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Five Minute Writing Assignment List five characteristics of Mesopotamian civilization and list five
characteristics of Egyptian civilization.Mesopotamia
• River (flooding/silt)• City-state• Dynasty• Polytheism• Ziggurats• Code of laws• Epic of Gilgamesh
Egypt
• River (flooding/silt)• Delta area• Theocracy• Pyramids• Mummification• Hieroglyphics• papyrus
Egypt & The Nile
• Originally called Kemet, after the black soil that was located there.
• Later named Egypt by Greeks
Egypt Unites
• In the beginning, Egypt was separated into two kingdoms:–1. Lower Egypt–2. Upper Egypt
Early Peoples• As early as 5000 years ago man
began to settle in the Nile valley.• Leaders united these early peoples
into kingdoms.• By 4000 BCE two main kingdoms
dominated.–Upper- southern Egypt–Lower- northern Egypt
King Menes (Namer)
• Established a capital, Memphis
• Established first Egyptian Dynasty
• Unites Upper and Lower Egypt
Pharaohs• Egyptian kings = pharaohs• The Egyptians viewed their
pharaohs the same as the gods–KINGS WERE GODS
• Stood as center of religion as well as government and army
• Type of Government = Theocracy
The Old Kingdom
2700-2200 BCE• Governed by a theocracy: government &
religion ruled by same group or person.• Pharaoh: religious and govt. leader of
Ancient Egypt.• Delegated many responsibilities to
bureaucracy.
Middle Kingdom: Hyksos Rule
• 1700BCE Local leaders began to challenge the rule of the Thebans
• Hyksos, a people from western Asia swept into Egypt– Bronze Weapons– Horse Drawn Chariots
• Hyksos rule Egypt for 110 years
Rule of Ahmose
• 1600BCE Ahmose gathers forces and drives out the Hyksos
• This Begins the New Kingdom
• Extends empire to the East and North
Rebuilding Egypt
• First Ahmose then Hatshepsut are dedicated to restoring the glory of Egypt.
• 1480 BCE Hatshepsut comes to power, rules over Egypt as Pharaoh
• Builds up city of Thebes. With obelisks and statues
Ramses II & Decline
• Rules Egypt for 67 years• Believed to be the Biblical Pharaoh that
tormented Moses
• After his death in 1237 BCE Egypt begins a decline
• In 945 BCE Lybians and Kushites take control of Nile Valley
Trade• By 3200 BC, Egyptians were
trading with the Mesopotamians• Also traded up and down the Nile
–Gold–Ivory–Cattle–Granite blocks
Religion• Polytheistic (?)• 2,000 gods and
goddesses• Built huge temples
to honor gods• Believed in
afterlife–Osiris – god of the
dead
Social• Very different from
Mesopotamia• Egypt’s united kingdom
allowed–High degree of unity–Stability–Cultural continuity (common traditions/customs)
Intellectual
• Developed writing = hieroglyphics
• Developed written numbers for recording taxes–Addition, subtraction
Achievements• Knowledge in math = skillful
engineers–Pyramids–Palaces
• Egyptian Architects first to use stone columns in homes, palaces and temples
• 12 month, 365 day calendar from studying the stars–So accurate it was only 6 hours off from
today’s calendar year
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?
What number is this?
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic
symbols 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic
symbols
Preparations for the Underworld
Preparations for the Underworld
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
Egyptian MummiesEgyptian Mummies
Seti I1291-1278 B.
C. E.
Seti I1291-1278 B.
C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of
Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of
Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
Geography• Nile River – 4,100 miles long, flows
northward • Every year in July the river flooded
REGULARLY leaving behind rich soil. • The Nile is the longest river in the
world!• Before emptying, marshy Nile Delta
begins. • In springtime the Nile floods & deposits
fertile silt.