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Floating LiquefiedNatural Gas (FLNG)

Facilities09NA1010 P Pratheek Kumar09NA3011 D Sandeep

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What is FLNG?

Refers to water-based liquefied natural gas (LNoperations employing technologies designedenable the development of offshore natural resources

FLNG is a revolutionary technology that alloaccess to offshore gas fields that would otherwbe too costly or difficult to develop

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What is FLNG?

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FLNG in current scenario...

No FLNG facilities currently exist

A facility is in development by Royal Dutch Shand is due to be completed by around 2017

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FLNG Working Principle

Floating above an offshore natural gas field, FLNG facility will theoretically produce, liqustore and transfer LNG (and potentially LPG condensate) at sea before carriers ship it directlymarkets

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FLNG Working

The FLNG facility will be moored directly above natural gas field

It will route gas from the field to the facility via ris

When the gas reaches the facility, it will processed to produce natural gas, LPG, and natgas condensate

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FLNG Riser Mechanism

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FLNG Working

The processed feed gas will be treated to remimpurities, and liquefied through freezing, befbeing stored in the hull

Ocean-going carriers will offload the LNG, as we

the other liquid by-products, for delivery to markworldwide

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FLNG Working

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FLNG Construction

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Conventional method LNG Production

The conventional alternative to this wouldto pump gas through pipelines to a shbased facility for liquefaction, beftransferring the gas for delivery

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Conventional method

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Underwater pipelines

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Underwater pipelines

One of the major hurdles for laying underpipelines is the topography and distance

The more rough and rocky the underwater terrainthe more expensive and complex the pipe

construction Beyond its topography, pipeline engineers have

take into account the sub-zero temperatures of ocean floor and stormiest waters and strongcurrents

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Advantages/Uses of FLNG

Natural gas is the cleanest-burning fossil fuel

It is also abundant and affordable and may be ato meet world energy needs by realising potential of otherwise unviable gas reserves

FLNG technology also provides a number environmental and economic advantages

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Advantages - Environmental

Because all processing is done at the gas field, this no need to lay long pipelines all the way to shore

There is also no requirement for compression u

to pump the gas to shore, dredging and jeconstruction or the onshore construction of an Lprocessing plant, all of which significantly redthe project's environmental footprint

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Advantages - Environmental

Avoiding construction also helps preserve maand coastal environments

Additionally, environmental disturbance wouldminimised during the later decommissioning of

facility, because it could be disconnected easily removed before being refurbished and re-deploelsewhere

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Advantages - Economic

Where pumping gas to shore can be expensFLNG makes LNG production economically viable

As a result, it will open up new businopportunities for countries to develop offshore

fields that would otherwise remain stranded, sas those off the coast of East Africa

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Challenges associated with FLNG

Moving LNG production to an offshore settpresents a demanding set of challenges

In terms of the design and construction of the FLfacility, every element of a conventional LNG fac

needs to fit into an area roughly one quarter size, whilst maintaining the utmost levels of safand giving increased flexibility to LNG production

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Challenges associated with FLNG

Product transfers also need to deal with the effeof winds, waves and currents in the open seas

Many solutions to reduce the effect of motion weather are again to be found in the design, wh

must be capable of withstanding

and ereducing the impact of waves

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Further Advancements...

In this area, technological development has bmainly evolutionary rather than revolutionleveraging and adapting technologies that currently applied to offshore oil productiononshore liquefaction

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Further Advancements...

For example, loading arms have been adapted different sea/ocean conditions as:

Traditional LNG loading arms in open water

Hose-based solutions for both side-by-side transf

in calmer seas

Tandem transfers in rougher conditions

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Tandem Loading

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Further Advancements...

The cold of the ocean depths can also be utilizedpumping water to help cool the gas, avoiding need to for extra equipment on deck

The Components of the facility can be stac

vertically to save space; the operating plant, example, can be placed above LNG storage tanks

The sheer size of the full-scale facility could be uto withstand very high winds and giant waves

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Prelude FLNG - SHELL

The floating facility will chill natural gas produced afield to 162C, shrinking its volume by 600 times so be shipped to customers in other parts of the world

Ocean-going carriers will load the LNG as well as liquid by-products (condensate and LPG) for delive

market. The Prelude FLNG facility will be 488m long, 74m wid

will displace around 600,000 tonnes of water. It will blargest floating offshore facility in the world

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Prelude FLNG - SHELL

The Prelude FLNG facility will be built at Samsung HIndustries Geoje Island ship yards in South Korea

Once constructed, the facility will be towed to its locaapproximately 475 kilometres north-northeast of BroWestern Australia.

The facility will be moored and hooked up to the undinfrastructure and the whole production sycommissioned.

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Prelude FLNG - SHELL

The Prelude FLNG facility has been designedwithstand the most powerful tropical cyclo(Category 5)

It will remain moored at the location for around

years before needing to dock for inspection overhaul

In addition, it will be secured in place by one of largest mooring systems in the world

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Conclusion

FLNG technology provides an efficient solutionthe development of remote offshore gas fields

It can be more economic than a offshore productfacility plus a pipeline and an onshore LNG plant

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