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8/14/2019 FIU - Eye Anatomy.ppt
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Eye AnatomyOrthopedic Assessment IIIHead,
Spine, and Trunk with LabPET 5609C
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Clinical Anatomy
Orbit:
Cavity or socket of the skull which houses the
eye
Protects and stabilizes the eye
Serves as attachment site for extrinsic muscles
Orbital Marginsbases which open in the face
(4 borders) Supraorbital marginfrontal bone
Inraorbital marginzygomatic and maxilla bones
Lateral marginzygomatic and frontal bones
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Clinical Anatomy
YellowFrontalBone
BlueZygomaticBone
PurpleMaxillaBone
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Clinical Anatomy
Orbital Anatomy:Anterior aspect or roof
Frontal Bone
Posterior aspect Sphenoid Bone
Medial aspect
Lacrimal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid bones
Lateral aspect
Zygomatic and sphenoid bones
Orbit is thickest
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Clinical Anatomy
Frontal Bone
Zygomatic
Bone
LacrimalBone
Ethmoid
Bone
Maxilla Bone
Sphenoid
Bone
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8/14/2019 FIU - Eye Anatomy.ppt
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Clinical Anatomy
Superior Orbital Fissure Opening between lesser and
greater wings of sphenoidbone
Allows cranial nerves,arteries, and veins tocommunicate with eye
Optic Canal Foramen which the optic
nerve passes to reach thebrain
Optic Nerve
Cranial nerve II
Transmits visual informationfrom the retina to the brain
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Clinical Anatomy
Superior
Orbital Fissure
Optic Fissure
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Clinical Anatomy
Sclera: White of the eye
Tough, opaque tissue that servesas the eye's protective outer
Optic nerve is attached to the
sclera at the very back of the eye Pupil:
Opening in center of iris
Size of the pupil determines theamount of light that enters theeye
Pupil size is controlled by thedilator and sphincter muscles ofthe iris
Neurological Functionpupilsreaction to light
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Clinical Anatomy
Iris: Colored part of the eye
Controls light levels inside the eye
Divides the anterior chamber fromposterior chamber
Color comes from microscopicpigment cells (melanin)
The color, texture, and patterns ofeach person's iris are as unique as afingerprint
Muscles acting on Iris: Sphincter muscle:
In bright light, the sphinctercontracts, causing the pupil toconstrict
Dilator muscle: Dilates the eye in dim lighting
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Clinical Anatomy
Conjunctiva: Thin mucous membrane that
covers the outer surface of the
eye (sclera)
Lines inside of the eyelids
Anteriorly - continous with
the cornea
Nourished by tiny blood
vessels (nearly invisible to thenaked eye)
Secretes oils and mucous that
moisten and lubricate the eye
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Clinical Anatomy
Cornea: Transparent, dome-
shaped window coveringthe front of the eye
(normally clear with ashiny surface)
Powerful refracting surface(provides 2/3 of the eye'sfocusing power)
Extremely sensitive More nerve endings in the
cornea than anywhere elsein the body
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Clinical Anatomy
Ciliary Body: Lies behind the iris
Attached to the ciliary body are tinyfiber ligaments (zonules)suspendthe lens
Produces aqueous humor (clear fluidthat fills the front of the eye)
Controls accommodation to light bychanging the shape of the lens Ciliary body contracts - zonules relax
and lens thicken, the eye's ability tofocus up close
Ciliay body relaxes - zonules contractand lens becomes thinner, adjustingthe eye's focus for distance vision
Lens: Located just behind the iris
Focuses light onto the retina
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Clinical Anatomy
Retina: Multi-layered sensory tissue that
lines the back of the eye
Contain millions of
photoreceptors that capture lightrays and converts them into
electrical impulses
Impulses: Optic nerve to Brain
(images)
Cones(6 million) Bright light (help us
differentiate color)
Rods(125 million)
Peripheral and night vision
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Blink Reflex
Corneal Reflex - Blink Reflex Involuntary blinking of the eyelids elicited by
stimulation (touching or a foreign body) of the cornea,or bright light
Should elicit response of the opposite eye also
Time = 0.1 second
Purpose - protect the eyes from foreign bodies andbright lights
Controlled by: Cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve) - senses the stimulus on the
cornea, lid, or conjunctiva.
Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)initiates motor response
Use of contact lenses may diminish or abolish this reflex
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Clinical Anatomy
Muscular Anatomy:
Inferior Rectus
Superior Rectus
Medial Rectus Lateral Rectus
Inferior Oblique
Superior Oblique
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Clinical Anatomy
Eye Movement Terminology:
Ductionmovement of one eye by itself
Versionmovement of the 2 eyes in the same direction
Adductioneye looks toward the nose Abductioneye looks toward the ear
Dextroversionboth eyes look to the right
Levoversionboth eyes look to the left
Supraversionboth eyes upgaze
Infraversion- downgaze
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Clinical Anatomy
Medial Rectus: Strongest of the extra-
ocular muscles
Most mass of EOMs
Most anterior insertion(extra leverage)
ActionAdduction(eyes move towards the
nose) Lateral Rectus:
Action- Abduction
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Clinical Anatomy
Superior Rectus:
Actionelevation,
upward rotation
Rotationanglesnasally toward site of
origin
Tendon of the Superior
Oblique muscle passes
underneath the SR
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Clinical Anatomy
Inferior Rectus:
Actiondepression,
downward rotation,
adduction
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Clinical Anatomy
Superior Oblique: Keeps the eyeballs level
as the head tilts
Longest of the EOMs
Passes through apully called thetrochlea
Redirects the action
Action:Abduction of globe
Depression of globe
Rotation of globe
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Clinical Anatomy
Inferior Oblique:
Passes underneath the
inferior rectus
Action: Elevation of globe
Adduction of globe
Rotation of globe
Keeps the eyeballslevel as the head tilts
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Muscle Action Origin Insertion Innervation
Inferior
Rectus
Depression,
Downward
Rotation
From a tendinous
ring on posterior
aspect of orbit
Middle of the
inferior aspect of
anterior globe
Oculomotor
Superior
Rectus
Elevation, Upward
Rotation
From a tendinous
ring on posterior
aspect of orbit
Middle of the
superior aspect of
anterior globe
Oculomotor
Medial
Rectus
Medial Rotation
(Adduction)
From a tendinous
ring on posterior
aspect of orbit
Middle of the
superior aspect of
anterior globe
Oculomotor
Lateral
Rectus
Lateral Rotation
(Abduction)
From a tendinous
ring on posterior
aspect of orbit
Middle of the
superior aspect of
anterior globe
Abducens
Inferior
Oblique
Adduction,
Elevation of globe,
Rotation of globewhen abducted
From the periosteum
of the maxilla
Inferolateral
quadrant of the
globe
Oculomotor
Superior
Oblique
Abduction,
Depression of
globe, Rotation of
globe when
adducted
Greater wing of the
sphenoid
Superolateral
quadrant of the
globe
Trochlear