Fire Escaping Systems

By:

Vinay.M

08011BB032

Department of Urban and Regional

Planning,

School of Planning and Architecture,

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological

University,

Hyderabad.

Fire escape:

• a special kind of emergency exit.

• provides a method of escape

• often found on multiple- story residential buildings

• they have fallen out of common use

Contents…

• Why…?• How to escape…?• Methods to escape fire …?• Designs aspects…?

Economic Aspects Of Fire:

Losses & Expenditure…

• lives

• Property

• Use

• by Injury

• suppression

• prevention

• protection

• insurance

• research & development

Low rise…

ESCAPE ROUTES:• There must be at least one escape route from a. the main entrance door of every flat or maisonette

b. the door of every communal room

c. from every plant room.

• An escape route must lead to a place of safety

a. directly

b. by way of a protected zone

c. by way of an access deck or access balcony

In case of under ground fire• Egress windows…• Windows Below Ground Level: a)Sill height of window above floor: Not to exceed 44”

b)Minimum opening area: 5.7 sq. ft.

c)Minimum opening height 24”

d)Minimum opening width: 20”

HOW To ESCAPE THE FIRE…

• Escaping with elevators.      • Escaping through staircases.• Rescuing people by firemen and rescue

services.• Rescuing with a telescopic ladder.• Rescuing people through the windows.• Emergency escaping with the 'rescue

hose'   

four distinct Stages:

• Stage 1 – escape from the room or area of fire origin.

• Stage 2 – escape from the compartment of origin via the circulation route to a protected stairway or an adjoining compartment offering refuge.

• Stage 3 – escape from the floor of origin to the ground level.

• Stage 4 – escape at ground level away from .

•

Means of escape from fire…

• Time of evacuation• Travel distances• Number of Occupants• Calculation of Exit Widths• Calculation of Minimum Number of Exits

Time of evacuation:

• Class ‘A’ construction – 3 minutes

• Class ‘B’ construction – 2.5 minutes

• Class ‘C’ construction – 2 minutes

Number of Occupants

• Number of Occupants• Density Factor• Persons who may use the building• Calculating the Number of Occupants

Travel Distance:

Places of Relative Safety• A storey exit into a protected stairway or to the lobby of a

lobby approach stairway;• A door in a compartment wall or separating wall leading

to an alternative exit;• A door which leads directly to a protected stair or a final

exit via a protected corridor.

Calculation of Exit Widths

• U = N / (40 x T)

Where: -U = number of units required;N = number of occupants;40 = standard rate of flow – constant;T = Flow time (i.e. 3 mins for Class ‘A’, 2.5 mins for Class ‘B’ and 2 mins for Class ‘C’)

Calculation of Minimum Number of Exits

• E = U / 4 + 1

E = number of exitsU = number of units of exit width (from exit width formula);4 = size of largest exit permitted.1 added to ensure there would always be at least one unit.

Methods & Designs practiced for escaping fire…

• PRESSURISED STAIRCASE

functioninga) A Supply Air System designed to

blow into the protected spaces a sufficient quantity of air to maintain the required pressure level or air velocity. This will always be fan powered.

b) An Exhaust Air System to enable the pressurising air to escape from the unpressurised areas of

the building via the fire floor.This can be either a natural or fan

powered method.

Escape chute system:

• Vertical escaping chute• Inclined chute• Single entry chute• Multiple entry chute• Residential chute

Vertical chute:

Inclined chute• prefer to slide to safety, rather than escape vertically.

Single entry

chute &multiple

entry chute

Residential chute• Weighing 13kgs / 28lbs the

frame can be carried from one room to another, or from one balcony to another on the same level.

Hanging rope fire escape:

Fire escaping stairs A fire escaping stair is a

special kind of emergency exit, usually mounted to the outside of a building or occasionally inside but separate from the main areas of the building.

Escaping stairs..• Drop ladder

• Counterbalanced Stairs

• Gooseneck ladder

THANK YOU…