Flat-panel electronic displays: a triumph of physics, chemistry and engineering

by Cyril Hilsum

Philosophical Transactions AVolume 368(1914):1027-1082

March 13, 2010

©2010 by The Royal Society

A mini-radar set.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Matrix addressing.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Matrix addressing problems.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

The active matrix.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

The director in a nematic liquid crystal.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

The twisted nematic display.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

John Stonehouse, UK Minister of State for Technology, 1967–1968.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Composition of eutectic LC material E7.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

The market for liquid crystals, 1975–1979.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Operating principle of Fujitsu MVA-LCD (after Koike & Okamoto 1999).

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Merck sales of liquid crystals.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

A Merck superfluorinated terphenyl.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

A Merck terphenyl with high negative dielectric anisotropy.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Principle of electrophoresis.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Electrowetting characteristic (after Hayes & Feenstra 2003).

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Frustrated total reflection.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

An early tour-de-force in LED assembly: multi-colour LED flat-panel display with 64×64 picture elements.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Thin-film AC electroluminescent panel construction.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Filamentary breakdown due to S-type negative resistance.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

A formed DC electroluminescent panel.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Organic LED schematic.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Isomers of Alq3: (a) meridional; (b) facial (violet, Al; red, O; blue, N; after Cölle & Brütting 2004).

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Schematic of a starburst dendrimer.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Schematic of phosphor arrangement in a plasma panel.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Schematic of the Spindt cathode.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Schematic of the GEC planar cathode.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

The first amorphous silicon thin-film transistor.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Electrical characteristics of the first a-Si TFT, made at Dundee University.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

The growth in manufacturing capability of active-matrix LCD panels.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

A 150 inch Panasonic plasma panel TV.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

World sales of flat panels, 1986–2008.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Generation 10 glass for displays.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Schematic of structure of E Ink paper.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Bistable LC states in ZBD display.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

A ZBD shelf label display.

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society

Large cholesteric liquid crystal billboard (courtesy Magink).

Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082

©2010 by The Royal Society