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FIRST AID 101

Vernon Serafico, M.D.Diplomate, Philippine College of Physicians

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sign_first_aid.svg

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Objectives

Define first aid

Know your tools

Discuss how to give first aid Discuss anticipatory guidance

Discuss basic life support

Be able to identify a life threateningsituation

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Definition

Simple emergency medical careprocedures performed by lay rescuersbefore medical professionals are

available May refer to emergency medical

providers, such as ambulance andother first responders

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Responsibilities

Assess the situation quickly andsafely and summon appropriatehelp

Protect casualties and others at thescene from possible danger

To identify, as far as possible, thenature of illness or injury affectingcasualty.

To give each casualty early andappropriate treatment, treating the

most serious condition first.

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Responsibilities

To arrange for the casualtys removalto hospital or into the care of adoctor.

To remain with a casualty untilappropriate care is available.

To report your observations to those

taking care of the casualty, and togive further assistance if required.

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PRIORITY OF CASUALTIES

Save the conscious casualties before theunconscious ones as they have a higherchance of recovery.

Save the young before the old. Do not jeopardize your own life while rendering

First Aid. In the event of immediate danger,get out of site immediately.

Remember: One of your aims is to preservelife, and not endanger your own in theprocess of rendering First Aid.

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Types of First Aid

Emergencies

Minor injuries

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Emergencies

Life threatening Anaphylactic shock insect bites,

food/drug allergies

Choking foreign body ingestion Electrical burn Major injuries

Active bleeding

Stabbing Cardiac Arrest heart attack Stroke brain attack

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Minor Injuries

Small cuts

Bruises/Bumps

Superficial thermal burns Sprains/Strains

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Common injuries in school:

Food-borne illnesses from school-provided food.

Slip-and-fall accidents. Injuries from defective classroom

equipment, such as desks orchairs.

Asbestos (or other toxins)exposure.

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Common injuries in school:

Injuries from heavy lifting.

Any form of assault or abuse.

Injuries from sports activities. Infections from unsanitary

conditions.

Improper treatment by schoolmedical staff (such as incorrectdistribution of prescriptionmedicine)

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Contents of a First Aid Kit

adhesive bandages

sterile gauze/pads

thermometer

scissors

irrigation syringe

personal protective device

penlight/flashlight

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Contents of a First Aid Kit

regular strength pain medication

oral rehydration salts

antidiarrheal meds

anti-itch ointment

antibacterial cream/ointment

low grade disinfectant

antihistamines

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Treatment

Anaphylaxis bring to nearest E.R.

Bleeding wounds Control the bleeding (apply direct

pressure)

Wounds, small bruises, cuts clean with soap and water

disinfect with betadine apply a sterile gauze

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Treatment

Burns

Stop the burning process

Pain relief

Antibacterial cream

Choking

Heimlich maneuver

Coughing

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Treatment

Cramps

Stretch the muscles and apply coldcompress

Fractures

Immobilize with a use of splints

Joint Dislocation

treat like fracture when in doubt

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Treatment

Heart attack

Check medications

Bring to E.R.

Heat stroke/Heat Syncope/Hyperthermia

Eliminate heat source, hydration

Hypothermia

Warm blankets

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Treatment

Hypo/Hyperglycemia

Correction of sugar

Poisoning

Call poison center 524-1078

Bring to E.R.

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Treatment

Seizures

Prevent further injury

Stroke

Bring to E.R.

Toothache

Analgesics

Call parents/guardian

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Treatment

Sprains/Strains

Rest

Ice

Compress

Elevate

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Treatment

Bites (animal or human)

Clean with soap and water

Wound dressing / Suturing

Vaccination

Insect bites/stings

Anti-inflammatory ointments

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Anticipatory Guidance

Avoid falls chairs, tables, stairs

Poisoning erasers, crayons, mercury

Pedestrian safety

Car safety

Play throw, catch

Fires/Burns electrical devices

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Basic Life Support

A level of medical care provided byprehospital emergency medicalservices

consists of essential non-invasive life-saving procedures, such as CPR,bleeding control, splinting broken

bones, artificial ventilation, andbasic airway management

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Basic Life Support

Basic life support level providers

emergency medical technicians

certified first responders

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Basic Life Support

Compression

Airway

Breathing

Circulation

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Approach safely

Check response

Shout for help

Open airway

Check breathing

Call Hospital/ER30 chest compressions

2 rescue breaths

Basic Life Support

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Pediatric basic life support

simplification based on the knowledge thatmany children receive no resuscitation at

all because rescuers fear doing harm.

Age:

- infant is a child under 1 year of age; - child - between 1 year and puberty.

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30

30

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Approach safely

Check response

Shout for help

Open airway

head tiltand chin lift,

C

amp

be

ll

Basic Life Support

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Approach safely

Check response

Shout for help

Open airway

Check breathing

Look, listen and feel for NORMAL breath

Basic Life Support

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IF V IC TIM S TA R TS TO B R E AT H E

N O R M A LLY P LA C E IN R E C O V E R Y

P O S IT IO N

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STEP 1: Kneel next to theperson. Place the arm

closest to you straight outfrom the body. Position thefar arm with the back of thehand against the near cheek.

STEP 2: Grab and bend the

persons far knee.

http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/recovery.shtml

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STEP 3: Protecting thehead with one hand, gently

roll the person toward youby pulling the far knee overand to the ground.

STEP 4: Tilt the head up slightlyso that the airway is open. Makesure that the hand is under the

cheek. Place a blanket or coatover the person (unless he/shehas a heat illness or fever) andstay close until help arrives.

http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/recovery.shtml

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RECOVERY POSITION

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RECOVERY POSITION

For people who are unconscious, orsemiconscious, but are stillbreathing.

If there are spinal or neck injuries, donot attempt to place the casualty inthe recovery position.

NOTE: Leaving the victim in thisposition for long periods may causethem to experience nervecompression.

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Thank you!

ANGDR. SERAFICOMEDICALCLINIC147-B Roosevelt Avenue, Barangay Paraiso,

San Francisco Del Monte, Quezon City

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Sources

http://en.wikipedia.org

http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/

UST Handbook of Medical Emergencies google

http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/recoveryhttp://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/firstaid/recovery