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DefinitionsDefinitions Amino AcidAmino Acid
– A building block for proteins; an organic acid A building block for proteins; an organic acid containing one or more amino groups (-NH2) containing one or more amino groups (-NH2) and at least on carboxylic acid group (-COOH)and at least on carboxylic acid group (-COOH)
ProteinProtein– naturally occurring complex combinations of naturally occurring complex combinations of
amino acids that contain the elements carbon, amino acids that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and several other elementshydrogen, nitrogen, and several other elements
LipidLipid– FatsFats
DefinitionDefinition
Vitamin Vitamin – An organic compound occurring in An organic compound occurring in
minute amounts in foods and minute amounts in foods and essential for numerous metabolic essential for numerous metabolic reactionsreactions
Fatty AcidFatty Acid– organic acid present in lipids, varying organic acid present in lipids, varying
in carbon content from 2 to 34 atomsin carbon content from 2 to 34 atoms
Digestive System Digestive System ComponentsComponents
MouthMouth PharynxPharynx esophagusesophagus stomachstomach pyloruspylorus intestineintestine liverliver gallbladdergallbladder
Feeding ClassificationsFeeding Classifications
CarnivoresCarnivores HerbivoresHerbivores OmnivoresOmnivores
Feeding ClassificationsFeeding Classificationsbased on feeding habitsbased on feeding habits Predator - troutPredator - trout Grazer - MulletGrazer - Mullet Strainer - Menhaden, bighead Strainer - Menhaden, bighead Suckers - Buffalofish, carpSuckers - Buffalofish, carp Parasites- lampreyParasites- lamprey
Energy in FeedEnergy in Feed
released during the breakdown of released during the breakdown of carbohydrates, amino acids and carbohydrates, amino acids and fatsfats
Fish cold bloodedFish cold blooded
Factors Effecting Energy Factors Effecting Energy UseUse
AgeAge Composition of the dietComposition of the diet Light exposureLight exposure Physiological activityPhysiological activity SizeSize SpeciesSpecies Water temperatureWater temperature
What is a CarbohydrateWhat is a Carbohydrate
Any of the various neutral Any of the various neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, such as sugars, and oxygen, such as sugars, starches and celluloses. starches and celluloses.
Most of these carbohydrates can Most of these carbohydrates can be used as an energy source for be used as an energy source for animalsanimals
Essential Fatty AcidsEssential Fatty AcidsWhy are they important?Why are they important? Required for normal growth and Required for normal growth and
developmentdevelopment Cannot be synthesized by the bodyCannot be synthesized by the body Function as part of the cell Function as part of the cell
membrane membrane Precursor for other biochemicalsPrecursor for other biochemicals ie.linolenic acid, linoleic and ie.linolenic acid, linoleic and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Fatty AcidsFatty Acids
Too LittleToo Little– skin lesions, heart problems, reduced growth skin lesions, heart problems, reduced growth
rate, reduced feed efficiency, poor rate, reduced feed efficiency, poor reproductive performance, increased reproductive performance, increased mortalitymortality
Too MuchToo Much– imbalance of digestible energy to crude imbalance of digestible energy to crude
protein rationprotein ration– excessive deposition of fat in the body excessive deposition of fat in the body
cavity & tissuescavity & tissues
ProteinsProteins
Provide energyProvide energy Supply amino acidsSupply amino acids meet requirements for functional meet requirements for functional
proteins - enzymes, hormones and proteins - enzymes, hormones and structural proteinsstructural proteins
Essential Amino AcidsEssential Amino Acids
Histidine Histidine Isoleucine Isoleucine LeucineLeucine LysineLysine ThreonineThreonine
Arginine Arginine PhenylalaninePhenylalanine MethionineMethionine TrypophanTrypophan ValineValine
HILL TAP MTV
Protein and FishProtein and Fish
Protein requirements higher than Protein requirements higher than warm-blooded animalswarm-blooded animals
Requirement declines with ageRequirement declines with age Animal proteins are generally Animal proteins are generally
better but cost morebetter but cost more Combination of proteins more Combination of proteins more
effective than single sourceeffective than single source
Protein DeficiancyProtein Deficiancy
Reduction in weight gainReduction in weight gain Cataracts in salmonidsCataracts in salmonids curved spinescurved spines Disruption of the metabolism of Disruption of the metabolism of
mineralsminerals
VitaminsVitamins Water SolubleWater Soluble Vitamin CVitamin C ThiamineThiamine RiboflavinRiboflavin Pyridoxine (B6)Pyridoxine (B6) PanothenicPanothenic NiacinNiacin BiotinBiotin FolateFolate Vitamin B12Vitamin B12 Choline and MyoinositolCholine and Myoinositol
Fat SolubleFat Soluble Vitamin AVitamin A Vitamin DVitamin D Vitamin EVitamin E Vitamin KVitamin K
Vitamin FunctionsVitamin Functions
Vit. C - formation of connective Vit. C - formation of connective tissue, bone matrix, and wound tissue, bone matrix, and wound repairs. Iron absorptionrepairs. Iron absorption
Vit. A - sight, growth, repro,resist Vit. A - sight, growth, repro,resist infection and maintain body infection and maintain body coveringscoverings
Vit. D - helps the body work with Vit. D - helps the body work with calciumcalcium