First AidFirst Aid

Chapter 5

Wounds

Open WoundsOpen Wounds

Break in skin surface with external bleeding

Open WoundsOpen Wounds

At risk for blood loss and infection

Open WoundsOpen Wounds

Several types of open wounds

Abrasion

Laceration

Incision

Contusion

Hematoma

Puncture

Avulsion

Amputation

Open WoundsOpen Wounds

AbrasionTop layer of skin is removed. Little or no blood lossPainful because nerve ending are also abraded

Open WoundsOpen Wounds

AbrasionGround in debris may be present

“Scrape”“Road rash”“Rug burn”

abrasion

abrasion

abrasion

Open WoundsOpen Wounds

LacerationCut skin with jagged edges.Caused by forceful tearing away of tissue.

laceration

laceration

laceration

Open WoundsOpen Wounds

IncisionSmooth edgesResemble surgical cut or paper cutAmount of bleeding depends on depth, location, size

incision

incision

incision

incision

Open WoundsOpen Wounds

PunctureUsually deep, narrow wounds in skin and underlying organs.

Open WoundsOpen Wounds

PunctureEntrance is usually smallHigh risk of infectionObject may still be present

puncture

puncture

Open WoundsOpen Wounds

AvulsionFlap of skin is torn loose and hanging.Can bleed heavilyMost often involve ears, fingers and hands

Open WoundsOpen Wounds

AvulsionIf possible, lay flap flat and realign in normal position

Open WoundsOpen Wounds

AmputationCutting of tearing off of a body partFingers, hand, toes, foot, arm leg

amputation

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

Wear glovesExpose woundControl bleeding with direct pressure

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

Cleaning the wound:Helps prevent infectionMay restart bleeding

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

Cleaning the wound:Shallow:Wash with soap and waterIrrigate with waterSMA as needed

Animal bites,

puncture wounds, serious wounds: always SMA

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

Cleaning the wound:Cover wound with sterile dressingKeep clean and dryChange dressing as needed

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

DO NOT Clean large or life- threatening wounds Scrub a wound

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

DO NOT Irrigate with full strength alcohol or Betadine Use hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide can effect blood flow and wound

healing

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

DO NOT Soak the wound Close the wound with tape Blow on the wound

Infection more likely

when bacteria is trapped in

wound

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

Covering the woundSmall does not require sutures:Apply antibiotic ointmentCover with sterile dressing

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

InfectionSwellingRednessThrobbing painDrainageFeverRed streaksChills

Serious sign of

infection.

SMA

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

TetnusEnters a wound with little oxygen, (puncture wound) releases toxins

Toxin travels to nervous system,

brain and spinal cord

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

TetnusMuscle contractions and paralysis

Starts with jaw - “Lock Jaw”

No know antidote.

Vaccination to prevent

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

Amputation

Control bleeding

Treat for shock

Recover amputated part

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

AmputationRinse to remove debris. Do not scrubWrap in clean dry dressing

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

Amputation

Place in plastic bag

Place in another plastic bag with ice

SMA

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

Amputation

DO NOT: Wrap in wet cloth Place directly on ice Use dry ice Cut off partially attached body part

Open Wounds: What to DoOpen Wounds: What to Do

Impaled Object

DO NOT remove

Control bleeding with direct pressure on skin around object

Stabilize object

Shorten only if necessary

Closed WoundsClosed Wounds

Happens when a blunt object strikes the body

Skin is not broken

Tissue and blood vessels beneath skin is crushed

Closed WoundsClosed Wounds

ContusionAnother name for a bruise.

Caused when blood vessels are damaged or broken from a blow to the skin

                             

              

contusion

Closed WoundsClosed Wounds

Hematomais a collection of blood outside the blood vessels,

Caused by internal bleeding

hematoma

hematoma

Closed WoundsClosed Wounds

What to do:Control bleeding with an ice pack

Elastic bandage as needed

Check for fracture

Elevate to decrease pain, swelling

Wounds that Require AttentionWounds that Require Attention

Arterial bleeding

Uncontrolled bleeding

Deep or large wound

Embedded objects

Animal bites

Internal bleeding

Use Common

Sense

SuturesSutures

“Stitches”

Should be done within 6-8 hours of injury

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

1. 1. Wash shallow wounds Wash shallow wounds with soap and waterwith soap and water. .

Yes

Wound Care

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

2. 2. Irrigating a wound with Irrigating a wound with water needs pressurewater needs pressure. .

Yes

Wound Care

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

3. Wounds with a high risk for 3. Wounds with a high risk for infection require medical infection require medical attention attention . .

Yes

Wounds

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

4. 4. Antibiotic ointment can Antibiotic ointment can be applied to any be applied to any woundwound. .

No

Wounds

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

5. Hydrogen Peroxide works 5. Hydrogen Peroxide works well on woundswell on wounds. .

No

Wounds

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

ScenerioScenerio: 23 y/o. Knife wound on : 23 y/o. Knife wound on

hand. shallow What to dohand. shallow What to do

Apply pressure

Clean wound

Keep clean and dry

Apply dresing

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

1. 1. Recover amputated Recover amputated part, take with victim to part, take with victim to hospitalhospital. .

Yes

Amputation

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

2. 2. Cut off partially Cut off partially attached partattached part. .

no

Amputation

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

3. 3. Wrap amputated part in Wrap amputated part in dry, clean cloth. Place in dry, clean cloth. Place in plastic bag. Keep coolplastic bag. Keep cool. .

Yes

Amputation

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

4. 4. Keep amputated part Keep amputated part buried in iceburied in ice. .

No

Amputation

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

5. 5. DO NOT let amputated DO NOT let amputated part become water part become water loggedlogged. .

Yes

Amputation

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

Stop bleeding

Retreive part – place in bag (ice)

Tx for shock

Scenario: Fingers stuck in mower blade. Two fingers cut off. What to do?

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

1.1. Removing an Impaled Object could cause more bleeding

Yes

Impaled Object

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

2.2. Prevent an Impaled Object from moving by placing bulky padding around object

Yes

Impaled Object

Learning Activities 5Learning Activities 5

Don’t remove object

Control bleeding

SMA

Scenario:

Construction worker drove large nail through hand. What to do?

First Aid KitsFirst Aid Kits

Item Quantity

Plastic baggie 1