Flexible and efficient coal-fired generation
in relation to EU energy policy
Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Cleaner Electricity
Production from Coal and Other Fossil Fuels
8th Session
UNECE, Geneva
Brian RICKETTS
Secretary-General, EURACOAL
14-15 November 2011
EURACOAL: 35 members from 20 countries COALPRO - Confederation of UK Coal Producers (GBR)
DEBRIV - Deutscher Braunkohlen-Industrie-Verein (DEU)
GVSt - Gesamtverband Steinkohle (DEU)
MMI - Mini Maritza Istok (BGR)
PPC - Public Power Corporation (GRC)
PPWB - Confederation of the Polish Lignite Producers (POL)
ZPWGK - Polish Hard Coal Employer´s Association (POL)
ENEL (ITA)
ZSDNP - Czech Confederation of Coal and Oil Producers (CZE)
APFCR - Coal Producers and Suppliers Association of Romania (ROU)
BRGM - French Geological Service (FRA)
CARBUNIÓN - Federation of Spanish Coal Producers (ESP)
CoalImp - Association of UK Coal Importers (GBR)
D.TEK (UKR)
EPS - Electric Power Industry of Serbia (SRB)
GIG - Central Mining Research Institute (POL)
HBP - Hornonitrianske bane Prievidza (SVK)
ISFTA – Institute for Solid Fuels Technology & Applications (GRC)
Mátrai Kraftwerke (HUN)
PATROMIN - Federation of the Romanian Mining Industry (ROU)
Premogovnik Velenje (SVN)
RMU Banovici D.D. (BIH)
Swedish Coal Institute (SWE)
TKI - Turkish Coal Enterprises (TUR)
Ukrvuglerobotodavtsy - All-Ukrainian Coal Employer„s Association (UKR)
Vagledobiv Bobov dol EOOD (BGR)
VDKI - Verein der Kohlenimporteure (DEU)
Coaltrans Conferences Limited (GBR)
EMAG (POL)
Finnish Coal Info (FIN)
Golder Associates (GBR)
Geocontrol (ESP)
ISSeP - Institut Scientifique de Service Public (BEL)
KOMAG (POL)
University of Nottingham (GBR)
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 2 © EURACOAL, 2011
A new publication from EURACOAL
EU hard coal production: 133 Mt
EU lignite production: 396 Mt
EU coal imports: 188 Mt
Coal and lignite are the European Union’s most important energy resources.
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 3 © EURACOAL, 2011
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
2000 2005 2010
coal
natural gas
hydro
oil
nuclear
CAGR
4.0%
2.8%
2.6%
1.2%
0.7%
Growth rates in primary energy use, 2000-2010
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 4 © EURACOAL, 2011
Absolute world coal demand is growing faster than any other energy source.
source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2011, BP, London
Global energy resources, reserves and use
lignite, 8.1%
hard coal, 69.5%
unconv. gas, 16.9%
natural gas, 1.5%unconv. oil, 2.1%
oil, 0.7% thorium, 0.4%uranium, 0.9%
8.1%
45.0%
0.4%18.3%
7.0%
16.9%
1.0%3.2%
Resources
21 000 Gtce
Reserves
1 400 Gtce
Production
16 Gtce
R/P = 87 years
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 5 © EURACOAL, 2011
sourc
e: A
nnual R
eport
2010 –
Reserv
es, R
esourc
es a
nd
Availa
bili
ty o
f E
nerg
y R
esourc
es, B
undesansta
lt für
Geow
issenschaft
en u
nd R
ohsto
ffe
Fuel sources for electricity generation, 2009
EU-27: 3 178 TWh (15.8%) World: 20 055 TWh
sources: IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2011 and IEA databases
lignite 3.4%
+ hard coal 37.1%
= 40.5%
other
hydro
nuclear
gas oil
lignite 10.6%
+ hard coal 16.1%
= 26.7% other
hydro
nuclear
gas
oil
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 6 © EURACOAL, 2011
Coal-fired generation in selected countries, 2010
* 2009 data for non-OECD countries source: IEA databases
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 7 © EURACOAL, 2011
World commercial energy use to 2030
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 8 © EURACOAL, 2011
source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2011, BP, London
Coal, oil and gas shares converge at around 25-27% in 2030 (others = 7%).
Technologies to reduce global CO2 emissions
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 9 © EURACOAL, 2011
CCS and efficient coal-fired power generation are key future technologies.
source: Energy Technology Perspectives 2010, International Energy Agency, OECD/IEA, Paris
Why is efficiency important?
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 10 © EURACOAL, 2011
A one percentage point (1%-age point) improvement in coal-fired
power plant efficiency would save 0.23 GtCO2 per year – the total
CO2 emissions from the Netherlands and Denmark.
Best practice at all plants would save 1.7 GtCO2 per year.
The energy supply chain: energy resources to meeting consumer needs.
source: Power Generation from Coal - measuring and reporting efficiency performance and CO2 emissions,
OECD/IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board, Paris, 2010.
G8 Gleneagles Summit, 2005
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 11 © EURACOAL, 2011
Scenarios & strategies aimed at a clean, clever & competitive energy future.
G8 leaders agreed to support efforts to improve the efficiency of traditional
coal-fired power stations, through a programme of work by the IEA to identify
and promote the use of leading-edge technology and operating practice.
IEA / CIAB report on power plant efficiency
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 12 © EURACOAL, 2011
International Energy Agency –
Coal Industry Advisory Board
working group: E.ON (lead) , RWE,
VGB PowerTech, EPRI, World Energy
Council, IEA Clean Coal Centre, FEPC,
KETEP, Eskom, J Power, Polish
Ministry of Economy, Rio Tinto, Suek,
Shenhua Coal, Arch Coal, Epcor,
Leonardo Technologies.
Recommendations:
International database of coal-fired
plant efficiency should be established
with non-commercial data reconciled
centrally on a consistent basis.
Global coal fleet efficiency tool –
identify opportunities, future projections.
Energy flows in a typical 500 MW power plant
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 13 © EURACOAL, 2011
source: Power Generation from Coal - measuring and reporting efficiency performance
and CO2 emissions, OECD/IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board, Paris, 2010.
Development of coal-fired power plant efficiency
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 14 © EURACOAL, 2011
source: “Efficiency Improvements in coal-fired power plants”, Dr. Rainer Quinkerz, IEA Workshop on Energy Efficiency and Clean Coal
Technologies, Moscow, 25-27 October 2010
Coal-fired power plant efficiency should rise above 50% in the near future.
Specific CO2 emissions from coal-fired plants
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 15 © EURACOAL, 2011
source: Power Generation from Coal - measuring and reporting efficiency performance and CO2 emissions,
OECD/IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board, Paris, 2010.
Improving efficiency reduces CO2 emissions with certainty and at a low cost.
CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 16 © EURACOAL, 2011
OECDChina
India
state-of-the-art
RD&D
0
500
1000
1500
2000
15% 25% 35% 45% 55%
efficiency (LHV)
gC
O2/k
Wh
SUBCRITICAL SUPER-
CRITICAL
ULTRA-
SUPERCRITICAL / IGCC
Chinese new build
Indian new build
fleet averages
single plants
Rich developed countries are lagging behind the emerging economies.
Parameters that influence efficiency
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 17 © EURACOAL, 2011
Design, fuel selection and location factors:
Cooling medium temperature and system type
Fuel moisture, ash and sulphur content
Ambient temperature
Export/import of heat (cogeneration & CHP)
Use of flue gas desulphurisation and low-NOx combustion systems
Operational factors:
Average load and load factor
Operating regime, transients, unit starts
Maintenance related factors:
Average level of “deterioration” from new
Equipment reliability and availability
Evolution of coal-fired power plant efficiency
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 18 © EURACOAL, 2011
source: Power Generation from Coal - measuring and reporting efficiency performance and CO2 emissions,
OECD/IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board, Paris, 2010.
annual data and 5-year moving averages
State-of-the-art coal-fired power plants
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 19 © EURACOAL, 2011
Genesee 3,
Canada (570°C/570°C, 41.4%)
Isogo New Unit 1,
Japan (600°C/610°C, 42%)
Niederaussem K,
Germany (580°C/600°C, 43.7%)
Nordjyllandsværket 3,
Denmark (582°C/580°C/580°C, 47%)
Younghung,
South Korea (566°C/566°C, 43.3%)
E.ON Wilhelmshaven Kraftwerk 50plus,
Germany (700°C, >50%)
source: Fossil-fired Power Generation – case studies of recently constructed coal- and
gas-fired power plants, OECD/IEA, Paris, 2007.
EURACOAL response to DG Energy consultation
Power plant renewal and modernisation in short term, highest
efficiencies in medium term, strong drive towards CCS in long term.
EU Emissions Trading Scheme: an objective assessment of its
impact on global emissions and EU industry should inform policy
decisions about its future. Introducing “command & control”
emission limits would undermine the scheme.
Energy storage is vital to energy security. The cheapest “virtual”
store of electricity is coal stocks at power plants.
Power system flexibility to balance intermittent renewables
requires flexible backup and incentives, e.g. capacity payments.
Energy efficiency should extend beyond end-use to upstream
efficiency where gains can be large and easily realised.
Biomass co-firing at coal power plants is the most efficient way to
convert biomass into electricity.
DG Energy must balance security, sustainability and affordability.
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 20 © EURACOAL, 2011
Power plant flexibility
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 21 © EURACOAL, 2011
Coal-fired power plants are flexible and complement intermittent renewables.
source: RWE Gas-fired CCGT: 10 MW/min to 38 MW/min ramp rates
Modernisation and CO2 capture & storage
Continuous power plant modernisation and new CCS-ready plants.
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2000 2010 2020
avera
ge C
O2 e
mis
sio
ns p
er
unit o
f ele
ctr
icity
genera
ted a
t coal-
fire
d p
ow
er
pla
nts
(g/k
Wh) world
700°C
CCS
state-of-the-art
EU
4 400 MW Bełchatów power plant, Poland
source: VGB PowerTech e.V., Essen
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 22 © EURACOAL, 2011
Conclusions Coal and lignite are super abundant: 80% of EU fossil fuel reserves.
Coal is No.1 today and will remain an important pillar of competitive
electricity supplies tomorrow.
A balanced energy mix is a winning policy: switching from coal to gas
imposes an enormous economic burden with price and supply risks,
while lower end-use emissions come at the expense of higher
upstream emissions.
Continuous investment is needed to modernise power plants across the
EU – a “clean coal investment strategy” can reduce emissions by one
third from older plants.
CO2 capture & storage (CCS) is a vital part of the international
response to climate change: it is expected to deliver almost 20%
of very ambitious CO2 reductions by 2050.
EURACOAL supports the European Commission’s efforts to demonstrate
a wide range of CCS technologies, including in heavy industry.
Governments should guarantee non-discriminatory access to a CO2
transport infrastructure and ensure sufficient CO2 storage capacity
in the future.
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 23 © EURACOAL, 2011
Thank you!
Brian RICKETTS, Secretary-General
European Association for Coal and Lignite AISBL
168 avenue de Tervueren, Bte 11
BE-1150 Brussels
Belgium
ricketts euracoal.org
www.euracoal.org
