTopics
File extension (xls)File extension (xls) ToolbarsToolbars Basic and complex equationsBasic and complex equations Deleting and adding cellsDeleting and adding cells Copying cell contentsCopying cell contents Copying equations (absolute and relative)Copying equations (absolute and relative) Format cellsFormat cells Cell bordersCell borders GraphsGraphs
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