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FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

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FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE. March 21, 2005 Katalin Miklóssy University of Helsinki www. valt.helsinki.fi/staff/miklossy/ e-mail: [email protected]. Today’s lecture. Why on Earth is that interesting? Basic concepts to navigate with - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE March 21, 2005 March 21, 2005 Katalin Miklóssy Katalin Miklóssy University of Helsinki University of Helsinki www. valt.helsinki.fi/staff/miklossy/ www. valt.helsinki.fi/staff/miklossy/ e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]
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Page 1: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA HUNGARY AND ROMANIA

DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

March 21, 2005March 21, 2005Katalin MiklóssyKatalin Miklóssy

University of Helsinki University of Helsinki www. valt.helsinki.fi/staff/miklossy/www. valt.helsinki.fi/staff/miklossy/e-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]

Page 2: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

Today’s lectureToday’s lecture

• Why on Earth is that interesting?Why on Earth is that interesting?

• Basic concepts to navigate withBasic concepts to navigate with

• An exceptional era…or is it?An exceptional era…or is it?

• Survival strategies: Hungary and Survival strategies: Hungary and RomaniaRomania

• Détente from the midgets’ perspective Détente from the midgets’ perspective

• ‘‘Wish we were Finlandised’ – The Model Wish we were Finlandised’ – The Model

Page 3: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

Cold War Studies: Cold War Studies: a new point of a new point of

viewview• The burden of SovietologyThe burden of Sovietology

• Small states in focus: diversity and Small states in focus: diversity and complexity of national strategies complexity of national strategies

• Disintegrative tendencies inside of Disintegrative tendencies inside of the Eastern bloc the Eastern bloc

• 1960-70s: the beginning of the end1960-70s: the beginning of the end

Page 4: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

The key conceptsThe key concepts

• Socialist or communist countries?Socialist or communist countries?

• Satellites, slave countries, members Satellites, slave countries, members of the socialist commonwealth, minor of the socialist commonwealth, minor partners of the Soviet Union or what partners of the Soviet Union or what exactly?exactly?

• The small state syndrome The small state syndrome

• The period: the miraculous 1960sThe period: the miraculous 1960s

Page 5: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

An Era of ReformismAn Era of Reformism

• The Khrushchevist dawn The Khrushchevist dawn

• The problem: The problem:

- socialism is an expensive system- socialism is an expensive system

- the extensive method of economic - the extensive method of economic development is out development is out

• The solution: to apply elements of market The solution: to apply elements of market economy into the socialist framework economy into the socialist framework

Page 6: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

Survival strategies – in Survival strategies – in oppositionopposition

• Different spheres Different spheres of influence of influence

• Making the best Making the best out of the status out of the status quoquo

• Different medicines Different medicines for the same illnessfor the same illness

Page 7: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

Late-1960s: Troubles Late-1960s: Troubles in the Communist World in the Communist World

Page 8: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

Kádárism and the New Kádárism and the New Economic MechanismEconomic Mechanism

• The shadow of The shadow of 19561956

• The social contract The social contract • Sacrificing foreign Sacrificing foreign

policypolicy• The troubled year The troubled year

of 1968of 1968• Soviet demand of Soviet demand of

halting the reform halting the reform in 1972 in 1972

Page 9: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

Ceausescu and the Ceausescu and the questquest for for sovereigntysovereignty

• Declaration of Declaration of Independence Independence

• 1968 – the turning 1968 – the turning point point

• The ultimate issue: The ultimate issue: right of self-right of self-determinationdetermination

• Romania, the outcast Romania, the outcast

• Ceausescu: the Ceausescu: the favourite communist of favourite communist of the West the West

Page 10: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

Détente Détente

• Turning Soviet initiative into something usefulTurning Soviet initiative into something useful• Getting out from the stalemate situationGetting out from the stalemate situation• Establishing contacts with the West Establishing contacts with the West • Hungary: economic relationsHungary: economic relations• Romania: independent role on the international arenaRomania: independent role on the international arena

Page 11: FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

The The Tempting Tempting Finnish Model Finnish Model • For both:For both:

- Extraordinary balance with the Soviet Union- Extraordinary balance with the Soviet Union- Kekkonen’s virtuosity- Kekkonen’s virtuosity- The very next step toward the West- The very next step toward the West

• For Hungary: For Hungary: - Economic relations with the West- Economic relations with the West- Human rights issue: minorities- Human rights issue: minorities

• For Romania:For Romania:- Visibility of a small state on the international - Visibility of a small state on the international

stagestage- The role of mediator- The role of mediator- Military neutrality - Military neutrality


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