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Trademarks
All trademarks and service marks specified herein are owned by their respective companies.
Notice
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this document was complete and accurate at the time of printing.Nevertheless, the authors retain the right to modify the information. This customer document describes all the hardware units and functionsknown at the present time. Descriptions may be included for units which are not present at the customer site. The exact scope of delivery isdescribed in the respective purchase contract.
Conformance statements
None.
Ordering information
The order number for this information product is 401-382-420R03.03. To order documentation from an order entry representative use one ofthe following numbers:
Within the United States, call 1-888-582-3688 or send email to [email protected] (to fax an order, call 1-800-566-9568)
Within Canada, call 1-317-322-6616 or send email to [email protected]
International, call 1-317-322-6416 or send email to [email protected] (to fax an order, call 1-317-322-6699)
Technical support
For initial technical assistance, please call one of the following numbers:
North America, Central and Latin America and Asia Pacific regions:
Reason for reissue....................................................................................................................................................................... ixix
How to use this information product................................................................................................................................... xx
Conventions used.......................................................................................................................................................................... xx
Tasks .................................................................................................................................................................................................. xx
How to comment.......................................................................................................................................................................... xx
Key benefits of theFlexent® UMTS Base Stations.................................................................................................. 1-81-8
The Flexent® UMTS Base Station Family................................................................................................................. 1-111-11
Physical structure of the Uu interface .............................................................................................................................. 2-42-4
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Proprietary interfaces of theFlexent® UMTS base station.................................................................................. 2-112-11
Signal processing overview.................................................................................................................................................. 3-43-4
Radio channel management................................................................................................................................................. 3-63-6
Radio resource and link control......................................................................................................................................... 3-73-7
Power control .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3-143-14
Power supply concept............................................................................................................................................................. 4-24-2
Mechanical structure of the power shelf........................................................................................................................ 4-34-3
Functional overview of the power shelf......................................................................................................................... 4-54-5
Thermal management of theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V........................................ 4-84-8
5 Structure of the Flexent ® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V
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Clock supply and signal paths............................................................................................................................................ 5-45-4
Mechanical structure of theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor................................................................ 5-65-6
Component numbering in theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V................................... 5-115-11
Clearances around theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V cabinet.................................. 5-145-14
Structure of the digital shelf................................................................................................................................................ 6-46-4
Digital shelf components....................................................................................................................................................... 6-76-7
Mechanical structure of the Multi-Carrier Radio..................................................................................................... 6-156-15
Functional overview of the Multi-Carrier Radio...................................................................................................... 6-166-16
Mechanical structure of the UMTS Channel Unit................................................................................................... 6-196-19
Functional overview of the UMTS Channel Unit.................................................................................................... 6-216-21
Mechanical structure of the Common Power Converter....................................................................................... 6-256-25
Functional overview of the Common Power Converter........................................................................................ 6-266-26
Contents
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Mechanical structure of the Common Timing Unit................................................................................................ 6-306-30
Functional overview of the Common Timing Unit................................................................................................. 6-326-32
Mechanical structure of the Input Output Unit......................................................................................................... 6-366-36
Functional overview of the Input Output Unit.......................................................................................................... 6-376-37
Mechanical structure of the Oscillator Module......................................................................................................... 6-406-40
Functional overview of the Oscillator Module.......................................................................................................... 6-416-41
Structure of the amplifier shelf.......................................................................................................................................... 7-37-3
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Structure of the filter shelf................................................................................................................................................... 8-38-3
Mechanical structure of the dual duplexer.................................................................................................................... 8-78-7
Mechanical structure of the dual duplexer with by-pass option........................................................................... 8-88-8
Functional Overview of the Dual Duplexer.................................................................................................................. 8-98-9
Secondary Protection Module for URC II Applications Type B
Mechanical structure of the Forem DxTMA................................................................................................................ 9-39-3
Functional overview of the DxTMA................................................................................................................................ 9-49-4
Technical Data of the Forem DxTMA............................................................................................................................ 9-79-7
Glossary
Index
Contents
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About this information productAbout this information product
Purpose
The purpose of this information product is to:
• describe the role of aFlexent® UMTS base station in the UMTS network
• Describe the interfaces of aFlexent® UMTS base station
• Describe the general functions of aFlexent® UMTS base station
• Describe the mechanical structure of aFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
• Describe which tasks theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 Vperforms within the UMTS system
• Describe the structure and main functions of the different shelves and their mainunits (hardware focused)
• Support the reader in general orientation on theFlexent® UMTS Modular CellOutdoor for +24 V
• Supply a quick reference on basic technical data
• Support the reader in understanding the concepts and fundamental functions of theparticular parts of aFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V.
Reason for reissue
This is the final version of theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 VTechnical Description of UMTS Release 03.03.
Intended audience
The audience for this information product includes:
• Node B installation technicians, maintenance technicians and maintenancespecialists
• Marketing and Sales people
• Site engineers
• Members of purchase department
• Management supporters.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................401-382-720R03.03Issue 1, September 2006,
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The intended audience of the Technical Description are people of all professionsinterested in general technical information of theFlexent® UMTS Modular CellOutdoor for +24 V.
How to use this information product
This information product is not intended to provide any handling instructions orprocedural information. Thus it should be used as a means of general familiarizationwith the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V and as a reference for ageneral understanding.
Conventions used
Depending on the level of generalization in the sections and paragraphs of thisinformation product different designations will be found:
• Node B refers to the general network element as specified in the 3G publications
• Flexent® UMTS base station refers to Lucent Technologies Node Bs
• Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell refers to a particular class of Lucent TechnologiesNode B
• Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V outdoor refers to a specificvariant.
Measurements are shown in metric notation first followed by the imperial equivalent inparentheses, e.g. 25.4 mm (1 in.).
“Downlink” is the signal direction from the fixed network to the user equipment (UE).
“Uplink” is the signal direction from the UE to the fixed network.
Tasks
This information product contains reference information rather than procedures and sodoes not describe any tasks.
How to comment
To comment on this information product, go to theOnline Comment Form(http://www.lucent-info.com/comments/enus/) or e-mail your comments to theComments Hotline ([email protected]).
This chapter describes the UMTS mobile radio system as well as the position of theLucent Technologies Node B in the UMTS mobile radio system.
Contents
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System structure 1-2
UTRAN elements 1-4
UTRAN interfaces 1-6
Key benefits of theFlexent® UMTS Base Stations 1-8
The Flexent® UMTS Base Station Family 1-11
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Universal Mobile Telecommunication System structure...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
UMTS overview illustration
General overview of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS):
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Functional parts of the UMTS network
The UMTS network consists of the following functional parts:
• Core NetworkThe Core network provides all the mobile radio-specific switching functions thatare required for operating the mobile radio network in conjunction with a fixednetwork. It is logically divided into a circuit switching domain and a packetswitching domain.
• Access Network (UTRAN)The Access network in the mobile radio system is termed UMTS Terrestrial RadioAccess Network (UTRAN). It provides user access to the Core network andperforms radio resource management and handover functions. The RNC is a part ofthe Access Network.
• User Equipment (UE)User Equipment is the UMTS term for the mobile devices used to access UMTSservices.
• InterfacesThe interfaces assure the physical and logical data transfer within the UMTSnetwork.
The Node B in the UMTS system Universal Mobile Telecommunication System structure
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UTRAN elements description
The main functions of the UTRAN elements are:
Element Description
Operation and MaintenanceCenter (OMC)
The OMC manages configuration, fault handling,performance and system administration for UTRAN andPacket Core network elements.
Radio Network Controller(RNC)
The RNC is the central control module within theUTRAN. It maintains interfaces to the Node Bs, otherRNCs, the OMC, and the core network. It manages theradio equipment and the radio frequencies of theNode Bs associated with it.
Node B The Node B contains the entire set of radio equipmentfor one or more radio cells. It processes and converts thesignals and protocols between the Iub and Uu interfacesand performs the call handling functions for setting up,maintaining, and taking down connections at the Uu
interface that are administered and controlled by theRNC. The Node B can include a power supply, ifrequired.
Lucent Technologies network elements
Association of Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS) networkelements and Lucent Technologies network elements:
UMTS Network Element Lucent Technologies Network Element
Node B Lucent Technologies offers several variants of Node B:
• Flexent® UMTS Macrocell Indoor (type F)
• Flexent® UMTS Macrocell Indoor (type H)
• Flexent® UMTS Macrocell Compact Outdoor
• Flexent® UMTS Macrocell Compact Indoor
• Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor
• Flexent® UMTS Microcell (type M) Outdoor
RNC Flexent® Radio Network Controller
OMC Lucent Technologies Operations and Maintenance Center
The Node B in the UMTS system UTRAN elements
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UTRAN interfaces description
The UTRAN comprises the Uu, Iu, Iub, Iur, Itf-B, and Itf-R interfaces.
Interface Description
Iu The Iu is the physical interface between the CoreNetwork and the UTRAN. Two variants exist: the Iu-ps
and Iu-cs. These are logical interfaces that link the RadioAccess Network (RNC) to the packet-switched andcircuit-switched Core Network domains respectively.
Iur The Iur is the logical interface between two RNCs. The Iur
interface supports connections of one RNC with up to 10RNCs. It is used to carry signaling and control messagesbetween a serving RNC and a drift RNC. It also carriesthe control and bearer traffic for a call that is in softhandoff at Node B elements that are managed bydifferent control RNCs.
Iub The Iub is the logical interface between the Node B andthe RNC. It performs the setup and management of cellresources for radio operation. It also sets up, manages,and exchanges user signaling and traffic as well asOperations, Administration and Maintenance (OA&M)operations for the logical cell resources.
Uu The Uu or radio interface physical layer is the CodeDivision Multiple Access (CDMA) radio interface to theUser Equipment (UE). It provides the transfer of databetween the UE and the Node B.
Itf-B The Itf-B is the interface between the Node B and theOperations and Maintenance Center (OMC) over whichOA&M messages are exchanged.
Itf-R The Itf-R is the interface between the RNC and the OMCover which OA&M messages are exchanged.
The Node B in the UMTS system UTRAN interfaces
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Key benefits of theFlexent® UMTS Base Stations...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Low Cost
The Flexent UMTS Base Station family is based on the sameOneBTS® platform anduses the same assets as Lucent’s popularFlexent® Modular Cell CDMA Base Stations.This provides immediate access to the economies of scale expected from the world’sbest selling CDMA system.
Lucent ships UMTS base stations fully assembled, tested and ready to deploy, limitingcostly on-site activities to just site preparation and commissioning. Production locationsin America, Europe and Asia, and the short and efficient supply chains that result,mean the product is built where it is needed, ready to be deployed when it is needed.
Software algorithms developed over years of successful CDMA operation keep powerlevels to the minimum required for reliable network operation. A comprehensiveOA&M system provides up-to-the-minute status information and control of the basestation, minimizing time on the road and maximizing revenue earned.
Proven Performance
The Flexent® UMTS base station family is based on the same software platform asLucent’s popularFlexent® Modular Cell CDMA base stations, with a high degree ofcommonality. This provides immediate access to the field-proven high reliability andsuperior performance demonstrated by the world’s best selling CDMA system.
Wide application range
The Flexent® UMTS base station product family supports a wide range of indoor andoutdoor applications with capacities from one to twelve amplifier modules supportingconfigurations from 1-sector-1-carrier to 3-sector-3-carriers in a single radio cabinet,allowing deployment of the most appropriate configuration today and into the future.The family includes high capacity channel cards, multi-carrier amplifiers and a rangeof cabinets supporting up to 360W of RF power.
HSDPA provides significant capacity increases as well as improved subscriberbandwidth. Lucent’s HSDPA solution is available as a software option to the existingUCU II card. Future enhancements are already planned and will include furthercapacity increases combined with matching enhancements for the uplink (HSUPA orEDCH).
Multiple radio cabinet installations can provide 4-carrier configurations, intelligentantennas, six sectors and high power infrastructure sharing configuration.
At customer option, special indoor products provide 6 to 8 height units of space forlink equipment. Outdoor products optionally provide rectification and battery backup.
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Scalability
Product scalability allows growth from the minimum configuration up to full capacityby the addition of hardware to already deployed equipment. This provides an operatorwith the ability to optimize investment as service demand increases.
Lucent’s Node B family has many scalable elements:
• Modular RF amplifiers in 20W and 40W building blocks allow systems to be builtfrom 20W output up to 40W. 5W and 10W versions will support futuremicro-cellular deployments.
• Channel cards supporting 64 simultaneous voice channels are deployed in parallelsupport up to 768 channels in a single cabinet.
• Backhaul is scalable in groups of 4 E1/ T1, with scalable higher bandwidth E3/ T3and STM-1/ OC3 already in development.
• Power supplies are scalable, allowing the most appropriate choice of power levels,plus optional redundancy.
Modular design
The architecture of theFlexent® UMTS base stations is based on a modular design thatminimizes central functions. This ensures economical minimum configurations,cost-effective scalability, increases reliability, and facilitates subsequent expansion andtechnology advances.
The Flexent® UMTS base station family concept uses the same core componentsthroughout the whole range of base stations thereby dramatically reducing operatorcosts in respect of spare stocks, logistics and training for personnel.
Each shelf is designed for front access for all installation, maintenance and upgradeprocedures. Upgrade procedures may include the shelf itself if technological advancesrequire.
Remote software loading
Software upgrades are accomplished via remote downloads from the Operation andMaintenance Center - UTRAN (OMC-UPS).
After the download process, the software resides in the Flash EPROMs in theFlexent®
UMTS base stations. This means that the software can be quickly available withoutrequiring a new download process, e.g. after power supply failures.
Infrastructure sharing
Flexent® UMTS base stations may be installed stand-alone or on already existing sites.Sharing the infrastructure of GSM and UMTS systems or sharing infrastructure withUMTS systems of different frequency bands provides cost savings on installingFlexent® UMTS base station components.
The Node B in the UMTS system Key benefits of the Flexent® UMTS Base Stations
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Circuit and packet switching support
Circuit-switched data and voice service interworking with PSTN/ISDN is supported.
The system also provides packet-switched data service interworking with the Internetand other IP networks.
Interference reduction features
EachFlexent® UMTS base station includes a full range of interference reductionfeatures that can provide optimum and highest quality coverage with minimumequipment investment. These include:
• Power control (downlink and uplink)
• Soft handover
• Macro receive diversity.
Low acoustic noise
Flexent® UMTS base stations rank among the quietest systems on the market:
• Flexent® UMTS Macrocell Indoor products meet ETS 300 753 Class 3.1 forattended telecommunication equipment rooms, when tested to ISO 7779
• Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor meets ETS 300 753 Class 4.1 rural and/orurban, when tested to ISO 7779
• Flexent® UMTS Macrocell Outdoor products meet ETS 300 753 class 4.1E ruraland/or urban, depending on configuration, when tested to ISO 7779
The Node B in the UMTS system Key benefits of the Flexent® UMTS Base Stations
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The Flexent® UMTS Base Station Family...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Frequency Bands
Lucent’sFlexent® UMTS Base Station Family is designed to be capable of supportingall currently known UMTS frequency bands. Frequency-specific assets are sharedacross Lucent’sOneBTS® common platform with Lucent’s CDMA BTS product line,ensuring easy re-use and fast availability. Specific variants are made availableaccording to need, which often varies by region.
The current status of support for different frequency bands
Region Frequency band
Global Standard 2100 MHz
North America 1900 MHz
North America 850 MHz
Additional frequency bands can be added as required, and dual band configurations arealready in development.
Portfolio Overview
Lucent’s UMTS product portfolio is specifically designed to provide a flexible andhigh performance range of base station solutions with embedded cost optimizingfeatures and high operational availability in a UMTS network.
The UMTS product range is designed to facilitate fast deployment. The architectureenables flexibility and scalability to suit the operator’s business strategy as well asrapid rollout and expansion in a cost effective manner.
The Flexent® UMTS base station portfolio has been designed for an IP-based future,and to scale in capacity as demand dictates and technology allows. It has beendesigned to accommodate future value-adding technologies such as BLAST / MIMOand Intelligent Antennas.
Base station variant Typical cell coverage Typical deploymentscenario
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Base station variant Typical cell coverage Typical deploymentscenario
The Flexent® UMTS Macrocell Indoor Type F cabinet is designed for use in controlledenvironments such as telecommunications centres, walk-in cabins, commercial offices,building entrances or unattended buildings. It is available with both -48V and +24Vvariants. Use of an ETSI compliant cabinet together with no additional requirementsfor air-conditioning results in a minimal footprint where space is at a premium.
The Flexent® UMTS Macrocell features high capacity and flexibility, it addresses avariety of network deployment and growth scenarios including multi-band deployments(for example, 1900 and 850 MHz carriers in a single cabinet).
Flexent ® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor
The Modular Cell Outdoor shares common filter, amplifier and digital assets with theMacrocell Indoor, and provides the same coverage and capacity with optional batterybackup, facilities space and power – all packaged in a thermally managed singleoutdoor enclosure.
The Modular Cell is intended to support deployments on the North American market,where the same cabinet has already been successfully deployed in many CDMAnetworks.
The Modular Cell operates from 230V AC and provides up to 45 minutes of operation2from the integrated battery backup. Additional battery backup can be provided for theModular Cell by adding an external battery backup cabinet. DC powered configurationsare also available.
Flexent ® UMTS Macrocell Compact
The small size and low acoustic noise of theFlexent® UMTS Macrocell Compactallows deployment in a wide range of locations. As the physically smallest Macrocell,the Compact complements the other products. The Compact shares the majority ofassets with the other base station products, providing flexibility in configuration and
The Node B in the UMTS system The Flexent® UMTS Base Station Family
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allowing common spares pools. These common assets include filters, amplifiers anddigital assets.
The Compact delivers up to 40W per sector per carrier and supports configurations upto 3 sectors with 3 carriers (the total RF power available will be shared across thedeployed carriers).
Front access to the installed cabinet eases maintenance and its small size and lowweight provides an ideal solution for rooftop sites. Furthering its deploymentflexibility, design of the Compact permits external RF cables to be routed from eitherthe bottom or the top of the cabinet, with power and other cabling routed through thebottom of the cabinet.
Both Indoor and Outdoor versions of the Compact are available, and both can operatefrom either 230V AC or standard telecommunications DC supplies.
The small size of the Compact Outdoor allows deployment in many size constrainedlocations while still supporting macrocellular coverage. Battery backup of up to threehours can be provided by batteries housed in an optional external plinth, and ifrequired, these batteries can be charged using the Compact’s internal rectifiers.
The Indoor version of the Compact BTS is even smaller than the Outdoor version. TheCompact Indoor provides all the benefits of the Outdoor: the inclusion of 1U height offacilities space for microwave backhaul means it provides a small single-cabinetMacrocell solution for rapid deployment. As with the Compact Outdoor, the CompactIndoor can use AC or DC power. Battery backup of up to three hours can be providedby batteries housed in an optional external plinth, and if required, these batteries canbe charged using the Compact’s internal rectifiers.
Flexent ® UMTS Distributed
The Flexent® UMTS Distributed is anarchitecturalsolution that physically separatesthe baseband resources from the radio resources. This is a highly flexible approach thatmeans the Distributed can be deployed in hot spot, mall or street canyon environments,as well as traditional macrocellular deployment scenarios.
All the RF functionality, as for example Multi Carrier Power Amplifiers (MCPAs) andduplexer units, is housed in a remote unit (the Radio Head), which is connected backto the baseband unit by fibre. Initial systems support up to three radio heads perbaseband unit.
The Base Band Unit presents a single Iub interface for multiple heads, hence reducingthe overall load on the RNC compared to an equivalent number of single sector NodeBs. Furthermore, the UMTS Distributed provides the advantage of optional batterybackup, as well as optional facilities space, allowing more flexibility in backhaulconnections – e.g. microwave links.
The Node B in the UMTS system The Flexent® UMTS Base Station Family
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Flexent ® UMTS Microcell Type M
The Flexent® UMTS Microcell is designed to provide a solution for hot-spot capacityrelief and coverage of localized shadows and holes. It is physically small andlightweight to provide flexibility in mounting options, and includes options for pole,wall and floor mounting, all in an outdoor environment. Power supply flexibility isprovided by options for both AC and DC supplies; battery backup will also be madeavailable.
The Flexent®UMTS Microcell provides RF capacity for 1 sector, 1 carrier at up to10W. Future software upgrade will also allow multi-carrier operation, sharing theavailable RF power.
As with the other members of the UMTS BTS family, it uses assets from theOneBTS®
platform. These include the radio (MCR), timing unit (CTU) and controller (URC). Itincludes capacity for 1 or 2 channel cards. Optional support for HSDPA is available,and a further option for E-DCH will be made available in the future.
The Node B in the UMTS system The Flexent® UMTS Base Station Family
This chapter describes the interfaces of aFlexent® UMTS base station.
Conventions used
“Downlink” is the signal direction from the network to the mobile user equipment.
“Uplink” is the signal direction from the mobile user equipment to the network.
Contents
Interface types 2-2
Physical structure of the Uu interface 2-4
Iub Interface 2-8
Proprietary interfaces of theFlexent® UMTS base station 2-11
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Proprietary interfaces
The following interfaces are proprietary:
Interface Description
User relays Two-wire connections with a relay at the base station thatcan enable external devices (turn on a generator forexample).
GPS Interface for the connection of a reference clock source(e.g. from an external GPS antenna / LNA).
Ext. Alarm Interface for external alarms.
Diagnostic andmaintenance (Diag. Maint.)
Interfaces for diagnostic purposes or the connection of aRemote Maintenance Terminal (RMT).
Flexent® UMTS base station interfaces Interface types
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Physical structure of the Uu interface...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
General
The Uu interface is the “air interface” between the Node B and the User Equipment(UE).
Physical characteristics and protocols are specified in detail to ensure that UEs fromdifferent manufacturers and mobile radio networks from different providers will becompatible.
Multiple access techniques
On the air interface optimization techniques must be applied, to use the limitedbandwidth as best as possible.
Cellular technology was introduced using Frequency Division Multiple Access(FDMA), in which each user is assigned a separate pair of uplink and downlinkfrequencies.
To make better use of the spectrum, the following techniques were subsequentlyintroduced:
• Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
• Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).
Code division multiple access
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) uses “spread spectrum” technology, in whichthe signals associated with a call are spread across the entire available radio channel.
Multiple users share the same carrier.
Each user is assigned a unique Walsh code which defines a logical channel within thecarrier. This permits the user’s signal to be separated from the signals of other users onthe carrier.
A particular user can only demodulate those base station transmitter signals that use theWalsh code assigned to that user. This signal will be ignored as noise by all other userson the carrier.
UMTS
UMTS is based on Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). It uses a 5-MHz bandwidth carrierin comparison with the North American predecessor CDMA2000 which originally useda 1.25-MHz bandwidth carrier.
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UMTS supports two variants of CDMA. Either of them can be used to separate theuplink and the downlink signals:
• Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD)FDD separates the uplink and the downlink direction in frequency.
• Time Division Duplexing (TDD)TDD transmits the uplink and the downlink signal on the same frequency but atdifferent times.
Coding on the air interface
The information for each user is coded at the CDMA air interface. This ensures thatthe original sent information can be retrieved on the receiving side, even thoughseveral users are applying the same frequency at the same time.
The CDMA code consists of two components:
• Spreading code
• Scrambling code.
The spreading code is applied to distinguish between the information of different usersat the same frequency.
In the downlink direction, the scrambling code is used to distinguish between userswith the same spreading code in neighboring cells.
In the uplink direction, each UE is assigned a unique scrambling code to identify theUE during intercell handover.
Physical structure of the air interface
The following figure illustrates the physical structure of the air interface (Uu) for thedifferent frequency bands:
Flexent® UMTS base station interfaces Physical structure of the Uu interface
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IMT2000 frequency band
The IMT2000 frequency band (3GPP Band I) designated by the ITU World RadioCongress for region 1 (Europe, Asia, Africa):
Frequency Range Frequency Band DuplexTransmission Mode
Link Direction
5 MHz
MHz
Code 1
Code 1
Code 2
Code 2
Code 3
Code 3
Code n
Code n
824 866 869 901 MHz
45 MHz42 MHz 32 MHz
Node B Rx Node B Tx
1920 1980 2110 2170 MHz
190 MHz
60 MHz 60 MHz
Node B Rx Node B Tx
1850 1910 1930 1990 MHz
80 MHz60 MHz 60 MHz
Node B Rx Node B Tx
DownlinkUplink
DownlinkUplink
850 M zCellular
H Band
(3GPP Band V)
2100 M zIMT
H Band2000
(3GPP Band I)
1900 M z BandHPCS1900(3GPP Band II)
DownlinkUplink
Flexent® UMTS base station interfaces Physical structure of the Uu interface
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1920 MHz to1980 MHz
Paired FDD Uplink
2110 MHz to2170 MHz
Paired FDD Downlink
PCS1900 frequency band
The PCS1900 frequency band (3GPP Band II) designated by the ITU World RadioCongress for North America:
Frequency Range Frequency Band DuplexTransmission Mode
Link Direction
1850 MHz to1910 MHz
Paired FDD Uplink
1930 MHz to1990 MHz
Paired FDD Downlink
850 MHz “Cellular” band
The 850 MHz “Cellular” frequency band (3GPP Band V) designated by the ITU WorldRadio Congress for North America:
Frequency Range Frequency Band DuplexTransmission Mode
Link Direction
824 MHz to866 MHz
Paired FDD Uplink
869 MHz to901 MHz
Paired FDD Downlink
Flexent® UMTS base station interfaces Physical structure of the Uu interface
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On the Iub interface only the physical layer, bearer data transmission and signaling datafor call handling are defined. Transmission of data for operation and maintenancepurposes (O&M), however, is proprietary.
There are two different physical layers for the data transmission over the Iub interface:
• PCM operating at 2048 kbit/S. (E1)
• PCM operating at 1544 kbit/S. (T1).
Physical transmission E1
E1 physical transmission based on the principles of PCM according to ITU-TRecommendations G.703, G.704, G.732 and ANSI T1.401 and ANSI T1.403 provides adata transmission rate of 2048 kbit/s. With time-division multiplexing, 31 datachannels can be transmitted. The data channels are transmitted in individual 8-bit timeslots. Thus, the length of a time slot is 3.9 µs., and the transmission rate on each ofthe traffic channels is 64 kbit/s. These 31 data channel time slots and one time slotused for synchronization purposes are combined into one frame.
Time slot structure E1
Time slot structure for an Iub interface frame (E1):
Time slot usage
Time slot “0” of a frame is always used for synchronization purposes.
Time slots “1” to “31” can be used either for exchanging signaling data or astraffic/data channels.
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Physical transmission T1
T1 physical transmission based on the principles of PCM according to ITU-TRecommendations G.703, G.704, G.711, G.733 and G.834 provides a data transmissionrate of 1544 kbit/s. With time-division multiplexing, 24 data channels can betransmitted. The data channels are transmitted in individual 8-bit time slots. The24 data channel time slots and one bit used for carrying framing and supervisioninformation are combined into one frame. Each PCM 24 frame contains 193 bits. Thetransmission rate on each of the data channels is 64 kbit/s, and the transmission rate inthe framing slot is 8 kbit/s. There is no dedicated channel for the transfer of signaling.
Time slot structure T1
The time slot structure for an Iub interface frame (T1) is:
Time slot usage
Time slot “0” (1 Bit) of a frame is used for carrying framing and supervisioninformation.
Time slots “1” to “24” can be used either for exchanging signaling data or astraffic/data channels.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
On the Iub interface Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is used as a lower layerprotocol, transporting packages on the ATM backbone network.
Principles of ATM
In ATM the user data and signaling data are transmitted in packets with a fixed size.The packets are called ATM cells. They do not have a specific position in a time slotpattern. The packets are generated and transmitted asynchronously by the terminaldevices.
161 2 23 240 15
193 bits = 125 µs
0.65 µs 5.18 µs
Timeslot no.
Frame n of T1 link
Trafficor
signal ing
Trafficor
signal ing
Trafficor
signal ing
Trafficor
signal ing
Trafficor
signal ing
Trafficor
signal ing
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The ATM cells are marked with identifiers to assign the ATM cells to a certainconnection.
The ATM network transmits the cells with the same high bit rate independent of thetype of service. The terminal devices adapt the different types of services to the ATMnetwork.
Established connections have specific cell rates. The used cell rate is settable. During aconnection, a user can change the number of cells used so that only the requirednumber of cells is used.
Structure of an ATM cell
An ATM cell consists of 53 bytes. Five bytes are occupied by control information and48 bytes are occupied by user information.
ATM switch
If several Node Bs are located next to each other, ATM switches may be used tocombine the E1/ T1 carriers to another physical layer type such as Level 1Synchronous Transport Module (STM-1) or Optical Carrier Level 3 (OC-3).
Further important protocols
The Node B Application Protocol (NBAP) is used for all control messages that aresent between the RNC and the Node B.
The Access Link Control Application Part (ALCAP) protocol is used to control ATMsubchannels of AAL2 connections between the RNC and the Node B.
There are further protocols not explained in this context.
Flexent® UMTS base station interfaces Iub Interface
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Proprietary interfaces of theFlexent® UMTS base station...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Timing synchronization interface
Interface for the synchronization of the primary cabinet and additional growth cabinetsto one common system clock.
GPS interface
Interface for the connection of a reference clock source (e.g. from an external GPSantenna / LNA).
External alarms
The Flexent® UMTS base station primary frame provides an external alarm interface.Up to 32 alarm inputs for customer specific alarms can be connected.
Alarms from external equipment, for example on-site power equipment, line equipmentor site security equipment will be collected via this interface.
Diagnostic and maintenance interface
Interface for the local access to theFlexent® UMTS base station, for example toconnect a Remote Maintenance Terminal (RMT).
An interface on each Universal Radio Controller (URC) can be used for diagnosticpurposes via the Input Output Unit (IOU).
Flexent® UMTS base station interfaces
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This chapter describes the functions of aFlexent® UMTS base station.
The functions of theFlexent® UMTS base station can be categorized as follows:
• Signal and protocol processingThe various physical and logical protocols for traffic data at the Wideband CDMA(WCDMA) based Uu air interface and the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)based Iub interface must be converted to each other.
• Call handling functionsThe functions for setting up and monitoring of connections.
• Operation and maintenance (O&M) functionsThe operations and maintenance functions provide mechanisms for monitoring,controlling, and coordinating resources within theFlexent®UMTS base station.
• Functions for improving transmission qualityThese minimise the effects of interference and minimize interference to other radioconnections.
Contents
Signal processing and call handling functions 3-3
Signal processing overview 3-4
Radio channel management 3-6
Radio resource and link control 3-7
Operation and maintenance functions 3-9
Configuration management and software management 3-10
Fault management 3-12
Functions for improving transmission quality 3-13
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This section gives an overview of the signal processing in the Node B and describesthe functions for setting up, proceeding, and tearing down connections. These functionsare controlled by the Radio Network Controller (RNC); the Node B is only theexecuting entity.
These functions also include measurements of transmission quality on the link and linksupervision.
Contents
Signal processing overview 3-4
Radio channel management 3-6
Radio resource and link control 3-7
Flexent® UMTS base station functions
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3-3
Signal processing overview...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 The broadcast channel transmits cell specific information to assist cell search and cellselection processes executed in the UE. This enables the UE to synchronize to a cellbelonging to theFlexent® UMTS base station.
4 Signaling data and traffic data are channel coded, interleaved, multiplexed, once moreinterleaved, spread and mapped to physical channels of the baseband signal.
7 The data traffic is forwarded by the Universal Radio Controller II (URC-II) to theRemote Network Controller (RNC) via the Iub interface.
Flexent® UMTS base station functions Signal processing overview
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Radio channel management...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Overview
Radio channel management is the responsibility of the Radio Network Controller(RNC). The RNC selects, assigns, modifies and releases the channels to be used. TheRNC informs the Node B of any relevant parameters such as channel type, channelcoding, etc.
The procedure for signaling during connection setup, modification, and tear-down isdescribed in more detail in the RNC documentation, since control of these processes isprimarily the job of the RNC.
Signaling channels
The RNC determines what needs to be sent over the signaling channels. The task ofthe Node B is to transmit the messages in accordance with a valid channelconfiguration.
The Node B inserts the parameters for the user equipment (UE) transmit power control(provided by the RNC) and the connection parameters for the channels (calculated bythe Node B) autonomously into the Synchronization Channel (SCH).
UE call attempts
The Node B analyzes call attempts on the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH).The Node B reports the call attempt with all the required parameters to the RNC.
The RNC tells the Node B to setup the corresponding channels in order to transmit andreceive signals for a UE attempting to do handover to one of its cells. The Node Bstarts transmitting to the cell when the data is received over the Iub interface. Whensynchronization is achieved for the UE signals received by the Node B, the Node Binforms the RNC and forwards the data over the Iub interface.
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Radio resource and link control...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Process overview
The Node B and the user equipment (UEs) take measurements of various parameters.The Node B forwards the measurement results to the controlling Radio NetworkController (RNC). The RNC processes the measurement data and makes decisionsregarding the modification of the connection between UTRAN and UE (for example:handover).
Radio resource control
Radio resource control (RRC) functions are:
• Information broadcast (for non-access stratum and access stratum)
• Connection handling (establishment, re-establishment, maintenance and release)
• Radio bearer (RB) handling (establishment, reconfiguration and release)
• UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting
• Paging / notification
• Initial cell selection / re-selection in idle mode.
All RRC functions are located in the RNC. The Node B is transparent for thesefunctions.
Radio link control
Radio link control (RLC) functions are:
• Transfer of user data
• Conversion of variable-size higher layer Protocoll Data Units (PDU)sinto fixed-size RLC PDUs Transport Blocks (TBs) :
– Segmentation and reassembly
– Concatenation
– Padding.
• Conversion of radio link errorsinto packet loss and delay
– Sequence number check
– Duplicate detection
– Error correction
– In-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs.
• Avoidance of Tx and Rx buffer overflows
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and protocol stalling
– Service Data Unit (SDU) discard
– Flow control
– Protocol error detection and recovery.
• Ciphering.
All RLC functions are located in the RNC. The Node B is transparent for thesefunctions.
Flexent® UMTS base station functions Radio resource and link control
This section describes the functions for monitoring, controlling, and coordinatingresources within theFlexent® UMTS base station.
Contents
Configuration management and software management 3-10
Fault management 3-12
Flexent® UMTS base station functions
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Configuration management and software management...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Overview
Configuration management provides a group of functions with which the resources of aFlexent® UMTS base station can be controlled and identified from the Operations andMaintenance Center UTRAN (OMC-UPS). The main configuration managementfunctions are implemented in the OMC-UPS, which communicates with theFlexent®
UMTS base station via the Itf-B interface.
Configuration management
For the purpose of describing the management operations, the (physical or logical)resources of theFlexent® UMTS base station are “managed objects” with definedcharacteristics (attributes) and states. An object can be a physical object such as aUMTS CDMA Radio (UCR). However, there are also objects that have no associatedphysical objects but are “logical objects”. A central function of theFlexent® UMTSbase station provided by a piece of software, for example a certain control function, isa logical object.
Every managed object has a number of attributes and states that can in some cases bemodified by the operator:
• Setting up, deleting, and displayingFlexent® UMTS base station physical andlogical objects
• Retrieving, setting, modifying attributes
• Modifying physical and logical object managed states.
All this configuration data can be displayed, set and modified at the OMC-UPS.
Local Configuration Data
Local Configuration Data (LCD) is hardware-specific configuration data which variesdepending on equipment and cabling. It is stored locally in theFlexent® UMTS basestation at commissioning and can only be modified on site using the RemoteMaintenance Terminal (RMT).
The RMT is a PC-based installation, test and maintenance tool that can be connectedserially to theFlexent® UMTS base station. The RMT communicates with theFlexent® UMTS base station using the TCP/IP protocol stack and it has an interface tothe OMC-UPS.
Software management
The Flexent® UMTS base station software can be loaded directly from the OMC-UPS.The Flexent® UMTS base station can store the current software image as well as one
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fallback image. After loading a new software image, the OMC-UPS can activate thatsoftware and maintain the old, previously used software in a separate storage space.
Flexent® UMTS base station functions Configuration management and software management
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The Lucent Technologies strategy to optimize system availability is to avoid faults bymeans of dynamic optimization, self-calibration, in-service measurements, performancereports and resource pooling.
The Flexent® UMTS base station avoids the effects of faults by the careful use of
• resource pools
• redundancy
• autonomous fallback
• remediation of errors.
When faults do occur system manageability is maintained by the use of
• fault detection
• fault reporting
• remotely controlled testing
• local troubleshooting.
Fault detection
Fault causes may be hardware object malfunctions or software object anomalies.
Fault detection is implemented by the use of hardwired alarms or software reporting ofhardware faults, and error messaging.
Fault reporting
The fault reporting function is the mechanism used by the Node B to report faultconditions to the OMC. TheFlexent® UMTS base station control process maps thefault condition to an alarm, and sends it to the OMC.
In addition to theFlexent® UMTS base station internal faults (for example overheatingof a unit), external faults can also be reported. For this purpose, theFlexent® UMTSbase station is equipped with special alarm inputs which are polled cyclically once asecond. In case of a fault condition, the appropriate fault report is sent to the OMC.
Local troubleshooting
Local troubleshooting is a mechanism that restricts the effects of a fault to theoperation of the system and isolates a faulty hardware or software object. Local faulthandling attempts to ensure functionality; in the course of these measures it may benecessary to reduce the system performance or capacity.
This section describes the functions which minimize the effects of interference to andfrom other radio connections.
Contents
Power control 3-14
Macro diversity 3-16
High Speed Downlink Packet Access 3-17
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Power control...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Overview
Power control is performed mainly for the following reasons:
• Keep the Quality of Service (QoS) (data rate, delay, BER) within the requiredlimits
• Generate as little interference as possible to other users
• Save battery power to user equipment (UE).
UTRAN signals
In the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) a large number of UEs usethe same frequency band at the same time for their data transfer. On the receiving sidea mixture of all the transmitted signals is received and the information from each UEmust be decoded.
Interference
Due to the characteristics of the Wideband-CDMA (WCDMA) air interface the signalstransmitted to and by each UE will be seen as background noise/interference by otherUE.
Noise level
If in a cell the signal of one UE is very powerful compared to the signal of anotherUE, the signals of weaker UEs may disappear in the noise generated by the powerfulUE.
Power overload
By increasing the transmit power of the weaker UE, the signal will be maderecognizable against generated noise. The difficulty with power control in WCDMA isthat due to the increasing power of the weaker UE, it is possible that the power ofother UEs also needs to be increased. This will cause an increase in the total noiselevel in the cell, and it will probably be necessary to increase the power level of themost powerful UE again.
This will eventually (if no extra precautions are taken) result in each UE transmittingat its maximum power (power overload).
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Power control characteristics
The power used by the UE and the Node B is controlled by the following processes:
• Open loop power control:Open loop power control is performed by the UE when a control message or smallpackets of data need to be sent over the Physical Random Access Channel(PRACH).
• Closed loop power control:Closed loop power control is used to ensure that the transmitted power is as low aspossible. Low transmit power ensures that as little interference as possible isgenerated for other users. Also the battery life of the UE will be prolonged.Closed loop power control can be divided into:
– inner loop power control, located in the Node B
– outer loop power control, located in the Radio Network Controller (RNC).
Flexent® UMTS base station functions Power control
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Macro diversity refers to the capability of the user equipment (UE) to be connectedsimultaneously to two or more cells, providing a multi-path communication channel.User data is duplicated and carried over several paths.
Macro diversity is controlled by the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and executed bythe Node B.
Macro diversity has two advantages:
• Sending the data across multiple channels reduces the impact of interference in anyone path, providing improved overall connection quality
• It allows seamless handover of the UE between currently connected cells, calledsoft handover. In soft handover the UE always keeps at least one active connectionto one of the cells, so the radio path does not have to be dropped and reconnected.
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Overview
High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is a new feature, which has beenintroduced in UMTS standards release 5. Target is to provide a more efficient way totransmit downlink data than given with the legacy DCH channels. With currentrelease-5 specification HSDPA supports a user data rate of up to 14.4 Mbit/sec.HSDPA is designed to transmit data from the packet switched domain, only.
The following three HSDPA principles are applied:
• HSDPA is based on shared channel concept, which allows the sharing of theresources between different users
• New techniques have been introduced, which mainly allow faster adaptation tocurrent radio environment as well as to traffic conditions
• HSDPA resource management is mainly done by a new scheduling entity, whichhas been moved from RNC to Node B.
Concept
In contrast to the legacy concept, where one DCH consumes a dedicated portion of theavailable resources HSDPA uses a shared transport channel, which is the high-speeddownlink shared channel (HS-DSCH), where specific resources are assigned to aspecific user only for a limited amount of time. HSDPA allows the allocation of allresources to a specific user at one time as well as the sharing of the resources betweenmultiple users at another time.
In order to efficiently support resource sharing the HS-DSCH transport channel usesthe following new physical channels:
• HS-PDSCHThe High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared CHannel carries the downlink data tobe transmitted to the mobile station. One HS-PDSCH corresponds to onechannelization code of spreading factor 16. Up to 15 HS-PDSCH can besimultaneously used for transmission.
• HS-SCCHThe High-Speed Shared Control CHannel caries the configuration information ofthe HS-PDSCH, which is transmitted next. It is sent in advance of the associatedHS-PDSCH data frame. One User Equipment (UE) is able to listen on up to fourHS-SCCH at one time.
• HS-DPCCHThe High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control CHannel is used to send the HSDPAfeedback from each UE to the Node B. The HS-DPCCH is aligned to theassociated uplink DPCCH.
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Unlike the DCH, which can be in soft handover, the HS-DSCH for a specific UE isonly sent on one cell, which is also denoted as HS-DSCH serving cell.
New Techniques
In principle, HSDPA provides three basic new techniques:
• Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)AMC adapts the modulation format and the degree of Forward Error Correction(FEC) coding onto the current radio environment conditions. The coding can beadjusted between rate 1/3 and rate nearly one, which is equivalent to “no coding”.HSDPA supports transmission using either QPSK, which is error robust and suitedfor relatively worse radio environment conditions, or 16QAM, which offers higherpeak throughput at favorable conditions.
• Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)HARQ is a new re-transmission scheme between Node B and UE. It provides afaster re-transmission with a shortened round trip time between 10 msec and16 msec. Furthermore, by signal combining of the different re-transmissions in theUE the application of advanced methods such as Chase combining or IncrementalRedundancy combining is supported, which offers additional gains.
• Fast SchedulingWith the introduction of HSDPA the Node B provides a fast scheduling methodperformed at every TTI, which has been reduced to 2 msec. Basically fastscheduling allows to select users for data transmission, when they are in favorableradio environment conditions. The gain due to fast scheduling is sometimes alsocalled Multi-Diversity Gain.
HSDPA Resource Management
One of the major changes compared to previous transmission methods over DCH is thetransition of more responsibility for HSDPA resource management from the RNC tothe NodeB. With this, the NodeB is allowed to autonomously manage the resources,which has been allocated by CRNC. With respect to HSDPA the resources to bemanaged are the channelization codes and the downlink transmit power.
The targets of HSDPA scheduling can be summarized as follows:
• Provide acceptable user perceived throughput within the service constraints, while
• Maximize the aggregated cell throughput.
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The main part of the HSDPA resource management is the HSDPAscheduler, whichruns every HSDPA TTI, i.e. at every 2 msec. The scheduler basically performs thefollowing two tasks:
• Selection of the users and priority queues for transmission in the next TTIThis functionality selects the users and priority queues for the transmission over thenext TTI. The selection is done by means of ranking lists, which are processediteratively.
• Allocation of TFRCWith this function the Transport Format and Resource Combinations (TFRCs) areassigned to the selected users. The selected TFRC consist of the transport blocksize, the number of HSDPA multicodes and the modulation format, i.e. QPSK or16QAM. Furthermore, the transmit power of the HSDPA physical channels, i.e. theHS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH, is determined.
Scheduling function
The scheduling function is performed iteratively: The scheduler takes the first user outof the ranking list, assigns TFRC and updates available resources. If there are sufficientfree resources, the procedure is repeated for the next user in the list until no moreresources are available or the end of the scheduling list has been reached.
The HSDPA scheduler may base its decision on the following information:
• CQI and ACK/ NACK feedback, which is provided by the UE on the HS-DPCCH
• Traffic information, like current buffer status and aggregated throughput metrics
• Constraints given from service specific requirements.
The new HSDPA scheduling functionality in Node B offerssignificant improved userperceived as well as aggregated cell throughput and offers greater flexibility thancurrent DCH load control in RNC.
Flexent® UMTS base station functions High Speed Downlink Packet Access
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This chapter describes the concepts for power supply and temperature management forthe Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V .
Contents
Power supply concept 4-2
Mechanical structure of the power shelf 4-3
Functional overview of the power shelf 4-5
Thermal management of theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
4-8
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Power supply concept...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Standard power supply
The Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V is capable of operating fromAC mains and contains all the elements necessary to supply +24 VDC power includingAC/DC rectifier modules and a controller with alarms. The AC voltage is distributeddirectly to the cabinet heater and the service outlet.
The DC voltage is distributed to the shelves and optional internal or external batteries.
All functional elements for standard +24 VDC power supply are electrically andmechanically integrated in the Mobility Power Module 24 (MPM24).
Power failure
The Power System Controller provides power control and and may also containprogramming capabilities. Access to the Power Controller functions are availablethrough an RS-232 port upon opening the cabinet door in units so provided. Rectifierfailures are reported through the onboard controller.
The Common Power Converters (CPCs) report an alarm, if their DC output fails.
The Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V can configured with internalbatteries (two strings of 100 Ah). During AC mains voltage failure operation is thencontinued for a limited time, using power from the backup batteries.
Battery cabinet
An optional battery extension cabinet can be supplied, to extend backup time for largercapacityFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell installations or where AC mains are known tobe unreliable.
Redundancy
The MPM24 can be supplied with redundant rectifiers at customer’s option. Similarly,redundant CPCs are available at customer’s option.
More information
For information about the arrangement of the primary cabinet and the additionalcabinets, the components and available configurations of battery cabinet as well as theenvironmental and power requirements, surge protection and lightning protection of thepower cabinet and battery cabinet, refer to appropriate Flexent® UMTS Modular CellSite Preparation Guidelinesor the appropriate Flexent® UMTS Modular CellInstallation manual.
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Mechanical structure of the power shelf...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Front view of the power shelf
The front of the power shelf presents the following features:
Legend:
1 Power controller and interface panel.
2 HDPA connector panel
3 Rectifier modules
4 Circuit breakers in the AC Power Distribution AssemblyAC-PDA
5 GFCI convenience outlet in the AC-PDA (optional)
6 Auxiliary rectifier modules (optional)
7 Auxilliary HDPA connector panel (optional)
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Power supply and thermal management concepts
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4-3
8 Auxiliary power controller and interface panel (optional)
Power supply and thermal management concepts Mechanical structure of the power shelf
4-4 Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page
401-382-720R03.03Issue 1, September 2006
Functional overview of the power shelf...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Power shelf functional overview
The power shelf can be operated from worldwide, commercial AC mains and containsall elements to supply +24 V DC power, including the AC/DC rectifier modules and acontroller to provide alarms. The power shelf manages the system power controlincluding batteries and distribution elements.
Power shelf block diagram
Simplified diagram of the power shelf’s main functions:
Rectifier modules
Up to four rectifier modules can be equipped in the rectifier shelf area of the powershelf.
In the present configuration, each rectifier is capable of powering 3 kW of load.
RS485
AC PDA
Auxilliary Rectifier
Growth (aux.)
Rectifiermodule
Rectifiermodule
Rectifiermodule
Rectifiermodule
Power Shelf
Power controllerCurrentSense
(3inputs)Temp
Sense (5 inputs)for Batt Charging
LVBD DRIVE(3)
Voltage SenseCurr Share
Alms
AC INPUT
TempSense (3 inputs)
for CabinetTemperature
DC OUTPUT BUS
EMIFilter
CabinetHeater
Ext. Batt.Heater
ToGrowth
Cabinets
ToGrowth
Cabinets
Power supply and thermal management concepts
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................401-382-720R03.03Issue 1, September 2006
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4-5
Additional to the number of rectifier modules needed to power the actual load anotherrectifier module may be equipped to maintain the cabinet’s output in case of a rectifiermodule failure.
Rectifier modules are capable of hot insertion and removal without degradation ofperformance to the system. The rectifier modules are connected to the AC input, theDC output and an alarm interface via backplane connectors.
A rectifier module contains a circuitry which controls the
• Output voltage
• Output current
• Over voltage shutdown
• Thermal shutdown
• Low voltage alarm
• Current sharing alarm
• Mains voltage alarm.
To attain sufficient cooling each rectifier module is equipped with an internal fanwhich draws air from the front grill and exhaust it through the rear openings.
Power controller
The controller communicates with the rectifier modules via an RS485 bus to setoperating parameters and receive alarms and operating data.
The controller receives temperature information from temperature sensors located inthe radio and battery compartments.
Based on the information of the temperature sensors in the battery compartments(internal and/or external) the controller adjusts the float voltage of the rectifier modulesto accomplish temperature compensation on the batteries. If in case of system error orfailure the battery temperatures rise above 75 °C ±3 °C (167 °F ±5.4 °F) thecontroller reduces the float voltage and reports alarms. Normal operation is resumedwhen temperatures drop below 65 °C ±3 °C (149 °F ±5.4 °F).
The controller monitors battery charging currents via shunts in the (internal andexternal) battery leads.
The controller senses the system bus voltage, and the battery voltages to protect thesystem from operating under low voltage conditions during discharge. If a monitoredvoltage drops below 21 VDC the controller sends a disconnect signal to the LowVoltage Battery Disconnect (LVBD). When the AC power has been restored and therectifier modules raise the monitored voltage above 25 VDC the controller sends areconnect signal to the LVBD if the LVBD indicates a disconnected status. In case thereconnect fails the controller sends an according alarm.
Power supply and thermal management concepts Functional overview of the power shelf
4-6 Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page
401-382-720R03.03Issue 1, September 2006
Auxilliary controller
An auxiliary controller, consisting of connectors required to accept and distributecontrol signals, will be required when paralleling multiple power shelves that use this
AC Power Distribution Assembly
The AC PDA distributes the AC power to supply the rectifier modules, cabinet heaters,battery heaters, GFCI convenience outlet and optional growth cabinets.
The AC power supplied to the rectifier modules and the heaters is filtered to providehigh frequency attenuation and reduce Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).
Five circuit breakers are provided to protect
• Convenience outlet (optional)
• Cabinet heater
• Battery heater
• Primary rectifier shelf
• Auxilliary rectifier shelf.
Power supply and thermal management concepts Functional overview of the power shelf
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................401-382-720R03.03Issue 1, September 2006
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4-7
Thermal management of theFlexent® UMTS Modular CellOutdoor for +24 V...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Overview
The Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V is designed for outdooroperation. Its components are installed in a weatherproof cabinet and are thereforeprotected against dust, rain and aggressive substances in the outside environment aswell as against vandalism. The heat generated in the cabinet is transferred via heatexchanger and fans to the ambient air.
The heat management system contains one heat exchanger with two heaters mountedon the cabinet door and two fan trays mounted inside the cabinet. Additionally a stripheater is mounted underneath the digital shelf.
The internal heaters allow a cold start and operation at extremely low outsidetemperatures.
4-8 Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page
401-382-720R03.03Issue 1, September 2006
Cooling concept
The air circuits are generated exclusively by the internal fan trays. Therefore,individual fans are not required inside any of the installed components. This ensures awell-defined air flow through each of the components and allows accurate control ofthe fans.
The small number of fans has a positive impact on the overall reliability of the system.
In the outdoor cabinet, there are two air circuits. One air circuit is used for cooling theamplifier shelf with external air, the other one removes heat from the filter shelf, thedigital shelf, splitters and combiners and cabling with cooled air from the heatexchanger. The two air circuits are separated from one another.
Outside air is used to cool the Power Amplifier Modules (PAMs). Outside air streamsfrom the rear and the sides into the cabinet and flows along the amplifier heat sinks. Aweatherized fan tray blows the warmed air into a plenum at the rear of the cabinet.The heat leaves the cabinet at the top. The incoming and outgoing air streams areseparated by a duct assembly.
Use of fresh air cooling requires less energy than heat exchanging and hence lowersoverall energy costs.
A heat exchanger mounted at the rear of the cabinet is used to cool the digitalcomponents since it offers the maximum long-term reliability for complex systems,particularly in harsh environments. Fans in the heat exchanger blow chilled air into theinlet air plenum of the cabinet. The digital shelf fan tray blows the air heated by thedigital shelf units to the front side of the cabinet. Air travels through the cabinet,before returning to the heat exchanger.
Although there are different air flow patterns within different variants of cabinets, thesame shelves are used, including the same set of fan trays. Profile settings and air flowbaffling can be adjusted to fit the particular application. The small numbers of fans andpartial fan redundancy designs have a positive impact on the overall reliability of theUMTS system.
Temperature range
The Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor is designed to operate from –40 °C to 46°C (–40 °F to 115 °F). The solar loading on the cabinet shall be as per GR-487-COREspecification. The maximum internal air temperature should not exceed 65 °C (149 °F).Various combinations of solar shields and heat exchangers can be used to achieve therequired temperature range.
Environmental conditions
The environmental conditions are specified according to Telecordia requirements.
To provide insulation against solar irradiation solar shields may be used.
Power supply and thermal management concepts Thermal management of the Flexent® UMTS ModularCell Outdoor for +24 V
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Normal operation is maintained for temperature range from –40 °C to 46 °C (–40 °F to115 °F) plus Telecordia solar load.
Acoustic noise is 65 dBA at 25 °C (77 °F) and sea level.
Heat exchanger control
The heat exchanger has a temperature sensor for the inner air circuit as well as atemperature sensor for the outer air circuit.
The fans of the heat exchangers are speed controlled. The control characteristics areprogrammed in the fan control unit, having been optimized for acoustic emission andreliability.
The heaters in the heat exchanger are controlled with internal temperature sensors atthe heat exchanger outlet.
The minimum cold-start temperature is -30 °C (-22 °F). The heaters are supplied withAC power. They heat up the internal air until the temperature in the digital shelfreaches –5 °C (+23 °F).
Strip heater
The strip heater underneath the digital shelf is controlled by a thermostat. The heater isturned on when inside temperature drops to 0 °C ± 3 °C (32 °F ± 5.4 °F). The stripheater is turned off when inside temperature rises to 10 °C ± 3 °C (50 °F ± 5.4 °F).
The strip heater will disconnected from power by another thermostat when its surfacetemperature rises to 210 °C ± 10 °C (410 °F ± 18 °F) and will be reconnected whenits surface temperature drops to 180 °C ± 10 °C (356 °F ± 18 °F)
Temperature protection and alarming
In the event of a fan failure or a heat exchanger failure, the sensor controlledcomponents (TDU, amplifier module, UCR, OM and CPC) will shut downautonomously.The other components are protected by the CPC’s shutting down. If thetemperatures measured in the heat management system are out of the permissiblerange, an alarm will be generated.
The amplifier modules and the Common Power Converters (CPCs) contain at least onesensor each and react individually to excess temperatures. When the temperature insidea CPC reaches the upper limit of +78 °C (+173 °F), a “high temperature” alarm isgenerated. The CPC will shut down when the temperature rises above 83 °C (182 °F).
If the temperature inside the digital shelf falls below approximately -12 °C (+10.4 °F),a “low temperature” alarm is generated and the digital shelf will shut down.
Normal operation will resume when temperatures return to normal operating ranges.
Power supply and thermal management concepts Thermal management of the Flexent® UMTS ModularCell Outdoor for +24 V
• The logical structure of theFlexent® UMTS base station
• The basic functions of the individual functional units and the signaling pathsbetween them
• The mechanical structure of aFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V
• The required clearances around the cabinets.
• The mechanical structure of the optional 3G Indoor Power Cabinet. For moredetailed descriptions of the Power Cabinets, please refer to the3G Power CabinetTechnical Description.
Contents
Logical structure of theFlexent® UMTS base station 5-2
Clock supply and signal paths 5-4
Mechanical structure of theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor 5-6
Component numbering in theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
5-11
Clearances around theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 Vcabinet
5-14
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5-1
Logical structure of theFlexent® UMTS base station...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Overview
A Flexent® UMTS base station is composed of different components which are housedin a common cabinet. Some components may be present more than once.
Logical structure
The simplified logical structure of theFlexent® UMTS base station:
Main components
The Flexent® UMTS base station main components:
Component Function
URC The Universal Radio Controller (URC) functions:
• Iub interface termination
• Traffic data routing
• Call processing.
CTU The Common Timing Unit (CTU) distributes theappropriate frequency and timing signals to the channelunits and the radio cards. A CTU disciplines theconnected OM, utilizing the GPS or the network clock asa reference.
CTU
OM
Iub
URCUCU
MCR AMP
IEE 1394Bus
ARCNET Bus
Uplin
k/D
ow
nlin
kH
igh
Speed
Bus
FILTER
I C bus2
Structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
5-2 Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page
401-382-720R03.03Issue 1, September 2006
Component Function
OM The optional oscillator module can provide the clocksignal to the CTU if the network is not sufficientlystable.
UCU The UMTS Channel Unit (UCU) performs basebandsignal processing. It connects to the URC and to theMCR.
MCR In the downlink direction, the Multi-Carrier Radio(MCR) receives signals from the UCUs and convertsthem to modulated RF signals. Enhanced DigitalPre-Distortion (EDPD), Closed Loop Gain Control(CLGC) are supported directly by the MCR.
In the uplink direction, the MCR detects and demodulatesthe receive RF signals, and sends the digital data to thechannel units.
AMP The Amplifier Module (AMP) handles the carrierfrequencies in the radio frequency band. The AMP booststhe RF signal from the input level up to the requiredpower level at the antenna port of the cabinet.
Filter The filter panels pass the required signal frequency, inboth transmit and receive directions, and reject theunwanted frequencies in each direction.
Bus systems The bus systems in the Node B (ARCNET, I2C, HighSpeed and IEE 1394 bus or “Firewire”) are used toexchange traffic and control data, and clock informationbetween the individual units and components.
Structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
Logical structure of the Flexent® UMTS base station
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5-3
Clock supply and signal paths...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Clock derivation from E1/T1 link
Normally the clock is derived by the Common Timing Unit (CTU) from the networktiming via the E1/T1 link.
If the E1/T1 link used as the network reference clock fails, then another E1/T1 link –if available – can be used as a fallback. The air interface is shut down in that case,because there is no holdover during the transition.
The clock must be generated internally only under the following circumstances:
• The clock signal stability drops below 16 ppb
• The jitter exceeds allowed limits
• The signal the clock is derived from is lost.
Clock generation via Oscillator Module
The CTU converts the 15 MHz input clock signal generated by the Oscillator Modules(OMs) to the appropriate frequency clocks required for the digital shelf components(channel and radio cards).
An OM can be used for internal clock generation if the clock is not derived fromnetwork timing.
Types of OMs:
1. The Quartz-based Oscillator Module (OMQ),
2. The Asynchronous Oscillator Module (OMA), high performance cost reducedquartz version, standard for UMTS.
Uplink/Downlink High Speed Bus
The Uplink/Downlink High Speed Bus distributes the following:
• Data transfer from the Multi-Carrier Radios (MCRs) to the UTRA Channel Units(UCUs) (Uplink)
• Data transfer from the UCUs to the MCRs (Downlink)
• Clock signal transfer.
ARCNET bus
The ARCNET (or “peripheral”) bus passes control information between the UniversalRadio Controller (URC), the OMs, CTUs, MCRs and filter panels and passes the Testand Diagnostics Unit (TDU, optional equipment) measurement information.
Structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
5-4 Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page
401-382-720R03.03Issue 1, September 2006
IEE 1394 (Firewire)
The IEE 1394 “Firewire” bus, sometimes called “Packet bus”, has the followingfunctions:
• Provide an inter-URC connection
• Data transfer between the UCUs and the URC.
Structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
Clock supply and signal paths
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5-5
Mechanical structure of theFlexent® UMTS Modular CellOutdoor...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Outside view
Outside view of theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor, with solar shields and rearheat exchanger:
Inside view of a single-band configuration
Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor with door removed (3s1c configuration withoutTx diversity, minimum UCU population, AC powered):
Heat Exchanger
Solar shields
Front View Rear View
Structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
Structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
Mechanical structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular CellOutdoor
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5-7
Outdoor-specific components
The Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor provides the following outdoor-specificcomponents:
• The Enhanced Facilities Interface Module (EFIM) carries the Punch-downconnectors for T1/E1 lines, User Alarms, RS485/422 and User Relays.
• AC-Rectifiers for DC conversion of the AC mains power supply
• The AC Power Distribution Assembly (ACPDA)
J19J18J17J16J13J12J11J10J9J8J7J6J5J4J3J2J1 J14
J29J28J27J26J25J24J23J22J21J20DS1
GREEN = NORMAL
RED = FAULT
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
TTLN
ALN
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N
J4
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J2
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TTLN
ALN
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N
TTLN
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N
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N
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GREEN = NORMALRED = FAULT
KS-24563 L3 FAN TRAYAIRFLOW PROFILE SETTING #1USED WITHAMPLIFIER, OUTDOOR CABINET(Application per top-plate label)
5-8 Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page
401-382-720R03.03Issue 1, September 2006
distributes the AC power to the
– AC-Rectifiers
– Cabinet Heaters
– Battery Heaters
– Convenience outlet.
• The battery compartment contains backup batteries for short-term AC mains failurecoverage and controlled shutdown.
• The High Power Distribution Assembly (HPDA) distributes the DC power from theAC rectifiers or the internal backup batteries or the optional external batteries tothe shelves inside the cabinet.
Non integrated power option
If DC power supply is available on site, the power module, containing the controller,the rectifiers and the ACPDA may be omitted. In this case the HPDA is replaced by aLow Power Distribution Assembly (LPDA), providing fuses for the heat exchangerfans and the cabinet light.
As no battery backup is necessary when DC power is supplied on site, the batterycompartment is accordingly replaced by a blanking plate.
If additionally AC power supply is available on site, an optional AC service kitproviding an AC mains outlet may be installed.
Shelves
The Modular Cell Outdoor contains the following shelves:
• Filter shelf
• Amplifier shelf“Note”: The amplifier shelf might be replaced by blanking plates for MultipleCarrier Power Amplifier (MCPA) configurations.
• Digital shelf.
Shelves and their components
The Modular Cell Outdoor shelves are equipped with the following components:
Shelf Components
Filter shelf The filter shelf contains the following components:
• Filter panels
• Filter Access Card (FAC)
• Circuit Breakers (CB).
• E1/T1 Secondary Protection (SEC-B)
Structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
Mechanical structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular CellOutdoor
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5-9
Shelf Components
Amplifier shelf The amplifier shelf contains the following components:
• Power Amplifier Modules (PAM)
• Splitters and combiners, if required
• Power Distribution Panel (PDP)
• Fan tray (configured for amplifier shelf position)
• Blanking modules.
Additional information:
The amplifier shelf might be replaced by blanking platesfor MCPA configurations. In that case the output signalsfrom the radio units are routed via the hatchplate to theexternal amplifiers.
Digital shelf The digital shelf contains the following components:
• Input Output Unit (IOU)
• Oscillator Modules (OM)
• Common Power Converter (CPC)
• Fan tray (configured for digital shelf position)
• Blanking modules
• Circuit packs.
The circuit packs consist of the following units:
• Universal Radio Controller (URC)
• UMTS Channel Units (UCU)
• Common Timing Unit (CTU)
• Multi-Carrier Radio (MCR).
Receiver preamplifiers
Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) can be used as receiver preamplifiers in the variousfrequency ranges. Depending on frequency ranges and mounting options these LNAsare variously denotated.
The DxTMAs are optional Tower Mounted Amplifiers (could be mounted to a wall aswell) and provide two independent pre-amplification branches.
Structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
Mechanical structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular CellOutdoor
5-10 Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page
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Component numbering in theFlexent® UMTS Modular CellOutdoor for +24 V...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Component numbering full capacity cabinet
Component numbering (schematic diagram, not to scale. The components that are to befitted depend on the actual configuration):
Important! The following sections only list components of which there can bemore than one in the Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V.
1
11
2
22
3
33
4
44
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2
5
3
6
1 2 3 4 5
5
6
6
7 8
OM
URC UCU
CT
U MCR UCU
1 72 83 94 105 116 12
1 2
1
4
1 12 23 4 1 2 3 4
CPC CPCA B
PDP
FACCB
IOU
EF
IM
HP
DA
AC PDA
Am
plif
ier
sh
elf
Filt
er
sh
elf
Dig
ita
lsh
elf
Fan tray
Fan tray
Filter Panels
Batterycompartment
Auxiliaryshelf
Primaryshelf
Amplifier Modules
Controller andinterface card
Rectifiers
Structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
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5-11
Component numbering in the filter shelf
The components are numbered as follows:
Component Numbering
Filter panels The filter panels are numbered from left to right, startingwith the upper row, from 1 to 3 and continuing in thelower row from 4 to 6.
Component numbering in the amplifier shelf
The components are numbered in the following way:
Component Numbering
Amplifier Modules The Amplifier Modules are numbered from left to right,from 1 to 12.
Component numbering in the digital shelf
The components are numbered as follows:
Component Numbering
URC The Universal Radio Controllers (URC) are numberedfrom left to right, from 1 to 4.
UCU The UMTS Channel Units (UCU) are numbered from leftto right, from 1 to 6 (in the left part) and from 7 to 12(in the right part). The UCUs are pooled resources for 2groups of 6 UCUs. It is recommended to populate theUCUs in consecutive order, starting with “1”.
CTU The Common Timing Unit(s) (CTU) are numbered fromleft to right, 1 and 2.
MCR The Multi-Carrier Radios (MCR) are numbered from leftto right, from 1 to 6.
OM The Oscillator Module(s) (OM) are numbered from theleft to the right, 1 and 2. Depending on the configuration,they can be a Rubidium-based (OMR) and/orquartz-based asynchronous Oscillator Modules (OMA).
CPC The Common Power Converters (CPC) are numberedfrom left to right, from 1 to 4 (CPC-A), and from 5 to 8(CPC-B).
Structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
Component numbering in the Flexent® UMTS ModularCell Outdoor for +24 V
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401-382-720R03.03Issue 1, September 2006
Rectifier numbering
The AC rectifiers are divided into two groups of four. The first group is placed at thecabinet’s wall, the second group to the left of the first group. Inside the groups therectifiers are numbered clockwise from 1 to 4 in the first group and from 5 to 8 in thesecond. Numbering starts in the left column, upper row of each group.
Structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
Component numbering in the Flexent® UMTS ModularCell Outdoor for +24 V
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5-13
Clearances around theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoorfor +24 V cabinet...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Minimum clearances
For thermal reasons, as well as for installation and maintenance work, minimumclearances must be maintained between theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V cabinet to adjacent building parts:
Direction Minimum clearance
Rear panel of cabinet to wall 913 mm (36 in.)
Front panel of cabinet to wall (forinstallation and service acces)
913 mm (36 in.)
For thermal reasons, as well as for installation and maintenance work, minimumclearances must be maintained between the cabinet and the surrounding building parts.
Structure of the Flexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for+24 V
This chapter describes the design of the digital shelf, as well as the function and designof the individual components.
Contents
Overview of the digital shelf 6-3
Structure of the digital shelf 6-4
Digital shelf components 6-7
Universal Radio Controller II 6-9
Mechanical structure of the Universal Radio Controller II 6-10
Functional overview of the Universal Radio Controller II 6-11
Multi-Carrier Radio 6-14
Mechanical structure of the Multi-Carrier Radio 6-15
Functional overview of the Multi-Carrier Radio 6-16
UMTS Channel Unit 6-18
Mechanical structure of the UMTS Channel Unit 6-19
Functional overview of the UMTS Channel Unit 6-21
Common Power Converter 6-24
Mechanical structure of the Common Power Converter 6-25
Functional overview of the Common Power Converter 6-26
Common Timing Unit 6-29
Mechanical structure of the Common Timing Unit 6-30
Functional overview of the Common Timing Unit 6-32
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Input Output Unit 6-35
Mechanical structure of the Input Output Unit 6-36
Functional overview of the Input Output Unit 6-37
Oscillator modules 6-39
Mechanical structure of the Oscillator Module 6-40
This section describes the arrangement of the units located in the digital shelf and theirmain functions.
Contents
Structure of the digital shelf 6-4
Digital shelf components 6-7
Digital shelf
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Structure of the digital shelf...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Overview
The digital shelf houses the circuit packs that are required to process the downlink datareceived on the Iub back-haul interface, and convert it into UMTS RF signals that canbe fed to the RF amplifiers before being transmitted.
In the uplink direction the digital shelf decodes the UMTS RF signals received by thefilter shelf, and extracts the data streams that are sent back over the Iub back-haulinterface. In addition, the digital shelf provides the other cabinet interfaces to theoutside world, for example, to connect the Remote Maintenance Terminal (RMT) orexternal alarms.
Furthermore, the timing units in the digital shelf generate the system clock and forwardtiming information to the other components.
Also, the central control functions are incorporated in the digital shelf.
Front view
Important! The figure only represents a partial equipage of the digital shelf tosupport minimum configurations without redundancy. Any non-populated card slotmust be sealed with the appropriate blanking panel for airflow reasons.
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Legend:
Fan Tray Generates cooling air flow. In case of a “Single Fan Tray”configuration this fan tray is omitted.
URC-II Universal Radio Controller II
UCU UMTS Channel Unit
CTU Common Timing Unit
MCR Multi CarrierRadio
IOU Input Output Unit
OM Oscillator Module(s): currently only one OM is supported.
CPC Common Power Converter
Lucent
BarC
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UCR2100
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BNJ 26
Tx1
Tx2
Rx1
Rx2
Tx ON
Fail
Ready
Fault
Tx ON/OFF
Lucent
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UCU48v
P1.5
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MVM Load
FAIL
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FAIL
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Lucent
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UCR2100
P1.5
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Tx1
Tx2
Rx1
Rx2
Tx ON
Fail
Ready
Fault
Tx ON/OFF
Lucent
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UCR2100
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Tx1
Tx2
Rx1
Rx2
Tx ON
Fail
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Tx ON/OFF
G R E E N = N O R M A L
R E D = FA U LT
ESDGND
15 MHzOUT (1)
15 MHzOUT (2)
15 MHzIN (1)
15 MHzIN (2)
FILTER SHELFFAN TRAY
FAN TRAY POWERDIGITAL SHELF POWER
CPC-A48V
RDYFAIL
3.3V
5V
CPC-A48V
RDYFAIL
3.3V
5V
1.5V
8V
15V
CPC-B48V
RDYFAIL
1.5V
8V
15V
CPC-B48V
RDYFAIL
15.00 MHzOUT ø
RDYFAIL
15.00 MHzOUT 1
URC
L4
L3
L2
L1
RDY
NVM
FAIL
A
B
C
Lucent
CTU
TDU1
FAIL
NVM
RDY
OMFAIL
FLYEX
TDU2
15.00MHzOUT
BIAS-T
Lucent
J7 J8
J17
J18
J3
J16
J9
J13
J14 J6
J1
J2
User Alarms0-15 16-31
E1/T1
AMP.AI.
E1/T1
Config.
Shelf
ID Sel. Ethernet / Select
JTAG Cab. AI. UDRV IOU
IOU
RS-485
PWRON
1 0M2
3
01
1
2
IOU
URC-II
UCU
CTU
MCR
Fan Tray(rear venting variant)
CPCsOMs
Digital shelf Structure of the digital shelf
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6-6 Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page
401-382-720R03.03Issue 1, September 2006
Digital shelf components...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Components in the digital shelf
The digital shelf contains the following hardware components:
Component Description
Fan tray The fan tray contains the fans that generate the coolingair flow for the shelf. The fan tray has an indicator LEDand a power/alarms connector on the front panel.
In “Single Fan Tray” configurations this fan tray isomitted.
URC-II The Universal Radio Controller II (URC-II) functions:
• Iub interface termination
• Traffic data routing
• Call processing.
UCU The UMTS Channel Unit (UCU) performs basebandsignal processing and connects to the URC and to theUCR.
CTU The Common Timing Unit (CTU) distributes theappropriate frequency signals to the channel units and theradio cards.
MCR In the downlink direction, the Multi-Carrier Radio(MCR) receives the signals from the UCUs and convertsthem to modulated RF signals. In the uplink direction,the MCR detects and demodulates the receive RF signals,and sends the digital data to the channel units.
IOU The Input Output Unit (IOU) is an assembly thatprovides the external interface for signals entering andexiting the UMTS Node B digital shelf.
OM The Oscillator Modules (OMs) generate a 15 MHzreference signal and supply it to the CTU. The OM isused if network timing cannot be deployed due to T1/E1not meeting stability requirement. Timing is alwaysgenerated internally from OM in such timing option.
Digital shelf
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6-7
Component Description
CPC The Common Power Converters (CPCs) convert the inputvoltage into the various voltages required by the units inthe digital shelf. One CPC provides 5 V and 3.3 Voutputs (CPCA). Another CPC provides 15 V, 8 V and1.5 V output (CPCB). Each CPC is capable of deliveringapproximately 220 W of power.
This section describes the structure of the Universal Radio Controller II (URC-II) andexplains the basic functions of the individual components.
Contents
Mechanical structure of the Universal Radio Controller II 6-10
Functional overview of the Universal Radio Controller II 6-11
Digital shelf
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Mechanical structure of the Universal Radio Controller II...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Front view of the URC-II
The front of a Universal Radio Controller II (URC-II) presents the following features:
Legend:
1 Handle
2 Status LED for UMC Ethernet
3 Status LED for LIU Ethernet
4 UMC- and LIU-Ethernet connectors
5 Status LED URC-II
6 TIM module, containing 8 Status LEDs and a connector for upto four E1/T1 interfaces.
6-10 Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page
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Functional overview of the Universal Radio Controller II...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
URC-II functional overview
The Universal Radio Controller II (URC-II) is located in the digital shelf of the NodeB. The URC-II is the Node B controller circuit pack.
The primary functions of this circuit pack are:
• Node B control plane functionality
• Physical interface to/from backhaul network
• Packet routing to/from other units in the Node B
• OA&M status, alarm and fault monitoring/reporting for all units in the Node B
• Persistent storage space for generic images, log/event files and local configurationdata for all units in the Node B
• Reference timing for applications not utilizing GPS or a free-running OscillatorModule (OM).
The URC-II can be divided into three functional units, the URC Main Controller(UMC), the Line Interface Unit (LIU) and the Telecom Interface Mezzanine (TIM)child module.
URC-II block diagram
Simplified block diagram of the URC-II main functions:
Digital shelf
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Main functions
Description of the main functions:
Part Function
UMC The URC Main Controller (UMC) provides functions forOperation, Administration and Maintenance (OA&M)processing. The UMC also performs the call processingfunctions, which include resource allocation and callprocessing application.
LIU The Line Interface Unit (LIU) serves as a router fortraffic and control data between the channel units (UCU),UMC processor and the network. It provides functionalityfor driving the E1/T1 lines as well as routing packetssent between the E1/T1 facilities and the packet bus.
MC
LEDs
RS485/422Interface
10/100Base T
Interface
10/100Base T
Interface
IEEE1394
interface(Firewire) LIU
TIM
4 E1/T1backplane
4 E1/T1frontpanel
MaintenanceInterfaceAlarms, LED
AR
CN
ET
Bus
Pac
ket B
us
I C
Bus
2
Digital shelf Functional overview of the Universal Radio Controller II
6-12 Lucent Technologies - ProprietarySee notice on first page
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Part Function
TIM The Telecom Interface Mezzanine (TIM) child module isa sub module of the URC-II and provides the componentsand circuitry for 8 T1/E1 interfaces; 4 through thebackplane connector and 4 through a connector on thefront panel of the URC-II. It also provides FPGAfunctionality for initializing these components andprocessing the data.
Interfaces The following interfaces and the associated drivers areincluded in the URC:
• E1/T1
• 10/100 Base T
• IEEE 1394 interface (Firewire)
• Maintenance Interface
• Alarms
• LEDs.
Buses The URCs within a Node B communicate over anIEEE-1394 high-rate local packet bus. This bus carriestraffic data and control information. UCU traffic is alsorouted over an IEEE-1394 packet bus.
The ARCNET bus allows communication with the TDUs.
The I2C bus allows communication with the IOU, theFilter Shelf and the Amplifier Shelf for control andOA&M purpose.
The RS485/422 bus will allow communication with thecontroller box for Remote Electrical (antenna) Tilt.
Digital shelf Functional overview of the Universal Radio Controller II
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Mechanical structure of the Multi-Carrier Radio...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Front view of the MCR
The front of a Multiple Carrier Radio (MCR) presents the following features:
Legend:
1 Handle
2 RF connector for TX1 output signal
3 ON/OFF switch for TX output signal
4 RF connector for TX2 output signal
5 RF connector for test signals
6 Status LEDs
7 RF connector for RC1 input signal (DPD, loopback)
8 RF connector for RX1 input signal
9 RF connector for RC2 input signal (DPD, loopback)
10 RF connector for RX2 input signal
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Functional overview of the Multi-Carrier Radio...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
MCR functional overview
The Multi-Carrier Radio (MCR) is the Node B multi carrier transceiver. In thedownlink direction, the MCR function is to combine the digital signals from the UMTSChannel Cards (UCU), clip them to a preset threshold level, implement ImprovedAggregate Overload Control (IAOC), pre-distort them, and then convert them to RFsignals. The RF signals from the MCR outputs are fed to power amplifier assemblages,transmit filters and Node B antennas.
Indicated pluralization is for carrier splitting, transmit diversity, and Intelligent Antennaon the two outputs of the MCR. A small fraction of the post-power-amplifier outputpower is coupled back to the MCR RC port for Enhanced Digtial Pre-Distortion(EDPD) and Close Loop Gain Control (CLGC).
In the uplink direction, the received RF signals from the diversity antennas are fedthrough receive filters to Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) before connecting to the MCRRF inputs. The function of the MCR on the reverse link is to convert the received RFsignals into baseband Intermediate Frequency (IF) signals and subsequently digitalsignals, and to pass them to the UMTS Channel Cards (UCUs) for further processing.
In addition to the above functions the MCR will receive pre-distortion data from afterthe amplifier assemblage, calculate pre-distortion values from the data, and receive,calculate and apply Intelligent Antenna (IA) calibration for amplitude, phase and groupdelay. IA will be integrated in future UMTS releases.
MCR block diagram
Simplified block diagram of the MCR main functions:
Rx
Tx
Rx in
Rc in
Rx in
Rc in
Tx out
Tx out
Test out
ARCNET Bus
Uplink/DownlinkHigh Speed BusUplink/DownlinkHigh Speed Bus
DigitalmodemDigital
modem
Radio sectionRadio sectionTx baseband data frombackplane
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Main functions
Description of the MCR main functions:
Part Function
Radio section Key functional elements within the radio section includethe following:
• Two independent Transmit Paths for Node B DownLink Transmissions
• Two independent RF Receive Paths for Node B UpLink reception
• One independent RF Receive path for monitoring anddetecting coupled post amplifier transmissions. A RFswitch selects between one of two Rc inputs availableto the MCR.
• Tone Generator and detector to perform antennatesting and receive path gain tests
On the downlink, the radio section takes data from theUCUs and maps the data to the carrier and the antennapath. On the uplink, the radio takes data from the carrierand the antenna path and distributes this data to theUCUs.
Digital modem Key functional elements within the digital modeminclude the following:
• Power PC based processor with the associated supportcircuitry
• FLASH EEPROM
• Electrically Programmable Logic Device (EPLD) –For Memory Support and other glue logic
• ARCNET Interface
• I2C interface (for both local and backplane use)
In the downlink direction the digital modem enablesmultiplexing of the baseband inputs onto one RF output.In the uplink direction the digital modem enablesdemultiplexing of the RF inputs to the appropriatebaseband outputs.
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Mechanical structure of the UMTS Channel Unit...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Front view of the UCU-II
The front of a UMTS Channel Unit (UCU) presents the following features:
Legend:
1 Handle
2 Status LEDs
3 Securing screw
Front view of the UCU-III-E
The front of the UMTS Channel Unit (UCU-III-E) presents the following features:
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Legend:
1 Handle
2 Status LED
3 Test connector MCTL (Master Controller)
4 Securing screw
UCU-III-E
Digital shelf Mechanical structure of the UMTS Channel Unit
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Functional overview of the UMTS Channel Unit...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
UCU functional overview
The UMTS Channel Units (UCUs) perform baseband processing for the WCDMA airinterface channel. On the one hand the UCU connects to the UMTS CDMA Radio(UCR), the Multi-Carrier Radio (MCR) or theOneBTS® CPRI Module (OCM), and onthe other hand to the Universal Radio Controller (URC) for channel coding/decodingon the traffic and control channels.
The UCU-II is capable of supporting data or voice calls and High Speed DownlinkPacket Access (HSDPA).
The UCU-III supports a large number of data or voice calls, and is capable ofsupporting High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed UplinkPacket Access (HSUPA) in uplink direction.
UCU-II block diagram
Simplified block diagram of the UCU-II main functions:
Main functions of the UCU-II
Description of the UCU-II main functions:
Part Function
CED The Channel Element Devices (CEDs) perform trafficcoding/decoding on user traffic channels.
Combiner
TestInterface
TestInterface
10/100Base T10/100Base TCPU
CED CED CED
MemoryIEEE-1394(Backplane)
IEEE-1394(Backplane)
Central Bus
BackplaneTraffic Bus
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Part Function
Combiner The Combiner combines user traffic into radio sectorDownlink data stream, and distributes radio sector Uplinkdata to user traffic decoding resources.
CPU The UCU utilizes a PowerPC processor, which interfacesto peripheral board components.
Memory The memory contains resident and application specificdata.
IEEE1394 (Fire Wire) The UCU receives traffic data and control informationfrom the URC via an IEEE-1394 packet bus which iscarried over the backplane.
UCU-III block diagram
Simplified block diagram of the UCU-III main functions:
Memory
DC/DCConverter
faceplate
Ethernet
OneChipCED
OneChipCED
OneChip+CED
Combiner
Firewireto URC
Forwardlinks
Reverselinks
Trafficconnectionto Radio
back
plan
e
backplane
back
plan
eMicro-
processor I
Micro-processor II
Digital shelf Functional overview of the UMTS Channel Unit
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Main functions of the UCU-III
Description of the UCU-III main functions:
Part Function
OneChip CED The OneChip Channel Element Devices (CEDs) supportdata, voice and cell channels (R99/R4 based).
OneChip+ CED The OneChip+ Channel Element Device supports HSDPAand HSUPA. It comprises of a DSP and three FPGAs.
Combiner The Combiner combines user traffic into radio sectorDownlink data stream, and distributes radio sector Uplinkdata to user traffic decoding resources.
Microprocessor The UCU utilizes two Microprocessors which interface toperipheral board components.
Microprocessor I operates call processing for cellchannels, voice and data channels.
Microprocessor II carries out HSDPA and HSUPAscheduling (allocation of uplink or downlink resourcesfor high speed users).
Memory The memory contains resident and application specificdata.
IEEE1394 (Fire Wire) The UCU receives traffic data and control informationfrom the URC via an IEEE-1394 packet bus which iscarried over the backplane.
Ethernet This interface can be used for tests and systemmonitoring operation.
Digital shelf Functional overview of the UMTS Channel Unit
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Mechanical structure of the Common Power Converter...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Front view of the CPCs
There are two types of Common Power Converter (CPC), the CPC-A and the CPC-B.The front of the CPC-A and the CPC-B presents the following features:
Legend:
1 Handle
2 Voltage test points
(newer versions do not have these)
3 Status LED
CPC-A CPC-B
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Functional overview of the Common Power Converter...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Functional overview
The Common Power Converters (CPCs) provide power to the digital shelf. The CPCsconvert the input voltage into the various voltages required by the units in the digitalshelf.
There are two types of CPCs with different output voltages to allow configurations thatdo not have large +5 V or +3.3 V requirements to potentially require fewer CPCs percabinet.
Output voltages
The CPC-A provides
• +5 V / 24 A
• +3.3 V / 30 A.
The CPC-B provides
• +15 V / 7A
• +8.0 V / 12 A
• +1.5 V / 7.5 A.
Output power
Both CPC types are capable of delivering approximately 220 W of power.
Types and quantities
How many and which types of CPC are needed depends on which and how manydigital components are equipped. The voltages and the current consumption of thecomponents are:
Cmp. +15 V +8 V +1.5 V +5 V +3.3 V -48 V Pow. cons.
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Input voltage
For both types (CPC-A as well as CPC-B) either a +24 V DC or a -48 V DC inputvoltage variant can be supplied.
CPC block diagram
Simplified block diagram of the CPC main functions:
Main functions
The output voltages are generated from the input voltage (either -48 VDC or +24 VDC) .The input voltage of a CPC must exceed 21.5 ± 1.0 VDC (+24 VDC type) respectively-41.5 ± 1.0 VDC (-48 VDC type) to enable startup. If the input voltage drops below 18.0±1 VDC or rises above -39.0 ±1 VDC during operation an alarm will be generated andthe CPC will shut down.
All output voltages are connected via load sharing circuitry to power supply buses (onebus for each output voltage) to allow current sharing.
Each output voltage is monitored: If the actual output voltage drops below the “lowvoltage” threshold value (which depends on the nominal output voltage) an alarm isgenerated. This alarm persists until the monitored output voltage rises above thethreshold value again. If the actual output voltage rises above the overvoltage thresholdvalue the CPC attempts a single restart within four seconds. If this restart is successful,the alarm is cleared, otherwise the entire CPC shuts down and the alarm persists.
The CPC also monitors its temperature: If the temperature rises above 78 °C ±2 °C(172.4 °F ±3.6 °F) an overtemperature alarm is generated. If the temperature even
CPC
I2C
VoltageGeneration
LoadSharingCircuitry
Interface
AlarmGeneration
HotInsertionCircuitry
Inventory
-48 Vor
+24 V
Out
put v
olta
ge b
usse
s
Temperaturemonitor
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rises above 83 °C ±2 °C (181.4 °F ±3.6 °F) the CPC shuts down to prevent physicaldamage of the components. If the temperature drops below -10° C ± 5° C (+14 °F ±9°F), the CPC remains operational, but will not start up.
The generated alarms are communicated to the OMC-UPS via an I2C Interface. Bymeans of this interface the OMC-UPS can also access an inventory control devicewhich provides information about the actual hardware in ASCII format.
The CPC connects into the backplane, obviating the need for cabling. As aconvenience when the infrastructure is undergoing maintenance, the CPC is “hotpluggable,” i.e. capable of withstanding a swapping of units while the infrastructure isin the “on” state and without damaging the CPC or other modules within the digitalshelf. This is achieved by special “hot insertion circuitry”.
Digital shelf Functional overview of the Common Power Converter
This section describes the structure of the Common Timing Unit (CTU) and explainsthe basic functions of the individual components.
Contents
Mechanical structure of the Common Timing Unit 6-30
Functional overview of the Common Timing Unit 6-32
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Mechanical structure of the Common Timing Unit...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Variants of the CTU
Currently, the following variants of the Common Timing Unit (CTU) are available:
• CTU w/ GPSThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is used as the timing basis.
• CTU w/o GPSThe timing is derived from an external Oscillator Module (OM).
• CTU-II L6 (AT-OMAM)Asynchronous timing derived from OMA Mezzanine card.
Front view of the CTU
The front of the Common Timing Unit (CTU) presents the following features:
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6 RF connector for GPS input
Front view of the CTU-II L6 (AT-OMAM)
The front of the Common Timing Unit II for asynchronous timing CTU-II L6(AT-OMAM) presents the following features:
Legend:
1 Handle
2 Clock and timing connectors for TDU 1 and TDU 2
3 Status LEDs
4 15 MHz outputs “OUT 0” and “OUT 1”
5 RF connectors for Test output (Pulse and Clock)
5
Digital shelf Mechanical structure of the Common Timing Unit
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Functional overview of the Common Timing Unit...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
CTU functional overview
The Common Timing Unit (CTU) generates all the digital clocks required by thedigital shelf. These clocks are either derived from the network (variant CTU only) orare derived from a free running Oscillator Modules’ (OMs) 15 MHz reference (thevariants CTU and CTU-II L6 (AT-OMAM)).
The CTU can discipline an OM utilizing a network clock reference (derived on theURC from the facilities interface) or GPS as a reference.
Optionally the CTU contains the GPS Receiver and associated electronics used todiscipline the OM using the GPS source.
CTU block diagram
Simplified block diagram of the CTU main functions:
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The CTU-II L6 (AT-OMAM) variant uses a Crystal Oscillator Module Mezzanine card(OMAM) mounted as a sub-assembly on the CTU board.
Main functions
Description of the CTU main functions:
Part Description
Signal Generation The Signal Generation (SG) is carried out by digital logicusing a dedicated field-programmable gate array (FPGA)and a frequency synthesizer sub-circuit. The FPGA isresponsible for providing counters and phase comparatorssuch that the UMTS outputs can be best phase fit viaPLL techniques. The SG provides the UMTS-specificdigital clock outputs to the system via the backplaneconnector.
The CTU generates a 30.72 MHz clock (UCLK), a 10msperiod pulse (UPULSE) and a sinusoid 15MHz clock.
15MHz Generation The 15MHz generation sub-unit is used to generate thesystem 15MHz reference clock. This sub-unit can be partof the CTU board or a sub-assembly (in the form of amezzanine card) for different CTU types.
This 15MHz reference clock supports UMTSasynchronous timing. During operation the OMAM doesnot require disciplining.
Discipline Sub-Unit The DSU consists of counters, phase comparators,pre-scalars, miscellaneous logic and some analog signalconditioning circuitry. The DSU with input from theTime Reference and the network (by way of the URCderived 8 kHz) allows the microcontroller to implement avery low bandwidth FLL (frequency locked loop) withselected OMs where the OM is incorporated intofeedback loops via the OM Interface.
OM Interface The CTU communicates with the OM using serial ports.The CTU can monitor the OM status and discipline theOM frequency via serial port message transfer.
Digital shelf Functional overview of the Common Timing Unit
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Part Description
GPS Interface At customer option a CTU with a Global PositioningSystem (GPS) interface can be provided.
This is a commercial GPS C/A code receiver (RCVR)mounted “daughter board style” on the CTU.
The GPS receiver can supply DC current to an externalGPS antenna high gain low noise amplifier via the GPSRF cable interface.
Microcontroller The microcontroller is the overall control andcommunication manager of the CTU and typically of aCTU/OM couple. In the block diagram, the heavy lineessentially represents the system bus with buffering andtransceiver isolation as required. The microcontroller istypical of microcontroller designs in that it features thestandard array of RAM, NVM and UNVM with a host ofmemory-mapped peripherals.
ARCNET Interface The primary command and control interface to the systemis the so-called ARCNET. The physical layer isimplemented with RS485 transceivers and acustom-integrated circuit while the datalink layer andhigher protocol layers are a function of themicrocontroller’s firmware load.
Power The CTU requires +3.3 V, +5 V and +15 V supply.
Digital shelf Functional overview of the Common Timing Unit
This section describes the structure of the Input Output Unit (IOU) and explains thebasic functions of the individual components.
Contents
Mechanical structure of the Input Output Unit 6-36
Functional overview of the Input Output Unit 6-37
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Mechanical structure of the Input Output Unit...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Front view of the IOU
The front of the Input Output Unit (IOU) presents the following features:
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Functional overview of the Input Output Unit...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
IOU functional overview
The Input Output Unit (IOU) is an assembly that provides the external interface forsignals entering and exiting theFlexent® UMTS base station digital shelf.
External interfaces and functions
The IOU external interfaces and their functions:
Interface Function
User Alarms The IOU receives up to 32 user alarms and converts themfor transport on the I2C bus. The I2C bus runs from theIOU to the URC via the digital shelf backplane.
E1/T1 A total of twelve E1/T1 signals are interfaced by theIOU. Eight E1/T1 signals are provided for the first URC.No E1/T1 provision is allocated for the Redundant URCslots (These redundant slots and the capability foranother four E1/T1 signals are provided for future growthscenarios). Unbalanced E1 signals need to be convertedto balanced E1 signals before entering the IOU.
The IOU includes a relay board which has E1/T1loopback and routing capabilities to a redundantlyconfigured URC.
AMP. AL Amplifier alarms interface
LIU Line Interface Unit, additional Ethernet connection
E1/T1 Config. The IOU receives a bypass signal from each of theURCs. These signals are input into a logic controller todrive relays to either bypass or reroute signals to a spareURC. Three dip switches located on the front panel maybe set to disable the loop-back feature for each of theURCs.
Cab. AL Cabinet alarms interface
Shelf Id. Sel. A hexidecimal rotary switch is located on the front panelto provide a means to manually set the shelf ID.
UDRV Eight relay contacts are provided for customer use. Theserelays are controlled via the I2C Bus. They are in theopen state during system power-up or power fail. Noprotection is provided except for fuses (0.5 A).
Ethernet/Select Ethernets (one for each URC selectable by the switch)
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Interface Function
RS232 Serial port
I2C The URCs provide an I2C bus to the IOU via thebackplane. Two four-port multiplexers are situated in theIOU to expand the capabilities of the bus for the IOU,Radios, Filter Panel, CPCs and AMPs.
RS-485 This interface is provided for antenna tilt. There is oneTX line and two RX lines. The two RX lines aremultiplexed together.
ARCNET Peripheral bus communications to units outside thedigital shelf, as for example the TDU.
Digital shelf Functional overview of the Input Output Unit
This section describes the structure of the Oscillator Modules (OMs) and explains thebasic functions of the individual components.
Contents
Mechanical structure of the Oscillator Module 6-40
Functional overview of the Oscillator Module 6-41
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Mechanical structure of the Oscillator Module...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Front view of the OM
The front of the Oscillator Module (OM) presents the following features:
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Functional overview of the Oscillator Module...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
OM functional overview
The Oscillator Module (OM) provides a highly stable timing reference capable ofbeing disciplined from an external source, such as GPS receiver or network clock.
The versions are:
• Quartz crystal based (OMQ),),legacy equipment from former UMTS releases
• Asynchronous (OMA),quartz crystal based, high performance replacement of the OMQ.
The OM serves as a primary timing source where network timing cannot be deployeddue to network stability not meeting requirement.
The OM can be used as a primary source, or as a secondary (back-up) source, to beused when the primary source has failed.
One set of reference outputs are available. These are the 15 MHz outputs, consistingof two identical outputs which can be either enabled or disabled va the CTU (outputsare either on or off simultaneously).
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This chapter describes the design of the amplifier shelf, as well as the function anddesign of the individual components.
Contents
Overview of the amplifier shelf 7-2
Structure of the amplifier shelf 7-3
Amplifier shelf components 7-5
Power Amplifier Module 7-6
Mechanical structure of the Power Amplifier Module 7-7
Functional overview of the Power Amplifier Module 7-8
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Structure of the amplifier shelf...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Overview
The amplifier shelf provides the power amplifiers for the UMTSFlexent™ OneBTS™
Macrocell, the power distribution panel for the amplifiers and a fan tray to providecooling airflow.
In “Single Fan Tray” configurations the power distribution panel (PDP) is locatedabove the fan tray. In that case the bottom front panel of the amplifier shelf is replacedby an air inlet grid.
Front view of the amplifier shelf
Front view of an equipped amplifier shelf:
Airflow
All amplifier slots not in use must be equipped with blanking panels to enable thecorrect airflow for the specific thermal management.
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The amplifier shelf contains the following hardware components:
Component Description
Fan tray The fan tray contains fans that generate cooling airflow.The fan tray has an indicator LED and a power/alarmsconnector on the front panel. The fan tray vents to therear.
Amplifier module (AMP) The AMP amplifies the RF power of one 5 MHz UTRAcarrier to the required level for transmission (withwideband radios, the AMP supports more than one 5MHz carrier). AMPs can be used in parallel for extrapower capacity.
Passive splitters/combiners parallel two AMPs to increasetransmit power. These splitters/combiners are installeddirectly to the input/output connectors of the AMPs.
Power distribution panel(PDP)
For the AMPs of the amplifier shelf the PDP suppliespower and alarms connections that can be switchedon/off via circuit breakers.
Amplifier shelf
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This section describes the structure of the Power Amplifier Module (PAM) andexplains the basic functions of the individual components.
Variants
Currently two variants of the Power Amplifier Module are available, which areidentical in architecture and functionality, but support different frequency ranges. TheP2PAM is designed to support the 1900 MHz band (PCS) whereas the C2PAMsupports the 850 MHz band.
Contents
Mechanical structure of the Power Amplifier Module 7-7
Functional overview of the Power Amplifier Module 7-8
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Mechanical structure of the Power Amplifier Module...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Front view of Power Amplifier Module
The front of a Power Amplifier Module presents the following features:
Legend:
1 Fastening screws
2 RF connector “IN” for input signal
3 Threaded hole for mounting splitter/combiner
4 Status LEDs
5 Power connector
6 I2C bus connector
7 RF connector “OUT” for output signal
RF IN
RF OUT
ALM
ACT P2PAM
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Functional overview of the Power Amplifier Module...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Overview
The Power Amplifier Module (PAM) is designed to provide maximum linear poweramplification and peak saturated power. Different variants of the Power AmplifierModule are available to support the particular frequency bands of operation and supplyvoltages. All variants will accept either single channel or multiple channel carriers witha maximum input signal bandwidth of 15 MHz nominal and up to 45 MHz extendedbandwidth for predistorted input signals. All variants are identical in architecture andfunctionality.
PAM diagram
Simplified diagram of the PAM main functions:
Gain and phase adjustment
The gain and phase of the PAM are pre-aligned, and temperature compensated, soamplifiers can be parallel combined. The amplifier is also equipped with an input
A1A2
A3
JI
J2
I C bus2
RF Input
Digital Control- Fault- Overdrive sense & alarm- Over temperature alarm
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overdrive circuit that reduces the gain of the amplifier when overdriven at the RFinput.
Power amplification
The power amplification network – designed to minimize ACLR distortion, gainflatness and group delay flatness, maximum Peak Saturated Power – provides anaverage output power of 52 W and provides 43 dB of gain. This amplification networkis temperature compensated and controlled by microcontroller.
Control interface
In case of over-drive conditions an according, recoverable alarm is reported and thePAM protects itself from damage due to over-drive.
In case of over-temperature condition the amplifier reports a recoverable alarm andprotects itself from damage due to over-temperature.
A failure alarm is generated when the amplifier is damaged and is unrecoverable. Thefail alarm is considered critical and thus has priority over all the other alarms. Theovertemperature alarm has second priority (critical). The overdrive alarm has thirdpriority (minor).
The control interface reports all alarms via the I2C bus. Additionally LEDs areilluminated to a continuous or blinking light, depending on state of the PAM
Via the I2C bus the control interface also receives commands to switch on or off theRF power.
Additionally the control interface stores inventory data and the measured coefficientsfor Simplex Digital PreDistortion (SDPD) and Enhanced Digital PreDistortion (EDPD).These coefficients are used to linearize the amplification by external signalpredistortion and are communicated via the I2C bus.
Amplifier shelf Functional overview of the Power Amplifier Module
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This chapter describes the design of the filter shelf, as well as the function and designof the individual components.
Contents
Overview of the filter shelf 8-2
Structure of the filter shelf 8-3
Filter shelf components 8-5
Dual duplexer 8-6
Mechanical structure of the dual duplexer 8-7
Mechanical structure of the dual duplexer with by-pass option 8-8
Functional Overview of the Dual Duplexer 8-9
Secondary Protection Module for URC II Applications Type B 8-13
Mechanical structure of the Secondary Protection Module for URC IIApplications Type B
8-14
Functional overview of the Secondary Protection Module for URC IIApplications Type B
8-15
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Structure of the filter shelf...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Overview
The filter shelf provides the connection of theFlexent® UMTS base station to theantenna cabling. Most filter shelves will be equipped with dual duplexers.
Front view of the filter shelf
Front view of the filter shelf, equipped with dual duplexers:
Filter shelf technical data
The filter shelf technical data:
Parameter Value
Overall width 535 mm (21.06 in.)
Width 515 mm (20.28 in.)
Height 475 mm (18.7 in.)
J6J5J4J3J2J1
J7
CB2CB1
-48VDC
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
J4
J4
1
J2
-C
J2
2-C
J7
J5
J6
J2
4J2
5J2
6
J8 J28
J3
1
J11
DIV
0
DIV
1
LUC
EN
T-C
CX
XX
XX
XX
XX
LUC
EN
T-S
NX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
J4
J4
1
J2
-C
J2
2-C
J7
J5
J6
J2
4J2
5J2
6
J8 J28
J3
1
J11
DIV
0
DIV
1
LUC
EN
T-C
CX
XX
XX
XX
XX
LUC
EN
T-S
NX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
J4
J4
1
J2
-C
J2
2-C
J7
J5
J6
J2
4J2
5J2
6
J8 J28
J3
1
J11
DIV
0
DIV
1
LUC
EN
T-C
CX
XX
XX
XX
XX
LUC
EN
T-S
NX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
J4
J4
1
J2
-C
J2
2-C
J7
J5
J6
J2
4J2
5J2
6
J8 J28
J3
1
J11
DIV
0
DIV
1
LUC
EN
T-C
CX
XX
XX
XX
XX
LUC
EN
T-S
NX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
J4
J4
1
J2
-C
J2
2-C
J7
J5
J6
J2
4J2
5J2
6
J8 J28
J3
1
J11
DIV
0
DIV
1
LUC
EN
T-C
CX
XX
XX
XX
XX
LUC
EN
T-S
NX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
TTLN
ALN
AR
FO
N
J4
J4
1
J2
-C
J2
2-C
J7
J5
J6
J2
4J2
5J2
6
J8 J28
J3
1
J11
DIV
0
DIV
1
LUC
EN
T-C
CX
XX
XX
XX
XX
LUC
EN
T-S
NX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
X
FAC SEC-B(optional)
Circuitbreakers
DualDuplexers(dualband)
DualDuplexers
Filter shelf
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The filter shelf contains the following hardware components:
Component Description
Duplexers The duplexers are used to separate the transmit andreceive frequencies at the antenna port. They also containLow Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) and 3–way power dividersin the receive path. An RF coupler is included at theantenna port to support various forward and reverse RFsignal functions. A variable attenuator is provided to setreceive path gain depending on configuration.
Depending on the Node B configuration up to six dualduplexers may be equiped.
Circuit breakers The circuit breakers provide power protection in the filtershelf.
FAC The Filter Shelf Access Card (FAC) distributes power tothe other filter shelf components. Furthermore, itprovides I2C Bus connection and address routing for thefilter shelf subassembly.
SEC-B The Secondary Protection Module for URC IIApplications Type B (SEC-B) provides lightning surgeand overvoltage protection for the addtional 4 E1/T1interfaces of the URC-II TIM module. The SEC-B is onlyneeded when these interface lines are actually connectedand is replaced by a blanking plate otherwise.
Filter shelf
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Mechanical structure of the dual duplexer...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Front view of the dual duplexer
The front of a duplexer presents the following features:
Legend:
1 LNA alarm and TTLNA indicator LEDs (left for duplexerDIV0, right for duplexer DIV1)
2 TDU port, bidirectional
3 RF connectors for RX (test) signals coupled from antenna port
4 Fastening screws
5 Handle
6 RF connectors for RX (J4 to J6, J24 to J26) and DPD couplerports (J11 and J31)
7 RF connectors for TX signals
8 Power and alarms connector
TTLN
ALN
AR
F O
N
TTLN
ALN
AR
F O
N
J41
J2-C
J22-
C
J7
J4J5
J6
J24
J25
J26
J8 J28
J11
DIV
0
DIV
1
LUCE
NT-S
N XX
XXXX
XXXX
X
LUCE
NT-C
C XX
XXXX
XXX
J31
Filter shelf
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Mechanical structure of the dual duplexer with by-pass option...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Front view of the dual duplexer with by-pass option
The front of the dual duplexer with by-pass option presents the following features:
Legend:
1 LNA alarm and TTLNA indicator LEDs (left for duplexerDIV0, right for duplexer DIV1)
2 TDU port, bidirectional
3 RF connectors for RX (test) signals coupled from antenna port
4 RF connectors for RX out signals (in normal mode jumpered toLNA in)
5 LNA in (RX feeded here in “by-pass RX filter” mode)
6 RF connectors for RX (J4 to J6, J24 to J26) and DPD couplerports (J11 and J31)
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Functional Overview of the Dual Duplexer...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Dual duplexer functional overview
A duplexer is used to separate the transmit and receive frequencies at the antenna port.
The dual duplexer provides the functionality of two duplexers within one compartmentand also contains dual directional test couplers, input coupler, a variable gain LowNoise Amplifier, and optional support for Tower Top Low Noise Amplifiers (TTLNAs).It also provides three RX output connectors per antenna path for antenna diversity.
Many functions are controlled with local firmware circuitry via an Inter IC businterface.
Variants
Dual duplexers are available in several variants, depending on the frequency bandactually used. Variants for colocated sites can by-pass the filter in the RX path. In thatcase the RX signal is feeded from a front side connector directly to the RX splitter.This option is called “By-pass RX filter”. The dual duplexers with by-pass option canbe applied in normal mode too by just fitting a jumper to the according connectors onthe front panel, reconnecting the RX filter again.
Dual duplexer block diagram
Simplified diagram of the dual duplexer’s main functions (here with support forTTLNAs and “By-pass RX filter” option):
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Bandpass filters
The transmit signal of each antenna path is separated from the receive signal by twobandpass filters both of which are connected to the antenna output of the respectiveduplexer. This can be done because uplink (receive) and downlink (transmit) signalsare modulated to different frequency bands.
12U
J34
J33
J41
J2C
J22C
Dual Duplexer
J7
J31
J11
J7
U
TX
INR
X O
UT 1
31
2
LNA J1
J8
J4
J5J6
J14
J13
TX
OU
T /
RX
IN
TX
INR
X O
UT
1
3
LNAJ21
J28
J26
J25J24
TX
OU
T /
RX
IN
ControlInterface
I²C busControl signalRF signalPower supply
PowerSupply &Monitoring
Filter shelf Functional Overview of the Dual Duplexer
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Bias tees and TTLNA DC power supplies
At customer option two DC power supply units are integrated into the duplexer topower feed TTLNAs . The DC power is coupled directly on the respective antenna viaa bias tee.
RF couplers
The coupled ports in the coupler assembly have a coupling loss of 30.0 dB ± 1.0 dBfor the reflected path (closest to antenna) and a coupling loss of 40.0 dB ± 1.0 dB forthe incident path. This loss does not include the filter loss, that is., the nominalattenuation between the filter TX input port and the 30 dB port is 30.0 dB plus the lossof the transmit filter. The 40.0 dB incident coupler value includes the power divider, sothe coupler itself is approximately 37.0 dB.
Low noise amplifiers
To amplify the receive signals to the level required by the following units a low noiseamplifier is integrated in each duplexer’s receive path. The LNA gain is calibrated forworst case receiving conditions. The actual LNA gain is therefore automaticallyreduced when the Filter Panel is set to″TTLNA Present Mode″ via the controlinterface. The RX path LNA gain can be adjusted to compensate for a faulty TTLNAoperating in bypass mode.
In case of an LNA failure, the “LNA Fail” signal is generated, which indicates acatastrophic failure. This signal however is not generated during input overloadconditions.
Attenuators
The gain of each receive path can be varied via electronically controlled variableattenuators. The attenuation ranges from 0 to 12.0 dB, calibrated in steps of 0.5 dB(nominal). The calibration data is written to an EEPROM accessible over the I2Cinterface.
Power supply and monitoring
Each duplexer generates its internally required voltages from the base station +24 V /-48 V power source. The only exceptions are components of the Control Interfacewhich provide status and inventory data via a serial data link. The 3.3 V for these areprovided externally by the Digital Shelf.
Filter shelf Functional Overview of the Dual Duplexer
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Control interface
The control interface provides:
• Filter panels status handling
• Setting of receive path attenuation (0 to 12 dB)
• Enabling of TTLNA power supply
• Programming and retrieval of Inventory Data memory
• Control of panel LEDs.
Power dividers
In each receive path, a one-to-three power divider splits the RF receive signal after thelevel adjustment via the LNA and the attenuator to three output connectors. Thereceive path splitter allows the antenna signal to be connected to multiple radios thatsupport the same sector.
Also the coupled signals from the RF outputs (incident path) are split by one-to-twopower dividers. The antenna port splitter allows local monitoring of the antenna signalvia a faceplate connector, or the signal to be selected for diagnostic testing by the radio(MCR) via a cable from connector J41.
RF switches
Three RF switches allow the control interface to route either the reflected or theincident signal coupled from the RF output of either duplexer to the test outputconnector J41.
Filter shelf Functional Overview of the Dual Duplexer
This section describes the structure of the SEC-B and explains the basic functions.
Contents
Mechanical structure of the Secondary Protection Module for URC IIApplications Type B
8-14
Functional overview of the Secondary Protection Module for URC IIApplications Type B
8-15
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Mechanical structure of the Secondary Protection Module forURC II Applications Type B...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Front view of the SEC-B
The front view of a Secondary Protection Module for URC II Applications Type B(SEC-B) presents the following features:
Legend:
1 Mounting screws
2 Input from TIM module of URC-II (male 25pin Sub-D)
3 Output to TIM module of URC-II (male 25pin Micro Sub-D)
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Functional overview of the Secondary Protection Module forURC II Applications Type B...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
SEC-B functional overview
The secondary protection module prevents damage to internal equipment by protectingagainst lightning surges sneaked through the primary protection and against the powercrosses induced to the unprotected side of the E1/T1 paths without diminishing theinput and output functionality.
A combination of transient voltage suppression devices, such as gas tubes, MOVs, TVSdiodes, positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistors and etc. is used in the circuit toprovide the proper voltage limiting capabilities. An isolation transformer is placedbefore the E1/T1 relays to provide isolation from hazardous voltages (nominally-130Vdc or -48Vdc) that may be present on older E1/T1 circuits.
All E1/T1 paths comply with ANSI T1.403 and ITU-T G.703 for the E1 and T1 signalintegrity before and after surges applied.
Filter shelf
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This chapter describes the additional equipment that can be installed optionally at theNode B site, in or to theFlexent® UMTS Modular Cell Outdoor for +24 V.
Contents
Low Noise Amplifier (DxTMA) 9-2
Mechanical structure of the Forem DxTMA 9-3
Functional overview of the DxTMA 9-4
Technical Data of the Forem DxTMA 9-7
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Mechanical structure of the Forem DxTMA...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Views of the Forem DxTMA
The Forem DxTMA presents the following features:
Legend:
1 Fastening screws
2 Mounting brackets
3 RF connector to antenna
4 Ground connect
5 RF connector to Node B
Lucent
DxTMAANT J1
GND
CAB J2
Optional equipment
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Functional overview of the DxTMA...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
DxTMA functional overview
The UMTS Diplexer Tower Mounted Amplifier (DxTMA) is used in a UMTS RadioSystem to establish an improved system noise figure referenced at the TTLNA ANTconnector and to maintain improved noise figure through the system.
The DxTMA is DC powered via the RF coaxial antenna cable installed between theDxTMA and the Node B.
The alarm status of the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is also transmitted via the RFcoaxial antenna cable.
The DxTMA is proteced against overload and intermodulation distortion generation bythe transmit carriers.
In case of failure the LNA is bypassed.
A µC based circuitry supervises the LNA and generates an alarm in case of failure.
DxTMA block diagram
Simplified block diagram of the DxTMA main functions:
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Function
The transmit and receive signals are separated by appropriate filters. The receive signalis amplified by a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and re-coupled to the common signalpath. The LNA and the µC circuitry are supplied with DC voltage over the feeder cablefrom the Node B; this voltage is coupled out by a bias circuitry.
Part Function
Bias circuitry The DC component of the signal on the feeder cablecoming from the Node B is separated from the RFcomponent in the bias circuitry. The DC voltage forsupplying the amplifier and the controller circuitry isrouted directly to the LNA and µC.
Additionally the alarms generated by the µC are coupledto the feeder cable and routed to the Node B in the biascircuitry.
µC
Optional equipment Functional overview of the DxTMA
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9-5
Part Function
Filters Filters separate and re-couple the transmit and receivesignals from/onto one line. The filters limit the signals tothe transmit or receive bandwidth. Noise andintermodulation products are suppressed in the transmitpath. In the receive path, sidebands, and especially thetransmit signal, are suppressed. This ensures sufficientisolation between the transmit and receive path.
LNA The Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) amplifies the receivesignal.
Switches Driven by the µC circuitry each LNA is bypassed in caseof failure.
VSWR detector The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) detectorgenerates an alarm in case of a faulty or missing antennaconnection reflecting power back into the TTLNA.
µC The micro controller based circuitry (µC) supervises theLNA and the VSWR detector. In case of an LNA failureit bypasses the LNA and generates an according alarm. Italso generates an alarm triggered by the VSWR detector.
Optional equipment Functional overview of the DxTMA
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Technical Data of the Forem DxTMA...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mechanical characteristics
Mechanical data of the Forem DxTMA:
Parameter Value
Dimension (w x h x d) 190 x 250 x 100 mm3 (7.48 x 9.84 x 3.94in.)
Weight 5.6 kg (12.35 lb)
Volume 4.75 liters (0.17 cu.ft.)
RF connectors 7/16″ female
DC characteristics
DC data of Forem DxTMA:
Parameter Value
Supply voltage +10 V to +15 V, +12 V nom.
Current consumption 60 mA to 130 mA, 95 mA typ.
Rx characteristics
Electrical data of Forem DxTMA, receive path:
Parameter Value
Frequency range 1850 to 1910 MHz.
Bandwidth 60 MHz
Gain 13 ± 1.0 dB
Intermodulation products in Rx band < –155 dBm
Noise figure < 2.3 dB
Loss in bypass mode < 3 dB
Output 1 dB ≥ 10 dBm
Output IP3 ≥ +8 dBm
Optional equipment
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Tx characteristics
Electrical data of Forem DxTMA, transmit path:
Parameter Value
Frequency range 1930 to 1990 MHz
Bandwidth 60 MHz
Insertion loss < 0.55 dB
Ripple < ±0.2 dB
Return loss > 18 dB
Rx-Tx rejection > 80 dB
Average operation power 52 dBm
Signal peak power 62 dBm
Environmental characteristics
Environmental data of Forem DxTMA:
Parameter Value
Operating temperature range –40 °C to +65 °C (-40 °F to 149 °F)
Enclosure protection IP65
MTBF > 106 h
EMC compliant with FCC Part 15, Subpart B,and FCC Part 24, Subpart E
Optional equipment Technical Data of the Forem DxTMA
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SCHSynchronization Channel
SDCCHStand-Alone Dedicated Control Channel
SDHSynchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDPDSimplex Digital PreDistortion
SDUService Data Unit
SFSpreading Factor
SFNSystem Frame Number
SIRSignal-to-Interference Ratio
SMSShort Message Service
SMS-CBSMS Cell Broadcast
SNCFSocieté Nationale des Chemins de Fer
SPSwitching Point
SRNCServing Radio Network Controller
SRNSServing Radio Network Subsystem
SS7Signaling System Number 7
SSCSecondary Synchronization Code
Glossary
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GL-17
SSCFService Specific Coordination Function
SSCF-NNIService Specific Coordination Function Network Node Interface
SSCOPService Specific Connection Oriented Protocol
SSCSService Specific Convergence Sublayer
SSDTSite Selection Diversity Transmission
SSSARService Specific Segmentation And Reassembly sublayer
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TDUTest and Diagnostic Unit
TFTransport Format
TFCTransport Format Combination
TFCITransport Format Combination Indicator
TFCSTransport Format Combination Set
TFITransport Format Indicator
TFSTransport Format Set
TMSITemporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
TNTermination Node
TPCTransmit Power Control
TRCHTransport Channel
TSIDTime Switched Transmit Diversity
TTITransmission Timing Interval
TTLTransistor-Transistor-Logic
TTLNATower Top Low Noise Amplifier
TXTransmit
Glossary
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