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Flagship lead institutions
Flagship 1: ILRI - International Livestock Research Institute
Flagship 2: CIAT – International Center for Tropical Agriculture
Flagship 3: UVM - University of Vermont
Flagship 4: IRI – International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Earth Institute, Columbia University
Cover photo: Model farmer in Doyogena Climate-Smart Farm in Ethiopia. G. Ambaw (CCAFS)
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CCAFS is funded by:
CGIAR Trust Fund ACIAR - Australian Centre for
International Agricultural Research Irish Aid
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC
Thailand
United Kingdom Aid
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Participating CGIAR Centers
AfricaRice - Africa Rice Center BIOVERSITY - Bioversity
International CIAT - International Center for
Tropical Agriculture
CIFOR - Center for International Forestry Research
CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo
CIP - Centro Internacional de la Papa
ICARDA - International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry
Areas ICRAF - World Agroforestry Centre
ICRISAT - International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-
Arid Tropics
IFPRI - International Food Policy Research Institute
IITA - International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
ILRI - International Livestock Research Institute
IRRI - International Rice Research Institute
IWMI - International Water Management Institute
WorldFish
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Other key partners
CARE IIRR - International Institute of
Rural Reconstruction IRI - Columbia University
University of Copenhagen University of Leeds Utrecht University
UVM - University of Vermont WUR - Wageningen University and
Research Women in Global Science and
Technology
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Acronyms
A4NH CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health
ACPC African Climate Policy Center
AfDB African Development Bank
AGN African Group of Negotiators
AGNES Africa Group of Negotiators Expert Support
AGRHYMET Regional Centre for Training and Application of Agrometeorology and Operational
Hydrology
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
AWD Alternate wetting and drying
AV Available
CAC Central American Agricultural Council’s (CAC)
CAAS Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere
CCAFS CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
CIAT International Center for Tropical Agriculture
CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research
CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
CIP International Potato Center
CIS Climate information services
CLIFF Climate Food and Farming
CLIFF-GRADS Climate Food and Farming – Global Research Alliance Development Scholarships
CoA Clusters of activity
COCOBOD Ghana Cocoa Board
COP Conference of the Parties
CORAF/WECARD West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development
CR4D Climate research for development
CRAFT CCAFS Regional Agricultural Forecasting Tool
CRP CGIAR Research Program
CSA Climate-smart agriculture
CSAq Climate-smart aquaculture
CS-MAP Climate-risk related maps and adaptation plans
CSV Climate-Smart Village
DfID Department for International Development (UK)
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EiB European Investment Bank
Ep-IA Ex-post impact assessment
FAN Focal Area Network
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FLW Food loss and waste
FMARD Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Nigeria)
FP Flagship Program
FTA CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry
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GCAN Gender, Climate Change, and Nutrition Integration Initiative
GHG Greenhouse gas
GIZ German Corporation for International Cooperation GmbH
GRA Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases
ICAR Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research
ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
ICPAC Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development Climate Prediction and
Applications Centre
ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre
ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
ICT Information and communication technology
IDO Intermediate Development Outcome
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC International Finance Cooperation
IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute
IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development
IIRR International Institute of Rural Reconstruction
IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
ILRI International Livestock Research Institute
IMPACT International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade
INR Indian Rupee
IP Intellectual property
IRI International Research Institute for Climate and Society
IRRI International Rice Research Institute
ISC Independent Steering Committee
ISI International Scientific Indexing
ITPGRFA International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
IWMI International Water Management Institute
KDB Kenya Dairy Board
LED Low emission development
LP Learning Platform
LATC Local Agro-Technical Commitees
LTAC Local Technical Agroclimatic Committee
M&E Monitoring and evaluation
MADR Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Colombia)
MARLO Managing Agricultural Research for Learning and Outcomes
MEL Monitoring, evaluation and learning
MELIA Monitoring, evaluation, impact assessment and learning
MIS Management information system
MRV Monitoring, reporting and verification
NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action
NAP National Adaptation Plan
NARES National Agricultural Research Extension Systems
NDC Nationally Determined Contribution
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NEPAD New Partnership for Africa's Development
NGO Non-governmental organizations
OICR Outcome Impact Case Report
PC Proof of concept
PICSA Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture
PIL Piloting
PIM CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets
POWB Plan of Work and Budget
PVP Plant Variety Protection
R&D Research and development
RHoMIS Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey
RPL Regional Program Leader
RTB CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas
SAMPLES Standard Assessment of Agricultural Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods
SDG Sustainable Development Goal
SECTOR Source-selective and Emission-adjusted GHG Calculator for Cropland
SESAN Food and Nutrition Security Secretariat of Guatemala
SLO System Level Outcome
SNV Netherlands Development Organization
SOC Soil organic carbon
SRF CGIAR Strategic Results Framework
UEMOA West African Economic and Monetary Union
UF University of Florida
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USD United States Dollar
USE Uptake by next user
UVM University of Vermont
VSLA Village Savings and Loan Association
W1 Portfolio window funding
W2 Program window funding
W3 Project window funding
WBCSD World Business Council for Sustainable Development
WLE CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WUR Wageningen University and Research
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Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 1
Part A: NARRATIVE SECTION .................................................................................................................... 2
1. Key Results ........................................................................................................................................ 2
1.1 Progress Towards SDGs and SLOs .............................................................................................. 2
1.2 CRP Progress towards Outputs and Outcomes .......................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Overall CRP progress ........................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Progress by flagships ........................................................................................................... 3
1.2.3 Variance from Planned Program for this year .................................................................... 4
1.2.4 Altmetric and publication highlights ................................................................................... 5
1.3 Cross-cutting dimensions (at CRP level)..................................................................................... 6
1.3.1 Gender .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.3.2 Youth and other aspects of social inclusion/“Leaving No-one Behind” ............................ 8
1.3.3 Capacity Development ........................................................................................................ 9
1.3.4 Climate Change .................................................................................................................... 9
2. Effectiveness and Efficiency ........................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Management and governance ................................................................................................. 10
2.2 Partnerships .............................................................................................................................. 10
2.2.1. Highlights of External Partnerships .................................................................................. 10
2.2.2. Cross-CGIAR Partnerships................................................................................................. 10
2.3 Intellectual Assets ..................................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Monitoring, Evaluation, Impact Assessment and Learning (MELIA) ....................................... 11
2.5 Efficiency ................................................................................................................................... 12
2.6 Management of Risks to Your CRP ........................................................................................... 12
2.7 Use of W1/W2 Funding ............................................................................................................ 13
3. Financial Summary .......................................................................................................................... 13
Part B. TABLES ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Table 1: Condensed list of policy contributions in this reporting year ............................................. 14
Table 2: List of Outcome/ Impact Case Reports from this reporting year ........................................ 25
Table 3: Condensed list of innovations by stage for this reporting year ......................................... 27
Table 4: Summary of status of Planned Outcomes and Milestones ................................................. 31
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Table 5: Numbers of peer-reviewed publications from current reporting period ........................... 49
Table 6: Participants in CapDev Activities.......................................................................................... 50
Table 7: Key external partnerships .................................................................................................... 51
Table 8: Internal Cross-CGIAR Collaborations ................................................................................... 54
Table 9: Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning and Impact Assessment (MELIA) ................................... 57
Table 10: Update on Actions Taken in Response to Relevant Evaluations ....................................... 61
Table 11: Examples of W1/2 Use in this reporting period (2018) ..................................................... 62
Table 12: CRP Financial Report ........................................................................................................... 63
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CCAFS is progressing well, with (i) accumulated outcomes already bringing CCAFS close to its 2022 target of
11 million farm households having adopted CSA; (ii) CCAFS positioned in key global processes; (iii) CCAFS
science in high demand; and (iv) CCAFS conducting a range of cross-Center/CRP activities to fulfil its
integrating function.
Various adoption/outcome studies were conducted. For example, for the 140,000 farmers trained and
facilitated in Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture, studies provide evidence that 90% of
crop-based farmers changed their practices. A major evaluation in 2018 of CCAFS progress in Africa was
very positive, with recommendations for greater focus on social inclusion and M&E.
CCAFS continues to be involved in all relevant global processes, e.g. CCAFS staff have become key advisors
to the Global Commission on Adaptation.
Flagship 1 facilitated the use of CGIAR science in the design/implementation of World Bank investment
worth hundreds of millions of dollars in more than 20 countries. Flagship 2 saw the finalization of a CSA
Compendium, with 50,000 data points of evidence on 70 CSA technologies. Flagship 3 informed 12 policies
to support improved monitoring, reporting and verification, finance, and technical options for major
projects and policies, as well as private sector standards. At least 41 government, NGO, private sector and
community-based institutions used Flagship 4 science to better support farmers’ management of climatic
risks, e.g. the agCelerant platform provided more than 50,000 farmers with bundled financial services.
The CCAFS gender and social inclusion work facilitated many outputs, e.g. research in 45 countries showed
how IT-facilitated climate-informed advisories can be better tailored to meet gender objectives; and gender
outcomes of CSA adoption were monitored in nine Climate-Smart Village sites in eight countries. The role
of youth as information disseminators is also being explored, e.g. as CSA "Infomediaries" in the Philippines,
reaching 225,000 students.
CCAFS scientists produced 168 peer-reviewed publications in 2018, with at least two receiving over 5000
downloads and two with Altmetric scores over 500. CCAFS data was also in high demand, with e.g. 39.47
TB of data downloaded from CCAFS-Climate (down-scaled Global Circulation Models data), 26,828 visits to
the site, and citations in 74 journal articles.
In 2018, more than 700,000 participants benefitted from capacity development activities, with a focus on
UNFCCC processes, e.g. in Africa CCAFS provided training on Nationally Determined Contributions.
Partnerships continued to underpin CCAFS efforts, and helped achieve outcomes, e.g. with Root Capital
using CCAFS science to evaluate over 250 loans.
No major course corrections were needed, but there was a project portfolio overhaul, which involved a
detailed analysis of past performance of all aspects of CCAFS. Six previously established Learning Platforms
continued to support links between CRPs/Centers. For example, a CCAFS team working across the CGIAR
tailored the Smart Data Collection App to measure the efficacy of emerging CGIAR practices and
technologies using a climate lens, now implemented with 2337 farmers (51% women).
W1/W2 funds were used to fund the core elements of CCAFS. We argue that all CCAFS achievements can
be directly linked to W1/W2.
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Part A: NARRATIVE SECTION
1. Key Results
1.1 Progress Towards SDGs and SLOs
Accumulated outcomes over the past two years of Phase II are already bringing CCAFS closer to the target
of 11 million farm households adopting climate-smart agriculture (CSA) by 2022; approximately 3 million
households have already been reached. This includes over 900,000 recipients of climate information
services (CIS) in Ghana, Colombia, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Rwanda, all reached in 2018. An
ex-post impact assessment (ep-IA) will be initiated in late 2019 to study the impacts of CIS on the 300,000
Ghanaian farmers now receiving these services. For the 140,000 farmers that have been trained and
facilitated in Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA), in Rwanda, Ghana, Tanzania,
Malawi, Mali and Senegal, studies provide evidence that a strong majority (90%) of crop-based farmers
changed their management in response.
Working with major multi-lateral development agencies, national agencies and the private sector, poverty
alleviation and nutrition goals were advanced. An independent outcome study demonstrated how CGIAR
technical advice and knowledge products have contributed to climate-related improvements in at least 65
large agricultural projects/programs in low- and middle-income countries supported by World Bank grants
and loans. African Development Bank’s (AfDB) $1.3 billion CSA investment in the Sahel and Congo basin was
also informed by CCAFS. Efforts were stepped up with IFAD, with CCAFS providing ongoing support in
developing/testing a framework for implementing transformational approaches to climate, environment,
gender, nutrition and youth. Efforts were also made to facilitate private sector action towards these goals,
and Root Capital in collaboration with CCAFS introduced a climate change indicator, which has been used
to evaluate 251 loans totalling $146 million. At the same time, an ep-IA was conducted on the Indian
National Food Security Act, providing evidence of how research contributed to the development of the Act,
and pointing to the challenges of implementation. This, and other work, has placed a greater emphasis in
CCAFS on policy implementation over supporting policy enactment.
In terms of reducing GHGs from agriculture, the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) Facility
has approved the €15 million Thai Rice NAMA project, to be supplemented by €30 million in additional
investments targeting 100,000 rice farmers in six provinces to reduce emissions by about 2.2 million tons
of CO2e. Efforts to mitigate emissions from the rice sector also achieved scale in Bangladesh in partnership
with the Focal Area Network (FAN) that committed to promoting alternate wetting and drying (AWD)
adoption to more than 50,000 farmer-members.
1.2 CRP Progress towards Outputs and Outcomes
1.2.1 Overall CRP progress
The CRP is progressing well, positioning itself in key global processes and producing outputs that are in high
demand. For example, CCAFS staff have become key advisors to the Global Commission on Adaptation. In
Flagship 1 (Priorities and Policies for CSA), CGIAR science was used in the design/implementation of World
Bank investment projects worth hundreds of millions of dollars in over 20 low-income countries. Innovative
activities around gaming included a climate tipping points game played with UNFCCC delegates. In Flagship
2 (Climate-Smart Technologies and Practices), 12 innovations were reported, covering topics from social
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science to management practices. Science highlights include finalization of a CSA Compendium, with
evidence on 70 CSA technologies across Africa. In Flagship 3 (Low Emissions Development), research
produced 15 innovations and informed 12 policies to support improved monitoring, reporting and
verification (MRV), finance and technical options for major projects/policies in several countries, and private
sector standards. At least 41 government, NGO, private sector and community-based institutions used
Flagship 4 (Climate Services and Safety Nets) science to better support farmers’ climatic risk management,
e.g. CCAFS contributed to farmers’ access to financial services, providing over 50,000 farmers with bundled
services.
1.2.2 Progress by flagships
Flagship 1 (FP1) progress:
Policy-related outcomes include multilateral germplasm accession sharing agreements in East Africa, inputs
to sector development plans in Bhutan and the Philippines, Colombia's green growth policy, and Central
American Agricultural Council CSA strategy implementation plans. CGIAR science was used in the
design/implementation of World Bank investment projects worth hundreds of millions of dollars in over 20
low-income countries. A framework for implementing transformational approaches in climate, gender,
nutrition and youth was developed to inform IFAD's future investments. Gender has been positioned in
national and regional CSA agendas in Central America. The African Group of Negotiators (AGN) was
supported to develop submissions to the UNFCCC on gender and agriculture. Innovative activities around
gaming included one focusing on climate tipping points played with UNFCCC delegates. Regional and
country Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) trainings were undertaken in three regions, and a 10-
month capacity development process for the Senate of Cambodia on climate change and national
commitments was initiated. Collaboration with A4NH included reviews of nutrition-climate change research
gaps. The Learning Platform on ex-ante evaluation and decision support for climate-smart options
collaborated with eight Centers and six CRPs on publications, suitability mapping and a workshop for
climate-informed breeding strategy priority-setting. Publications included syntheses of CCAFS’s baseline
surveys, CGIAR research on learning alliances, and dialogue platforms at the science-policy interface.
Flagship 2 (FP2) progress:
FP2 informed 16 policies in 2018 (81% Level 2 in maturity). Twelve innovations are reported, covering a
range of topics from social science to management practices, four of which are ready for uptake or already
experiencing uptake by next users. Six outcome cases are reported (three Level 2 maturity), and 111 journal
articles were published (82% Open Access and 93% in ISI indexed journals). Science highlights include
finalization of a CSA Compendium, with 50,000 data points of evidence on 70 CSA technologies across Africa,
production of a global synthesis on CSA priorities drawing on CSA country profiles for over 30 countries, and
participatory evaluation of 94 practices in Climate-Smart Villages (CSVs). Significant outcomes include the
use of climate risk assessment for UTZ certification schemes (potentially reaching 2.3 million farmers),
incorporation of risk screening approaches for impact investors of US$ 146 million, and an outscaling
scheme for CSA residue management by the Indian government with US$ 167 million invested and 2 million
potential beneficiaries. Significant progress is being made on ICT-enabled advisories in Latin America, and
East and West Africa.
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Flagship 3 (FP3) progress:
In 2018, CCAFS research produced 101 publications, 15 innovations and five outcomes, and informed 12
policies, to support improved MRV, finance and technical options for major projects and policies in Vietnam,
Colombia, Kenya, India, Thailand, Mexico, Bangladesh, Tanzania, and Indonesia, as well as standards for the
private sector (International Fertilizer Association). Tools and resources including a Food Loss and Waste
(FLW) calculator, N2O global database, milk yield methodology, MRV resource webpage, and SECTOR rice
GHG calculator, were developed. Government capacities for Tier 2 MRV of livestock were strengthened for
15–20 countries. Gender research to develop Low Emission Development (LED) recommendations for
Vietnam's agroforestry supply chains and Kenya's informal dairy market was conducted. The CLIFF-GRADS
program accepted 33 students, including a subset focused on FLW. Twenty new measured emissions factors
and 118 reported emissions factors from the CCAFS Compendium were added to SAMPLES' database. Two
significant MRV projects were launched in China. ICRAF led action research on agroforestry MRV,
synthesizing global agroforestry MRV practices and contributing to Vietnam's NDC. FP3 hosted and
contributed to a training for WBCSD members on LED metrics, and organized an activity-data workshop
with country MRV experts, Global Research Alliance (GRA), FAO, Wageningen University and Research
(WUR), and UNFCCC. FP3 collaborated with FP2 on CSA finance, identifying partners and research priorities.
Flagship 4 (FP4) progress:
At least 41 government, NGO, private sector and community-based institutions used FP4 science to better
support farmers’ climatic risk management. Guatemala’s national food security monitoring and early
warning system, delivery of climate services through Rwanda’s agricultural extension service, and a major
agricultural insurance provider increased their responsiveness to women’s needs as a result. CCAFS
contributed to farmers’ access to financial services, e.g. through the agCelerant smallholder value chain
platform which provided more than 50,000 farmers with bundled services, and secured commitments to
support scaling to 17 million farmers in Nigeria and across a 10-country Regional Rice Value Chain Program.
Policy outcomes include the Climate Research for Development (CR4D) Africa strategy; Regional Strategy
for Disaster Risk Management in the Agriculture Sector and Food and Nutrition Security in Latin America
and the Caribbean; Guatemala’s national food security monitoring and early warning system; and national
climate service frameworks in Rwanda and Colombia. In Vietnam, an El Niño early warning advisory was
issued based on climate-risk maps. Resulting adjustments in planting date influenced 600,000 ha (avoiding
200,000 ha of damage). CCAFS engaged major climate services funders and influenced African climate
research investment priorities through CR4D.
1.2.3 Variance from Planned Program for this year
A) Have any promising research areas been significantly expanded?
There has been an increase in focus on climate and related finance. Many agencies are looking to invest in
climate change, but lack the information on where to invest, and the mechanisms for blending private and
public finance are still in their infancy. CCAFS hosted a meeting of investors in London to strategize on the
way forward (investors worth some trillion dollars were present). With growing interest in scaling up low
emissions development by the private sector and financial community, CCAFS has also increased the focus
on business planning in a number of projects. In addition, CCAFS initiated collaboration in 2018 with the
Climate Bond Initiative to develop CSA criteria for agricultural bonds and with the World Bank on their
Transformative Carbon Asset Facility to help design their blueprint for agriculture.
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B) Have any research lines been dropped or significantly cut back?
Lines of research that have been less productive have been reduced. This includes less focus on policy
enactment and a greater focus on policy implementation. For 2019, there will be a moderate reduction in
funding and research effort in CSVs to allow for the expansion of economics and finance-related research
(see A above).
C) Have any Flagships or specific research areas changed direction?
No major changes have occurred. However, in FP1, scenarios work (in relation to climate change and other
drivers) is now more focused on food systems and food nutrition security than on simply agriculture, as was
outlined in the Phase II proposal. In FP3, initial work on emissions factors has now shifted to focus on the
development of MRV systems, with extensive information now available on livestock, rice and agroforestry
MRV. FP4 has expanded its work on gender in several projects, notably on gender-responsive agricultural
climate services.
1.2.4 Altmetric and publication highlights
Publication highlights
In 2018 CCAFS scientists produced 168 peer reviewed articles, of which 93.5% (157) were published in ISI
Journals and 70.1% (119) were confirmed Open Access (access the full list).
The overall number of peer-reviewed articles was the same as in 2017, with the percentage of articles in
ISI journals increasing from 88% in 2017 and the percentage of Open Access articles decreasing slightly
from 73.2% in 2017.
Some of the most downloaded publications included “Food systems for sustainable development:
proposals for a profound four-part transformation” (Caron et al.) with approx. 7900 downloads, and
“Developing climate-smart agriculture to face climate variability in West Africa: Challenges and lessons
learnt” (Partey et al.) with approx. 5200 downloads.
In addition, CCAFS continued to build and maintain several open-access databases, including CCAFS-
Climate, MarkSIM, AgTrials, Analogs, etc. In 2018, 164,235 files were downloaded from CCAFS-Climate (a
21% increase over 2017), which contains down-scaled Global Circulation Models data (39.47 TB data was
downloaded and there were 26,828 total visits, of which 59% were new visitors—all increases over 2017’s
figures). In 2018 CCAFS-Climate was cited in 74 journal articles and an additional 15 publications.
Altmetric highlights
In 2018, 1064 (or 27.3%) of CCAFS’ 3904 publications in CGSpace received social attention. There were six
publications (from all years) with Altmetric scores above 500, double 2017’s number (3), and 26
publications with scores of 101–500. Among the 236 2018 publications with mentions (up 56% from 151
publications 2017), two publications scored over 500.
Social attention for CCAFS publications comes primarily from mentions on Twitter (12936), in news
articles (1241), in blog stories (760), on Facebook (539), and in policy (485).
The top scoring publication of all years, with a score of 2046, was “Options for keeping the food system
within environmental limits” (Clark et al.) in Nature, published October 2018. Twitter drove mentions
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(1580), followed by news media (178). The score is particularly impressive given the recent publication
date.
The second-highest scoring publication of all years, with a score of 1578, was “Planetary boundaries:
Guiding human development on a changing planet” (Richardson et al.) in Science, published in 2015.
“Natural climate solutions” (Shoch et al.) in PNAS, published in 2017, was close behind with a score of
1129 and 1110 mentions on Twitter.
Among the top 20 highest-scoring publications, Nature journals were most common (six publications),
followed by PNAS (three publications), and Science (two publications).
1.3 Cross-cutting dimensions (at CRP level)
1.3.1 Gender
A) List any important CRP research findings
CCAFS gender research included analysis and monitoring of gender outcomes in CSA, toolkits and manuals
to integrate gender and social inclusion in research, and analysis of gender equality in climate services,
climate policy, value chains, and scaling up of CSA.
Manuals on design and priority-setting of climate services, CSA technologies and practices, and dairy value
chains were developed to incorporate the interests and needs of women, e.g.:
• Research in 45 countries showed how ICT-facilitated climate advisories can be better tailored to
meet gender objectives, while gender outcomes of CSA adoption were monitored in nine CSV sites
in eight countries.
• The manual "How to Establish and Manage Seed Banks?" was developed with the women founders
of the Gumbu community seed bank in South Africa.
Research on gender-positive outcomes in CSA and climate services includes:
• Work with women in Niger to restore degraded land resulted in increased empowerment through
improved food security and increased participation in community environmental management.
• Diversification of food production and improved food processing through CSA technologies and
practices improved women's livelihoods in five countries in West Africa.
• A CSA women’s group in Ghana empowered women through sharing information on farming
practices, regular meetings, participation in training, and use of a loans facility. Members increased
their access to community resources for agriculture.
• Agro and climate information can lead to increased sharing of farm decision-making among men
and women when presented in a gender-responsive manner.
• A social equity framework for index insurance is based on experience in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda
and Tanzania. It unpacks the dynamics of social equity and identifies opportunities to benefit
vulnerable members of society.
Research in Tanzania and Uganda finds that while gender is increasingly being mainstreamed into climate
change-related policy, there are resource and knowledge constraints when it comes to implementation.
However, collaboration with policy makers can produce positive results:
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• CCAFS collaboration in Colombia resulted in a mandate to promote the empowerment of rural
women in the “Women, Land and Territory” policy of the province of Cauca.
• The official protocol for the selection of key informants of the Guatemala Secretariat of Food and
Nutritional Security now requires inclusion of women.
• AGN Expert Support (AGNES) members were trained on integrating gender into UNFCCC climate
negotiations.
Examples of research on gender-responsive approaches to scaling:
• Research in 37 countries in Africa and 8 countries in Asia found that ICT can be gender-positive
when it provides different types of information in different formats and platforms. It is also an
effective tool for scaling.
• Research in India found that women’s organizations and farmer field schools can be effective
vehicles for scaling of CSA.
B) What have you learned? What are you doing differently?
Gender findings include recognition that a lack of gender-disaggregated data constrains prioritization and
vulnerability studies. The development of data sets and modelling tools that allow gender-disaggregation
of results is ongoing. More detailed survey instruments have been generated to better understand intra-
household decision making, and methods are being rolled out to more sites to better understand context
specificities, benefits and constraints for women and men.
Research shows that women play less visible roles in agriculture and climate value chains, provide the most
manual labour, and tend not to be included in, or benefit from, mitigation initiatives. Participatory
technology approaches and transformation of gender relations in mitigation measures are being explored
to address this.
CCAFS is building on research on good practices for gender-aware monitoring and evaluation (M&E) by
including questions in data collection to track and evaluate changes in gender inequalities.
Women's empowerment has different dimensions at different levels. An integrated "global" approach is
needed to promote gender equality at household, community, national and global levels in key interlinking
CSA areas of technologies and practices, climate services, financial mechanisms, and policy and institutions.
CCAFS is developing a gender and CSA conceptual framework to coordinate work at different levels in
different areas.
C) Have any problems arisen in relation to gender issues or integrating gender into the CRP’s research?
In some regions gender is simply not prioritised by government actors, making it hard to integrate gender
into policy processes and documents. Implementation is constrained by lack of knowledge and appropriate
budgeting.
Transforming gender relationships in implementing mitigation measures is at a very early stage, and
women's roles are usually limited or less visible.
Women's adoption of CSA technologies and policies is constrained by lack of access to resources and
information for implementation. How to resolve these access constraints is an important aspect of CCAFS
research.
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Declining budgets have reduced the gender expertise available in CCAFS programs.
1.3.2 Youth and other aspects of social inclusion/“Leaving No-one Behind”
Youth experience barriers in participating in farming in the developing world, for reasons of poor economic
returns, lack of access to assets such as land and credit, and low participation in household decision-making.
They tend to engage in climate-induced seasonal migration as a result.
Integration of youth in CSA value chains include certification scheme for cocoa with Rainforest Alliance/UTZ,
including site-specific, climate resilient cocoa training and extension that improve production practices by
smallholder farmers. These materials constitute the core cocoa training curriculum which are mandatory
for public and private extension initiatives in Ghana. agCelerant is an inclusive smallholder value chain
orchestration platform based on phygital agriculture which employed 30 youth as franchised agents in
2018. In Rwanda, training was provided to 73 members of the Rwanda Youth in Agribusiness Forum.
Capacity development efforts include the CLIFF-GRADS fellowships awarded to a record 33 participants
(including to 17 women) on measurement and management of GHG emissions and carbon storage in
agricultural systems. The role of youth as information disseminators in their homes and communities is also
being explored as CSA "Infomediaries" in the Philippines. This program has been scaled out through the
Department of Education to 208 sites, reaching 225,000 students. 109 schools have integrated climate-
smart rice agriculture into their curriculums.
A) List any important CRP research findings
A series of webinars organized by CCAFS with the CSA Youth Network, Climate for Development in Africa
Youth Platform, Interchurch Organization for Development Cooperation, AgriProfocus and the CGIAR
Research Program on Livestock identified several key areas for attracting and supporting youth in CSA:
• Integrating information and communication technologies (ICTs) can be attractive to youth, e.g. the
Zimbabwe Farmer's Union partnership with a local mobile operator to scale-up climate-resilient
solutions like weather-based index insurance, ICT-enabled climate information, and production
advisory services.
• Access to appropriate and inclusive financial services can provide the resources and support they
need to become economically active.
• CSA curricula in schools, mentorship of youth with older farmers, and peer-to-peer exchanges are
all useful strategies for equipping youth with CSA and farming skills.
• Youth are typically under- or unrepresented as a stakeholder group in policy and technical debates
around climate change. Gaming can be a tool to spark dialogue and modify perceptions. A game
focusing on climate tipping points was developed at UNFCCC events in Bonn and Katowice in 2018,
to integrate youth perspectives into global policy. Results showed significant changes to risk
perceptions around climate tipping points among participants.
• Young women face barriers of lack of participation in household decision making and access to
resources, as do young men, but they also face threats to personal security. They experience
employment constraints and have fewer migration options than young men.
• Increasing the education of both young women and men will increase their employment
opportunities and may better equip them for agricultural production in an increasingly
technological age.
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
9
B) What have you learned? What are you doing differently?
Gaming is an area that needs to be explored further for its potential to contribute to social inclusion in
debates and activities around challenging issues.
Analysis of the influence of Mali’s Agrometeorological Advisory Program on farm-level decision making
found that gender and age/seniority as well as assets ownership explain patterns of climate service use.
Research with youth in East Africa found that training youth in CSA and agricultural production increases
their participation in farm decision making.
In 2018, CCAFS started integrating disaggregation by age in its M&E, including baseline surveys.
C) Have any problems arisen in relation to youth issues or integrating youth into the CRP’s research?
There has been difficulty in identifying researchers who have expertise in youth, agriculture and climate
change. Low research capacity exists in centres to accommodate youth in research approaches, and projects
are still not fully addressing youth as part of the problem identification.
1.3.3 Capacity Development
In 2018, over 700,000 participants benefited from CCAFS capacity development activities. The huge increase
from previous years comes from efforts by Rainforest Alliance and the Ghanaian cocoa sector to capacitate
farmers and extension agents in CSA practices. In addition, in Rwanda, 881 intermediary professionals were
trained on Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture, in turn training over 54,000 farmers to understand
and act on climate information.
Efforts also focused on UNFCCC negotiations, National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and NDCs. In particular,
CCAFS trained the AGN members in West Africa on gender mainstreaming in UNFCCC negotiations, and
worked with several countries in Southeast Asia on resilience building to support NAPs and NDC processes.
In East and West Africa, CCAFS provided training materials for NDCs. About 20 countries improved their
knowledge of Tier 2 methods for estimating livestock emissions, which can significantly contribute to MRV
for NDC processes. CCAFS also worked closely with the members of the Cambodian Senate and the
Parliamentary Institute of Cambodia to provide knowledge and capacity on climate change, climate politics
and climate negotiations.
CCAFS also targeted young people, and in partnership with GRA and USAID, a record 33 CLIFF-GRADS
fellowships were awarded to PhD students from developing countries, including 17 women. An additional
nine (five women) CLIFF-GRADS recipients received awards to conduct research in 2018.
The private sector was also targeted. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
and CCAFS convened a workshop, with key players including Ben and Jerry's, Cabot, Levi Strauss, Mars,
McDonald's, Microsoft, Monsanto, PepsiCo, Quantis, Syngenta, VF Corp, Yara, Ceres, and the IFC. The
workshop provided training on CSA metrics to track companies' progress and outcomes for building climate
resilience in agriculture. CCAFS also worked with the Council of Smallholder Agricultural Finance members
to incorporate climate and deforestation risk in loan due diligence processes.
1.3.4 Climate Change
Category not relevant to CCAFS - the entire program is climate change.
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
10
2. Effectiveness and Efficiency
2.1 Management and governance
There were no changes in management or governance arrangements in 2018, apart from the decision to
invite a Director General (DG) from a Center other than the lead Center to each Independent Steering
Committee (ISC) meeting as an observer (selection based on ISC meeting location). In 2018 CIMMYT’s DG
was invited.
In 2018 key decisions about the future portfolio of projects (for the last three years of Phase II) were made.
This involved detailed analysis of past performance of all aspects of CCAFS (e.g. thematic leadership, project
performance, gender incorporation) and a series of strategy and stakeholder meetings, including dialogue
with the ISC. While this was challenging, the process was successful in shaping the new portfolio.
2.2 Partnerships
2.2.1. Highlights of External Partnerships
Partnerships continued to underpin CCAFS efforts, and helped achieve a number of outcomes in 2018. A
key highlight was the emphasis on private sector engagement and resulting outcomes. The partnership with
Rainforest Alliance resulted in a greater emphasis on CSA in the forthcoming version of the Rainforest
Alliance Standard, as well as the use of CCAFS science in new Rainforest Alliance projects in Honduras,
Indonesia and Ivory Coast. Engaging the investment community was also a highlight, with Root Capital using
CCAFS science to evaluate over 250 loans for coffee, cocoa and other sectors. CCAFS also continued to lead
in shaping the private sector's thinking around metrics for CSA, in partnership with WBCSD, and a capacity
building workshop was organized for major agribusinesses. Taking cognizance of the need for action on the
demand side, CCAFS worked with Ceres to inform the position of investors controlling US$ 6.5 trillion, who
have demanded fast food companies reduce emissions from their supply chains. The private sector was also
actively engaged in scaling out AWD in Bangladesh and Thailand, and in provision of climate and market
advisories in Ghana.
In addition to the private sector, CCAFS also built strong partnerships with other key players, notably
multilateral financial institutions, and innovative partnership arrangements including staff secondments.
The provision of evidence through these partnerships has led to CCAFS informing key investments of the
World Bank, AfDB, and IFAD. These efforts at the global and regional levels were complemented by strong
partnerships on the ground, for participatory testing of technologies and practices. This included scaling out
via partners (local development agencies, NGOs), national agricultural research agencies and local
universities. Use of CCAFS tools by a number of partners in project/program design and implementation
was another highlight.
2.2.2. Cross-CGIAR Partnerships
In 2017, CCAFS established six Learning Platforms (LPs) to link climate change efforts of Centers/CRPs, and
in 2018, these LPs continued to play a key role in facilitating cross-CGIAR partnerships. As part of the LP on
"ex-ante evaluation and decision support for climate-smart options", funds were secured for a workshop to
promote networking and collaboration among CRPs/Centers. The LP on “participatory evaluation of CSA
technologies and practices in Climate-Smart Villages (CSVs)” developed the Smart Data Collection App and
implemented a series of trainings on the CSV multilevel monitoring framework. The trainings covered ca.
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
11
50 staff, including CSV coordinators, implementing partners, enumerators and supervisors from 10
countries across Latin America, East Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia. Implementation followed in eight
sites covering 1,391 households and 2,337 farmers (51% women). The LP on “identifying priorities and
options for low-emissions development” organized a webinar on reducing FLW as a climate change
mitigation strategy and developed guidance for multilateral development banks on decision support for
agricultural soil carbon sequestration. The LP on “weather-related agricultural insurance” also achieved
progress in fostering a CGIAR insurance community of practice through the launch of a webinar series, and
raising visibility through activities surrounding the 2018 Microinsurance Conference (Lusaka), and COP24
(Katowice). The "Gender, Agriculture and Climate Change" LP was presented at the 2018 Gender Platform
Annual Scientific Meeting, and updated to include sections on gender and climate-smart crop production
systems, gender and livestock production, and tools and frameworks for integrating gender into CSA. The
LP on “partnerships and capacity for scaling CSA” worked across Centers/CRPs to provide common impact
pathways for CGIAR climate change research, notably at COP24 where efforts of multiple CGIAR and non-
CGIAR partners were brought together under the umbrella of the “Agriculture Advantage 2.0: Transforming
food systems under a changing climate” event series.
2.3 Intellectual Assets
Have any intellectual assets been strategically managed by the CRP (together with the relevant Center) this
year?
While CCAFS does not have patents or PVPs, the program takes the following actions to maximize the
accessibility and impact of its intellectual property (IP): 1) follows up on partners' compliance with
agreements and contracts thus ensuring that all agreements and contracts, including confidentiality, comply
with IP principles; 2) maintains a regularly updated IP portfolio which, in CCAFS' case, includes lists of
publications and databases; 3) ensures that partners adhere to prior informed consent principles; and 4)
ensures that information subject to confidentiality obligations from CCAFS is appropriately managed.
Indicate any published patents and/or plant variety right applications (or equivalent)
Not applicable.
List any critical issues or challenges encountered in the management of intellectual assets in the context of
the CRP
No major challenges experienced.
2.4 Monitoring, Evaluation, Impact Assessment and Learning (MELIA)
One major evaluation in 2018 was a review of CCAFS conducted by the EU and IFAD, looking at progress in
East and West Africa. The review was very positive, with recommendations for greater focus on social
inclusion and M&E. Other highlights include evaluations of PICSA: making weather and climate data
available to 140,000 farmers in several countries around the world. Several adoption studies of different
CSA interventions were undertaken in East Africa, Southeast Asia and South Asia, and the first results were
obtained from midline surveys and CSV monitoring activities, which are being expanded in 2019. An epIA
on climate information services delivery in Senegal is ongoing. Under collaboration with the CGIAR System
Office, CCAFS delivered a CGIAR Results Dashboard prototype (data from 2017 annual reports captured
online in MARLO from six pilot CRPs). The CCAFS MELIA team has supported the programming of the
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
12
management information system (MIS) now used by nine CRPs and two Platforms. In 2018 the work
centered on adjustments to requirements for planning and reporting.
2.5 Efficiency
CCAFS worked with all Centers and CRPs to plan for a greater degree of collaboration across the CGIAR
through the "CGIAR Two Degree Initiative" that will involve climate-related research for development in
multiple Centers/CRPs, with a focus on six Grand Challenges. CCAFS also funded five networking meetings,
with the goal of fostering greater collaboration around strategic topics. For example, one was a cross-CRP
Conference on Scaling, which brought together 34 research, development, farmer, policy and finance
organizations, to exchange perspectives and experiences on scaling (see key messages: “The why, what,
who and how of scaling agricultural innovations”). The conference was followed by a Scaling Workshop, in
which 25 researchers from nine CGIAR Centers discussed what would be needed institutionally to better
accommodate scaling. Other networking meetings to improve synergies covered weather-related
agricultural insurance; the Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS); learning and action for
gender-transformative CSA; and climate-informed breeding strategies.
As part of the LP on "Participatory evaluation of CSA practices and portfolios in CSVs", a pluri-disciplinary
CCAFS team tailored the Smart Data Collection App to measure the efficacy of emerging CGIAR agricultural
practices and technologies using a climate lens. A series of regional and local training sessions on the CSV
multilevel monitoring framework were implemented with 50 staff from multiple Centers from 10 countries
across Latin America, East Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia. Implementation followed in eight sites
covering 1,391 households and 2,337 farmers (51% women). More sites are to be monitored in 2019.
2.6 Management of Risks to Your CRP
CCAFS maintains a risk catalogue that is discussed at the Independent Steering Committee meeting. In 2018
the following were included in the discussion:
Programmatic risks
The major risk that CCAFS faced in 2018 continued to be related to funding levels. With the declines in
W1/W2 funds in the past and the uncertain amount of W3/Bilateral it was unclear if funding targets would
be achieved. One mitigation measure employed was to increase the level of contingency funds.
Climate change continues to be very high on the global agenda, so CCAFS staff are highly sought out for
engagement and partnership. When combined with reduced funding this can lead to stress and burn-out.
The key mitigation strategy is to ensure strategic focus and not be spread too thinly over topics/countries.
Contextual risk
With some governments still in denial about climate change, there is a risk to future funding. However, such
trends in government are likely to be mitigated by rising public activism.
Institutional risks
The risk "Weak commitment and/or capacity of CGIAR Centers to deliver a cohesive body of CGIAR climate
change science given the incorporation of climate change issues in all CRPs" has continued to be on CCAFS’
management agenda. CCAFS has positioned CGIAR as a go-to place for climate change issues in developing
country agriculture. The position of CGIAR could be weakened in the climate change world if it is seen as a
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
13
collection of unconnected parts. CCAFS has implemented various measures to ensure it is integrative (e.g.
see 2.5).
2.7 Use of W1/W2 Funding
W1/W2 funds were planned to fund the core elements of the CCAFS strategy, as described in the POWB
and Phase II proposal. We would argue that all CCAFS achievements are due to W1/W2 funds as we only
use W3/Bilateral funds to support the overall strategy of CCAFS. W3/Bilateral projects are only accepted if
aligned with the strategy, and usually contribute to specific case studies in particular countries. W1/W2
funds were relatively equally allocated to the different CCAFS Regional Programs (Latin America, East Africa,
West Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia) to build project portfolios across all Flagships. W1/W2 funds
were allocated to Flagships as follows (including 2017 carryover):
Flagship 1: Priorities and Policies for CSA 22%
Flagship 2: Climate-Smart Technologies and Practices 31%
Flagship 3: Low Emissions Development 26%
Flagship 4: Climate Services and Safety Nets 21%
3. Financial Summary
A total of 22 direct Program Participants, 15 CGIAR Centers, 5 universities and 2 non-CGIAR NGOs
contributed to the 2018 scenario, in which a total of US$ 51.4 million was spent between W1/W2 funds
(18.3 million) and W3/Bilateral funds (33.1 million), one of the best years for CCAFS in terms of the
W3/Bilateral proportion over W1/W2 funds (1.8x).
The W1/W2 budget figures shown in this report comprise the 2017 carryover (3.438 million) and the 2018
allocation (18.245 million). The W3/Bilateral budget amounts come from the POWB.
The overall execution of W1/W2 funds reached 85%. The difference unspent is already committed for the
finalization of 2018 activities and to complement the new 2019 portfolio. W3/Bilateral expenses reached
97% of the expected contributions by Program Participants. The W1/W2 carryover for year 2018 (3.360
million) is distributed among Flagships and CRP management support costs as follows: 19% FP1, 28% FP2,
19% FP3, 30% FP4 and 4% CRP Management Team.
In terms of Flagships, W1/W2 expenses are split as follows: 22% FP1, 31% FP2, 27% FP3 and 20% FP4. CRP
management support costs via W1/W2 funds reached 10% of the total W1/W2 CRP expenditures. From the
total W3/Bilateral reported expenditures, the contribution per Flagship was: 22% FP1, 41% FP2, 24% FP3
and 14% FP4.
W2 donor contributions (13.883 million) reached 76% of the total W1/W2 income of year 2018 (18.245
million), the highest proportion over W1 funds in CCAFS since Phase I. The W2 contributions per donor are
composed as follows: 39% UK, 35% The Netherlands, 11% Switzerland, 8% Australia, 6% Ireland and 1%
Thailand. With these funds, 90% of the 2018 Program Participants' W1/W2 budgets were covered within
year 2018 and the 10% difference disbursed during the annual closure.
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
14
Part B. TABLES
Table 1: Condensed list of policy contributions in this reporting year
Name and description of
policy, legal instrument,
investment or curriculum to
which CGIAR contributed (20-
50 words, ideally around 30
words)
Level of
Maturity
Link to sub-IDOs
(max. 2)
CGIAR cross-cutting marker score Link to OICR (obligatory if Level of Maturity is
2 or 3) or link to evidence (e.g. PDF
generated from MIS) Gender Youth Capacity
Develop-
ment
Climate
Change
41 - Local Technical
Agroclimatic Committees as
an implementing tool of the
Regional Strategy for
Disaster Risk Management in
the Agriculture Sector and
Food and Nutrition Security
in Latin America and the
Caribbean (2018–2030)
Level 1 • Enabled
environment for
climate resilience
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR2571
OICR121
42 - Mbale District (Uganda)
counterfeit agricultural
inputs (prohibition)
ordinance, 2018. Passed to
stem the influx of fake
agricultural inputs which was
discouraging farmer use and
reducing trust in the market
Level 2 • Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR81
47 - Implementation
guidelines approved in Benin
and Madagascar to
Level 2 • Increased
conservation and
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
2 -
Principal
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR2573
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
15
operationalize laws adopted
in 2017 governing access and
benefit sharing of plant
genetic resources. National
partners in the two countries
developed guidelines for the
day-to-day operation of
these laws, including details
about processes, decision
making, relationships
between agencies with
different, but related,
responsibilities under the
laws
use of genetic
resources
48 - Two community
biocultural protocols aimed
at promoting farmers as
managers, providers and
recipients of genetic
materials and developing
expertise for climate change
adaptation approved by
municipal governments in
Benin
Level 2 • Increased
conservation and
use of genetic
resources
2 -
Principal
objective
0 - Not
targeted
2 -
Principal
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR2574
49 - Kenya Climate Smart
Agriculture Implementation
Framework (2018–2027)
Level 2 • Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
• Enabled
environment for
climate resilience
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
? - Too
early to
tell
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR2122
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
16
54 - National Council on
Food Security approves a
community-based food
security monitoring and early
warning system developed
using CCAFS science
Level 2 • Enhanced
capacity to deal
with climatic risks
and extremes
(mitigation and
adaptation
achieved)
1 -
Significant
objective
0 - Not
targeted
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR151
64 - Guideline for
mainstreaming climate
change adaptation and
mitigation in national and
sub-national agricultural
sector policies and plans in
Uganda
Level 2 • Enhanced
capacity to deal
with climactic risks
and extremes
(mitigation and
adaptation
achieved)
• Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
2 -
Principal
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR81
73 - Investment by two
Nepalese states in the "Chief
Minister's Climate Smart
Agriculture Village Model
Program
Level 2 • Increased
resilience of agro-
ecosystems and
communities,
especially those
including
smallholders
• Closed yield gaps
through improved
agronomic and
animal husbandry
practice
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR181
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
17
74 - Supporting Directives
and Circulars of the Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural
Development of Vietnam
and the Department Crop
Production for
implementation of Climate-
Related Risk Maps and
Adaptation Plans (CS-MAP)
particularly the adjustment
of planting dates
Level 2 • Conducive
environment for
managing shocks
and vulnerability,
as evidenced in
rapid response
mechanisms
• Enabled
environment for
climate resilience
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR2600
75 - World Bank agricultural
investments for improved
climate change resilience in
the ag sector and reduced
contributions to GHG
emissions rise from 28%
(2016) to 45% (2018) of
committed budgets of new
agriculture projects
Level 2 • Enabled
environment for
climate resilience
• Reduced net
greenhouse gas
emissions from
AFOLU (mitigation
and adaptation
achieved)
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR2154
OICR581
76 Integration of Climate
Smart Agriculture (CSA)
competencies by the
Philippine Department of
Education in the curricula of
75 schools nationwide that
now serve as CSA
information hubs among the
278 technical and vocational
(TechVoc) secondary schools
Level 2 • Enhanced
capacity to deal
with climactic risks
and extremes
(mitigation and
adaptation
achieved)
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR631
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
18
77 - Extension policy of Olam
Uganda: Olam Uganda, a
private company working
with coffee farmers, has
incorporated 'Stepwise', an
approach to climate change,
into its farmer training
Level 1 • Enhanced
capacity to deal
with climactic risks
and extremes
(mitigation and
adaptation
achieved)
• Enhanced
adaptive capacity
to climate risks
(more sustainably
managed agro-
ecosystems)
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR2602
88 - Comprehensive
Development Plan (2016–
2022) of the Municipality of
Ivisan, Capiz Province,
Philippines includes CSA
program with uptake of CSA
practices as success indicator
of climate resilience
Level 2 • Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR2638
89 - CCAFS' Climate
Resilience and Vulnerability
Assessment (CRVA) maps
were used as referenced in
developing the National
Color-Coded Agricultural
Guide in the Philippines
Level 2 • Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR2617
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
19
91 - Agriculture and Fisheries
Modernization Plan 2018–
2022 integrates CCAFS'
Climate Resilience and
Vulnerability Assessment as
one of its planning tools
Level 2 • Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
• Enhanced
capacity to deal
with climatic risks
and extremes
(mitigation and
adaptation
achieved)
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR2619
94 - Vision 2045 for
agriculture sector in Bhutan -
strategic planning to achieve
food self-sufficiency,
livelihood security, and
environmental conservation
Level 1 • Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
• Improved
forecasting of
impacts of climate
change and
targeted
technology
development
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR2610
95 - Mbale District (Uganda)
coffee (management) bill,
2018
Level 2 • Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
• Enabled
environment for
climate resilience
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR81
96 - Inputs on land
productivity for the long-
term Green Growth Policy of
Colombia
Level 2 • Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR2628
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
20
• Enabled
environment for
climate resilience
100 - CCAFS and PIM science
referenced in formulating
the national and sectoral
Philippine Medium Term
Development Plan 2017–
2022
Level 2 • Enhanced
capacity to deal
with climatic risks
and extremes
(mitigation and
adaptation
achieved)
• Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR2596
OICR2619
102 - National extension
training materials/
curriculum developed for
cocoa in Ghana. These
materials form the obligatory
base for all public and
private extension materials
for cocoa in the country
Level 2 • Enabled
environment for
climate resilience
• Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
0 - Not
targeted
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR2161
104 - Implementing the
resolution of 9th Congress of
the Farmers Association of
Ha Tinh province, Vietnam
that integrates climate-smart
agriculture as part of the
2018–2023 provincial
strategy
Level 2 • Increased
livelihood
opportunities
• Enhanced
adaptive capacity
for climate risks
(more sustainably
managed agro-
ecosystems)
1 -
Significant
objective
? - Too
early to
tell
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR2640
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
21
105 - Local government of
Guinayangan, Quezon
Province, Philippines
emphasized climate-smart
agriculture in its 2017–2022
Comprehensive
Development Plan &
Municipal Agriculture Office
Banner Programs, following
the participatory
development of
Guinayangan Climate Smart
Village
Level 2 • Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
• Enabled
environment for
climate resilience
1 -
Significant
objective
0 - Not
targeted
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR2101
OICR201
OICR2109
OICR2638
111 - Rainforest Alliance
Sustainable Agriculture
Standard used as a basis for
the development of
Rainforest Alliance crop-
specific certifications
Level 1 • Enabled
environment for
climate resilience
• Increased
capacity for
innovation in
partner
development
organizations and
in poor and
vulnerable
communities
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR561
112 - Sustainable livestock
policy of Colombia's national
livestock producer
organization (FEDEGAN)
included information on
improved pasture nutrition
Level 1 • Reduced net
greenhouse gas
emissions from
AFOLU (more
sustainably
managed agro-
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR2007
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
22
and methane emissions,
which is informing livestock
options in the development
of the Government of
Colombia's Nationally
Appropriate Mitigation
Action policy
ecosystems)
• Reduced net
greenhouse gas
emissions from
AFOLU (mitigation
and adaptation
achieved)
116 - Impact investor Root
Capital introduced CCAFS
data on climate change risk
into its process for
underwriting and prioritizing
> $146M of loans to
producer organizations in
cocoa, coffee, etc. and
promoted uptake by
numerous peer agencies in
the Council on Smallholder
Agricultural Finance (CSAF)
community
Level 2 • Increased
capacity for
innovation in
partner
development
organizations and
in poor and
vulnerable
communities
• Increased
livelihood
opportunities
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR571
OICR2162
139 - Climate Research for
Development (CR4D) Africa
2018–2022 Strategic Plan:
CR4D is an African-led
initiative that aims to
strengthen links between
climate science research and
climate information needs in
support development
planning across Africa
Level 2 • Enabled
environment for
climate resilience
• Increased
capacity for
innovations in
partner research
organizations
0 - Not
targeted
0 - Not
targeted
1 -
Significant
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR21
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
23
158 - The Cauca Department
Secretariat of Women,
Colombia, has updated its
Rural Women Policy to
include climate change and
variability and the role of
women in addressing climate
and environmental
challenges
Level 2 • Conducive
agricultural policy
environment
• Enabled
environment for
climate resilience
2 -
Principal
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR2681
160 - Gender and social
inclusion incorporated into
the Kenya Dairy Board
Strategic Plan
Level 1 • Gender-
equitable control
of productive
assets and
resources
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
0 - Not
targeted
The CCAFS project has supported Kenya
Dairy Board in a scoping study for the
development of their gender strategy. The
study focused on strategies, methodologies,
good practices and lessons learned in
addressing gender and social inclusion in
the dairy sector. As part of this scoping
study, numerous discussions with KDB staff
(including management) were held on
gender and social inclusion in the dairy
sector (including youth). Kenya Dairy Board
decided to include gender and social
inclusion as crosscutting issue in their
corporate strategic plan.
The project continues to support Kenya
Dairy Board in the development of their
gender strategy. The strategy will be
finalized in 2019.
161 - Kenya Climate-Smart
Agriculture Project (KCSAP)
monitoring and evaluation
Level 1 • Reduced net
greenhouse gas
emissions from
? - Too
early to
tell
? - Too
early to
tell
1 -
Significant
objective
1 -
Significant
objective
OICR2648
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
24
manual incorporates CGIAR
methods for GHG emissions
agriculture, forests
and other forms of
land-use (more
sustainably
managed agro-
ecosystems)
182 - Investment in climate-
smart livestock in East Africa
by German government
Level 2 • Enhanced
adaptive capacity
to climate risks
(more sustainably
managed agro-
ecosystems)
• Reduced net
greenhouse gas
emissions from
agriculture, forests
and other forms of
land-use (more
sustainably
managed agro-
ecosystems)
1 -
Significant
objective
0 - Not
targeted
2 -
Principal
objective
2 -
Principal
objective
OICR2708
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
25
Table 2: List of Outcome/ Impact Case Reports from this reporting year
Title of Outcome/ Impact Case Report (OICR) Maturity level Status
OICR121 - Implementation of novel agro-climatic services help more than 500,000 farmers
in Colombia, Honduras, Guatemala and Nicaragua better plan their crops
Level 2 Updated Outcome/Impact case at new level of maturity
OICR181 - Investment by two Nepalese states in the 'Chief Minister's Climate Smart
Agriculture Village Model Program'
Level 2 New Outcome/Impact case
OICR571 - Root Capital uses CCAFS data to evaluate 251 loans including 199 for coffee
worth 146 million USD
Level 1 New Outcome/Impact case
OICR581 - World Bank agricultural investments for improved climate change resilience in
the ag sector and reduced contributions to GHG emissions rise from 28% (2016) to 45%
(2018) of committed budgets of new agriculture projects
Level 2 Updated Outcome/Impact case at same level of
maturity
OICR591 - Sustainable livestock policy of Colombia's national livestock producer
organization (FEDEGAN) included information on improved pasture nutrition and methane
emissions, which is informing livestock options in the development of the Government of
Colombia's Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action policy
Level 1 Updated Outcome/Impact case at same level of
maturity
OICR2144 - Delivery of climate services through Rwanda’s national agricultural extension
service extended to 106,000 farmers, and deepened through climate service Radio
Listening Clubs
Level 2 Updated Outcome/Impact case at same level of
maturity
OICR2161 - Ghana's COCBOD incorporates CGIAR science into training materials for climate
resilient cocoa production (targeting a potential 800,000 farmers)
Level 1 Updated Outcome/Impact case at same level of
maturity
OICR2585 - 15 million Euro invested for mitigation action in Thailand's rice sector Level 1 Updated Outcome/Impact case at new level of maturity
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
26
OICR2600 - 600,000 hectares of rice planted earlier in Vietnam to avoid risk to salinity
intrusion brought by the 2019 El Nino
Level 2 Updated Outcome/Impact case at new level of maturity
OICR2628 - Inputs on Land Productivity for the Long-Term Green Growth Policy of
Colombia
Level 2 New Outcome/Impact case
OICR2651 - CGIAR Climate change West Africa Program informs the adoption of a public-
private partnership business model for climate information services in Ghana
Level 1 New Outcome/Impact case
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
27
Table 3: Condensed list of innovations by stage for this reporting year
Title of innovation with link Innovation Type Stage of innovation Geographic scope (with location)
245 - Global community seedbanks platform Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept
(PC - end of research phase)
Global
246 - New method for GHG measurements with closed
chambers at night time
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept
(PC - end of research phase)
Global
250 - Food security and drought monitoring and early
warning tool considering local vulnerabilities
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 4: uptake by next user (USE) National, Guatemala
261 - Innovation platforms for Climate Smart Agriculture
in Honduras
Social Science Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept
(PC - end of research phase)
National, Honduras
272 - Decision-making tool for national implementation of
the Plant Treaty’s multilateral system of access and
benefit-sharing
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 3: available/ready for uptake
(AV)
Global
274 - Using roof-top rainwater harvesting system (RWHS)
to irrigate home-based vegetable gardens in Laos
Production systems and
Management practices
Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept
(PC - end of research phase)
National, Lao PDR
275 - Climate-Related Risk Maps and Adaptation Plans
(Climate Smart MAP) for Rice Production in Vietnam’s
Mekong River Delta
Production systems and
Management practices
Stage 4: uptake by next user (USE) National, Vietnam
286 - Validation of RUMINANT model of enteric methane
emissions
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 3: available/ready for uptake
(AV)
National, Colombia
289 - Local Technical Agroclimatic Committees (LTACs)
approach generating climate forecasts and crop response
Social Science Stage 4: uptake by next user (USE) Regional, Latin America and the
Caribbean
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
28
298 - Tool to integrate and measure gender equality in
monitoring and evaluation of climate services
Social Science Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept
(PC - end of research phase)
Global
299 - Climate Smart Agriculture investment plans Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 3: available/ready for uptake
(AV)
Global
310 - Estimating minimum nutrient (N,P,K) requirements
for climate-smart intensification of maize cropping
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 4: uptake by next user (USE) Regional, Sub-Saharan Africa
311 - Framework of analysis of country-level mitigation
potential from agricultural sector
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept
(PC - end of research phase)
Global
330 - Stakeholders Prioritization Framework of Climate-
Smart Agriculture Interventions
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - end
of piloting phase)
Sub-national, India
338 - The CCAFS Regional Agricultural Forecasting Tool
(CRAFT) will help bring powerful advance information
tools to farmers and agricultural decision makers, better
allowing them to manage within-season climate risk to
agriculture
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 3: available/ready for uptake
(AV)
Global
340 - Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV)
Platform for Agriculture
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 3: available/ready for uptake
(AV)
Global
360 - Pronosticos AClimateColombia: A system for the
sustainable provision of agro-climatic information for
agricultural adaptation in Colombia
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 4: uptake by next user (USE) National, Colombia
417 - Participatory Integrated Climate Services for
Agriculture (PICSA)
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 4: uptake by next user (USE) Regional, South Asia, Latin
America and the Caribbean,
Sub-Saharan Africa
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
29
419 - Information and Communications Technology (ICT)-
based App—“YeZaRe”—for disseminating climate and
market information to smallholder farmers developed and
is being tested in northern and southern Ethiopian
highlands through a public-private partnership
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - end
of piloting phase)
National, Ethiopia
422 - Adoption and testing of the Gold Standard
Smallholder Dairy Methodology
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - end
of piloting phase)
National, Kenya
428 - Qualitative methodological approach to better
understand the socioeconomic factors that influence
adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural options in
smallholder farming communities.
Social Science Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - end
of piloting phase)
Global
429 - Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) monitoring
framework to track adoption, outcomes, synergies and
tradeoffs at household and farm level
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 3: available/ ready for uptake
(AV)
Global
439 - Investment pathways (Stepwise approach) tailored
to specific farmer segments for improving resilience and
smart agriculture practices
Production systems and
Management practices
Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - end
of piloting phase)
National, Uganda
440 - Developing, testing and making available an
integrated climate and agro-climate advisory to enhance
adaptive capacity and sustainable agricultural productivity
in Ethiopia
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept
(PC - end of research phase)
Regional, East Africa
484 - Analytical approach for predicting potential areas of
agroforestry expansion
Biophysical Research Stage 3: available/ ready for uptake
(AV)
National, Vietnam
507 - Feeding cassava leaves to livestock for reducing
methane emissions
Production systems and
Management practices
Stage 1: discovery/proof of concept
(PC - end of research phase)
National, Colombia
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
30
522 - Course for Cambodian parliament on climate politics Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 4: uptake by next user (USE) National, Cambodia
523 - Social learning approaches in Climate Smart Villages
(CSV) development and scaling
Social Science Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - end
of piloting phase)
Regional, Southeast Asia
528 - Climate tipping point game for Conference of the
Parties (COP) delegates
Research and Communication
Methodologies and Tools
Stage 2: successful piloting (PIL - end
of piloting phase)
Global
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
31
Table 4: Summary of status of Planned Outcomes and Milestones
FP Outcomes 2022 Summary narrative on progress against
each FP outcome this year
Milestone 2018
milestones
status
Provide evidence for completed milestones (refer
back to means of verification, and link to evidence
wherever possible) or explanation for extended,
cancelled or changed
FP1
FP1 Outcome: # of
policy decisions
taken (in part) based
on engagement and
information
dissemination by
CCAFS
Activities undertaken on development
and dissemination of training
materials on resilience building in
several countries of Southeast Asia,
supporting National Adaptation Plans
and Nationally-Determined
Contributions (NDCs); training
materials and regional workshops on
NDCs in West and East Africa; training
the African Group of Negotiators on
gender mainstreaming in United
Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change negotiations, in West
Africa; climate-smart agriculture
planning and investment in coastal
Asia; long-term capacity development
of the Senate of Cambodia on climate
change and national commitments;
training material developed and used
for scenario-based strategic planning
in several Central American countries.
All this helps empower partners to
mainstream issues around climate
change, national commitments and
gender into national decision-making
processes.
2018 - Training materials
are developed and
workshops held to
strengthen
national/state capacities
for scenario-based
strategic planning, as
well as targeted
materials for other
partner organizations
(e.g. NGOs) developed
(linked to CoA 1.2)
Complete NDC trainings:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/100095
NDC materials:
https://www.slideshare.net/cgiarclimate/training-
workshop-on-implementing-nationally-
determined-contributions-ndc-commitments-in-
agriculture
Scenarios material, Central America:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/99825
Cambodia:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/38ob3nmsgrrhir8/Blo
g%201_climate%20diplomacy%20training_draft%2
01.docx?dl=0
Southeast Asian Parliamentary staff conducts
climate change-related studies:
https://ccafs.cgiar.org/news/southeast-asian-
parliamentary-staff-conducts-climate-change-
related-studies
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
32
FP1 Outcome: # of
organizations and
institutions in
selected
countries/states
adapting plans and
directing investment
to optimize
consumption of
diverse nutrient-rich
foods, with all plans
and investments
examined for their
gender implications
Activities towards this outcome
include participatory scenarios-based
policy guidance work in all CCAFS
target regions that has resulted in
major policy outcomes. This work is
being developed through a greater
emphasis on food systems and food
and nutrition security, as well as using
foresight as a mechanism for inclusion
of gender and youth issues and
stakeholders, in Bangladesh and
Ethiopia. The IMPACT model extended
and applied to address livestock, fish
and nutrition. Such tools have an
important role to play in bridging the
science-policy divide and in helping to
evaluate the possible effects of
different actions on different
stakeholders.
2018 - State of the art
multi-level scenarios
methodology is tested by
downscaling scenarios to
national/state levels and
including food and
nutrition security
modelling outputs; tools
are developed for
different audiences
Complete IMPACT livestock data, code:
http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/kmcfws92mf.2
Human health and nutrition and red meat:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204139
Food security and climate change policy:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0230-x
Can Ethiopia feed itself by 2050?:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/99019
Keeping human diets within environmental limits:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0594-0
2018 - Combined climate
and food and nutrition
security scenarios are
developed and being
used for multilevel policy
development in selected
countries/states, with
the process started in
one country to effect
relevant policy change
that takes into account
gender dimensions with
appropriate MEL systems
on policy effectiveness in
place
Extended Activities are still under way towards this milestone
(including in Ethiopia, Bangladesh).
One output for Bangladesh:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/z1ixi1gf63je9bq/A4N
H_Dhaka_Moghayer_v2%20JV.pptx?dl=0
FP1 Outcome: # of
countries/states
where CCAFS
CCAFS made priority-setting
contributions in more than six
countries. Models were applied to
2018 - Global and
regional models are
applied in two particular
Complete Bhutan: http://tiny.cc/d4uqaz
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
33
priority setting used
to target and
implement
interventions to
improve food and
nutrition security
under a changing
climate
help develop the strategic vision
document for Bhutan's agricultural
sector and investment plans for states
in Nepal and India. World Bank-led
climate-smart investment plans
developed for Mali and Cote d'Ivoire
with CGIAR science input. CCAFS
contributed to Colombia's Green
Growth Policy, and supported the
Central American Agricultural
Council’s (CAC) Executive Secretariat
in guiding implementation of their
CSA Strategy; the Colombian
Agriculture Institute (ICA), FAO and
the Economic Commission for Latin
American and the Caribbean aligned
their medium-term plans to support
its implementation. Household gender
methodology was implemented in one
country and is being expanded to
more countries, working with IFAD to
test a framework evaluating gender
and nutrition issues in agricultural
transformation.
countries facilitating
cross-level analyses and
used to analyze
relationships with other
sectors; this includes
integrating other
datasets from household
or other levels; joint
cross-CRP analysis on
specific agri-food
systems topics are
initiated
India: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-
0279.2018.00028.9
India:
https://www.springer.com/gp/book/97898110817
05 (DOI:10.1007/978-981-10-8171-2)
India:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.04.008
2018 - Country level
recommendations for
policy alternatives are
being developed that
identify robust climate
smart strategies, while
taking priority setting
and trade-off analyses
into account
Complete Description of prioritized technologies, institutional
framework, and impact on green growth indicators
at the national level: https://goo.gl/sjFstu
Technical and policy recommendations to the
Green Growth Mission in Colombia:
https://goo.gl/CmXbEb
Climate change and nutrition in the Philippines:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/100094
Agriculture and climate change in the Philippines:
http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738c
oll5/id/6518
FP1 Outcome: # of
national/state
organizations and
institutions adapting
their plans and
directing investment
Strong engagement to position gender
and CSA in national (Guatemala,
Honduras) and regional (CAC) agendas
in Central America. Support to Africa
Group of Negotiators submissions to
the UNFCCC on Gender. South Africa's
2018 - Gender and social
inclusion focused
components in CSA
priority setting
developed and tested;
improved modules
Complete Green Growth Policy, Colombia:
https://goo.gl/DH12yV
Kenya, AGN:
https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/SubmissionsStaging/
Documents/201805051255---
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
34
to increase women's
access to, and
control over,
productive assets
and resources
Department of Agriculture supporting
creation of community seed banks,
promoting the role of women in their
governance. Gender mainstreaming in
CC policy work Uganda and Ethiopia.
Innovative gaming work undertaken
with COP participants and youth.
Understanding current constraints to
gender inclusion in policy formulation
and implementation is a key
contribution to achieving the
outcome.
related to gender and
sex-disaggregated output
data from the integrated
assessment models
developed and tested
Kenya%20Submission%20on%20Gender%20and%2
0Climate%20Change%2025th%20April.pdf
Social inclusion in Honduras:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/99731
Gender inclusion in Latin America related to
Climate change and nutritional and food security:
in https://hdl.handle.net/10568/99828
Gender mainstreaming and smallholder
perceptions in Uganda:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/93199 and
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/98413
Climate tipping point game at COP:
https://theconversation.com/we-built-a-sim-of-
worlds-climate-battle-heres-what-happened-
when-delegates-played-it-at-cop24-108520
Game prototypes:
https://www.uu.nl/en/news/student-game-jam-
explores-complex-sustainability-problems
FP1 Outcome: $
USD new
investments by
state, national,
regional and global
agencies, informed
by CCAFS science
and engagement
In FY2018 the portfolio of new
agriculture projects at the World Bank
was worth US$ 4.1 billion. CGIAR
science was used in project design and
implementation activities amounting
to several hundred million dollars in
>20 lower-income countries, and 45%
of project budgets are dedicated to
activities and actions that are
contributing to making project
recipients/countries more resilient to
2018 - Novel tools
employed in comparative
analyses of the
effectiveness of current
and emerging climate-
related food and
nutrition security
policies, and of science-
policy exchange
processes and other
engagement
Complete New tools and analysis for climate risk assessment
in Malawi, Zambia:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/96184
New climate risk maps and tools, Southeast Asia:
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/9g0m7egddxma70f/
AAAlVq1DblJEc2r6JYlrJOOsa?dl=0
Multi-stakeholder platforms in East Africa:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/98413
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
35
a changing climate, while contributing
to GHG emissions reductions. A
framework for implementing
transformational approaches to IFAD's
mainstreaming themes (climate and
environment, gender, nutrition and
youth) was developed, for informing
IFAD's future investments in CSA.
mechanisms that support
climate-smart outcomes
and gender equity
Platform synthesis science-policy divide:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/99167
Platforms and scenarios for transformation in West
Africa: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/89643
CCAFS' lessons on science-policy divide:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/96265
2018 - 'Good enough'
practice guidelines on
enabling policy
environments with
national planners and
relevant international
and regional
organizations on climate
change issues across
different sectors and
scales are developed and
disseminated; these
organizations make US$
100 million of new
investments on the basis
of CCAFS science
Complete Transformational approaches:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/98265
CCAFS knowledge and evidence inform World Bank
Group investments in agricultural development:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/101137
FP2
FP2 Outcome: #
policy decisions
taken (in part) based
on engagement and
information
dissemination by
CCAFS
The outcome target (10) has been
large exceeded. A total of 16 policy
decisions taken as a result of CCAFS
science were reported in 2018, of
which 81% are considered Level 2 in
maturity. These include incorporation
of CSA concepts into development
2018 - 10 country
profiles in Sub-Saharan
Africa and South Asia
developed; strategic
engagement with
subnational government;
capacity building and
Complete By the end of 2018, CSA Country Profiles have
been develop for 21 countries across Sub-Saharan
Africa and Asia (Africa: Benin, Côte d’Ivoire,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Rwanda,
Senegal, Tanzania, The Gambia, Uganda, Zambia
and Zimbabwe; Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan,
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
36
plans at national level (Kenya Climate
Smart Agriculture Implementation
Framework and Philippine Medium
Term Development Plan), and local
levels (e.g. Guinayangan, Quezon
Comprehensive Development Plan
Municipal Agriculture Office Banner
Programs). Level 3 maturity in Root
Capital's Expected Impact Rating
system, which has been used to
review and close 251 loans, including
199 loans totaling US$ 146 million to
coffee and cocoa businesses.
training plan co-
developed with the
Africa Climate Smart
Agriculture Alliance;
workshops on climate-
smart local development
planning
Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the
Philippines, and Vietnam).
2018 - New CSA
knowledge products
made available for
partners and updated
CSA compendiums
(approximately 50,000
data points)
Complete The African Compendium Dataset was redone and
completed in 2018. It will be made publically
available in 2019, following release of first scientific
publications. Already, it is being used for
development (e.g., in the CSA investment plans).
FP2 Outcome: 15
development
organizations, with
the focus on
investments for CSA
activities, adapting
their plans or
directing investment
to increase women's
access to, and
control over,
productive assets
and resources.
The outcome target has been
exceeded with 24 organizations
reached by CCAFS outputs. The
governments of Cote d'Ivoire and Mali
who have developed plans to guide
investments into CSA, which include
gender and youth inclusion concerns.
CCAFS has influenced the US$ 2 billion
investment by ADB into CSA, the
Tanzania CSA Guideline and the Kenya
CSA Framework Programme.
Additionally, in West Africa
development institutions
(CORAF/WECARD, ECOWAS, UEMOA)
using CCAFS-informed equitable and
transformative CSA options to plan
initiatives in four countries (Burkina
2018 - Evidence on the
gender and youth related
motivations, aspirations,
opportunities,
challenges, and
associated benefits
related to specific
technologies and
practices informing
subnational adaptation
plans and development
initiatives addressing
gender equity
Complete A book "Gender dimensions of climate change
research for agriculture: Case studies in Southeast
Asia" explores men and women farmers
vulnerabilities and coping mechanisms or
adaptation measures. Analysis of gender
disaggregated CSA adoption trends in Tuma-La
Dalia in Nicaragua.
2018 - Socially
differentiated financial
vehicles and incentive
Complete Alternative financial delivery channel (VSLA) and
financial technology (blockchain) tested with CARE
and SNV in their target sites; two CSVs testing
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
37
Faso, Ghana, Niger and Senegal) for
large investments for 1.5 million
farmers that increase women's (at
least 30% women) and youth control
over productive assets and resources.
mechanisms identified
and tested across three
CSVs; checklist on gender
aspects for informing
policymakers
financial instruments (including voluntary savings
groups); and impact investment innovations tested
and scaled out through Root Capital and others.
FP2 Outcome: 15
sub-national
public/private
initiatives providing
access to novel
financial services
and supporting
innovative CSA
business models
Major achievement on this front in
2018 with 8 initiatives informed by
CCAFS outputs. Training materials for
both cocoa and coffee climate risk
assessment are in use by voluntary
certification agencies (Rainforest
Alliance) in Ghana and Ivory Coast
(cocoa) and Peru (coffee and cocoa),
private sector extension teams (Ghana
and Ivory Coast, cocoa; Uganda,
coffee), other projects (Alliance for
Resilient Coffee, Honduras,
Guatemala, Uganda). Training
materials for Council on Smallholder
Agricultural Finance developed in
2018 and piloted connecting CSA
practice implementation with
producer organization finance in
Guatemala (Root Capital). Extension
apps used by private sector in Ghana
(cocoa) and Uganda (coffee).
2018 - Multi-stakeholder
platforms established
including representatives
from different groups
and actors of the value
chain and participatory
modeling workshops
held with decision
makers to create
investment portfolios
Complete Multi-stakeholder platforms established across
West Africa target countries for CSA planning. For
cocoa related work, climate risk assessments and
adaptation planning results handed over to multi-
stakeholder platforms managed by World Cocoa
Foundation, and in Peru with the Chamber of
Commerce. CSA investment plans completed for
Ivory Coast and Mali.
2018 - Range of
innovative finance
options for incentivizing
CSA identified for robust
testing in CSVs; two
financial vehicles
incorporating CSA
practices in cocoa or
coffee value chains in
use by financial
institutions; good
practice guidelines and
monitoring approach for
CSA certification;
workshops with
Complete Workshop held with range of climate finance
institutions, and paper on key innovative financing
mechanisms to scale up CSA finalized. Workshop
held with 12 Council of Smallholder Agricultural
Finance members on how to incorporate climate
and deforestation risk in loan due diligence
processes, and out-scaled significantly by Root
Capital.
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
38
certification trainers
from private sector and
NGOs
FP2 Outcome: 50
site-specific
targeted CSA
options
(technologies,
practices and
services) tested and
examined for their
gender implications
94 CSA practices tested and/or
evaluated across the Climate Smart
Village (CSV) network: 63 with gender
dimensions assessed and 45 with
mitigation potential. Numerous
publications summarizing results,
including analysis of the effect of
combinations of practices (portfolios)
in South Asia. Gender dimensions of
CSA practices assessed through CSV
monitoring in nine sites, and for over
30 practices. Significant outscaling
achieved for some practices. For
example, science-based evidence
helped the Indian Government to
prioritize crop residues management
solutions and establish a large scale
investment of INR 1150 crores for in-
situ management using the Happy
Seeder technology. This scheme
targets increased incomes for 2
million farmers.
2018 - Structural and
functional farm
household and farming
systems typologies
developed across/within
sites for targeting CSA
technologies and
practices and potential
domains for targeting
CSA options identified
and refined in East Africa
and South Asia
Complete 94 CSA practices evaluated across the CSV
network: 63 with gender dimensions assessed and
45 with mitigation potential. Household typologies
and farm systems modelling results published for
South Asia CSV sites. CSA-Dx (derived product from
Compendium) implemented at three sites that
produce farmer-relevant data including gender and
socio-economics of CSA.
2018 - Participatory ex-
ante scenario
assessment conducted to
understand possible
trajectories towards
incorporation of CSA
practice portfolios within
gender differentiated
livelihoods; multi-
temporal scale prediction
of best practices in Latin
America
Extended M&E system was implemented in Latin America
CSVs. In Cauca CSV, community leaders and local
partner are currently making use of that
information for their planning and decision-making
processes based on key indicators. Studies in
Nicaragua were delayed due to the unstable
political situation.
FP2 Outcome: 6
million farm
households
Science-based evidence generated by
CCAFS-CIMMYT partners in the CSVs
helped the Indian Government to
2018 - CSA
technologies/practices
successfully piloted in
Complete Agreements with three different state actors in
India now outscaling the CSV approach, with
outscaling program on residue management
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
39
receiving incentives
(training, financial,
programmatic,
policy-related) for
adopting CSA
related practices
and technologies
that potentially
reduce production
risks with increased
benefits for women
prioritize crop residues management
solutions and establish a large scale
investment of INR 1150 crores for in-
situ management using the Happy
Seeder technology. This scheme
targets an increased incomes for over
2 million farmers, improving soil
health, reducing water use and carbon
footprints on 4 million hectares. In
Latin America, climate specific
management systems are estimated
to be delivering actionable advisories
to 500,000 farmers. Through UTZ
certification schemes, an estimated
2.3 million farmers are receiving
incentives for adoption of CSA
practices based on CCAFS science.
1000 out-scale sites in
South Asia by two
subnational governments
and private sector
agencies, and three
strategic public-private
partnerships established
in East and West Africa
for wide scale adoption
by at least 300,000
farmers
targeting 2 million farmers. In West Africa, approx.
2.3 million farmers estimated to be receiving
incentives for CSA adoption through UTZ
certification schemes, in addition to development
program EU/IFAD investments.
2018 - Climate sensitive
extension schemes and
climate-site-specific
advisory systems for
farmers tested across
CSVs in West and East
Africa, South Asia and
Latin America
Complete Training materials for coffee and cocoa in use in
multiple countries (Ghana, Peru, Honduras,
Guatemala, Uganda), mobile application releases in
Uganda in use by 4,000 farmers and three private
partners. 500,000 farmers now accessing climate
specific advisories in Latin America.
FP3
FP3 Outcome: # of
low emissions plans
developed that have
significant
mitigation potential
for 2030, i.e. will
contribute to at
least 5% GHG
emissions reduction
or reach at least
In 2018, CCAFS research informed
measurement, reporting and
verification (MRV), finance and
technical options for projects and
policies in Vietnam, Colombia, Kenya,
India, Thailand, Mexico, Bangladesh,
Tanzania, and Indonesia, as well as
standards for the private sector
(International Fertilizer Association).
Government capacities for Tier 2 MRV
2018 - Piloting of
economic and social
incentives to adopt
mitigation practices
(livestock, rice, fertilizer,
soil management)
Complete Vietnam paddy rice: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/no-
regret-mitigation-strategies-rice-production
Kenya gender:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97553 and
https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2018.1449488
Kenya livestock improved feed investment case:
https://ccafs.cgiar.org/research-
highlight/investment-case-reducing-livestock-
emission-intensities-east-africa
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
40
10,000 farmers,
with all plans
examined for their
gender implications
of livestock were strengthened for 15
to 20 countries to help with Nationally
Determined Contribution reporting of
Indonesia. Tools and resources (food
loss and waste calculator, MRV
resource webpage, SECTOR rice
greenhouse gas calculator) were
developed. Gender research on
women in savings and loans
organizations for agroforestry supply
chains and for women in the informal
dairy market was conducted. Food
loss and waste action research was
delayed. Milestone was met and
progress towards outcome targets
made in five countries.
Vietnam gender: Simelton email, provided under
milestone reporting CERES investor guidance:
https://ccafs.cgiar.org/news/measure-chain-tools-
managing-ghg-emissions-agricultural-supply-chains
Business case development:
https://ccafs.cgiar.org/invest
COP23 event on finance:
https://ccafs.cgiar.org/cop23-side-event-climate-
contingent-finance-emerging-instruments-
mitigation-agriculture
2018 - Proof of concept
of mitigation practices
for N management, rice,
and livestock provided to
focal countries based on
field trials and scenarios
Complete Nitrogen fertilizer minimum requirements:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/100664
AWD in rice in Vietnam:
http://ghgmitigation.irri.org/our-work/vietnam
Livestock:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97097
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.011
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97553
https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2018.1449488
LED practices generally:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-
9326/aab0b0/pdf
FLW: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/98238
2018 - Improved options
for global donors to
Complete East Africa Dairy NAMA (in proposal phase)
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
41
support LED and
agricultural climate
readiness, with options
examined for gender
implications
Hay production:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/93176
Gender in dairy and low emissions livestock
recommendations:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97553 and
https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2018.1449488
Extension opportunities:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/93175
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/93174
Access to and supply of finance for Kenya dairy
productivity: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/93409
ADB training (CCAFS-wide): https://k-
learn.adb.org/learning-events/climate-smart-
agriculture-training-practitioners
MDB guidance on soil organic carbon (SOC)
indicators: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97613
SOC: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/93146
FP3 Outcome: # of
organizations
adapting their plans
or directing
investment to
increase women's
participation in
decision-making
about LED in
agriculture
With the Global Research Alliance and
US Agency for International
Development co-funding, CCAFS
awarded a record 33 Climate Food
and Farming - Global Research
Alliance Development Scholarships
(CLIFF-GRADS) fellowships, including
17 women. An additional nine (five
women) CLIFF-GRADS recipients
received awards in March and
conducted research in 2018. In
2018 - Comparison of
LED-related livelihood
options for women and
their mitigation co-
benefits (e.g. in dairy
sector)
Complete Gender in dairy and low emissions livestock
recommendations:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97553 and
https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2018.1449488
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
42
Vietnam, led by the World
Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and CARE,
300 women in two provinces in Village
Savings and Loan Organizations
received training in agroforestry and
in gender dynamics to participate
more effectively in the coffee value
chain. In Kenya, analysis of women's
role in the informal dairy market and
dairy household dynamics informed
Kenya's Dairy Development Board's
gender strategy and the Dairy
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation
Action (NAMA). Moderate progress
toward outcomes, with at least five
organizations adapting plans to
increase women's participation.
FP3 Outcome: # of
policy decisions
taken (in part) based
on engagement and
information
dissemination by
CCAFS
International Rice Research Institute
(IRRI) supported Alternate Wetting
and Drying (AWD) upscaling in
Bangladesh and Vietnam. The World
Agroforestry Center (ICRAF)
supported action research on
agroforestry measurement, reporting
and verification (MRV) with Colombia
and Vietnam, producing a major
synthesis of global agroforestry MRV
practices, and an outcome on the
contribution of agroforestry to the
Nationally Determined Contribution
for Vietnam. CCAFS' low emission
2018 - MRV
methodology for
livestock available to
partner countries
Complete Ruminant MRV in Colombia:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97097
Agroforestry MRV global review:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/98831
MRV resource website:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/98474
Livestock Tier 2 MRV global review (2017):
https://ccafs.cgiar.org/blog/guidance-national-and-
activity-level-reporting-greenhouse-gas-emissions-
and-mitigation
Livestock Tier 2 Activity Data workshop July 2019,
and presentations Tier 2 MRV findings:
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
43
development flagship (FP3) organized
an activity-data workshop with ~15
country MRV experts, and
representatives from the Global
Research Alliance(GRA), the UN Food
and Agriculture Organization (FAO),
Wageningen University and Research
(WUR), and UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC). Two significant MRV
projects were launched in China, one
to improve national guidance on Tier
2 emissions estimates (with the
Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences [CAAS] and GRA) and one
producing a footprinting tool and
analysis for livestock sustainability
interventions (CAAS, Chinese
Agricultural University, Wageningen
University and Research, producers).
MRV resources clearinghouse website
created with GRA. Capacity for
improved policy enhanced in at least
ten countries, contributing to good
progress on outcome.
https://www.slideshare.net/cgiarclimate/advanced
-mrv-to-capture-mitigation-impacts-recent-
analysis-and-tools
2018 - Improved
emission models and
factors (e.g. for N2O
emissions) and LED
suitability maps
disseminated in partner
countries
Complete Twenty new measured emissions factors and 118
reported emissions factors from the CCAFS
Compendium were added to SAMPLES:
https://samples.ccafs.cgiar.org/
Global N database (dashboard now developed):
http://35.154.104.110:3838/
Paddy rice information kiosk:
https://sites.google.com/a/irri.org/ccac/
WBCSD training on metrics:
https://ccafs.cgiar.org/impactful-and-
measurable-progress-climate-smart-
agriculture-corporate-value-chains
FP3 Outcome: # of
agricultural
development
initiatives where
CCAFS science is
used to target and
CCAFS' Flagship 3 supported country
initiatives in Colombia (mitigation in
livestock), Mexico (fertilizer
efficiency), Vietnam (agroforestry
measurement, reporting and
verification (MRV), agroforestry
2018 - Analysis of LED
(livestock systems, rice,
fertilizer) synergies with
food security
development and
suitability by geographic
Complete AWD analysis in Vietnam, Bangladesh, Thailand,
Philippines: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/ghg-mitigation-
rice-information-kiosk
http://ghgmitigation.irri.org/
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
44
implement
interventions to
increase input
efficiency
mitigation potential, alternative
wetting and drying (AWD) scaling and
investment), Bangladesh (AWD), China
(MRV, greenhouse gas footprint), and
Kenya (dairy investment, mitigation
scenarios) that inform Nationally
Determined Contributions and
support monitoring of their progress.
Work in Bangladesh with Climate and
Clean Air Coalition funding to the
International Rice Research Institute
has successfully focused on scaling up
AWD through grassroots capacity
building and the preparation of
technical manuals. Analysis of cattle
certification for mitigation in Brazil
identified key barriers to scaling.
Progress in at least six countries is
supporting outcome targets
region, production
system and farmer
characteristics in 5–8
countries
https://www.nama-facility.org/projects/thailand-
thai-rice-nama/
Gender studies from 2018 and prior years:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/89447
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/68980
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/69450
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97553
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/79382
Livestock in Kenya:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/91527
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/93408
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/93175
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/93176
Livestock in Colombia:
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97097
Fertilizer in India:
https://www.cimmyt.org/news/study-reveals-new-
opportunities-to-cut-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-
india/ (2017)
2018 - Analysis of the
causes of FLW in priority
value chains and related
drivers of emissions
reductions
Extended FLW business case analysis: This delay is due to a
performance issue involving the former FLW
research leader in 2016-2018. WUR has been
responsive and appointed a new FLW leader in the
last quarter of 2018
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
45
FP4
FP4 Outcome: 8 of
million farm
households with
improved access to
capital, with
increased benefits
for women
(millions)
The agCelerant smallholder value-
chain platform (ICRISAT, P46)
provided over 50,000 farmers with
insurance, finance, inputs and
advisories. Commitments were
secured, in 2018, by Nigeria's Federal
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development (FMARD) to scale up to
15 million farmers, and by the Islamic
Development Bank (IDB) to reach 2
million in the 2019–2024 Regional
Rice Value Chain Program (10
countries). International Maize and
Wheat Improvement Center
(CIMMYT) and IRI (P41) supported an
insurance provider serving more than
600,000 farmers in Africa to develop
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)
protocols and to improve design and
marketing. FP4 and International Food
Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) (P266)
initiated an insurance community of
practice through webinars and raised
visibility through InsuResilience Global
Partnership, activities at
Microinsurance Conference and
COP24.
2018 -
National/subnational
initiatives incorporate
flood insurance products
in disaster risk reduction
financing solutions in
collaboration with
insurance industry and
governments
Complete IWMI (P41) piloted flood insurance in 17 villages
(1000 households) in Muzaffarpur District, Bihar,
India. It has been adopted by Bihar Disaster
Management Department and at national level by
Ministry of Agriculture - Farmer’s Welfare, as
evidenced by co-financing; and by a World Bank
project proposal for Assam (OCIR2654).
2018 - Scaling of
weather-related
agricultural insurance in
West Africa
Changed ICRISAT (P46) supported development of
agCelerant platform to scale up insurance within a
suite of value chain services. Nigeria’s FMARD
endorsed an insurance roadmap (in 2017),
developed with FL4 (P266), CIMMYT (P51), and
CCAFS West Africa (P255), but shifted its strategy
to partner with agCelerant to scale up insurance
(OICR2702).
FP4 Outcome: 40 of
institutions or major
initiatives that use
CCAFS research
outputs for services
FP4 engagement and research
outputs contributed to significant
advances in 2018, by at least 41
institutions, in services or projects
that support farm households’
2018 – National
meteorological services
and regional climate
institutions implement
new climate information
Complete New climate information was achieved in 2017
(2017 OICR on African met institutions), enhanced
in 2018 at ICPAC, AGRHYMET, Meteo-Rwanda
(P266, P363). Scaling communication was achieved
through PICSA adoption in 17 countries
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
46
that support farm
households'
management of
climatic risks
management of climatic risks. These
included National Meteorological
Services, Regional Climate Centers;
government ministries, agencies and
departments; farmer and community
organizations; development NGOs;
private insurance; agribusiness and
communication companies; and
development donors. (Evidence: P41,
P42, P46, P48, P51, P25, P266, P363).
or climate-related early
warning
products/platforms
targeting agricultural
decision-makers; NARES
and other farmer
intermediary
organizations implement
new participatory and
ICT-based
communication channels
scaled up for rural
climate services
(OICR2583), radio programming in Senegal (P46)
and Rwanda (OICR2144), ICT-based advisories in
India (P259) and Nepal CSVs (OICR181).
FP4 Outcome: $
USD new
investments by
state, national,
regional and global
agencies, informed
by CCAFS science
and engagement
Engagement of major climate service
funders included participation in
United States Agency for International
Development (USAID) Learning
Agenda for Climate Services in Sub-
Saharan Africa, which aims to
strengthen knowledge and evidence
base for investment in agricultural
climate services in Africa. Progress
was also made in shaping pan-Africa
climate research strategy through
Climate Research for Development
(CR4D) Africa; in discussions with
Department for International
Development (DFID) on its climate
service investment programs in Africa
and South Asia; and in project-focused
discussions with donors including
World Bank, European Union (EU),
2018 - Science-policy
engagement processes,
guidance policy briefs
inform new climate
service investments in
CCAFS regions
Extended Progress was made engaging USAID and DFID on
climate service investment strategy and on
discussions with World Bank, EU, Adaptation Fund,
and IFAD about projects. Through USAID’s Learning
Agenda for Climate Services in Sub-Saharan Africa,
FP4 drafted publications (some to be published in
2019) that aim to inform climate service
investment/implementation.
2018 - CCAFS cost-
benefit analyses,
methods, guidance
integrated into African
Climate Policy Center
(ACPC) guidance to
Africa-focused climate
service investors
Extended Building on FP4 investment in its design/launch,
ongoing CCAFS East Africa engagement of the
Climate Research for Development Africa initiative,
coordinated by ACPC, contributed to its 2018–2022
strategic plan to prioritize and catalyze climate
research responsive to development needs across
Africa (OCIR21). Work on cost-benefit analyses and
methods extended into 2019.
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
47
Adaptation Fund, and the
International Fund for Agricultural
Development (IFAD). Work on ex-ante
cost-benefit analysis to inform
agricultural climate service investment
did not progress sufficiently to
contribute significantly to guiding
climate service investment.
FP4 Outcome: 20 of
development
organizations
adapting their plans
and directing
investment to
increase women's
access to, and
control over,
productive assets
and resources
through gender-
sensitive climate-
based advisories
and safety nets
In P42, Bioversity research on gender-
differentiated impacts of climate risk
on food security informed the design
of Guatemala’s food security
monitoring and early warning system.
In P51, as a result of project
engagement, a major agricultural
insurance provider, which services
about 600,000 farmers across Africa,
increased their attention to women
and other under-served farmer groups
in their product design and
Monitoring and Evaluation. In P363,
the development of rural climate
services in Rwanda aims at gender
balance in intermediaries trained and
farmers engaged, and gives attention
to gender in its Monitoring and
Evaluation.
2018 - Based on
assessment of current
FP4 project portfolio and
opportunities, an
adjusted project
portfolio will target
research and
engagement that will
lead to increased efforts,
by at least 10 additional
development
organizations, to
increase women's
participation in decision-
making about climate
services and safety nets
Complete 2019 project planning identifies 11 next users that
will increase women's participation in decision-
making about climate services and safety nets.
FP4 Outcome: # of
policy decisions
taken (in part) based
on engagement and
Advances in policy: 1) shaping Climate
Research for Development Africa
2018-2022 Strategic Plan (OICR#21);
2) Adoption of Local Technical
2018 - National planners
in at least one country
supported to incorporate
CCAFS-informed climate
Changed National planners in two countries (Nepal -
OICR181 - and Colombia - OICR2628) supported to
incorporate CCAFS-informed climate services,
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
48
information
dissemination by
CCAFS
Agroclimatic Committees approach in
Regional Strategy for Disaster Risk
Management in Agriculture
Sector/Food and Nutrition Security in
Latin America/Caribbean
(OICR#2571); 3) adoption of
community-based food security
monitoring and early warning system
by Guatemalan Secretariat for
Food/Nutrition Security, formalized by
National Council for Food/Nutrition
Security (OICR#151); 4) adoption of
CS-MAP climate-risk related maps and
adaptation plans by Ministry of
Agriculture/Rural Development to
adjust rice planting calendar
(OICR#2600); and 5) progress in
developing National Climate Service
Frameworks in Rwanda (OICR#2098)
and Colombia.
services, insurance
and/or safety nets into
CSA/adaptation
investment portfolios for
international climate
finance providers that
meet funding
requirements
insurance and/or safety nets into CSA/adaptation
investment portfolios for national funding.
2018 - Agro-Climatic Risk
Management approach
and local Agroclimatic
Committees formalized
in Colombia’s agriculture
policy
Complete Prior adoption of the LATC approach by Colombia
has been extended regionally (OICR2571).
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
49
Table 5: Numbers of peer-reviewed publications from current reporting period
Number Percent
Peer-Reviewed publications 168 100%
Open Access 119 70.83%
ISI 157 93.45%
For the full list of peer-reviewed publications, please refer to the following link: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/101129
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
50
Table 6: Participants in CapDev Activities
Number of trainees Female Male
In short-term programs facilitated by CRP 292,362 412,125
In long-term programs facilitated by CRP 398,035 306,452
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
51
Table 7: Key external partnerships
Lead FP Brief description of partnership aims (30 words) List of key partners in partnership. Do not use
acronyms.
Main area of partnership (may
choose multiple)
FP1 Formulation, coordination and adoption of the policies, plans,
programs and projects for the Agricultural, Fisheries and Rural
Development sector, including scaling up of climate actions in
agriculture.
• MADR - Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo
Rural (Colombia)
• Development
• Policy
FP1 Secondment of FP1 staff to the World Bank to facilitate linkages
between CGIAR research and the Bank's agriculture portfolio.
• The World Bank • Capacity
• Delivery
FP1 Development and delivery of materials and training courses on
NDCs in target regions and countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• GIZ - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale
Zusammenarbeit
• NEPAD - New Partnership for African
Development
• Capacity
• Development
FP1 Learning alliance for adaptation in agriculture, and joint efforts
focused on climate-nutrition interface, scaling up private sector
investments, gender transformative approaches, and South-South
cooperation.
• IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural
Development
• Capacity
• Delivery
• Development
FP2 Incorporation of CCAFS climate science into the Rainforest Alliance
voluntary certification scheme.
• Rainforest Alliance • Capacity
• Development
• Delivery
FP2 Scientific inputs into the CSA program, including metrics for
measuring CSA progress, prioritization at the regional level, soil
carbon, and global policy engagement.
• WBCSD - World Business Council for
Sustainable Development
• Capacity
• Delivery
• Development
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
52
FP2 Integrations of CSA approaches and exposure maps into decision-
making by Root Capital and the Council on Smallholder Agricultural
Finance.
• Root Capital • Capacity
• Development
FP2 Work on sustainable intensification of plant production in Sub-
Saharan Africa, business models and financial incentives for CSA,
biological nitrogen fixation for smallholders, and modelling of
CCAFS scenarios.
• WUR - Wageningen University and Research • Research
FP3 Scientific inputs into the CSA program, including metrics for
measuring CSA progress, prioritization at the regional level, soil
carbon, and global policy engagement.
• WBCSD - World Business Council for
Sustainable Development
• Capacity
• Delivery
• Development
FP3 Research, capacity development and policy engagement. Included
joint engagement in UNFCCC processes, scaling out CSA at the
regional and global levels, and addressing emissions from the
livestock sector.
• FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations
• Research
• Policy
FP3 Collaboration on improving understanding among countries of Tier
2 MRV practices for livestock; support of capacity building through
PhD research.
• Global Research Alliance on Agricultural
Greenhouse Gases
• Policy
• Research
FP3 Support to KDB and State Department of Livestock in developing a
dairy NAMA and for submission to the Green Climate Fund.
• KDB - Kenya Dairy Board • Capacity
• Delivery
FP4 Development and support for use of CRAFT tool. • UF - University of Florida • Delivery
• Development
FP4 Development and implementation of tools and products used in
the PICSA approach.
• University of Reading • Capacity
• Delivery
• Development
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
53
FP4 Collaboration on Global Framework for Climate Services, including
supporting countries to develop national level plans.
• WMO - World Meteorological Organization • Development
• Policy
• Capacity
FP4 In East Africa, development of expanded suite of gridded, online
regional historic and forecast climate information products tailored
to agricultural needs. Coordination of introduction of new products
through Greater Horn of Africa Climate Outlook Forum.
• ICPAC - IGAD Climate Prediction and
Applications Centre
• Capacity
• Delivery
FP4 In West Africa, development of expanded suite of gridded, online
regional historic and forecast climate information products tailored
to agricultural needs. Coordination of introduction of new products
through regional Climate Outlook Forum process.
• AGRHYMET - Centre regional AGRHYMET • Capacity
• Delivery
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
54
Table 8: Internal Cross-CGIAR Collaborations
Brief description of the collaboration Name(s) of collaborating
CRP(s), Platform(s) or
Center(s)
Optional: Value added, in a
few words
Several links between FP1 and A4NH: (1) a systematic review on how climate change interacts with inequity
and risk to affect nutrition, to be published in 2019 ; (2) a CCAFS working paper on "Setting priorities to
address the research gaps between agricultural systems analysis and food security outcomes in low- and
middle-income countries" (also with Cornell, University of Michigan, Bergen University, Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences, and Bioversity); (3) joint scenarios modelling work with Utrecht University and WUR in
Bangladesh and Ethiopia, as reported in P274 (see, for example,
https://www.dropbox.com/s/z1ixi1gf63je9bq/A4NH_Dhaka_Moghayer_v2%20JV.pptx?dl=0); (4)
collaboration on GCAN Policy Note 10, "The impact of rising carbon dioxide levels on crop nutrients and
human health", published in 2018 (http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/132733)
A4NH Bringing new skills in
modelling and nutrition
into CCAFS
Collaboration under LP1 of CCAFS, “Ex-ante evaluation and decision support for climate-smart options",
under FP1. Activities in 2018 included the following: (1) publication of a paper, "A framework for priority-
setting in climate smart agriculture research", Agricultural Systems 167:161-175, 2018, as a result of a
writing workshop held in 2017, involving 17 authors, eight CRPs/Centers and five external partners (CSIRO,
IRI, WUR, World Bank, University of Minnesota); (2) collaborative inputs to a NUI Galway MSc thesis
"Targeting new climate-resilient feeds and forages in the smallholder mixed farming systems of East Africa",
Mercy Fakude, 2018, and development of a joint activity to take this work further with funds from
LIVESTOCK CRP in 2019; (3) finalising a paper for Agricultural Systems on "Impact of climate change on future
availability of forage grass species for Ethiopian dairy systems", K. Kekae (MSc thesis project from 2017); (4)
planning for a workshop to be held in early 2019 on "Breeding foresight: exploring opportunities around
climate-smart breeding for future food and nutrition security" .
BIOVERSITY, CIAT, CIMMYT,
CIP, EiB, IFPRI, ILRI, IRRI,
Livestock, Maize, PIM, Rice,
RTB, Wheat
Better and more
comprehensive scientific
papers
In FP2 several inter-Center and inter-CRP collaborations were materialized around LP 2, “Participatory
evaluation of CSA practices and portfolios in CSVs”, which involved CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRAF, Bioversity, IITA,
ICRISAT, ILRI, IRRI, IWMI, and World Fish. Thematic areas of pursued collaboration included low emission rice
cultivars and water management (IRRI, RICE), trials on a new orange-fleshed sweet potato varieties rich in
beta-carotene to address vitamin A deficiency (CIP, RTB), biological nitrification inhibitors (MAIZE, WHEAT),
CIP, ICRAF, ICRISAT, IITA,
ILRI, IRRI, IWMI, WorldFish,
A4NH, BigData, FTA,
Genebank, Livestock, Fish,
Maize, PIM, Rice, RTB,
Scientific and efficiency
benefits
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
55
agroforestry and soil carbon (WLE, FTA, ICRAF), bio-fortification (A4NH), MRV in livestock (LIVESTOCK, ILRI,
CIAT, CIFOR, FTA), and weather related insurance (PIM). Other activities include a community seedbank
linked to CGIAR Genebank Platform established in East Africa in partnership with Bioversity; and a climate
risk profiling and climate vulnerability assessment developed with ICRISAT, CIAT and WLE. CCAFS led inter-
Center collaborative work in order to implement a joint evaluation of 93 CSA practices (45 with mitigation
potential) across the CSV network (See https://hdl.handle.net/10568/100237). Those practices included
agroforestry, agronomy, aquaculture, crop/soil/water/nutrient/energy management, livestock, genetic
improvement (incl. bio-fortification) and post-harvest options. Other fruitful collaborations beyond the LP
included: (1) in LAM, collaborative work among CIAT, CIMMYT and the Big Data Platform on data analytics to
deliver better CSA advice and climate-site-specific agronomy recommendations (Mexican MasAgro
program); (2) collaboration with Roots and Tubers around capacity building and improvement of the
ClimMob digital platform for scaled on-farm farmer-participatory evaluations of agricultural climate
adaptation options ; (3) in South Asia collaborative work with WHEAT CRP generated science evidence which
supported the Government of India’s new scheme for no-burning management solutions for rice crop
residues and the increased adoption of Happy Seeder (no-till) covering 0.8 million ha in the northwest of the
country; (4) agriculture based index created to understand the behavioral approach of women towards
adoption of climate-smart practices and study undertaken on factors determining the adoption of laser land
leveling in the irrigated rice-wheat system in Haryana ; and (5) in Southeast Asia collaborative work with RICE
CRP on water management of rice production and with FTA (together with ICRAF) on the development of an
ex-ante approach for estimating the mitigation potential and investment necessary to scale-up agroforestry
under Vietnam’s NDC. Research outputs also supported province level agriculture planning informed by
seasonal forecasts and investment in CSA with potential to benefit over 200,000 farmers and the
development of ASEAN guidelines for agroforestry development lines for agroforestry development.
Wheat, WLE, BIOVERSITY,
CIAT, CIMMYT
Together with WLE and FTA, developed concept notes for SOC and production of an Info Note on indicators
for monitoring climate finance for SOC. Collaboration started in 2017 with a webinar and workshop to pull
together soil carbon work across the CGIAR. This involved also about six Centers (listed at right below the
main collaborators).
WLE, FTA
Also: CIAT, CIFOR, CIMMYT,
ICRAF, IITA, IRRI
Brought together people
with shared interest in SOC
across Centers to plan
potential collaborative
research and learn about
current global initiatives
IFPRI (Berber Kramer) was commissioned to facilitate the Weather-Related Insurance Learning Platform by
fostering a community of practice across the CGIAR and by raising visibility with external insurance
IFPRI, PIM
Improved efficiency
through knowledge
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
56
initiatives. Key accomplishments include initiating a community of practice webinar series, organizing a side
event and sessions at the International Microinsurance Conference in Zambia, and participating in an
InsuResilience Global Partnership event at COP24. At the Zambia conference, the LP organized three events:
1) workshop with Innovations for Poverty Action to bring together implementers of existing/pipeline
insurance activities with social scientists to develop joint research; 2) side-meeting with CGIAR
researchers/partners to create a platform to share findings from insurance projects and identify
collaboration; 3) session on lessons from CGIAR research for scaling agricultural insurance. Berber Kramer
received a small networking grant from CCAFS, which partially supported these events. An innovation
(picture-based insurance) that draws on the work of the LP and Berber Kramer was reported by PIM.
ILRI, IFPRI, CIAT, CIMMYT,
ICRISAT, and IRRI also
attended the workshop
and side meeting.
sharing and coordination
and improved visibility of
CGIAR work with external
initiatives
Organized the 'Agriculture Advantage 2.0: Transforming food systems under a changing climate' event series
at COP24, which brought together efforts of CGIAR and non-CGIAR partners into a single effort of seven
events over a week, showcasing opportunities for climate action in agriculture.
IWMI, WLE, RTB, CIP, CIAT,
ICARDA
Efficiency and
communications benefits
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
57
Table 9: Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning and Impact Assessment (MELIA)
Studies/learning exercises
planned for this year (from
POWB)
Status Type of study or activity Please include links to MELIA publications here.
S11 - Impact evaluation of
crowdsourcing variety
evaluation
Ongoing Adoption study A draft impact assessment report is available for internal use. The data show good impact
in India. The report will be converted into a brief and a journal manuscript in the course
of 2019. This is part of an impact evaluation study led by Elisabetta Gotor.
S61 - Emerging adoption
patterns of CSA in CSVs
Ongoing Effectiveness study See deliverable 12896: Between February and December 2018 the CSV Monitoring
Framework was implemented by locally trained enumerators across eight CSV sites in
Latin America, East Africa and South Asia, interviewing over 2,300 farmers using the
Smart Monitoring App for data collection. This report presents preliminary results of the
analysis highlighting adoption of CSA options by 1,800 farmers, and illustrates examples
of the effects of the top three CSA options on livelihoods level indicators, including one
that assesses the gender dimension (impact on labor).
S141 - Ex-ante impact
assessment of climate services
for agriculture in a bean
growing area of Colombia
Complete Effectiveness study An ex-ante impact analysis for the AgroClimas project intervention with bush bean
farmers in Santander, Colombia is made using the partial budget analysis and economic
surplus methodology. A total of four scenarios are compared to analyze the potential
impact of different levels of adoption of the agro-climatic information and agricultural
practices package presented in the AgroClimas project. Results show that the adoption of
the complete package is highly profitable and even intermediate adoption levels could
have a positive potential economic impact in bush bean farmers. See deliverable D368.
S511 - Midline surveys at
household, village and
organizational levels in Ghana
CSV
Complete Other This is a pilot test of conducting a midline survey using the same tools/instruments as
used in the baseline. It was done to assess whether doing it in more sites would be
useful. The survey results will be used to examine what kinds of changes are happening
in the CSV site (beyond CCAFS' activities) to look at development trends, natural resource
trends, etc. that are being experienced by the communities and households. The report
is available at https://hdl.handle.net/10568/100217 (deliverable D12230).
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
58
S621 - Integrated aquaculture
systems as a climate smart
approach: Adoption study
Complete Adoption study Although climate-smart aquaculture (CSAq) brings higher economic and environmental
benefits to adopters, broader adoption and scaling of CSAq practices faced several
challenges and required supportive measures. To understand the factors affecting the
adoption of CSAq, an econometric model was applied with data collected from 200
aquaculture farms. The results indicated that 69.4% of farmers’ CSAq adoption behavior
can be explained by economic efficiency (30.2%); higher price of products (16.0%);
access to technical information (14.9%); pond environmental improvement; the
household's labor availability; and food security. Improving economic efficiency and
raising awareness about CSAq systems among farmers are important measures to be
implemented (https://hdl.handle.net/10568/100122).
S801 – EpIA study on National
Food Security Act supports CSA
in India by stimulating the
sourcing of small millets
Complete EPIA This study (https://hdl.handle.net/10568/100156) concluded that “there is no doubt that
the research-based evidence on the nutritional, environmental, and economic benefits of
millet production” by Bioversity and partners “greatly focused the power and
persuasiveness of (the) advocacy efforts” leading up to the National Food Security Act.
This has the potential for massive increase in production and consumption of small
grains, which are both climate-smart and nutritious. However, the implementation of the
Act is still at an early stage and many issues around procurement by states will need to
be solved if a shift in production and consumption is to be facilitated
S2590 - Uptake and impact of
CSA on food security, incomes
and assets in East Africa
Complete EPIA The study (https://hdl.handle.net/10568/99267) uses quasi-experimental approaches to
analyze uptake and impact of CSA—improved multiple stress-tolerant crop varieties,
improved and better adapted livestock breeds and integrated soil and water
conservation measures, coupled with improved agronomic and livestock management
practices—on livelihood outcomes (food and nutrition security, incomes and asset
accumulation), all of which are indicators of resilience. In addition, the paper examines
drivers of CSA adoption.
S2622 - Is a distributed
research program an effective
model for implementing R4D?
Complete Program evaluation The report (https://hdl.handle.net/10568/99499) authors interviewed 14 researchers
(members of or associated with FP1) to investigate how researchers operate in a globally
distributed research program. The report is entitled "Collaboration in a distributed
research program: Islands of intensity in a sea of minimal interaction".
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
59
S2639 – CCAFS-informed tools
and approaches mainstreamed
in Indian national program for
targeting and scaling climate
smart multi-commodity
smallholder farming systems
Complete Quali Outcome Study Science-based approaches and tools for farm level exploration of farm-type specific
productive, economical and environmentally sound alternative multi-commodity farming
systems were developed and validated through multi-location pilots across the All India
Network of Integrated Farming Systems Research of Indian Institute of Farming Systems
Research (ICAR) using evidence base generated by CCAFS and Wheat Agri-Food Systems
by CIMMYT, ICAR, and WUR. This has not only led to better targeting the farming
systems for smallholders but also to the scientific evidence, learning and enhanced
capacity of researchers helping in achieving the Government of India's mission of
doubling farmers income in a sustainable way.
S2783 - Assessment of the use
of PICSA approach by farmers
to manage climate risk in Mali
and Senegal
Complete Program evaluation PICSA makes use of historical climate records, participatory decision-making tools and
forecasts to help farmers identify and better plan livelihood options. This approach was
implemented in 2016 in two sites in Senegal and Mali, with 57 and 47 farmers,
respectively. At the end of the growing season, these farmers were surveyed to explore
their perceptions on the use of the approach. In Senegal and Mali, 97% and 76% of the
respondents respectively found the approach ‘very useful’. The approach enabled
farmers to make strategic plans long before the season, based on their improved
knowledge of local climate features.
S2784 - Strengthening climate
services for the food security
sector
Complete Program evaluation This article references an earlier study that was commissioned by CCAFS and World Food
Programme to conduct an independent assessment of how effective the various climate
service activities were at meeting the needs of farming and pastoralist communities. This
was complemented by the overarching M&E of the program led by the Center for
International Climate and Environmental Research, and Chr. Michelsen Institute.
S2785 - Implementación de
Servicios Integrados
Participativos de Clima para la
Agricultura (PICSA) en el TESAC
– Cauca, Colombia
Complete Other This document presents the implementation of the "Detailed guide on the use of PICSA
with farmers", articulated to the processes in the Cauca CSV. A synthesis of the activities,
results, and lessons learned is creating the route for the generation of integrated
participatory climate services in the adaptation process, in the rural context of Colombia.
PICSA was implemented in 2017 with 30 families in the Danube and Mercedes lanes in
the department of Cauca.
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
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S2787 - CGIAR Review 2018:
Case study on Climate Change,
Agriculture and Food Security
Complete Program evaluation This review by the EU and IFAD was very positive, with recommendations for greater
focus on social inclusion and M&E. Management has drafted a response, but this is still
to be discussed by the CCAFS governance body. The evaluation and its response can be
accessed at this link: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/100835.
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
61
Table 10: Update on Actions Taken in Response to Relevant Evaluations
Name of the
evaluation Recommendation
number (from
evaluation)
Text of
recommendation
(can be
shortened)
Status of response
to this
recommendation
Concrete actions
taken for this
recommendation
By whom (per
action) When (per
action) Comments (including
expenditure, where relevant –
relate this back to predicted
budgetary implications in the
management response to the
evaluation )
Table 10 is not applicable. Please see S2787 - CGIAR Review 2018: Case study on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security in Table 9 above.
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
62
Table 11: Examples of W1/2 Use in this reporting period (2018)
Please give specific examples, one per row (including through set aside strategic research funds or partner funds) Select broad area of use of W1/2
from the categories below - (drop
down) Select only one category
Delivering climate-informed advisories through digital means with ESOKO, which has now delivered on c. 300,000 farmers
receiving advisories Research
EpIA: National Food Security Act supports CSA in India by stimulating the sourcing of small millets - potentially reaching 31 million
farmers (based on previous CCAFS/Bioversity research supported by W1/W2) Other MELIA
Projects on LTACs and climate-informed decision-making for farmers, now reaching 500,000 farmers (just under 45% women) in
Colombia, Honduras, Guatemala and Nicaragua Research
Projects on Kenya’s dairy sector (including feeding studies, institutional analyses, design of a MRV system, and participatory
action), now informing a US$ 223 million NAMA, regarded by external evaluators as "a pioneer example of how climate change
mitigation and adaptation can support agricultural development objectives"
Research
CCAFS/CIMMYT research in Nepal in the CSV, including testing and evaluating CSA technologies, simulation modelling and socio-
economic surveys; now informing "Chief Minister's Climate Smart Agriculture Village Model Program" in two Nepal states. Research
Research with the investment community in the coffee/cocoa sectors, now informing loans totalling US$ 146 million. Research
CS-MAP in the Mekong River Delta, which resulted in adjustments in planting date influencing more than 600,000 ha (avoiding
about 200,000 ha of damage suffered in the 2016 El Niño). Research
Support to the design and delivery of PICSA, which is now being rolled out in 17 countries (e.g. Rwanda, Ethiopia, Tanzania,
Uganda) Delivery
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
63
Table 12: CRP Financial Report
Planned Budget 2018* Actual expenditure* Difference* Comments
W1/W2 W3/
Bilateral
Total W1/W2 W3/
Bilateral
Total W1/W2 W3/
Bilateral
Total
FP1 - Priorities
and Policies
for CSA
US$
4,315,005
US$
5,226,595
US$
9,541,600
US$
3,687,045
US$
7,220,659
US$
10,907,704
US$
627,960
US$ -
1,994,064
US$ -
1,366,104
Top 5 Centers of the largest
executions of W1/W2 funds
are ILRI, IFPRI, ICRISAT, IRRI
and CIAT. The first 5 Centers
with the largest W3/Bilateral
contributions were CIAT,
IITA, IFPRI, ICRISAT and
BIOVERSITY.
FP2 - Climate-
Smart
Technologies
and Practices
US$
6,036,553
US$
13,911,976
US$
19,948,529
US$
5,104,800
US$
13,415,209
US$
18,520,009
US$
931,753
US$
496,767
US$
1,428,520
Top 5 Centers with the
largest executions of W1/W2
funds under FP2 are CIAT,
ICRAF, CIMMYT, IRRI and
ILRI. The first 5 Centers with
the largest W3/Bilateral
contributions were CIAT,
CIMMYT, IITA, BIOVERSITY
and ICRAF.
FP3 - Low
emissions
development
US$
5,115,733
US$
5,931,609
US$
11,047,342
US$
4,461,876
US$
7,917,473
US$
12,379,349
US$
653,857
US$ -
1,985,864
US$ -
1,332,007
Top 5 Centers with the
largest executions of W1/W2
funds under FP3 are
CIMMYT, ILRI, IRRI, ICRAF
and CIAT. The first 5 Centers
with the largest W3/Bilateral
contributions were CIMMYT,
IITA, ILRI, IRRI and ICARDA.
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
64
FP4 - Climate
services and
safety nets
US$
4,178,088
US$
8,792,498
US$
12,970,586
US$
3,181,721
US$
4,536,854
US$
7,718,575
US$
996,367
US$
4,255,644
US$
5,252,011
Top 5 Centers with the
largest executions of W1/W2
funds under FP4 are ICRISAT,
CIMMYT, ILRI, IWMI and IRRI.
The first 5 Centers with the
largest W3/Bilateral
contributions were CIAT,
ICRISAT, CIMMYT, IWMI and
CIP.
Strategic
Competitive
Research
Grant
US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ N/A
CRP
Management
& Support
Cost
US$
2,037,511
US$
184,650
US$
2,222,161
US$
1,887,774
US$ US$
1,887,774
US$
149,737
US$
184,650
US$
334,387
N/A
CRP Total US$
21,682,890
US$
34,047,328
US$
55,730,218
US$
18,323,216
US$
33,090,195
US$
51,413,411
US$
3,359,674
US$
957,133
US$
4,316,807
CCAFS 2018 Annual Report
65