Fish Farm- Design & Construction

MUHAMMED ANZEER F12.05.09

DEPARTMENT OF AQUATIC BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES

Since ancient times, fish have been held in a wide variety of man-

made structures.

These structures were built using simple methods and readily

available materials.

The fish or other aquatic crop were cared for by the fish farmer and

relied upon as an important source of protein for their families.

Typical fish farm was developed by forming small ponds by hand,

or an even simpler method of trapping tidal water flow in estuaries by

building simple water retaining structures.  

INTRODUCTION

Water availability

Temperature

Soil

Terrain

transportation

Electricity

Free of pathogens

Pollution

Trash fish any other undesirable organism

SELECTION OF A REGION

Open space for aeration

Future expansion of the project

susceptibility of the site to flooding

availability of suitable manpower to operate the farm

proximity of markets

ability to secure the site against poaching and sabotage

potential impact on neighbours and environment.

In general, knowledge of local geography and local and

regional hydrology, geology, climate and weather

Extensive Earthen pond Built to farm fish, specific and shape; water level and water quality monitored and maintained; some supplementary feeding; predator control.

Intensive Tanks, raceways, troughs, cages, small earthen ponds

Complete feeding. Generally, prepared feeds; highly managed ponds with regular water exchange/management

Extensive and Intensive Systems

Design of earthen ponds

Earthen ponds comprise the major capital investment in

aquaculture facilities throughout the world.

More than 90 per cent of the total global production is from

ponds.

The ponds and buildings should be laid out for efficient and

economic operation and the best utilization of the land.

Construction of ponds and drainage systems should be

planned and supervised by both an aquaculturist and an

engineer, particularly if a large system is to be constructed.

Type and Shape

There are three basic structural types.

excavated pond in which earth is removed and used for building the

banks. This type of pond can be constructed on flat or undulating land.

Levee ponds are constructed on very flat land and are similar in structure

to rice bays except that the banks must be high enough to contain the

necessary depth of water.

Gully or ravine ponds are restricted to hilly country and are constructed

by damming valleys or gullies.

Ponds should be square or rectangular to make the most efficient use of

available land. It is more economical to construct square ponds; however,

rectangular ponds are easier to manage.

Buildings and equipment

1.office

2.toilet and washroom

3.aboratory

4.meal room

5.general workroom with tanks for holding, sorting, quarantining and

treating fish, with vehicular access

plant room with filters and airblowers

store rooms for chemicals, feed, equipment

garages for vehicles, boats, pumps, traps, nets, mowers

workshop for repairing and making equipment

handling and packaging room for preparing fish for packaging and

dispatch

Supply and drainage

inlet and outlet. Both should be screened; the inlet to prevent the entry of

trash fish and other undesirable aquatic fauna, and the outlet to prevent the

loss of stocked fish.

Construct ponds so that they can be drained individually, completely and

rapidly.

This will enable the removal of all fish during harvesting and facilitate

efficient management, particularly when water quality and disease problems

occur.Each pond should have a deep (at least 2 metres) and a shallow (1-

metre) section; however, the preferred depth varies with the species and the

locality. (Buffer)

Build banks with slopes of about 3: 1. Line the banks with

topsoil and plant with grasses to ensure stability and prevent

erosion.

There is a large variation in the size of earthen ponds used in

aquaculture throughout the world and authorities disagree on

the optimum size of ponds.

The success of any production system in industry and agriculture

relies heavily on design and construction.

A well designed and constructed system provides the foundation for

successful operations.

Even the best management techniques can do little to optimize

production in poorly designed and inadequately constructed systems.

This applies to ponds at all levels of management.

CONCLUSION

THANKS