Flight No.: B244 Date: 19 September 2006 Take Off 09:06:08Z Landing: 13:47:13Z FLIGHT FOLDER Flight Time 4h41m05s Campaign: AMPEP Operating Area: South and East coasts of England POB Position Name Institute 1 Captain Alan Foster DFL 2 Co-pilot Ian Ramsay-Rae DFL 3 CCM Dawn Quinn DFL 4 Mission Scientist Eiko Nemitz CEH Edinburgh 5 Flight Manager Mo Smith FAAM 6 Core Chemistry Doug Anderson FAAM 7 Cloud Physics / CCM2 Kate Turnbull FAAM 8 Filters Jamie Trembath FAAM 9 Bag Filler 1 Colin MacDonald CEH Edinburgh 10 Bag Filler 2 Debbie Polson CEH Edinburgh 11 PERCA Dan Brookes University of Leicester 12 WAS Stephen Humphrey University of East Anglia 13 NOXY Dave Stewart University of East Anglia 14 AMS Keith Bower University of Manchester 15 16 17 18 19 20 Flight Track:
Transcript
Flight No.: B244 Date: 19 September 2006Take Off 09:06:08Z Landing: 13:47:13Z
FLIGHT FOLDER
Flight Time 4h41m05s
Campaign: AMPEP Operating Area: South and East coasts of England POB Position Name Institute
1 Captain Alan Foster DFL 2 Co-pilot Ian Ramsay-Rae DFL 3 CCM Dawn Quinn DFL 4 Mission Scientist Eiko Nemitz CEH Edinburgh 5 Flight Manager Mo Smith FAAM 6 Core Chemistry Doug Anderson FAAM 7 Cloud Physics / CCM2 Kate Turnbull FAAM 8 Filters Jamie Trembath FAAM 9 Bag Filler 1 Colin MacDonald CEH Edinburgh 10 Bag Filler 2 Debbie Polson CEH Edinburgh 11 PERCA Dan Brookes University of Leicester 12 WAS Stephen Humphrey University of East Anglia 13 NOXY Dave Stewart University of East Anglia 14 AMS Keith Bower University of Manchester 15 16 17 18 19 20
Mission Scientist: Eiko Nemitz, CEH Date : 19-September-2006 Outline schedule: 06:00 – Power to aircraft – warm-up 08:00 – Briefing 09:15 – Clear aircraft and security check 09:30 – Doors close 10:00 – Take off Cranfield 14:30 – Land Cranfield 15:00 – Debrief 17:00 – Power down Location: A coastal transect of the South and East Coast of England Sortie Aims: To measure the UK pollutant budget of a range of gases and aerosols leaving the UK in WSW airflow over the UK. The objective, in addition to measuring the export fluxes of pollutants is to derive the chemical processing (gas/aerosol partitioning & oxidation state) of the air mass. Sortie Summary: The budget measurements will be obtained by flying off the South and East coasts along a coastal transect beginning in the Bristol Channel to sample background air off the coast of Cornwall. The transect of the UK outflow begins along the English Channel heading East to Dover then North to the point where airflow off the land stops, which according to current forecasts is North Yorkshire. Vertical profiles (250 – 6000 ft) once upwind in the Bristol channel and downwind of the source region off the Northumberland coast on the Southbound leg will provide the vertical structure in concentration and meteorology. These should clearly extend into the free troposphere (Mission Scientist to verify from profiles of humidity, temperature and CO. These measurements will establish the upwind concentration, the concentration differential at the top of the boundary layer and the concentration in the outflow from the source region. Flight ceiling will be 10000ft. Cabin pressure will be maintained at 1200ft, to minimize expansion of the Tedlar bags. Sortie Detail with approx timing a) Take off Cranfield 10:00 and climb to 10000 ft for transit east to operating area, towards waypoint 37
in the Bristol Channel; cleaning of filter system (purge without filters loaded); NOXY calibration. Descend to 1000 ft as soon as possible into Bristol Channel, initiated over land; start of filter pack background run.
b) T+35: Cross Devon/Cornwall at 5000 ft. c) T+45: Stop of filter-pack background run. Descending upwind profile down to define the boundary
layer structure off the coast with 1 min sampling at each height (2000, 500, 250) d) T+60: Return to 1000 ft for sampling..
Start of filter run No 1. Start of continuous bag sampling (1 bag every min) continue all the way up the east coast. Approximately 30-minute filter pack runs from here (called by Mission Scientist)
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e) T+ 200 U-turn off the Northumberland coast into wind, f) T + 220 Profile when forced to climb for transit (dip down to 250, 500, 2000, 4000, 6000). g) T + 235 NOxy calibration at 10000ft; filter blank (filter loaded without sampling) h) T+ 270 Land Cranfield
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Crew List: 1. Pilot 1 - Alan Foster 2. Pilot 2 – Ian Ramsay-Rae 3. CCM – Dawn Quinn 4. CCM2/Core Chemistry – Doug Anderson 5. Cloud Physics – Jamie Trembath 6. Flight Manager – MS 7. Mission Scientist – Eiko Nemitz 8. Bag Sampling 1 – Alan McDonald 9. Bag Sampling 2 – Debbie Polson 10. Filters – Jamie Trembath 11. AMS – Keith Bower 12. NOxy – Dave Stewart 13. WAS – Stephen Humphrey 14. PERCA -
Instrumentation strategies & issues: Filter sampling: Filters will be taken throughout the flight. Filter pack 1 will contain a Teflon filter for trace metal analysis. Filter pack 2 will contain a Teflon prefilter (for major ion analysis), a nylon filter (for HNO3 & HCl) and an acidified paper filter (for NH3). Filters will be changed approximately every 30 minutes or when flight conditions change (as advised by the Mission Scientist). Filters are preloaded into cartridges, which need to be handled with gloves and stored in sealed bags immediately. Filter sampling will be suspended during vertical profiles and resumed when FL10 is re-attained. During breaks, filter packs will be isolated by switching off the pump (to minimise evaporation of volatile aerosol components). During initial transfer to the operating area, the sampling should be set to sampling at the earliest opportunity after T/O, without filters loaded (to aid cleaning of the system). On the transit back, a set of filters should be loaded into the filter packs, without sampling, to provide a field blank value. AMS: The AMS will be operated continuously during the flight. Monitored masses will include m/z 16, 18, 28, 30, 43, 44, 46, 57 and 64. The inlet remains closed until airborne to minimize contamination during taxi take-off. Core Chemistry: CO, SO2, NO and NO2 will be measured continuously during the flight. CO will be calibrated every 30 minutes at 1000ft. Tedlar bags: Tedlar bags will be filled at a flow rate of 6 lpm, filling a bag over a duration of 30 s. Bags will be filled every 3 minutes upwind and every minute downwind of the source region and during each leveling out for a profile step. Bags should be filled to about 90% of their capacity to maximise sample volume. The cabin pressure will be tightly controlled. Bags from first part of flight can be stored in cargo hold for second part. Aerosol & cloud physics: CN and PCASP are operated continuously. Core meteorology & state: Are recorded as standard. Video recording of front facing and downfacing cameras. TDL for CH4 and CO2: to be operated NOXY: will be operated during the flight. HNO3 channel will be tested and is not considered reliable. PERCA: will be operated Quick-look data: pressure height, lat, long, temp, RH, CN, SO2, NO, NO2, O3, CO
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19/09/06 14:00 radar
Mission Scientist’s Debrief
Flight No : B244 Date : 19/09/2005 Name : Eiko Nemitz, CEH 1. Assessment of the flight The flight proceeded according to the planned route and after T/O at 9:06 started with a transit to the Bristol Channel at FL100 for NOxy calibration and purging of the filter system (without filters loaded). After sampling at 1000 ft for about 15 mins in the Bristol Channel (from 09:47 – 10:03), Devon was crossed at an altitude of 5500 ft. On the ascend scattered cloud was penetrated between 2500-4000 ft. A filter-pack run was started in the Bristol channel and continued during this crossing. At the English Channel coast a stepped down profile was flown (5500, 2000, 500, 250, 1000), followed by a run anticlockwise along the coast, at 1000 ft, up to the Farne Islands. Here a further stepped profile was flown (1000, 250, U-turn at 250, 500, 2000, 3800, 6000, 10000), followed by a transit flight back at FL100 for NOxy calibration and filter-pack background run. Filters were exposed along the Channel, and two further runs up along the East Coast. Concentrations were very clean in the Bristol Channel, with neither NOx, SO2 nor CO showing major gradients. Small plumes were encountered on reaching the English Channel although shipping activity was low in the west part. Further plumes of NOx and SO2 were seen along the channel, which could sometimes be associated with individual ships. Along the Channel, background levels started to increase just before Dover (most clearly seen in CO), with an associated decrease in O3. The London plume was clearly sampled in the outflow and its location matched the model prediction well. The Teesside / Midlands plume was smaller with a more variable ratio of the different components. Towards the end of this plume, concentrations of CO and SO2/NOx decreased suddenly, coinciding with a decrease in PCASP counts and improvement in visibility, indicating that the north part of the country was under the influence of a different air mass. There were several noteworthy instrumentation issues during this flight: a) The AMS signal was dubious and post-flight assessment needs to reveal whether useful data were
obtained (the post-flight calibration appears to have worked). b) The pressure in the WAS bottles did not appear to go down during sampling and they may not have
been filled. c) There was an issue (possible electrical connection) with the TDLAS – the harddisk failed. d) The CPC (part of the AMS setup) was not logged for a short time (probably about 30 minutes) as the
logging program crashed. e) The flow rates for the filters were very irregular and sometimes larger through the filter holder with the
smaller number of filters (and thus smaller resistance). Post-flight checks will need to reveal whether there is a problem with the mass flow meter.
f) The NOxy instrument had a high background initially. g) Fluctuations were observed on the PCASP concentration, especially towards the later part of the flight.
This may be due to the lowest channels which are usually discarded in the data analysis. 2. Summary of the weather conditions There was a high-level light broken Cirrus layer, together with local scattered cloud, which was stronger in the Bristol Channel, almost absent over the English Channel and the North Sea. A brief shower was encountered at 12:19 and another spotted inland at 12:13. Visibility was hazy with an ill-defined horizon in the SW and improved throughout the flight to the NE. The wind was steady from WSW with wind speeds at 1000 ft ranging between 6 and 15 m/s.
To add screengrabs to this two column document click on the Internet Explorer window you want to save, ALT + PRNT SCRN (one key in from top left on keypad) To paste into this document press CTRL + V Tephi on T/O:
Nox profile on T/O:
SO2 profile on T/O
CO Profile on T/O:
Tephi descent into Bristol Channel:
CO2 profile
Nox profile descent Bristol channel:
SO2 profile descent Bristol Channel:
Tephi out of Bristol Channel:
CO2 profile out of Bristol Channel:
Nox profile out of Bristol Channel:
SO2 profile out of Bristol Channel:
Descent profile into English Channel – Tephi:
Descent profile into English Channel – CO:
Descent profile into English Channel – NOx:
Descent profile into English Channel – SO2:
Along Channel (up to WP 43):
East Coast To WP 77:
Profile NE – Tephi:
CORE CHEMISTRY FLIGHT LOG FOR FLIGHT FOLDER
Flight Number : B244 Date : 19 Sep 2006 Operator and contact info : Doug Anderson ([email protected]) Problems with Instruments
CO None
O3 Instrument accidentally set to zero mode between (approx.) 07:50:40 – 08:01:15 & 10:26:50 – 10:31:50
NOx None
SO2 None
TDLAS Failed not long after take-off. Primary hard drive failure. Unsurprisingly, rebooting made no difference. Instrument seemed slow booting when initially switched on. Post flight the laptop rebooted OK. It was returned to Imperial University to check the hardware.
WAS May have had a problem with gas pressure to open and close bottles. Post flight analysis will confirm if there was a problem.
CO Calibrations A full calibration lasts approx three minutes, it consists of a cal and a zero Shorter (quick cals) are sometimes done at low level which is calibration only
Time (GMT) Level Comments08:44:18 Ground
09:16:21 FL110
09:49:32 1000’
10:17:50 2000’ Aborted after approx 60 seconds of run.
10:29:20 1000’ O3 zero set accidentally while checking values for CC log. O3 zero between 10:26:50 and 10:29:45
11:06:48 1000’
11:45:20 1000’
11:52:50 1000’ Very brief drop out on CO data. Noticed on HORACE displays but also obvious on the instrument graph plot.
PCASP Flowrate = 1.8 CC/Sec Only PCASP and FFSSP operated. From 1300-1330, oscillatory signal on PCASP. Noise on channel 2? PCASP Vref mostly around 6.5V
Flight No. B 244 Date: 19 September 2006 Instrument Fitted Operated Instrument Fitted Operated
Navigation Cloud Physics INU Y Probes XR5M GPS Y FFSSP Y Cruciform GPS Y PCASP Y Satcom C Y 2D-P Y N Satcom H Y 2D-C Y N Thermometers Cloudscope De-Iced Temp Y SID 1 Y N Non De-Iced Y SID 2 Y N Heimann Y HVPS N Hygrometers CIP25 ? N G. Eastern Y CIP100 ? N J. Williams Y Nevzorov Y TWC N FWVS N Racks: Radiometers INC N Upper Clear N CCN / CNC N “ Red N CVI N “ IR N “ shims N Aerosol Lower Clear N PSAP N “ Red N Nephelometer Y “ IR N Filters Y “ shims N AMS Y Large Radiometers
TAFTS N Others: MARSS N CDP Y DEIMOS N SAW Y ARIES N NIR TDLAS Y SWS N 2BT O3 N Chemistry VACC N Ozone Y PEROXIDE N SO2 Y Formaldehyde N NOX Y ADA N CO Y CPI N ORAC NOxy Y PAN PTRMS N PERCA Y Bag Sampling Y WAS Y Tube Sampling N
Faults / Incidents Log Flight No. B244 Date: 19 September 2006 Instruments 1. CGPS – Couldn’t connect CGPS PC pre-flight, message “COM 1 Port failed not connecting.
Access denied”. Tried selecting COM 2 then okay. 2. General Eastern – CB very sticky, needs to be replaced. 3. WAS – ethernet cable u/s. FAAM supplied replacement pre-flight then okay
- no power on rack pre-flight, found to be due to CB on Rack not made. CB sticky in operation
4. FFC – picture very indistinct (camera lens and window were cleaned yesterday). 5. TDLAS – Primary hard disk failed in flight 6. Filters – counts creeping up with pump switched off 7. CPC on AMS Rack – pc display crashed, restart then okay Aircraft 1. Helmets and harnesses – can they stay on aircraft during security check? Raise at De-brief Satcom H Calls - Nil
MISSING LOG SHEETS: The following log sheets are not available for flight B244:
Log Reason Cloud Physics Processing Awaiting processing completion AMS Log only of interest to instrument operator so no copy left with FAAM NOxy No log is ever taken for NOxy Document control Revision Date Author Comments
r0 25 Sep 2006 Doug Anderson Initial version missing the above noted logs r1 r2
VIDEO RECORDINGS: 3 x Downward Facing Cameras 3 x Rearward Facing Cameras Digital8 video recordings from this flight reside with : Dr Eiko Nemitz
Group Leader 'Aerosols & Micrometeorology' Atmospheric Sciences Section Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) - Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB Phone: +44 (0)131 445 4343 Fax: +44 (0)131 445 3943 E-mail: [email protected]
