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8/9/2019 Fire Alarm System Basiscs.ppt
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Importance of FireDetection System
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Fire safety plans and practices are designed to protect:
People
Information
Property
Time
Fire Safety
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Overview of Fire & Life
Safety• Code Background
• Fire Alarm Systems
• Fire Detection
• Fire Suppression
• Conducting a Basic Assessment
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Standards and Codes
• Component tests y nationallyrecogni!ed las
– "nderwriters Laoratories – Factory #utual
• Codes –
$F%A '( National Electrical Code – $%FA )( The National Fire Alarm Code
– Local codes and ordinances
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Fire Detection and
Signaling Systems
*+e early detection of a ,re and t+e
signaling of an appropriate alarmremain t+e most signi,cant factorsin preventing large losses from
occurring-
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Basic Fire
Let.s e/amine t+ecomponents t+at make a
asic Fire Alarm ControlSystem-
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#ain Controller
• *+e rains of t+esystem
• %rovides power tot+e system(monitors inputsand controlsoutputs t+roug+various circuits
• %erforms ot+erfunctions asre0uired y t+eappropriate code
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Secondary(DC(12Vx2)
)
Requires two Power Sources
1lements of a Control %anel
Primary (AC)
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Smoke Detector
Manual Pull Station
A ,re alarm
system can+ave a varietyof inputdevices-
Inputs
1lements of a Control %anel
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Inputs
• Initiating Device2 A system componentt+at originates transmission of a c+ange ofstate condition( suc+ as a smoke detector(manual ,re alarm o/( supervisory switc+(etc---
• Initiating Device Circuit 3IDC42 A circuit to
w+ic+ automatic or manual initiatingdevices are connected w+ere t+e signalreceived does not identify t+e individualdevice operated
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1lements of a Control %anel
Horns
Strobes
Outputs
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Outputs
• $oti,cation Appliance2 A ,re alarmsystem component suc+ as a ell(+orn( speaker( lig+t( or te/t display
t+at provides audile( tactile( or visileoutput( or any comination t+ereof-
• $oti,cation Appliance Circuit2 A circuitor pat+ directly connected to anoti,cation appliance-
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*+e Basic System
Secondary
DC (12Vx2)
Outputs
InputsMain
Controller
Primary AC
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Basic Fire Alarm *ec+nology
• Signal Initiation5Initiating Devices
– $eed to understand stages of ,re andw+at tec+nology works est for eac+
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*+e Stages of a Fire
• Stage One
– Incipient2 %roducts of Comustionparticles are produced 36'-7 microns4-
$o visile smoke or detectale +eat-#ay occur for milliseconds or days-
• "se ioni!ation detectors
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*+e Stages of a Fire
• Stage *wo
– Smoldering2 8isile smoke particles areproduced 39'-7 microns4- Little visile
:ame or noticeale +eat-• "se %+otoelectric Detectors
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*+e Stages of a Fire
• Stage *+ree
– Flame2 ;apid comustion producesradiant energy in t+e visile( and
invisile 3I;( "84 spectrums-
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*+e Stages of a Fire
• Stage Four
–
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*ypes of Fire Alarm
Systems• Selection factors
– Level of life?safety +a!ard
– Structural features of t+e uilding – Level of +a!ard presented y t+e
contents of t+e uilding
–
Availaility of ,re suppression resources – State and local code re0uirements
(Continued)
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Conentional !ystem"#
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$ddressa%le !ystem
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Type of Ca%les used and why
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Importance of Proper &round
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Importance of proper input source