Flexible Packaging Terms

8/13/2019 Flexible Packaging Terms

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Identification of PVC, PP, BOPP, LLDPE, LDPE and HDPE films

1. Distinguishing characteristics

1.1 BOPP, TQPP film as well as PVC rigid film is clear

1.2. PVC rigid film when ignited by simle match stic! will n"t catch fire "r if it d"es it will e#tinguish immediately. On the

"ther hand BOPP $ TQPP films w"uld easily catch fire immediately

1.% P& films are less clear 'n fact (DP& film is alm"st "a)ue "r *ery ha+y. Thus clarity can be "ne easy meth"d t"

segregate these films

1. P& films are fle#ible and ha*e l"w m"dulus and brea!ing strength -hile PP film is m"re rigid and has l"wer el"ngati"n.

PVC rigid film will be the m"st rigid am"ng all these films. 't is easy t" uncture PVC rigid film while DP& $ DP& film is

the m"st difficult 't will ha*e g""d uncture resistance.1./ Thic!ness "f BOPP film as well as rigid PVC film will be usually be l"wer c"mared t" D0DP& films. (DP& film

articularly that made fr"m (DP& will be l"wer c"mared t" "ther P& films

1. PVC has higher density 31.%/41.5 c"mared t" while PP film has the l"west 36.765. DP&0DP& has 6.72 density. (DP&

film will ha*e 6.7 densities. Thus if these films are ut in water all e#cet PVC will fl"at while PVC will sin! because it is

hea*ier than water.

1.8 BOPP film will ha*e the best thic!ness distributi"n acr"ss the entire length 3295 while all "ther films beingred"minantly r"duced by e#trusi"n bl"wn film r"cess will ha*e higher thic!ness distributi"n 3Tyically 1695

2. These films can be easily identified by whether they sin! in water "r fl"at. :urther burning "f film will searate PVC

fr"m the remaining "nes.

%. Clarity will identify and segregate PP film


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. 'T is difficult t" segregate DP& and DP& film fr"m "ne an"ther

/. (DP& film being ha+iest can be segregated fr"m "ther P& films by clarity

. T" c"nfirm the nature "f film "nly analytical tests w"uld be re)uired which w"uld need lab"rat"ry facilities.

8. :"r end users it is feasible t" send film t" indeendent testing lab in 'ndia such as ''P "r C'P&T

Flexible Packaging Materials


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bbre!iation "eneric #ameCommon $rade #ame

BOPP Bia#ially Oriented P"lyr"ylene

BO# Bia#ially Oriented ;yl"n

C Cellul"se lyc"l

PL P"ly actic


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Bagg), Bagginess

3a5 'n r"cessing fle#ible ac!aging materials, slac! areas in the web that sh"uld be flat. ?sually caused by bands

"f une)ual thic!ness 3gauge bands5 in the r"ll st"c!. 3b5 < r"ll in which the tensi"n is n"t e*en acr"ss the width

"f the r"ll. < slac! fl"y area in the web is caused by the material being stretched and ermanently el"ngated

in the tighter areas. "lls "f film "r laminate where "ne side "f the material c"ming "ff the r"ll is l""se "r baggy

while the ""site edge is tight is said t" ha*e a baggy edge.

Barex < trade name f"r acryl"nitrile lastic.

Barrier

'n ac!aging, this term is m"st c"mm"nly used t" describe the ability "f a material t" st" "r retard the assage

"f atm"sheric gases, water *a"r, and *"latile fla*"r and ar"ma ingredients. < barrier material is "ne that is

designed t" re*ent, t" a secified degree, the enetrati"ns "f water, "ils, water *a"r, "r certain gases, as

desired. Barrier materials may ser*e t" e#clude "r retain such elements with"ut "r within a ac!age.

Base Film The "riginal f"rm in which a film e#ists bef"re c"ating "r laminating.

Biaxial Orientation

Orientati"n "f lastic films in b"th machine and cr"ss machine 3trans*erse5 directi"ns by stretching. Bia#ial

stretched films are generally well balanced in b"th directi"ns and much str"nger in terms "f tear strength.

Bleed


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The lightness "r dar!ness "f a c"l"r. < c"l"r may be classified as e)ui*alent t" s"me member "f a series "f

shades ranging fr"m blac! t" white. The "ther tw" fundamental characteri+ers "f c"l"r are hue and saturati"n.

Com*atibilit)

The ability "f a c"ntainer "r material t" resist chemical degradati"n "r hysical change caused by the r"duct,

"r where a c"ntainer "r material d"es n"t chemically degrade "r hysically change the c"ntained r"duct.

Conformabilit)

The ability "f a material t" be bent "r shaed ar"und a f"rm with"ut being damaged "r marred in any way.

Corona $reatment

< treatment t" alter the surface "f lastics and "ther materials t" ma!e them m"re receti*e t" rinting in!s.

Cross-Linking

< film c"n*ersi"n techni)ue in which "lymer chains are b"und int" a web "r netw"r! t" increase the webGs heat

stability and strength.

Co-Monomer

< m"n"mer that is mi#ed with "ne "r m"re "ther m"n"mers f"r a "lymeri+ati"n reacti"n, t" ma!e a c""lymer.

C+rl

The tendency "f a aer sheet t" curl as humidity c"nditi"ns change due t" the hygr"e#ansi*e nature "f aer.

< aer sheet that is identical in c"nstructi"n "n each side will e#and and c"ntract as humidity changes with


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little tendency t" curl. ("we*er if the sheet is rinted, *arnished, "r laminated t" a lastic film "r a f"il, then

the tw" sides will ha*e different e#ansi"n and c"ntracti"n rates and the aer will curl as the humidity changes

fr"m the c"nditi"ns when the rinting, *arnishing "r laminating were d"ne. The greater the humidity difference,

the greater the curl.

C+rtain Coating

< meth"d "f alying wa# "r "ther c"ating t" a material where the material is assed thr"ugh a free4falling

curtain "r film "f the fluid c"ating.

C+t Edge

The unc"*ered edge "f a laminated r"duct. :"r e#amle a high4barrier aer0f"il laminate made int" ahermetically4sealed cart"n using la seals w"uld ha*e an e#"sed cut edge "f aerb"ard thr"ugh which "#ygen

c"uld still ermeate int" the r"duct. =uch edges are "ften s!i*ed and f"lded bac! "n themsel*es t" seal the cut

edge.

C+t off

ln web4fed r"cessing, the cut "r rint length c"rres"nding t" the circumference "f the late cylinder.

Deck Term used m"stly in fle#"grahic rinting t" describe a single rint stati"n with late,imressi"n cylinders, and in!ing r"lls.

Degradation < change "r brea!4d"wn in a materialGs chemical structure.

Delamination


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=earati"n "r slitting "f laminate layers caused by lac! "f "r inade)uate adhesi"n, "r by mechanical disruti"n

such as eeling "r shearing f"rces.

Directionalit)

The tendency f"r certain materials t" ha*e r"erties imarted by the fl"w directi"n thr"ugh a machine.

Dot gain

< hysical and0"r "tical measurement and the"retical calculati"n "f the aarent increase in d"t area fr"m "ne

medium t" an"ther. ;"rmally e#ressed as the difference between a midt"ne 3n"minal /695 d"t area "n a film

negati*e and the rinted d"t areaH f"r e#amle, a /69 film d"t area which rints as a 8A9 d"t has 2A9 d"t gain.

D"t gain 3and l"ss5 are n"rmal and must be c"ntr"lled thr"ugh"ut the ress and rinting r"cess.

Dra1

ln fle#ible ac!aging laminates, the distance that a web tra*els between su"rting r"lls.

Dra1do1n

< swatch "f c"l"r "r c"ating made by sreading a small am"unt "f in! "r *arnish acr"ss a sheet "f material. ade

f"r *isual c"maris"n t" a standard c"l"r swatch "r chi.

Et)lene cr)lic cid .E0

&


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Et)lene-Et)l cr)late .EE0

The c""lymeri+ati"n "f ethylene with ethyl acrylate r"duces an ethylene acid c""lymer. The "lymers are

r"duced with *arying ercentages "f acrylate c"ntent, m"st tyically between 1/ and %69. &&< is c"matible

with all "lefin "lymers and "ften is blended with these t" m"dify r"erties. &&< is used in h"t4melt

f"rmulati"ns. lt als" can be used al"ne "r as a c"m"nent "f heat4sealable c"atings where it "ffers imr"*ed

t"ughness at l"w temeratures, e#cellent adhesi"n t" n"n"lar substrates, and a br"ad ser*ice temerature

range. &&< is used as a tie layer between mating laminate films.

Et)lene-Met)l cr)late .EMC0

The c""lymeri+ati"n "f ethylene with methyl acrylate r"duces an ethylene c""lymer, "ne "f the m"st

thermally stable "f the "lefin c""lymers. The "lymers are r"duced with *arying ercentages "f methyl

acrylate c"ntent, m"st tyically between 1 A and 2"0" "f the structure.


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Can be regarded as a c""lymer "f "lyethylene in which *arying am"unts "f the 4O( functi"nal gr"u ha*e been

inc"r"rated. < tyical ac!aging &VO( is ab"ut 26 t" %/9 ethylene. &VO( is "ne "f the best "lymeric "#ygen

barriers a*ailable t" ac!agers. ("we*er, its suscetible t" water re)uires that f"r m"st alicati"ns it be

laminated "r c"4e#truded int" a r"tecti*e sandwich with materials that will !ee the &VO( layer away fr"m

water.

Extr+sion

The r"cess "f f"rming a therm"lastic film, c"ntainer, "r r"file by f"rcing the "lymer melts thr"ugh a shaed

"rifice.

Extr+sion Coating

< r"cess where a film "f m"lten "lymeric material is e#truded "nt" the surface "f a substrate material and

c""led t" f"rm a c"ntinu"us c"ating.

Extr+sion Lamination

< laminating r"cess in which indi*idual layers "f multi4layer ac!aging materials are laminated t" each "ther by

e#truding a thin layer "f m"lten synthetic resin 3such as "lyethylene5 between the layers.

E)e Mark (egister

< rinted rectangular mar! m"st "ften f"und al"ng the edge "f webst"c! that can be identified by an electric

eye. The mar! identifies a "int "n the web where an indi*idual ac!age is t" be cut.

Film >enerally used t" describe a thin lastic material usually n"t m"re than 8/ micr"metres 36.66% inch5thic!.


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Finising


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Fo+r-Color Process

Printing with cyan, yell"w, magenta, and blac! in! 3CJK5 using halft"ne screens t" create a full c"l"r

rer"ducti"n.

Fo+r-%ide-%eal *o+c

< "uch with seals al"ng all f"ur edges. :"ur4side4seal "uches can be made fr"m a single st"c! "r the fr"nt and

bac! can be different st"c!s. The "uches are m"st c"mm"nly made "n multilane "uch4f"rming machines where

1 "r m"re "uches can be laced acr"ss the width "f the web. gas chr"mat"grahy


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"a+ge Thic!ness. 'n ;"rth Ps ha*e been f"rmali+ed and are

re)uired by law f"r critical industries such as f""d and harmaceutical ac!aging. Tyically these >Ps describe

the !ind "f e)uiment t" be used, its *alidati"n, manufacturing r"cedures, insecti"n tyes and fre)uencies,

rec"rd !eeing, c"ntainer tyes and ar"*als, and registrati"n "f c"many and r"duct.

"ra!+re Printing

>ra*ure is abbre*iated fr"m the term r"t"gra*ure. During gra*ure rinting an image is etched "n the surface "f

a metal cylinder and chr"me lated f"r hardness. The in! fills the cells and is transferred "nt" the rinting

substrate.

"+sset

The f"ld in the side "r b"tt"m "f the "uch, all"wing it t" e#and when c"ntents are inserted

HDPE

(igh density, 36.7/46.7/5 "lyethylene. (a*e much higher stiffness, higher temerature resistance and much

better water *a"r barrier r"erties than DP&, but it is c"nsiderably ha+ier.


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Heat-%eal Coating


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Lidding, Lidstock

aterial "r st"c! used t" f"rm a lid. :"r e#amle, materials that can be heat4sealed "*er the "en ends "f

harmaceutical tablet blister cards.

Ligt (esistance

The ability "f material t" withstand e#"sure t" light 3usually sunlight "r the ultra*i"let art "f the light

sectrum5 with"ut change "f c"l"r "r l"ss "f hysical and0"r chemical r"erties.

LLDPE

inear l"w density "lyethylene. T"ugher than DP& and has better heat4seal strength, but has higher ha+e.

Macinabilit)

The ability "f a film t" run "n ac!aging e)uiment.

Macine Direction .MD0

The directi"n that film m"*es thr"ugh the ac!aging e)uiment.

Man+fact+ring $olerance

Permissible *ariati"ns fr"m rated "r mar!ed caacities "r dimensi"ns established by standards "r secificati"ns

f"r th"se.

MDPE


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ylar is a registered trademar! "f the DuP"nt4Teiin C"r"rati"n. 's the industrial brand name f"r that

c"r"rati"nMs "lyester 3P&T5 film. P"lyester film is a stale "f multi4layer ac!aging f"r a wide *ariety "f

alicati"ns.

#eo*rene

< synthetic chl"rinated butadiene rubber used t" ma!e fle#"grahic r"llers resistant t" alc"h"ls, Cell" s"l*e,

water, alihatic hydr"carb"ns, and esters.

#)lon

P"lyamide resins, with *ery high melting "ints, e#cellent clarity and stiffness. Tw" tyes are used f"r films 4

nyl"n4 and nyl"n4. The latter has much higher melt temerature, thus better temerature resistance, but

the f"rmer is easier t" r"cess, and it is cheaer. B"th ha*e g""d "#ygen and ar"ma barrier r"erties, but they

are ""r barriers t" water *a"r.

Off-C+t

Trim that is n"t utili+ed. 'n fle#ible ac!aging, a narr"w r"ll "f material left "*er when an material "rder d"es

n"t call f"r the full r"ll width. ="metimes called a butt r"ll.

OPP

Oriented PP 3"lyr"ylene5 film. < stiff, high clarity film, but n"t heat sealable. ?sually c"mbined with "ther

films, 3such as DP&5 f"r heatsealability. Can be c"ated with PVDC 3"ly*inylidene chl"ride5, "r metali+ed f"r

much imr"*ed barrier r"erties.


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;"n4rint area where the tw" ends "f fle#" late butt t"gether after being wraed ar"und the late cylinder

"n the rinting ress.

PM% #+mber The Pant"ne atching =ystem is the uni*ersally acceted c"l"r definiti"n system. C"l"rs canbe blended "r indi*idually secified t" match a secified Pant"ne reference c"l"r e#actly.

Pol)et)lene Film .PE0

ade in high density, l"w density and linear l"w density and metall"cene *ariati"ns. By far the largest *"lume

ac!aging film family.

Pol) .Et)lene $ere*talate0 Film .PE$0

P"lyester, 3P"lyethylene Terehtalate5. T"ugh, temerature resistant "lymer. Bia#ial "riented P&T film is used

in laminates f"r ac!aging, where it r"*ides strength, stiffness and temerature resistance. 't is usually

c"mbined with "ther films f"r heat sealability and imr"*ed barrier r"erties.

Pol)olefin

:amily name f"r the "lymers 3lastics5 deri*ed by ethylene and r"ylene, such as "lyethylene 3P&5 and

"lyr"ylene 3PP5

Pol) Pro*)lene Film .PP0

?nrented film is s"ft and clear but brittle at l"w temeratures. This r"erty as well as stiffness, strength and

clarity are imr"*ed by "rientati"n.

Po+c


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< small bag usually c"nstructed by sealing "ne "r tw" flat sheets al"ng the edges. There is n" clear distincti"n

between a "uch and a sachet "ther than the c"mm"n understanding that a sachet is smaller.

Primer Coat

< c"ating alied "*er a substrate f"r the ur"se "f imr"*ing an in! "r adhesi*e b"nd.

Process Color

C"l"r rinting created by searating the c"y int" the rimary c"l"rs t" r"duce indi*idual halft"nes "f each

c"l"r that are rec"mbined at the ress t" r"duce the c"mlete range "f c"l"rs "f the "riginal. Pr"cess rinted

h"t"grahic rer"ducti"n w"uld n"rmally be d"ne with cyan, magenta, yell"w and blac! 3CJK5 in!s.

PVDC

P"ly *inylidene chl"ride. < *ery g""d "#ygen and water *a"r barrier, but n"t e#tricable, theref"re it is f"und

rimarily as a c"ating t" imr"*e barrier r"erties "f "ther lastic films, 3such as OPP and P&T5 f"r ac!aging.

PVDC c"ated and MsaranNc"ated are the same.

(egister

act alignment "f "ne art "r "erati"n with an"ther art "r "erati"n.

(elease Coating

< c"ating alied t" the n"n4sealing side "f c"ld4sealable ac!aging films and laminates sulied in a r"ll f"rm

that will all"w the ac!er t" unwind these films "r laminates "n ac!aging machines.

(etort


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="lid c"l"rs n"t created by using screens. ?sually a Pant"ne atching =ystem 3P=5 c"l"r.

%tand-+* Po+c

< fle#ible "uch design where the b"tt"m "rti"n has been gusseted in such a way that that it r"*ides a wideen"ugh base t" r"*ide su"rt s" the "uch is able t" be st""d u f"r dislay "r use.

%tick Pack

< narr"w fle#ible ac!aging "uch c"mm"nly used t" ac!age single4ser*e "wder be*erage mi#es such as fruit

drin!s, instant c"ffee and tea and sugar and creamer r"ducts.

%tick) Back

D"uble4faced adhesi*e4c"ated material used f"r m"unting elast"meric rinting lates t" the late cylinder.

%+rface Print

The r"cess whereby the in! is de"sited directly "nt" the "uterm"st surface "f the ac!aging film "r material.

The r"cess is m"st c"mm"nly used in sh"rt run rinting. < ?V 3ultra*i"let5 c"ating may be added t" r"*ide a

hard e#teri"r finish that re*ents the in! fr"m fla!ing "r chiing.

$ear (esistance

The ability "f a film t" resist the r"agati"n "f a tear.

$ensile %trengt

The am"unt "f ull a film can withstand with"ut tearing aart "r stretching.


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$ermoforming

< meth"d "f f"rming lastics where a lastic sheet is heated t" a "int where it is s"ft and f"rmable.

$reading

The lacing "f a web material thr"ugh the *ari"us r"lls and stati"ns "f any web4fed ress such as a rinter "r

laminat"r in rearati"n f"r r"ducti"n.

$ree-%ide-%eal Po+c

< "uch that is f"rmed by f"lding the web material int" a ?4shae and then sealing the three "en sides. The

"uch may be made with a gusseted b"tt"m. Three4side4seal "uches are tyically made "n h"ri+"ntal f"rm4fill4

seal machines.

$ie La)er

< material that b"nds tw" inc"matible layers in a c" e#trusi"n.

$rans!erse Direction .$D0

The directi"n erendicular t" the machine directi"n.

$ra**ing

'n rinting, in!s may be "*erlaed slightly by increasing the image si+e t" ensure that n" substrate sh"ws

thr"ugh within the register *ariati"ns "f the rinting ress.


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$+nneling

< laminating defect caused by inc"mlete b"nding "f the substrates.

'nit-Dose Package .'DP0

< harmaceutical ac!age that h"lds indi*idual items "f use. < c"mlete unit4d"se ac!age may h"ld a number "f

discrete items, but each unit "f use must be released indi*idually fr"m the ac!age, generally in a n"n4resealable

manner.

Va*or Barrier

< layer "f material thr"ugh which water *a"r will ass "nly sl"wly, "r n"t at all.

Void


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5i**er *o+c

< fle#ible lastic "uch with a m"lded4in4lace sealing de*ice wherein a r"ecting rib "r fin is inserted int" a

mating channel t" affect a cl"sure. < +ier seal can be reeatedly "ened and cl"sed.

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Flexible Packaging Terms

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