Fire Safety Lecture- Caridad

7/28/2019 Fire Safety Lecture- Caridad

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Republic of the PhilippinesDepartment of the Interior and Local Government

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

Baybay City Fire Station

By:

FO1 DAIRYL M DENOSTA

BASIC

FIRE SAFETY


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BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

The BFP was createdby virtue of Republic

Act 6975 Department of theInterior and Local

Governmentprimarily to performits legal mandates.


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BFP Primary Services

Fire Prevention

Fire Suppression Fire Arson & Investigation

Fire Search & Rescue Emergency Medical Services


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Fire, helpful and destructive to mankind, is more

than a necessary evil: controlled, it provides warmthand cook food, but uncontrolled, it produces deathand destruction.

In order to understand the behavior of fire, one

must have an understanding of the chemicalprinciples that control its origin and spread and thephysical phenomena that result from its behavior.

INTRODUCTION TO FIRE


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A fire will double every 30 Seconds under normalconditions.

A small fire can produce enough smoke to fill a building in

minutes.

Smoke results in:

Teared eyes

Choking sensation

Impaired judgment due to Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Loss of spacial recognition

Sedation effect - Respiratory failure

FIRE IS


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Within minutes, air temperature in a burning room can reach

300 degrees Celsius. This temperature is hot enough to melt

clothes, skin and scorch your lungs in one breathe.

Temperatures can climb to between 650-760 degrees

Celsius.

Most people who die in fires, die from breathing smoke and

toxic gases.

Carbon Oxide, Hydrogen Cyanide, Ammonia and hundreds

of other irritants attack your eyes, nose, throat and lungs.

FIRE IS


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GASSESMakes you disoriented and stops

you from thinking and breathing.

Makes you breathe faster, which puts to rest the option

of holding your breath.

Mixes with moisture in the eyes, nose and throat, which

causes coughing and hacking. Then turns into nitric

acid, which starts to burn the tissue.


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CHEMISTRYOFFIRE

What is F I R E?

The active principle

of burning, characterizedby Heat and light ofcombustion.


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Four (4) Elements ofFire

FIRE Tetrahedron

CHEMICALCHAIN

REACTION

HEATFUEL

OXYGEN


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Solid or liquid materials do

not burn. For combustion to

take place, these materialsmust be heated sufficiently to

produce vapors. It is these

vapors, which actually burn. Damaged electrical wiring

Stoves Heating appliances

Fireplaces

HEAT


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Anything that will burn.

Initially, the fuel may be in the

form of a gas, liquid, or solid at

the ambient temperature. As

discussed previously, liquid and

solid fuels must be heatedsufficiently to produce vapors.

Ex. wood, gasoline, papers

FUEL


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the primary source of oxygen is the

atmosphere, which contains

approximately 20.8 percentoxygen. A concentration of at least

15 to 16 percent is needed for the

continuation of flaming

combustion, while charring orsmoldering (pyrolysis) can occur

with as little as 8 percent.

OXYGEN


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CAUSES OF FIRE

1. NATURAL CAUSE - Involves

those fires caused without direct human

intervention.

Examples:

1. Lightning

2. Volcanic Eruptions


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2. ACCIDENTAL CAUSE -

Involves all those where the proven

cause does not involve a deliberated

human act to ignite or spread the fire

into an area

CAUSES OF FIRE


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Unattended electric iron

Unattended cooking equipment


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Unattended children playing matches

Octopus connection overloading of circuit.


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CAUSES OF FIRE 3. INCENDIARY FIRES -is one

deliberately set under circumstances in

which the person knows that the fireshould not be set.

Arson is a willful, malicious

burning


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PREDOMINATING MOTIVES OF ARSON

A. Insurance Fraud

B. Hatred, Revenge,

Jealousy

C. Public Disorder

D. Concealment of

Other Crimes E. Terrorism


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CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES


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A. Ordinary

Combustible

MaterialsEx. Wood, cloth, paper

Ex. Gasoline, kerosene,paint

F.E.

C. Energized ElectricalEquipment andAppliances F.E.

D. Combustible MaterialsEx. Gun powder,

ammonium nitrate,

pyrotechnics, etcF.E.

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRESCLASS COLOR OF

SMOKECOLOR OF

FLAMEEXTINGUISHED

BY

GRAY ORANGE WATER/F.E.B. Flammable Liquids

BLACK RED

GRAY SILVER

MULTI

COLORED

MULTI

COLORED

A

B

C

D


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PHASES OF FIRES

1. INCIPIENT PHASE

2. FREE BURNING PHASE

3. SMOLDERING PHASE


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Earliest phase

the products of combustion may be

minimal, the changes in thesurrounding atmosphere may bedifficult to observe (only some smoke,

no detectable flame), and the amountof heat generated will not significantlyaffect the surrounding area.

INCIPIENT PHASE


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Rollover takes place when the unburned flammable gasesreleased during the incipient phase accumulate at ceilinglevel and spreads into adjacent open areas where they

mix with fresh oxygen. When the ignition temperature isreached, the gases ignite and expand very rapidly acrossthe ceiling. At this point only gases are burning.

ROLL OVER


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oxygen-rich air is drawn into the flame as convection(the rise of heated gases) carries the heat to theupper most regions of the confined area. The heated

gases spread out laterally from the top downward,forcing the cooler air to seek lower levels, andeventually igniting all the combustible material in theupper levels of the room.

As the fire progresses through the latter stages ofthis phase, it continues to consume the free oxygenuntil it reaches the point where there is insufficientoxygen to react with the fuel.

FREE BURNING PHASE


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If the area of the fire is sufficiently air-tight, the steadyburning phase will deplete the oxygen to the point wherethe flames will go out and the fire is reduced to burning

embers. As the flames die down, the room fills with densesmoke and unburned flammable gases. At this point, thetemperature now exceeds 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit andthe oxygen supply is below 15%.

HOT-SMOLDERING PHASE


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The introduction of oxygen to thesmoldering phase of a fire can cause abackdraft. Since the temperature is stillpast the ignition point and flammablegases are still present, the only componentkeeping the fire from burning is sufficientoxygen. When oxygen is made rapidlyavailable by improper ventilation (ex.opening a door or window) the stalled

burning of the fire will resume withdevastating force and speed, qualifying asan explosion.

BACKDRAFT


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(METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER)

Fire Spreads in 3 Ways

DIRECT HEAT TRANSFER/CONDUCTION

This is the transfer of heat from one body to

another through direct flame contact.


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HEAT TRANSFER BY

RADIATION

It is the act of radiating or the

emission and propagation ofradiant heat or energy. It involves

the stages of emission, absorption

and transmission of heat or

energy. It involves the thermal

process whereby atmospheric

circulation is maintained through

the upward or downward transfer

of air masses of different

temperature.


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HEAT TRANSFER BY CONVECTION

Transfer of heat from one place to

another.


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Removalof fuel

CHEMICALCHAIN

REACTION

HEATFUEL

OXYGEN

FIREEXTINGUISHMENTMETHODS

Exclusion ofOxygen

Inhibition ofChain Reaction

Reduction ofTemperature

THE FOUR BASIC METHODS OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES


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THE FOUR BASIC METHODS OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES

1

2

3

4


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BASIC FIRE FIGHTING TOOL

First-Aid Portable Fire ProtectionAppliance

- a portable device use to extinguishthe fire at early stage or limited size.


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It's easy to remember how

to use a fire extinguisher if you

can remember the acronymPASS, which stands for Pull,

Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.


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PULL THE PIN

This will allow you todischarge the extinguisher.

AIM AT THE BASE OF THE FIRE

If you aim at the flames (which isfrequently the temptation), theextinguishing agent will fly rightthrough and do no good. Youwant to hit the fuel.


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SQUEEZE THE TOP HANDLE OR

LEVER

This depresses a button thatreleases the pressurizedextinguishing agent in theextinguisher.

SWEEP FROM SIDE TO SIDE

Start using the extinguisher from asafe distance away, then moveforward. Once the fire is out, keepan eye on the area in case it re-ignites.


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What to Do in case of Fire?Remember

S

A

F

E

T

Y


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SSOUND ALARM

Shout as loudas you can

SUNOG!!!


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A ADVICE FIRE STATION

What is Burning

Exact Location of theFire

Name of Caller

Tel./Cel Number Used

Give the following Information

Baybay City Fire Station

333


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F =FIGHT THE FIRE

Use all available firefighting Appliance / Water


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E =EVACUATE THE AREA

During evacuationsecure familymembers &

importantdocuments


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T = TELL OTHERS

TELL YOURNEIGHBORS ANDOTHER PEOPLE

AROUND ABOUTTHE FIRE


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Y = YOU GET CLEAR

SECURE YOUR

FAMILY TO A SAFEPLACE AWAY FROMTHE FIRE TO AVOID

INJURIES


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LET US ALL HELP PREVENT FIRE

AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION IS BETTER

THAN A POUND OF SUPPRESSION

A friendly reminder from:


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Fire Safety Lecture- Caridad

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