Date post: | 04-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | shabnum-subhan-katoo |
View: | 229 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 19
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
1/19
Working time
Relevant Eurofound
research and data
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
2/19
PresentationPresentation
Working hours: some stylised facts Work life-balance
Working time flexibility
Gender aspects of working time
Conclusions
Main sources: Fourth European Working Conditions survey (2005),
European Establishment survey on working time / work life balance
(2004-5)
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
3/19
Annual working hours: the historical trendAnnual working hours: the historical trend
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1870 1900 1913 1929 1938 1950 1960 1973 1980 1990 2000
France
Germany
UK
US
Source: Huberman 2003
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
4/19
Working more than 48 hours a weekWorking more than 48 hours a week
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
TR RO EL PL BG HU CZ SK HR LV SI IE MT ES AT LT CH BE PT IT UK CY DK EE DE SE NL LU FI FR NO
Self-employed Employee
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
5/19
Who works long hours ?Who works long hours ?
14.8%
19.9%
8.5% 9.4%
43.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%25%
30%
35%
40%
45%50%
Male Female Employee Self-employed
TOTAL EU27 SEX EMPLOYMENT STATUS
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
6/19
WorkWork--life balancelife balance
80% are satisfied but 40+% of those working long hours are80% are satisfied but 40+% of those working long hours are
not satisfied, working fathers report more dissatisfactionnot satisfied, working fathers report more dissatisfaction
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
45
Very well Well Not very well Not at all well
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
7/19
Dissatisfaction with workDissatisfaction with work--life balance bylife balance by
countrycountry
Do working hours fit in with family or social commitments outside work?
Unsatisfactory work-life fit by country
0
10
20
30
40
50
NO
AT
DK
CH F
I
DE
UK
NL
LU
BE
PT
FR IE
CZ
EU27
SE
MT
SK
CY
LT
EE
ES
HRS
I
RO
BG
HU ITP
LLV
TR
EL
%
30
36
42
48
54
60
hrs
Not very w ell Not at all w ell Weekly hours
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
8/19
Standard hours are preferredStandard hours are preferred
Different schedules and dissatisfaction with work-life fit (%)
(male full-time /female part and full-time)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Daytime, weekday, no long days
Daytime, some weekend work, no long days
Daytime, weekday, some long days
Daytime, some weekend including long days
Daytimeschedulevariants
female p/t male f/t female f/t
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
9/19
Flexibility?....Flexibility?....
Work fixed starting and finishing times by
gender, %
01020304050
607080
EU15 EU15 EU15 EU25
1995 2000 2005 2005
male female total
Source: Fourth European Working Conditions survey
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
10/19
Working time discretion by countryWorking time discretion by country
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
SE NL DK FI AT BE LU UK FR DE IE IT EE SI CZ SK PL ES LV MT LT RO HU EL PT CY BG
Your working hours are entirely determined by yourselfYou can adapt your working hours within certain limits
You can choose between several fixed working schedules
They are set by the company with no possibility for changes
Source: Fourth European Working Conditions survey
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
11/19
FlexiFlexi--time arrangements in the EUtime arrangements in the EU
Datafrom
EFEstablishmentSurv
ey(2005)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
CY
PT
EL
HU
BESI
IT
ES
NL
LU
FR
ALL 21
DK
DE
AT
CZ
IE
PLUK
FI
SE
LV
Possibility to use accumulated hours for longer periods of leavePossibility to use accumulated hours for days offPossibility to accumulate hours, but no full days offPossibilit to var start and end of dail work no accumulation of da s
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
12/19
WhyWhy waswas flexitimeflexitime introducedintroduced??
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
To reduce paid
overtime hours
To make working hours
more adaptable to the
variations in workload
To enable employees
to better combine work
and family or personal life
To cope with commuting
problemsOther reasons Don't know/No answer
Data from EF Establishment Survey (2005)
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
13/19
TheThe effectseffects ofof flexitimeflexitime
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Better adaptationof workloads
Lowerabsenteeism
Higher jobsatisfaction
Other positiveeffects
Communicationproblems
Increased Other negativeeffects
(Positive effects) (Negative effects)
costs
Reduction ofpaid overtime
Data from EF Establishment Survey (2005)
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
14/19
Contactability outside workContactability outside work--hours (byhours (by
phone/email)phone/email)
Contacted outside working hours
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Male
Supervisoryresponsibilities
Female
Male
No supervisory
responsibilities
Female
Every day
At least once a w eek
A couple times of a month or less of ten
Less often
Never
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
15/19
Gender divergence: working hours andGender divergence: working hours and
parenthoodparenthood
Weekly working hours by gender and number ofchildren U-16
25
30
35
40
45
None 1 2 3 4 or more Total
hrs
m f
Source: Fourth European Working Conditions survey
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
16/19
Combined working hours : women work the longestCombined working hours : women work the longest
(EU27 only)
21.3
43.1
40.0
7.3
32.7
7.9
23.0
23.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
male
female
male
female
Part-time
Full-time
Paid working hours main job +Paid working hours second job+Commuting time +Unpaid working hours
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
17/19
ConclusionsConclusions
1. Average working weeks have declined markedly over the last generation more so in the EU than in the US - but one in ten Europeanemployees still report that they usually work over 48 hours per week.
2. Working time flexibility: not as widespread as some might think. More
prevalent in Northern European countries
3. Around 50% of EU establishments have some form of flexitimearrangements; their evaluation of the effects of these arrangements isvery positive. Evidence that it WLB practices improve performance and
time management, reduces absenteeism and facilitates recruitment.
4. The double burden: taking household and labour market work togethergives a very different picture of the relative workloads of men andwomen.
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
18/19
Supplementary slideSupplementary slide
..from ESWT 2004/5
7/31/2019 Flexi Country
19/19
Proportion ofProportion of flexiflexi--timerstimers in thein the companycompany
Data from EF Establishment Survey (2005)
All
80-9060-80%
40-60%
20-40%
Less 20%
No flexi-timeflexi-timeworkers
Sweden
Finland
Austria
Latvia
Germany
Denmark
Ireland
CzechRepublic
Poland
UnitedKingdom
France
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Spain
Italy
Hungary
Belgium
Slovenia
Greece
Portugal
Cyprus
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%