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Flight
Mission
TACF-01 IUT (T-45 / FC)
PRACTICE TACTICAL FORMATION FLYING AS WING AND LOOK AT TYPICAL STUDENT MISTAKES AND WAYS TO CORRECT
TACF-01 IUT
ORM
• OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS / LIMITATIONS– CREW REST/ CREW DAY / WORK WEEK– WARM-UP ELIGIBILITY– PREVIOUS FLIGHT COMPLETE? – IP CURRENCY– READ AND INITIAL
• HUMAN FACTORS– LIFE STRESSORS / EXTERNAL FACTORS/ PERSONAL PROBLEMS– MEDICAL STATUS
• CREW DAY• CREW REST• NOURISHMENT• HYDRATION
• HAZARDS AND CONTROLS– ROUTINE– WHAT IS DIFFERENT TODAY?– WEATHER
• CURRENT OBSERVATIONS AND FORECASTS• CROSSWINDS• FUEL CONSIDERATIONS
TACF-01 IUT
• EVT - A/C - ATC C/S – TAC C/S – CREW
• BRIEF / WALK / TAKEOFF / MARSHAL / LAND TIMES
• ATC CLEARANCE / DD-175
• FUEL PLAN / LADDER
• LINE / T/O / ABORT / RPM
• COMM PLAN
• NAV PLAN
• BINGO/DIVERT
• LCLS
ADMIN (CARD)
TACF-01 IUT
ADMIN
• LAUNCH– WEATHER / NOTAMS / TFR / BASH– PREFLIGHT / START / MARSHAL / TAXI – TAKEOFF / JOIN-UP– ENROUTE PROCEDURES– RADALT USAGE
• RTB– FORMATION– RECOVERY– DIVERTS
TACF-01 IUT
Tac Admin(Reference TW-2 TAC SOP)
• Push to Spread• G-Warm• FENCE Checks• Fuel and G• PADS• Knock It Offs• Battle Damage Checks
TACF-01 IUT
Conduct
• Combat Spread• Check Turns• Cruise Turns• Shackle / Off Heading ShackleTurns• Tac Turns• In-Place Turns• Cross Turns• Loose Deuce Exercise• Gunsight Tracking
• LEAD RESERVES THE RIGHT TO DO ANY TURN AT ANY TIME FOR AREA MANAGEMENT!
TACF-01 IUT
CONTINGENCIES
Emergencies
• Abort• Rwy Dep/Gnd Ejection• Radio/ICS Failure • Loss of Navaids • Lost Plane/Lost Sight • System Failures • Disorientation • Bird Strike/Midair • SAR Procedures • Ejection • Crew Resource Management• Underrun/Overrun
Contingencies
• Fallouts• Weather• BASH
Training Rules• 10K’ Hard Deck• No guns inside 1000’ (CNATRA
Weapons Envelopes)• 500’ Bubble around all aircraft
TACF-01 IUT
Recap
• Overall Flow• Questions
TACF-01 IUT
STANDARD DEBRIEFING FORMAT
•THE FLIGHT LEAD OR PILOT-IN-COMMAND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING ALL FLIGHT OR CREWMEMBERS ARE THOUROUGHLY DEBRIEFED ON THE CONDUCT OF THE MISSION UTILIZING THE “S-P-B-E-MS-LL” FORMAT OUTLINED BELOW.
I. SAFETYII. PLANNINGIII. BRIEFIV. EXECUTIONV. MISSION SUCCESSVI. LESSONS LEARNED
DO NOT FORGET TO DO YOUR ASAP REPORT
TACF-01 IUT
Flight Brief
• Brief
– a. QOD– b. Lost sight– c. VCR management– d. G-warm– e. Combat checks
• Introduce
– a. Combat checks– b. Voice communications– c. Combat spread– d. Check turns– e. Cruise turns– f. Shackle / Off Heading Shackle turns– g. Tac turns– h. In-place turns
TACF-01 IUT
Flight Brief Cont.
– i. Cross turns– j. Loose deuce exercise– k. Gunsight tracking exercise– l. High yo-yo– m. Low yo-yo– n. Displacement roll– o. Unknown airspeed rendezvous– p. Lost sight
• Practice
– a. HUD management– b. Formation
TACF-01 IUT
Flight Brief
• COMBAT SPREAD
• How to get there– Check your heading, generate
an airspeed advantage, and take a 10-15 degree cut away from lead using 10 kts excess for each 10 degrees of heading.
TACF-01 IUT
Flight Brief (cont)
• Check Turns – Into
• Turn will make you acute.• Multiple techniques to fix position.• Big Picture: Slow your down range
travel compared to lead, then fix your altitude and abeam distance.
– Away• Turn will make you sucked.• Big Picture: Increase your down range
travel compared to the lead (ie. lower your nose and increase your airspeed), then fix your altitude and abeam distance.
TACF-01 IUT
Flight Brief (cont)
• Shackle Turns– 14 unit level turn into lead,
putting the original heading on the 45 degree benchmark (or as appropriate to help fix your position).
– Maintain 300 kts keeping altitude separation from lead.
– Wait approx 2 sec then pull 14 units back to the original heading. (Vary the pull as appropriate to arrive back in position.)
– Corrections for sucked / acute.
• Off Heading Shackle Turns– Turn a lot = Time a little, etc
TACF-01 IUT
CRUISE TURNS INTO WING
• Lead starts 30 degree AOB turn.
• Wing initiates level 10-20 degree AOB turn.
• Wing should pass about 2000’ in front of lead with a 15-20 degree heading differential.
• 2-4 seconds after lead disappears behind the wing, increase AOB to 45-60 degrees.
TACF-01 IUT
CRUISE TURNS AWAY FROM WING
• Lead starts a 30 deg AOB turn.• Wing begins a 45-60 deg AOB
turn lowering the nose to accelerate.
• After around 45 deg of turn, wing should pass about 2000’ behind and slightly below lead with a 15-20 deg heading advantage and 25-30 kt airspeed advantage.
• Readjust AOB to 15-20 deg AOB.
• Continue to correct as necessary to arrive in position.
TACF-01 IUT
Flight Brief (cont)
• Tactical Turns– Into
• Wait until looking down lead’s intakes.
• Start a level 14 unit pull to the new heading while maintaining 300 kts.
• Adjust timing of turn, amount of pull, and airspeed as necessary to come out of turn in position.
– Away• Start a level 14 unit pull
to the new heading while maintaining 300 kts.
• Make adjustments to fix positioning.
TACF-01 IUT
Flight Brief (cont)
• In-Place Turns– Into
• Make a level 14 unit turn for 180 deg, maintain 300 kts.
• Corrections for sucked / acute start.
– Away• Make a level 14 unit turn for
180 deg, maintain 300 kts.• Corrections for sucked / acute
start.• Do NOT float the turn when
belly up to lead!• With SA to Lead, can descend
in turn.
TACF-01 IUT
Flight Brief (cont)
• Cross Turns
– 17 unit pull at MRT as you key the mic to say “Hammer”.
– 500’ Bubble. – Use altitude to gain an
airspeed advantage and fix your position.
– Must have sight to turn past 180 deg.
– Corrections for sucked / acute start.
TACF-01 IUT
Flight Brief (cont)
• Loose Deuce Exercise– MRT at Speed and Angels and kept throughout– Geometry / Comms
• High / Low cover, Reversals / Role swaps– “Splash the bandit”– KIO
• GST– “Hammer, setting up for GST”(16k/300KIAS/1.5NM abeam),
“Hammer set 350”, speed and angels, “check left/right 50”(into Lead), “reverse”, “H12 in from X.X ”, countdown DME, “fox-2”(at 1.0), “chaff / flare”
– MRT at “Fox 2”, AWE, tracking shots / snap shots– KIO
TACF-01 IUT
Flight Brief (cont)
• Unkown A/S Rendezvous (Tactical Rejoin)– Continue flying good Tacform and resume DCS until Fence Out
(Master Arm- Safe , Combat checks)– Teaching students:
• When joining, make the rendezvous look like one that you have practiced before. Keep an altitude sanctuary until it is suit-cased.
• Lead will be setting the power (~80%) and turning to put the RTB heading on the nose. Take your time joining and make it look good.
TACF-01 IUT
CNATRA WEAPONS ENVELOPE
TACF-01 IUT
± 10° at 2000 ft
± 20° at 4000 ft
Control Zone
The goal of the fighter is to arrive in the control zone with range, angles, and closure under control. From there, he can maneuver to shoot the bandit.
Must have controlled entry into CZ with relative fuselage alignment. (No more than 20 degrees of misalignment in the front of the CZ and no more than 40 degrees of misalignment in the aft end)
TACF-01 IUT
CZ relation to Guns WEZ
Note that the CZ and the Guns
Envelope do not overlap. You cannot
employ the gun from the CZ!!
Control Zone Snapshot Envelope Tracking Envelope
Work Tracking Guns Shots
Watch Closure.
Lead required for snapshot (pipper 1-2 plane lengths in front). Allows for quick shot and a lag back to safety of
the CZ to maintain offensive position.
TACF-01 IUT
The Gunsight
1000ft (using 31’ wingspan)
Lead Angle Computing (LAC)
- Used for tracking non-maneuvering targets at 1000’ range. Must keep in reticle for >1 second. We don’t use it.
Real Time Gun Sight (RTGS)
- Used for tracking a maneuvering target by aiming and keeping the reticle pipper ahead of the target (snapshot).
- Software positioned on the point that a shell would reach in the time it takes the shell to travel 1000ft. If range > 1000’, you must shoot with enough lead for bullets to travel required distance.
TACF-01 IUT
Estimating Range
1000 ftClosest shot range (Training Rules).
If wings overlap reticle, you’re too close!
1500 ftHeart of Gun Envelope
¾ of reticle
2000 ft½ of reticle
TACF-01 IUT
MG 2.5
0.5
300 10500
14.0
6.0
RTGS
GUN
R
0035 01Truth: If outside gun envelope (> .5nm or 3000ft), pull pure (w/ fuselages aligned within 40 deg) to decrease range to arrive inside snapshot envelope.
0.7
Gunsight Tracking
TACF-01 IUT
MG 2.5
0.5
300 10200
14.0
6.0
RTGS
GUN
R
0035 01
Solve for Plane of Motion
0.4
TACF-01 IUT
MG 2.5
0.5
300 10200
14.0
6.0
RTGS
GUN
R
0035 01
Squeeze Trigger With Lead Established and lag to Control Zone
“Trigger Down……… “
“ SNAP ! ”
0.4