FIRST AID presentation.ppt

8/14/2019 FIRST AID presentation.ppt

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Safetydoesnt

happen by

accident


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INJURIES

DO NOT

JUST

HAPPEN


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THEY ARE

PREDICTABLEAND

PREVENTABLE


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The Aims of

First Aid

3 Ps


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Preserve Life

Not only the

casualty's life, but

your own as well


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Prevent the situation from

Worsening

e.g. removing dangers such

as traffic or fumesacting to prevent the

casualty's condition fromdeteriorating.


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Promote RecoveryThe actions of a first aider

should, after preventing

things from getting worse,

help the casualty to recover

from their illness or injury.


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(SAMAD)


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physical injury

involving a breakin the layer(s) of

the skin.


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classified as

either closed or

open.


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Closed Wound

bruise, internal bleeding

the skins surface is notbroken and the damage to

soft tissue and blood

vessels happens below the

surface


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CARE FOR MINOR CLOSED

WOUND

Apply direct pressure.

Elevate the injured bodypart if it does notcause

more pain. Apply ice or a cold pack


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-Place towel or other

cloth between the source of coldand the persons skin.

- Leave the ice or cold pack onfor no more

than 20 minutes.


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Open Wounds

E.g. cut, scrapes,

lacerations,avulsionsthe skins surface is

broken and blood maycome through the tear in

the skin


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ABRASION

Skin has been rubbed or scraped away

cleaning the wound is important to prevent

infection


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LACERATION


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AVULSION

A cut in which a piece of soft tissue or

even part of the body, such as a finger,is

torn loose or is torn off entirely

(i.e.,amputation).


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PUNCTURE

Puncture wounds often do not bleed a lot

and can easily become infected.


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CARE FOR A

MINOROPEN

WOUND


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If readily available, put on

disposable gloves.


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Place a sterile dressing on the

woundApply direct pressure for a few

minutes to controlany bleeding


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Wash the wound thoroughlywith soap and water

irrigate for about 5 minutes withclean, running

tap water.


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Apply antibiotic ointment or cream

to a minor wound if the person

has no known allergies orsensitivities to

the medication


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Cover the wound


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Burns can damage one

or more layers of skinand the layers of fat,

muscle and bonebeneath


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Burns are caused by:

Heat. Chemicals.

Electricity.

Radiation (sun


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TYPES OF BURNS

Superficial Burn (first

degree)

Partial Thickness (second

degree)

Full Thickness (third

degree)


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Superficial Burn (first degree)

Involves only the top layer of

skin.

The skin is red, dry, andusually painful and the area

may swell.Usually heals within a week

without permanent scarring.


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Partial Thickness (second degree)

Involves the top layers of skin.

The skin is red; usually painful;

Has blisters that may open and weep

clear fluid,

Appears wetUsually heals in 3 to 4 weeks and

may scar.


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Full Thickness (third degree)

May destroy all layers of

skin bones and nerves.

Healing may require

medical assistance; scarring

is likely.


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Care for Thermal

(Heat) Burns


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Check the scene for safety.

Stop the burning by

removing the person from

the source of the burn.

Check for life-threatening

conditions


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Cool the burn with large

amounts of cold running

water until pain is relieved.

Cover the burn loosely with

a sterile dressing.

Prevent infection.


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Take steps to minimize

shock. Keep the person

from getting chilled or

overheated.Comfort and reassure

the person


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Never go near a person

with an electrical burn

until you are sure the

person is not still incontact with the power

source


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In the case of high-voltage

electrocution,such as that

caused by downedpowerlines,

call 9-1-1 or the localemergency number


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Turn off the power at

its source and care forany life-threatening

conditions.


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An electrical burn may

severely damage underlying

tissue

All people with electric

shock require advancedmedical care.

Wh C i f B DO


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When Caring for a Burn, DO

NOT

Apply ice or ice water except

on a small, superficial burn

and then for no more than 10minutes. Ice can cause the

body to lose heat and furtherdamages delicate tissue.

Wh C i f B DO


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When Caring for a Burn, DO

NOT

Touch a burn with anything except a

clean covering

Remove pieces of clothing that stickto the burned area.

Try to clean a severe burn.

Break blisters.

Use any kind of ointment on a severe

burn.


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Nosebleed


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Have the person sit

leaning slightly forward.

Pinch the nostrils

together for about 10minutes.


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Apply an ice pack to the bridge of the

nose.If bleeding does not stop

Apply pressure on the upper lip just

beneath the nose.IF THE PERSON LOSES

CONSCIOUSNESS:

position the person on the side toallow blood to drain from the nose.


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NOTE:

Seek medical attention if

the bleeding persists or

recurs or if the person

says it results from highblood pressure.


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After the bleeding stops

AVOID!!


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MUSCLE, BONE

AND JOINT

INJURIES


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Fracture

DislocationSprain

Strain


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Fracture

Complete break,

chip or crack in a

bone


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DISLOCATION

Movement of a bone at a joint

away from the normal position


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Sprain

Tearing of ligaments at a joint

May swell and can involve

fractures or dislocations

Most often occurs in the

ankle, knee, wrist or fingerjoint


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Strain

Stretching and tearing of

muscles or tendons

Often caused by lifting oroverwork

Usually involves muscles inthe neck, back, thigh, shoulder

or lower leg


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It is difficult to know if a

muscle, bone or jointinjury is a fracture,

dislocation, sprain orstrain.


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R.I.C.E

RestDo not move orstraighten the injured area.

IceApply a cold pack assoon as possible after the

injury.


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Compression

wrap the injury- Not too tight


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ElevateKeep

the affected areahigher than yourheart if possible.


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FAINTING


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FAINTING

When someonesuddenly loses

consciousness and thenreawakens

Will usually quickly

recover


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MANAGEMENT

Lower the person to the ground or

other flat surface and position the

person on his or her backIf possible, raise the persons legs

about 12 inches.

Loosen any tight clothing, such as

a tie or collar.


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Check to make sure the

person is breathing

Do not give the personanything to eat or drink.

If the person vomits, positionthe person on his or her side


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Knowsafety,Noinjury.

Nosafety,

Knowinjury


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Safetyis assimple asABCAlways Be

Careful


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