Fire Management Communication Firefighter I. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2013. All rights...

Fire Management CommunicationFirefighter I

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National Incident Management System (NIMS)• In response to September 11, 2001, President George W.

Bush issued the Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (_____________) in February 2003

• HSPD-5– Called for a NIMS

• The Secretary of the Department of ________ __________announced the establishment of NIMS in March 2004

• The key feature of NIMS is the Incident Command System (____)• NIMS training is available on the Internet at www.fema.gov/nims

– Identified steps for improved coordination of federal, state, local, and private industry response to _________

– Described the way these agencies will prepare for such a response

http://www.fema.gov/nims


The Incident Command System (ICS)

• ___________ – occurrence that requires response actions to prevent or minimize loss of life or damage to property and/or the environment (FEMA, 2005)

• ICS has an organizational structure that is adaptable to any kind of incident to which a fire agency is likely to respond• It is not always possible for only one agency to handle all of the

needed management and resources during an incident• _____________ between agencies is often required

• Is a standardized, on-scene, all-hazard incident management system


The Incident Command System (ICS)(continued)

• Allows users to ______an integrated organizational structure to match the complexities and demands of single or multiple incidents without being hindered by _______________boundaries

• Is extremely flexible• Is __________ to the size and complexity of the

incident it is being used to manage• Is a __________ management system• Is the result of decades of lessons learned about the

organization and management of emergency incidents


The Incident Command System (ICS)(continued)

• Represents organizational “____ _______”• Has become the standard for emergency

management• Is required by NIMS for all ________responses• Is the condition of receiving federal

preparedness ________• Requires that every incident have a _______ or

written Incident Action Plan (IAP)


History of ICS• Developed in _____ by Firefighting Resources of Southern

California Organized for Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE) • Developed after a series of catastrophic fires in the ________

Wildland-Urban Interface• Lessons learned

– Inadequate ___________ management– Lack of accountability– Poor _______________

• Inefficient use of available communication systems• Conflicting codes and _____________________

– Lack of systematic planning– No common, predesigned management ___________– No predefined methods to integrate inter-agencies


Modular Organization of ICS

• Develops from the top-down• Is based upon the _______and the complexity

of the incident• Expands as functional responsibilities are

_______• Incident Commander (IC) rule: “What you do

not assign you assume”


Management by Objectives

• Is an approach used to communicate functional actions throughout the ICS organization

• The first objective for all incidents is to “__________ for responders and public safety”– Responders are

• ____ _______________• Emergency Management Services (EMS)• _______________

– Is implied in the unwritten IAP– Is written in the formal IAP


Management by Objectives(continued)

• Is accomplished through the incident action planning process, which includes the following steps:– Understand the agency policy and __________– Assess the incident situation– Establish the incident ___________– Select the appropriate ___________– Apply the tactics appropriate to the strategy– Provide a follow-up


Reliance on the IAP

• IAP – is an oral or written plan containing general objectives reflecting the overall ________ for managing an incident that includes the identification of operational resources and assignments (FEMA, 2005)– Is required (verbally or in writing) for every incident – Provides all incident _____________ personnel with

directions for the actions to be implemented– Includes measurable strategic _____________– Is prepared around a timeframe called the operational

period


Reliance on the IAP (continued)

• Provides a ___________ means of communicating the overall incident objectives in the context of both operational and support activities

• Must include at least four elements– _______________________________?– ________________________________?– How do we ______________ with each other?– What is the ______________ if someone is injured?


Reliance on the IAP (continued)

• _____________-materials incidents require written IAPs

• An IAP must be provided to responding resources in a _____________so that– They are clear on the objectives, and the plan to

accomplish them– The hazards are ___________, along with the

actions taken to mitigate them


Manageable Span of Control

• Span of _____________ pertains to the number of individuals or resources that one supervisor can manage effectively (FEMA, 2005)

• Safety and a___________ are the top priorities• An effective span of control varies from three to

__________ resources• The recommended span of control is a ratio of

one supervisor to five resources


Manageable Span of Control(continued)

• Influences to consider on the span of control– 1. – 2. – 3. – 4.


Pre-designated Incident Locations and Facilities• Incident activities may be accomplished from

a variety of _____________ __________and support facilities that are identified and established by the IC


Incident Facilities: ICP

• Incident Command Post (ICP) – the location where the IC oversees all of the incident operations– There is generally one ICP for each incident– The ICP may ___________ _____________during the event– The ICP may be located in a– 1. – 2. – 3. – 4.

– The ICP is designated by the name of the incident


Incident Facilities: Staging Areas

• __________ ____________- temporary locations at an incident where personnel and equipment are kept while waiting for ___________ assignments (FEMA, 2005)– Resources are always in “available” status and should be

ready to respond within _____ minutes – The staging areas are

• Close enough to the incident for a timely response• Distant enough from the incident to be out of the immediate

impact zone

– There may be more than one staging area


Incident Facilities: Staging Areas(continued)

• The staging areas may be co-located with– ICP – _________ – the location where primary logistics

and administration functions are coordinated and administered (FEMA, 2005)• May be co-located with the ICP• Designated by the incident name• Established and managed by the Logistics Section• Only one base per incident



• The staging areas may be co-located with (continued)– ________ – the location where resources may be kept to support

incident operations if a base is inaccessible to all resources or if the scale of the incident is large enough to require extended transportation times from the base to the tactical work ____________ (FEMA, 2005)• Is a temporary location within the general incident area• Is equipped and staffed with

– 1. – 2. – 3. – 4.

• Designated by _____________ location or number • Multiple camps may be used, but not all incidents have camps



• The staging areas may be co-located with (continued)– _____________ – the location where helicopter-centered

air operations are conducted• Used generally on a long-term basis • Includes such services as

– Fueling– Maintenance

• Designated by the name of the incident

– _____________ – a temporary location where helicopters can safely land and take off• Multiple helispots may be used


Resource Management

• Tactical resources – are always classified as being in one of the following statuses– ________________ – working the assignment– Available resources – ready for the assignment– ________________ – not ready or available for assigned resources

status

• Support resources include• 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5.


Resource Management (continued)

• Includes the processes for– _____________ resources– Ordering resources– _____________ ________________– Tracking resources– _____________ resources– Reimbursement for resources


Integrated Communications

• The use of a common communication ________ is essential to ensure that responders can communicate with one another

• Communication equipment, ____________, and systems must operate across jurisdictions (______________)

• Developing an integrated voice and data communication system, which includes equipment, systems, and protocols, must occur prior to an incident

• Effective ICS communications include three elements– ________ – the “hardware” systems that transfer information– ________ – for the use of all available communication resources– ________ – the procedures and processes for transferring information

internally and externally


Chain of Command and Unity of Command• _____________– an orderly line of authority

within the ranks of the organization• ______________– every individual is accountable

to only one designated supervisor• ________________may be carried out in two ways– Single Command – the IC has complete responsibility

for incident management– Unified Command – the responding agencies and/or

jurisdictions with responsibility for the incident share the incident management


Unified Command

• May be needed for incidents involving– Multiple jurisdictions with and without multi-agency involvement– Single jurisdiction with multiple agencies sharing responsibility

• Allows agencies with different ________, geographic, and functional authorities and responsibilities to work together

• Uses a single _________ to direct activities• Is needed because incidents have no regard for jurisdictional

____________• Establishes the required unified objectives in the IAP• ICs

– 1. – 2.


Transfer of Command• Is the process of moving responsibility from one IC to ________• Includes a transfer of command briefing, which may be oral, written, or a

combination of both• Occurs __________ at a predetermined time and is then announced on all

incident radio frequencies• Is the method used by federal incident management teams

– ________ – response operations must be directed and coordinated per IAP

– _________________– each individual must be assigned to only one supervisor

– Span of Control – supervisors must be able to adequately supervise and control their subordinates

– Resource tracking – supervisors must record and report resource status changes as they occur


Transfer of Command (continued)

• May occur when– A more qualified person assumes the command– The incident situation changes over time, resulting in a

legal requirement to change the command – A change of command makes good sense (i.e. an Incident

Management Team takes command of an incident from a local jurisdictional unit due to increased incident complexity)

– There is normal turnover of ______________during long or extended incidents

– The incident response is concluded and the incident responsibility is transferred back to the home agency


Mobilization

• At any incident, the situation must be assessed and the response planned

• To accomplish the incident objectives, the resources must be– 1. – 2. – 3.

• Resources must be managed to adjust to changing conditions• Managing resources safely and effectively is the most

important consideration at an incident• Personnel and equipment should respond only when requested

or when dispatched by the appropriate authority• No resource should self-dispatch to an incident


Information and Intelligence Management• The incident management organization must

establish a process for– 1. – 2.

• Managing incident-related information and intelligence


Information and Intelligence Management (continued)

• Intelligence includes not only national security or other types of classified information but also other operational information from various sources, such as– 1. – 2. – 3. – 4. – 5. – 6. – 7.


The Five Major Management Functions• Incident Command

– Sets the incident objectives, strategies, and priorities– Has the overall responsibility for the incident

• ________________– Conducts the operations to reach the incident objectives– Establishes the tactics and directs all of the operational resources

• _____________– Supports the incident action process by

• Tracking the resources• Collecting/analyzing information• Maintaining documentation


The Five Major Management Functions (continued)

• Logistics– Provides resources and needed services to support

the achievement of the incident objectives

• Finance/Administration– 1. – 2. – 3. – 4. – 5.


Organizational Structure

• The IC has the overall responsibility for managing the incident – ______________________________________– Establishes the planning strategies– Implements the tactics– Is the only position that is always staffed in ICS

applications– _______________________________________– Is responsible for all of the ICS management functions until

he or she delegates the function– Follows the rule “what you do not assign you assume”


Organizational Structure (continued)

• Additional IC Responsibilities – Ensures incident safety– Provides information services to internal and external

stakeholders– _____________________________________________– Appoints one or more deputies (A Deputy IC must be as

qualified as the IC)

• Selecting and Changing ICs– Rank, grade, and seniority are not the factors used to select the

IC– The IC is always a highly qualified individual trained to lead the

incident response



• ICS Sections– Have the capability to expand or contract to meet the needs

of the incident– ___________________________________________

– Often require the IC to accomplish or manage personally all aspects of the incident organization on smaller incidents



• ICS Position Titles– To maintain its span of control, the ICS can be divided into

many levels of supervision– Use the specific ICS position titles to serve three important

purposes• 1. • 2. • 3.



• Expanding the Organization– As the incident grows, the IC may delegate authority for

the performance of certain activities to the• Command Staff

– 1. – 2. – 3.

• General Staff– Operations– Planning– Logistics– Finance/Administration– Note: the person in charge of each section is designated as a Chief

– The IC adds positions only as needed


Organizational Structure:Operations Section Chief• Develops and manages the Operations Section to accomplish the incident

objectives set by the IC• Is normally the person with the greatest technical and tactical expertise for

dealing with the problem presented by the incident• Is in charge of all of the tactical resources assigned to the incident• The following supervisory levels can be added to help manage the

Operations Section’s span of control– 1. – 2. – 3. – 4. – 5. – 6.


Organizational Structure:Planning Section Units• Resources Unit– Conducts all check-in activities– Maintains the status of all incident resources– Plays a significant role in preparing the written IAP

• ______________Unit– Collects and analyzes information on the current

situation– Prepares situation displays and situation summaries– Develops maps and projections


Organizational Structure:Logistics Section• Is created by the IC if he or she determines that there is a need

for a Logistics Section at the incident• Is responsible for all of the services and support needs• _____________ Section: Branches and Units– Are established based on need– Titles of units are descriptive of their responsibilities– The Logistics Service Branch can be staffed to include

• Communication Unit• Medical Unit• Food Unit

– The Logistics Support Branch can be staffed to include• 1. • 2. • 3.


Organizational Structure:Finance Administration Section• Is created for any incident that requires incident-specific

financial management• Is responsible for

– Contract ______________ and monitoring– Timekeeping– Cost ______________– Compensation for injury or damage to property

• Finance Administration Section Units– Procurement Unit– ___________________– ____________________– Compensation/Claims Unit


Resources

• 0135151112, Essentials of Firefighting (5th Edition), International Fire Service Training Association (IFSTA)

• 1439058428, Introduction to Fire Protection (4th Edition), Klinoff, Robert

• www.fema.gov/nims

http://www.fema.gov/nims

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