Fire Detection&Suppression System Final

8/12/2019 Fire Detection&Suppression System Final

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In the name ofALLAH

The Most Gracious

The Most Merciful,Whose Help We Solicit


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FIRE ALARMSYSTEM


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Where westand in this

organizationManager

Maintenance

Chief EngineerInstrument

Group HeadAnalyzer & FAS

Gohar Waheed Khan

Area EngineerJamshaid Iqbal

Analyzer System

Zameer Ahmed

Khalid Jamali

Fire Alarm System

Muhammad Akram

Syed Muzammil

Group HeadUtilities & Offsite

Group HeadProcess

Group HeadControls

Chief EngineerMechanical

Chief EngineerElectrical


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INTRODUCTION TO

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

Fire detection system can significantly reduce property

damage, personal injuries, and loss of life from fire in the

workplace. Their main function is to quickly identify adeveloping fire and alert fire personnel before extensive

damage occurs. Fire detection systems does this by using

electronic sensors to detect the smoke, heat, or flames from

a fire and providing an early warning.


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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Danger Management System (DMS) Fire Alarm Panels (FAP)

Gas Detection Panel (GDP) Detection Elements Fire Suppression System (DVs & FM-200)


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DANGER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(DMS)

MM8000 MP 4.50 (Siemens) Two Stand alone systems at MCR

1)Fire Station2) CR-1


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DANGER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(DMS)

Directly connected to the cerloop Centrally monitored the fire alarm system

Manage history of Alarm/Fault events Control some configuration parameters of

fire alarm panel (FAP)


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HOW DO FIRE DETECTORS

WORKS?

Fire detectors work by sensing one or more

products of fire. The three most common

detectors are:

Smoke Detector

Heat Detector

Flame Detector


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SMOKE DETECTORS

Smoke detectors detects smoke particles from combustion.

The two main types are Ionization detectors and

Photoelectric detectors.

IONIZATION DETECTOR

The ionization detector contains a small

radioactive source that is used to charge theair inside a small chamber. The charged air

allows a small current to cross through the

chamber and complete an electrical circuit.


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When smoke enters the chamber, it

shields the radiation, which stops the

current and triggers an alarm.

These detectors respond quickly to very

small smoke particles (even those

invisible to the naked eye) from flaming

or very hot fires, but may respond very

slowly to the dense smoke associated

with smoldering or low-temperature fires.


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PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR

In a photoelectric smoke detector, a light source and light

sensor are arranged so that the rays from the light source do

not hit the light sensor. When smoke particles enter the light

path, some of the light is scattered and redirected onto the

sensor, causing the detector to activate an alarm. These

detectors react quickly to visible smoke particles from

smoldering fires, but are less sensitive to the smaller particles

associated with flaming or very hot fires.


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HEAT DETECTOR

Heat detectors are normally used in

environments where dense smoke is

produced. Heat detectors may be less

sensitive, but are more appropriate than a

smoke detector in these environments.

The most common heat detectors either

react to a broad temperature change or a

predetermined fixed temperature.


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Heat detectors use a set of

temperature-sensitive resistors called

thermistors that decrease in resistance

as the temperature rises. One thermistor

is sealed and protected from the

surrounding temperature while the other

is exposed. A sharp increase in

temperature reduces the resistance in

the exposed thermistor, which allows a

large current to activate the detector's

alarm.


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FLAME DETECTOR

Flame detectors are line-of-sight devices

that look for specific types of light

(infrared, visible, ultraviolet) emitted by

flames during combustion. When the

detector recognizes this light from a fire,

it sends a signal to activate an alarm.


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FLAME DETECTOR (UV /IR)

Manufacturer: SHARP EYEModel: 99-105l

DESCRIPTION:

It is designed to sense the occurrence of fire and flames

and subsequently activate an alarm through a control

circuit.It uses advance digital signal processing to analyze the

dynamic characteristics of fire.


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TECHNICAL FEATURES:

Detection range Up to 15m (50ft).Dual spectrum UV and IR radiation

Multiple detection levels Warning, Alarm and Saturated Signal

Solar blind

THE SENSING ELEMENTS:

The UV channel incorporates a special logic circuit that

eliminates false alarms caused by solar radiation and other

non-fire UV source.


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IN MCR:

Total 35 Nos. of flame detectors are installed.

24 Nos. installed in Process Area

06 Nos. installed at LPG Product Tanks03 Nos. installed at Truck Loading

01 No. installed at LPG Loading

01 No. At pig receiver


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HIGH SENSITIVE SMOKE DETECTORS (HSSD)

MANUFECTURER: KIDDE FIRE PROTECTION

MODEL: UNILASER 1000

IN MCR

This detection system is provided in

CR-1 Under the floor & false ceiling

CR-2 Under the floorCR-3 Under the floor

CR-4 Under the floor

CR-5 Under the floor & Above ceiling (VESDA)


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FIRE ALARM SYSTEMMAKE : SIEMENS CERBERUS

PANELS : 19

DMS(DANGER

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

: 02

SYNOPTIC PANELS : 19

MAIN SYNOPTIC PANEL : 03

INDUSTRIAL PLC(MF7033)

: 01

COMMUNICATION

GATEWAYS (DCS)

: 02


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FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

The fire alarm system of our refineryconsists of 19 Fire Alarm Panels located

in different buildings including controlrooms, substations and other NONEPCbuildings.


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FAS - NETWORK

1. The network of the fire alarm system isCerloop. This is a communication

network based on ring topology withunidirectional communication undernormal conditions.


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Bus systems

I-Bus internal data bus between individual modules in the control

unit (line modules, control modules etc.)

C-Bus local data bus between control unit(s), control console(s)

and Gateway(s)

D-Bus (or collective detection line) local detector bus; connects the detectors to the control

unit

LON-Bus local data bus for text display and control terminals, mimic

display converter and LON I/O card

Data Bus local data bus for parallel indicator panel, synoptic panel


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FIRE ALARM SYSTEMNETWORK LOOP


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FAS NETWORK NODES

EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION QTY

Fire Alarm Panels 19MM 8000 02Danger Management SystemIndustrial Plc MF7033) 01FAS DCS Communication Gateways 02


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FAS NETWORK RELIABILITY

It is a redundant system in a sense that ifnetwork breaks at some location thencommunication becomes bi-directional. In

this case network works on bus topologyand communication remains intact.

However if network breaks on two locationsthen only those nodes that are between the

breaks will be out of network. Rest of thenetwork will remain healthy.


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X

X

X


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FAS DETECTORS LOOP

Like Cerloop the Detector loop is alsoa communication loop and is based

on ring topology. Its reliability is sameas discussed for Cerloop.


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D - LOOP ELEMENTS

Smoke & Heat Detectors Manual Call Points

UV/IR Flame Detectors I/O Cards (FM200,HSSD & HVAC SYSTEM)


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FAS FIRE DETECTORS

Inside buildings there are smoke and heatdetectors installed which are intelligentdevices. These are connected through

Detector bus which has samecharacteristics like CERLOOP.

The areas most susceptible to fire likeinstallation of motors etc. are covered by

UV/IRflame detectors. High sensitivity smoke detectors are

installed in locations where extensivecabling is present like under floor and above

ceiling of control rooms.


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FASLOGICAL DIVISION

Area Section

Zone Element

AREA

SECTION

ZONE


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ZONE 'manual call point'

Geographical/logical combination ofmanual call point elements.

Alarm decision depends on 1 element. One evaluation stage:

ALARM (-> no stage WARNING)


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FASMANUAL CALL POINTS

In open areas (like tankage and refinerygates) where installation of heat and smokedetectors are not possible, there manual

call points MAC are installed. Any personseeing fire in its surroundings can call firepersonnel by operating these call points.


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GAS DETECTION SYSTEM

System 57 (Honeywell) Number of Gas Detection Panels at MCR: 05


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SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE


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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Control Card Field Interface & Relay Card

Engineering Card DC Input CardAC to DC Power Supply


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Control Card

Provide control, display & alarmfacilities for connected gas detector

Two types of control cardsSingle channel control card 4-20mA

Single channel control card catalytic

Each of the above control cards consistof a single channel control card fittedwith the respective plug-in sensor

drive module.


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Field Interface or Relay Card

The Field Interface/Relay Cardprovide the interface between a

Single Channel Control Card andthe field connected gas sensor.

Relay Card provide alarm output

to the field connection.


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Engineering Card

Provide common interface toSystem57 rack (RS232

External EngineeringInterface)

Routing of the 24V dc input

from the DC Input Card to thebackplane of the rack.

Time & Date reference


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Engineering Card

Enables the user to perform all therequired functions to commission and

operate each fitted control card. Catalytic sensor head current monitoring and

adjustment.

Alarm set point checking, adjustment and testing.

Sensor signal zero adjustment. Sensor signal span adjustment and setting of sensor life

monitoring values.

Sensor line monitoring.

Enabling of control card alarm inhibit.


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HYDROCARBON DETECTORS

There are two types of Hydrocarbon

Detectors.

Infrared Open Path Hydrocarbon

Detector.

Catalytic Hydrocarbon Detector.


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Model: SEARCHLINE EXCELManufacturer: ZELLWEGER ANALYTICSLIMITED.

An open path hydrocarbon gas detection system transmits aninfrared beam from a source to a receiver unit up to 200m.

These detectors are calibrated on methane

Alarm Settings:

1. HIGH at 1% of hydrocarbon concentration

2. HIGH HIGH at 2.5% of hydrocarbon concentration3. FAULT If a person or any object placed between the

source and receiver (blocking the infraredbeam) for30 sec. it gives the fault indication, until the hindrance is

present.

OPEN PATH INFRARED HYDROCARBON GAS

DETECTORS


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IN MCR:

There are total 35 Nos. Open pathinfrared

hydrocarbondetectors are installed.

31Nos. in process area.

04Nos. at LPG product tanks.


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SOURCE AND RECEIVER OF SEARCHLINEEXCEL WITH INFRARED BEEM

CATALYTIC HYDROCARBON DETECTORS


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Manufacturer: Zellweger Analytics Limited

Model: 780 SENSOR (SIEGER)

Type: High Temperature Sensor

The 780 high temp. sensor, is a hazardous area certified sensorfor detection of combustible gases.

Detection is via a single pair of catalytic beads, which

provide reliable and stable monitoring.

ALARM SETTINGS:

1. HIGH at 20 % of hydrocarbon concentration2. HIGH HIGH at 50 % of hydrocarbon concentration

CATALYTIC HYDROCARBON DETECTORS

IN MCR


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IN MCR:

Total 11 Nos. Catalytichydrocarbon detectors are installed at

following locations.

02 Nos. CR-1at air intake & outlet of HVAC

01 No. Analyzer house in area 400 connected to the CR-1

02 Nos. CR-3 at air intake & outlet of HVAC

01 No. Analyzer house in CR-3

03 Nos. Truck loading at Gasoline Filling Points

01 No. LPG Loading.

01 No. LPG pumps at product storage tanks.


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FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

The Fire Suppression System in the MCR,PARCO is organized by two major sub-

systems. These systems are:

FM 200 System

Deluge Valve System


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FM 200 SYSTEM

The system has been specially developedby Kidde Fire Protection.

FM200 chemically known asheptafluoropropane is the most viablealternative solution for the ozone

depleting Halons


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FM 200

This system is not designed for explosionsuppression.

FM-200 system is designed to be suitablefor the following classes of fire:

Surface type wood or other cellulose material

Flammable liquids Electrical energized circuits & cables


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FM 200 SYSTEM at MCR

FM200 systems are installed at:1. CR-1 and related Rack room

2.All the Substations (10)3. Field Rack Room of DHDS4. CR-5 and related Rack Room

5. IT Server Room (Refinery Buliding)


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FM 200 SYSTEMOPERATION LOGIC


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FM 200 SYSTEMINSTALATION NETWORK

G S S


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DELUGE VALVE SYSTEM

Model: E-1 (Viking) There are total thirty four (34) deluge

valves installed at MCR. Thirty one (31) deluge valves are installed

in Process Area.

Seven (07) deluge valves in the truckloading area.


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DELUGE VALVE SYSTEM

Totally floods an area with pressurizedwater through a network of piping and

open nozzles or sprinkler heads. When the deluge valve operates,

sprinkling of fire water starts and alarm

indication of its operation mode can beseen on the FAP, MM8000 and DCS.


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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Deluge valve consist of:Inlet chamber

Outlet chamberPrimary chamber

Pressure operated relief valve

Air Pressure Switch


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OPERATION


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TYPES OF DELUGE VALVE

The deluge valves are categorized in twotypes, based on their actuation.

Automatically actuated deluge valve

Semi-automatically actuated deluge valve


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AUTOMATIC

Installed in process area at pumps. Fusible plug melts (at 74 deg C)

Instrument air will be released creating apressure drop between air and water andthe system is operated.

Can be operated manually through ballvalve (Locally).


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SEMI-AUTOMATIC

Operate through fusible plug. Operate through solenoid operated valve

(SOV). Switches of SOVs are installed in control

rooms.

Can be operated manually through ballvalve (Locally).


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THENK YOU

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Fire Detection&Suppression System Final

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