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C h a p t e r

13

The Spinal Cord,

Spinal Nerves,and Spinal Reflexes

PowerPoint Lecture Slidesprepared by Jason LaPres

Lone Star College - North Harris

Copyright 2009 Pearson Eduation, !n",

pu#lishing as Pearson $en%a&in Cu&&ings

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utline

!. "# I#$%&'C$I# $ %E()E*E+

2. +PI#") %E()E*E+

. I#$E-%"$I# "#& C#$%) ( +PI#")

%E()E*E+

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bjectie

!. E/plain the roles o 1hite matter and gray matter in

processing and relaying sensory inormation and motor

commands.

2. &escribe the process o a neural rele/.

. Classiy the types o rele/es, and e/plain the unctions o

each.

. &istinguish bet1een the types o motor responses produced

by arious rele/es.

3. E/plain ho1 rele/es interact to produce comple/ behaiors.4. E/plain ho1 higher centers control and modiy rele/

responses.

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Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

"n Introduction

(igure !5! "n erie1 o Chapters ! and !.

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-ray 6atter and 7hite 6atter

rgani8ation o -ray 6atter The gray horns

Posterior gray horns contain somatic and isceral

sensory nuclei"nterior gray horns contain somatic motor nuclei

)ateral gray horns are in thoracic and lumbar

segments: contain isceral motor nuclei

Gray commissures

"/ons that cross rom one side o cord to the other

beore reaching gray matter

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-ray 6atter and 7hite 6atter

rgani8ation o -ray 6atter

$he cell bodies o neurons orm unctional

groups called nuclei

Sensory nuclei:

5 dorsal ;posteriorin

6onitored by speciic pair o spinal neres

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+pinal #eres and Ple/uses

Peripheral #europathy

%egional loss o sensory or motor unction

&ue to trauma or compression

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+pinal #eres and Ple/uses

(igure !59 +hingles.

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#euronal Pools

(unctional rgani8ation o #eurons Sensory neurons

"bout !0 million

&elier inormation to C#+

Motor neurons

"bout !@2 million

&elier commands to peripheral eectors

Interneurons

"bout 20 billion

Interpret, plan, and coordinate signals in and out

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#euronal Pools

Neuronal Pools

(unctional groups o interconnected neurons

;interneuronss o neural unction

ne neural rele/ produces one motor response

%ele/ arc

$he 1iring o a single rele/

Beginning at receptor

Ending at peripheral eector

-enerally opposes original stimulus ;negatie eedbac>in, mucous membranes

stretch or deep tendon rele/es ;e.g., patellar, or >neeD

jer>, rele/eletal muscles rom

&eeloping too much tension

$earing or brea>ing tendons

+ensory receptors unli>e muscle spindles or

proprioceptors

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+pinal %ele/es

(igure !5!9 " (le/or %ele/.

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+pinal %ele/es

%eciprocal Inhibition

(or le/or rele/ to 1or>

$he stretch rele/ o antagonistic ;e/tensor