Finite and Non-finite Verbs Class

8/11/2019 Finite and Non-finite Verbs Class

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Finite and Non-finite Verbs


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Finite Verbs

A finite verb (sometimes called main verbs) is a

verb that has a subject, this means that it can be

the main verb in a sentence. It shows tense (past

/ present, etc.) or number (singular / plural).

Finite verbs are conjugated in the clause/

sentence.

For example:

I live in Ober. (Iis the subject - livedescribes

what the subject does - liveis a finite verb).


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Non-Finite Verbs

A non-finite verb has no subject, tense or number.

Non-finite verbs cannot, by themselves, be main

verbs, i.e. they are not conjugated.Another, more useful term for non-finite verb is verbal

Non-finite verb forms are:

1. Infinitives: full infinitives (indicated by to) / bareinfinitives (without to)

2. Participles: present (-ing) and past (-ed)

3. Gerund (-ing)


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1. Infinitives

In English, a verb's infinitive can be considered:

1. as the full infinitive(or to-infinitive): introduced by

the particle to

-"I waited for summer to arrive."

2. bare infinitive: the particle is absent,

- "He helped them findit."


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To Infinitive: Examples

To waitseemed foolish when decisiveaction was required. (subject)

Everyone wanted to go. (direct object)

His ambition is to study. (subject

complement)

He lacked the strength to resist. (adjective)

We must study to learn. (adverb)


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Bare Infinitive: Examples

After some perception verbs such as HEAR, FEEL or

SEE and the verbs LET and MAKE:

I saw you leavehome.

My parents dont let me stayout late.


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2. Participle

Aparticipleacts as an adjective(running

shoes; brokenvase; lostchild; unreadbook)

Aparticiplecan be eitherpresent orpast.Theparticiplewill be either an adjectiveor part

of a verb phrase

- Are those runningshoes new? (participle)


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3. Gerund

A gerundis the -ingform of a verb used as a

noun.

The gerundform of a verb looks exactly like thepresent participle, but they function differently

in a sentence.

The gerundwill fill a noun slot(subject, directobject, object of preposition, etc.)

- Runningis a good exercise. (gerund)


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Gerund: Examples

Gerund as subject:

Travelling might be dangerous on rainy days.

Gerund as direct object:

They do not appreciate mysinging.

Gerund as subject complement:

A company's favourite activity is selling.

Gerund as object of preposition:

They employed him forprovidingthe right

answers.


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Verbs that only take infinitives as

verbal direct objects

agree decide expect hesitate

learn need promise neglect

hope want plan attempt

propose intend pretend


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Verbs that only take gerunds as

verbal direct objectsdeny risk delay consider can't help

keep give up be fond of finish quit

put off practice postpone tolerate suggest

stop (quit) regret enjoy keep(on) admit

avoid recall mind miss appreciate

recommend dislike detest get/be through

get/be tired of get/be accustomed to get/be used to


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Verbs that take gerunds or infinitives

as verbal direct objects

start

begin

continuehate

prefer

like

love

try

remember


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Verbs followed by to infinitive or

gerund

Without change in

meaning:

With change in meaning:

Begin

Propose

ForbidIntend

Start

Stop

Remeber

ForgetRegret


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Complete the sentences using the ing

form or the to-infinitive.

1. I want ______ (go).

2. ______ (swim) keeps me in shape.

3. She has the money _____ (buy) it.4. _____ (see) is to believe.

5. He won the game by_____ (score).


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Answers

1. I want to go.

2. Swimming keeps me in shape.

3. She has the money to buyit.

4. To see is to believe.

5. He won the game by scoring

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Finite and Non-finite Verbs Class

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