FIRST EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON BINASIA
29-30 APRIL 2004, BANGKOK
BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS IN INDIA
U. N. BEHERAJOINT SECRETARY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Developments in Biotechnology
• One of the most important disciplines
• Radical transformation in the fields of
(a) agriculture
(b) health care
(c) industry
(d) environment management
• basic and applied research essential
Biotechnology in India
Initiative in early 1980’sAgencies - DST, CSIR, ICAR, ICMR, UGCNational Biotechnology Development Board – 1982Department of Biotechnology – 1986Strategy :• Creation of Infrastructure• Human Resources Development• Promotion of R & D• Technology Transfer• Promotion of Industry• Public Private Partnership• Regulation• International Co-operation
Policy
Science Policy Resolution, 1958
Technology Policy, 1983
Science & Technology Policy, 2003
Biotechnology Vision, 2003
“Attaining new heights in
biotechnology research,
shaping biotechnology into
a premier precision tool of
the future for creation of
wealth and ensuring social
justice – specially for the
welfare of the poor.”
OUR VISIONOUR VISION
OUR MISSIONRealizing full potential of biotechnology
A well directed effort, significant investment for generation of products, processes and technologies
Enhance efficiency , productivity and cost effectiveness.
Scientific and technological empowerment of human resource
Strong infrastructure for research and commercialization
Enhance the knowledge base
Nurturing the leads of potential utility
Bringing the bioproducts to the market place
Product and Process
Development
Autonomous institutes
Research &
Development
Inter Biotech facilities, national
Human Human ResourcesResources
DevelopmentDevelopment
Bioinformatics
Biotech facilitiesprogramme support(infrastructure )
International cooperation
User Agencies & Industry
safety
BRPC Task forces
SAC ( O ) SAC ( DBT)
Ethics
Organizational Structure
1986-2003
Rs 18. 290 billion 1998-2004OR
US$ 522.6 million @ USD 1 = Rs 35/-
Adding 30% additional contribution from other S&T agencies supporting biology
The investment could be
US $ 679.3 Million
Investments
CORE ACTIVITIES These activities form the basic necessities for implementation of biotechnology programmes and their development in the country both from the viewpoint of application and commercialization. Human Resource Development, Support for New Centres of Excellence, Facilities, Repositories and Services, Basic and Product Oriented R&D, Biotech Product and Process Development, Bioinformatics, International Cooperation, Biotechnology Based Projects for Societal DevelopmentSupport to the Autonomous Institutions,
Special thrust
Genomics of human, animals, plants and microbesNetwork facilities for high throughput screening, functional genomics, microarray and structural genomics Pilot production facility for large-scale validation and testing of important diagnostic kits.Support basic and product oriented research and development.Bioinformatics International cooperation in new areas of modern biology including transgenics, computational biology, pharmacogenomics, neurosciences, etc.
Special thrust (continued)
Biotechnology based programmes for Societal Development: for weaker sections of population, rural development and women to utilise proven biotechnological tools for generating employment opportunities; empower dedicated youth; provide entrepreneurship training; utilisation of local natural resources and involve NGOs, grass root level organisations, national laboratories and universities
Biovillages, biotechnology parks would be an integral part of the societal development programme.
Autonomous Institutions
National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi
National Centre for Cell Sciences
Center for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Hyderabad;
National Center for Plant Genome Research, New Delhi;
National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon; and
Institute of Bioresource and Sustainable Development, Imphal
Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar
Mission Mode Programmes
Genomics : covering humans, plants, animals and microbes with emphasis on genome sequencing of microbes relevant to India
Development of new drugs and molecules from important medicinal plants: aims towards search for molecular targets/active principles in medicinal plants with respect to anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-arthritic, anti-brain disorders, immunomodulatory properties and cardio-protective agents..
Mission Mode Programmes…...
Bioresources characterization and inventorization and documentation from the special ecosystems: To prepare digitized inventories for bioresources – plant, animal, microbial and marine.
Production, demonstration and testing of biofuels: The programme focuses primarily on the 4 major aspects for Biofuels and Bioenergy production: Bioenergy plantation, Bioethanol production, Biodiesel and Hydrocarbons production and Alternative sources of hydrogen production. The programme has been initiated with an end-to-end approach, for technology development, demonstration and finally characterization and evaluation.
Mission Mode Programmes……….
New generation vaccines: The diseases targeted are Rabies, Cholera, HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Japanese Encephalitis and Malaria.
Biotechnological interventions for enhancing food and nutritional security: the programme involves enhancement of the crop productivity, value addition and genetic engineering for enhanced nutritional status with specific emphasis on development of pro-vitamin-A rice in India for alleviation of vitamin-A deficiency and nutritionally enhanced Potato, Chickpea etc.
HRD Programmes
• Post Graduate Teaching Programmes• Ph D Programme• Post Doctoral Fellowship• Short Term Training Programes• Industrial Training • Seminar, Symposium, Conference• Awards and Scholarships• Travel Support
Post Graduate Teaching
• General Biotechnology 30• Agricultural Biotechnology 7• Medical Biotechnology 3• Marine Biotechnology 2• Neurosciences 3• Industrial Biotechnology 1• Biochemical Engineering 6• Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 1• IPR 1
Human Resource Development
• Post graduate teaching
in 54 universities & institutions
• Number of students benefited - 3000
• Biologist scholarships (10+2) - 185
• Biotech Industrial training to 350 students
• Post doctoral fellowships - 400
Year of Start – 1986
Total No. of Distributed Bioinformatics Centers- 61 with each one is having focus on a specific area of biotechnology
One year Advanced diploma course on Bioinformatics - 5
Interactive Graphics facility – 6
Mirror Sites – 5
Super Computing facility - 1
BIOGRID INDIA – 11 Nodes
BIOINFORMATICS NETWORK
FOCUS OF THE PROGRAMME
• Building bioinformatics infrastructure – to build up shared bioinformatics and computational infrastructure from underlying advances in networking framework to hardware resources
• Bioinformatics integration – full integration of enabling bioinformatics techniques and technologies into biotechnology, health care and life sciences
• Information and software sharing – encourage sharing of major software and databases within the BTISnet
• Promote bioinformatics cooperation – national and international
• Human resource development – the HRD programme on Bioinformatics will be strengthened through systematic manpower development, technical training, scientific exchanges and outreach
BIOGRID INDIA
Service Providers VPN Network
MK Univ., Madurai
IISc, Bangalore
NBRC, Gurgaon
IMT, Chandigarh
CDFD, Hyderabad
Univ. of Pune
Deptt. Of Biotecdhnology, Delhi
JNU, Delhi
NII, Delhi
CBT, DUCampus, Delhi
South Campus, DU, Delhi
3640 Router Co-Located at Service Providers Node in Delhi
Internet
2 Mbps Leased Line
Cisco 2611 Router
BIOGRID INDIA
To give access to more computational power.
To make more data resources readily available.
To enable collaborative working and resource sharing through virtual organizations and communities.
To create new economic opportunities through new products and services.
MIRROR SITES
• EMBnet (CDFD)• PDB (IISc & University of Pune)• EBI Databases (Pune)• Plant Genome Databases (JNU)• Public domain Biotech Software
(IMTECH)
Subject wise Classification of Developed Databases
BROAD SUBJECT AREA
Agronomy Marine Biology
Aquaculture & Fisheries Medical Sciences
Biodiversity Microbiology & Parasitology
Bioinformatics & Computational Biology
Molecular Biology & Biochemistry
Commercial Biotechnology Plant Sciences
Crop Science & Biotechnology Taxonomy
Entomology Tissue Culture
Environmental Science Veterinary Science
Intellectual Property Rights
SOFTWARE CATEGORY
Sequence Analysis
Molecular Modelling
Simulation Studies
2D and 3D Graphics
Image processing
Statistical Analysis
Structure Prediction
Bibliographic
Evolutionary Studies
Analysis of Function
RAPD/RFLP/ Restriction Mapping
Cytogenetic Studies
Primer Design
Query and search engines
Management Information Systems
Some Major Biotechnology FacilitiesDBT has established 59 major infrastructure facilities
19 in plant Sciences
10 in medical sciences
30 useful for both areas and others
6 Culture collections-Blue green algaeMarine cyanobacteria Agriculturally useful organisms Industrial microbes Filaria Tuberculii
2 Animal House Facilities
Some Major Biotechnology Facilities….. 16 Genetic counseling centers established benefiting
18000 families and 4500 tribal families
2 Microarray Facilities
5 Automatic DNA sequencing Facilities
4 genomic /proteomic facilities
10 facilities for drug and molecular design
8 Gene Banks for crops and medicinal and aromatic plants
3 High/medium throughput facilities for screening extracts
5 Centers of Plant Molecular Biology
4 Centers for Genetic Engineering
MICROBIAL TYPE CULTURE COLLECTIONS HOME PAGE
www.mtcc.res.in
MTCC is now an International Depositary Authority (IDA) Under the Budapest
Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the
Purposes of Patent Procedure from October 2002
Research & Development1986 -2003
More than 2000 R&D projects launched in 20 identified areas.
To harness biological wealth and bioresource utilization, National Bioresource Development Board set up and bioprospecting, establishment of gene banks for conservation and bioresource inventorisation and development programmes implemented.
Rice genome sequencing project implemented as member of International Initiative to complete the sequencing of part of chromosome 11 completed before time with international appreciation.
Complete sequencing of Indian isolate of hepatitis C done
Rabies Ready for commercial use in animals – approvals awaited
Cholera Phase-IIA clinical trials Rotavirus Phase –I clinical trials, large
scale production of GMP materials with industry
HIV Malaria Anthrax
Others TuberculosisJEV
Pre-clinical evaluation for toxicity and immunogenicity, negotiation for large scale production of GMP materials with industry Pre-clinical evaluation for toxicity and immunogenicity
Status of vaccine research
Summary of Transgenic Research in India
Target Crops/ VegetablesCotton, Corn, Mustard, Rice, Soybean, Potato, Tobacco, Coffee, Tomato, Brinjal, Cauliflower, Pea, Cabbage, Banana, Muskmelon, Pigeonpea, Chickpea, Bell-pepper, Blackgram, Chilli, Watermelon etc.
Transgenes Employed Bt. toxin genes, Herbicide tolerant genes (CP4 EPSPS, Bar gene), Xa21, ctx-B and tcp of V.cholera, Chitinase, Glucanase, ACC synthase, RIP, Protease Inhibitor, Lectin, Ama-1, OXDC gene, Rabies glycoprotein gene, Bar, Barnase, Barstar, GNA gene, Vip-3 gene, Bacterial Blight Resistance gene, Osmotin etc.
Ready for field
trials(3) Under
green house trial(16)
Ready for greenhouse
trial(3)Released for commercial cultivation
(1)
Large scale field
trials(1)
Under Field trials(3)
Over 30 transgenic crops are under evaluation
• The first year Bt cotton was sown in about 40,000 hac, spread over six states.
• Farm trials have found: the GM cotton gave higher yield than
conventional varieties. used less pesticide than conventional varieties.
• The Bt cotton in the year 2003 was cultivated in > 250,000 Acres
• Seeds were imported in 1996• GEAC approved on March 26, 2002, the first
commercial transgenic crop:- Bt cotton
Bt Cotton
Summary of r-DNA Research in IndiaNumber of Institutions engaged ~ 230 Number of Private Institutions engaged ~ 35in transgenic research
Number of Public funded Institutions ~ 47engaged in transgenic research
Number of Private Institutions engaged ~ 37in r-DNA therapeutics
Other Institutions engaged in basic work ~ 111
1 1 4
35
5
2
42
27
Food BT Micropropagation Others
Health Care Vet care roducts biofertilisers
biocontrol agents Environment Aquaculture/marine
Herbal products
Technology TransferAbout 69 technologies from
indigenous R&D leads transferred to industry
Technology transfer
Products in Market resulting in import substitution and value addition
HIV diagnostic kits-Western Blot and ELISA test ,
Liposome mediated Amphotericin B drug delivery system,
Leprosy vaccine (1st of its kind in the world),
14 diagnostic kits for detection of Pregnancy and contraceptive problems,
12 Packages for bio-remediation of petroleum oil spills,
6 bio-fertilizers,
5 bio-pesticides formulations
6 Plant Tissue Culture protocols
Technology parks and incubators
A new scheme namely “Technology Incubators Pilot Level Facilities and Biotech Parks” introduced particularly for promotion of industrial biotechnology
The Golden Jubilee Women’s Biotechnology Park established at Chennai with 20 industrial modules.
Lucknow has been declared as Biotechnology city with implementation of Phase-I activities on Bioinformatics. A Biotechnology park established
A Genome Valley established with Biotechnology Incubator in Hyderabad
Biotech industrial growth
1998-2003About 38 companies are operational in modern biotechnological products.Additional 170 companies registered for future production activities
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION
Europe: U.K., Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Poland, France, Russia, Belarus,
North America: USA
South America: Brazil, Argentina, Cuba
Asia:
Multilateral- ASEAN, Asian Cooperation dialogue (ACD), SAARC
Bilateral: Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Mangolia, China, Japan, South Korea, Syria, Israel, Iran
Africa: Sudan, Egypt, Tunisia, Mauritius
Regulation
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMSs) AND r-DNA PRODUCTS
GOVERNED BY
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 - Rules, 1989Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 - Rules, 1989Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951 - New Industrial Policy & Procedures, 1991Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 - Drugs (Price Control) Order - 1995 - Drug Policy-1986 & Modification in September, 1994 & February, 1999.Seeds Act, 1966Seeds Rules, 1968Seeds (Control) Order, 1983Seeds Policy, 1988Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Right Act, 2001
r-DNA GUIDELINES
1990 “Recombinant DNA Safety Guidelines”
1994 “ Revised Guidelines for Safety in Biotechnology”
1998 “ Revised Guidelines for Research in Transgenic Plants &
Guidelines for Toxicity and Allergenicity Evaluation of
Transgenic Seeds, Plant Parts”
Competent AuthoritiesThe Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC)
The Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM)
The Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee(RDAC)
The Monitoring and Evaluation Committee (MEC)
The Institute Biosafety Committee (IBSC)
The State Biosafety Coordination Committee (SBCC)
The District Level Committee (DLC)
Other initiatives
Establishment of patent facilitation cell and to promote national and international patents of indigenous innovations and 112 patents filled with 7 international patents and 7 national patents granted.Revision of biosafety guidelines for transgenic plants.Guidelines for clinical trials of recombinant DNA vaccines formulated and published. Single window application processing mechanism for recombinant products setup.Accession to Budapest Treaty on microorganisms and establishment of International Depository Authority. National bioethics committee setup:Ethical policies on human genome, genetic research and services published.
BINASIA
1. An excellent idea for sharing of resources and expertise among the member countries
2. It could also provide close interaction with the scientific community in the region
3. It should provide seamless integration with the individual networks
4. It should provide access to the databases and softwares developed in different countries
5. India will be happy to share the information resources, know-how and expertise to strengthen biotechnology growth in the region
BINASIA (Contd..)6. India would actively participate in taking up joint
programmes in human resource development, research & development and sharing of resources and expertise with the member countries
7. India’s bioinformatics expertise will be useful in establishing and managing the web site for BINASIA
8. Organization and participation in short-term training programmes, exchange of overseas fellowships can immediately be implemented
9. Networking of scientists and laboratories for the purpose of joint research programmes in the areas of common interest should also be seriously explored to make BINASIA successful